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fine dissection of a nine amino acid glycoprotein epitope, a major determinant recognized by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific class i-restricted h-2db cytotoxic t lymphocytes.we define a nine-amino acid (aa) sequence of val-glu-asn-pro-gly-gly-tyr-cys-leu as a major epitope for immunologic recognition of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) by h-2b-restricted ctl. the epitope was characterized using molecular genetics to bracket broadly and chemistry to precisely identify aa residues 278-286 of the viral glycoprotein. the epitope's composition is characteristic of a reverse (beta turn) but not an amphipathic alpha helix. a series of peptides with a single aa sub ...19882457647
antiviral effect of lymphokine-activated killer cells: characterization of effector cells mediating prophylaxis.lymphokine-activated killer (lak) cells generated by cultivation of c57bl/6 mouse spleen cells in the presence of recombinant interleukin-2 were transferred into natural killer (nk) cell-deficient suckling mouse recipients. these mice were then challenged with either murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) or lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcmv) and sacrificed 3 days later. no interleukin 2 infusions were given. mice receiving as few as 5 x 10(5) lak cells had several 100-fold decreases in spleen mcmv tite ...19882458485
on the production of immunoglobulins in the central nervous system: an involvement of b cell stimulatory factor 2/interleukin 6 produced intrathecally? 19892467367
polymorphism of cytotoxic t-lymphocyte clones that recognize a defined nine-amino-acid immunodominant domain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein.to assess the heterogeneity of cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) directed against viral epitopes, we studied six class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted (h-2db) ctl clones that recognize the same 9-amino-acid immunodominant epitope, amino acids 278 to 286 from envelope glycoprotein 2 (gp2) of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). using southern blot analysis of beta-chain rearrangements, we found that each clone has a unique restriction pattern, providing evidence of the independen ...19892467990
anti-viral protection and prevention of lymphocytic choriomeningitis or of the local footpad swelling reaction in mice by immunization with vaccinia-recombinant virus expressing lcmv-we nucleoprotein or glycoprotein.the viral antigen specificity of primary cytotoxic t cell responses (ctl) of h-2b, h-2k, h-2q, h-2s, h-2f and some h-2-recombinant mice against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv-we isolate) as well as the specificity of some ctl clones and t cell lines was defined on target cells infected with vaccinia-recombinant virus expressing nucleoprotein (np) or glycoprotein (gp). np was recognized together with h-2q (dq), h-2d (dld), h-2s and h-2b (db). gp specificity was restricted to h-2f and h- ...19892468501
antiviral t cell competence and restriction specificity of mixed allogeneic (p1 + p2----p1) irradiation chimeras.mixed irradiation bone marrow chimeras were prepared by reconstituting lethally irradiated c57bl/10 (b10) or b10.d2 mice with t cell-depleted bone marrow cells of b10 plus b10.d2 origin. these chimeras were healthy and survived well under conventional housing conditions and after experimental laboratory infections. of a total of 17 chimeras tested, 2 died spontaneously or from the injected virus. twelve of fifteen chimeras mounted a measurable cytotoxic t cell response to virus. despite approxim ...19892470518
t cell memory. long-term persistence of virus-specific cytotoxic t cells.this study documents that virus-specific ctl can persist indefinitely in vivo. this was accomplished by transferring thy-1.1 t cells into thy-1.2 recipient mice to specifically identify the donor t cell population and to characterize its antigenic specificity and function by using a virus-specific ctl assay. thy-1.1+ t cells from mice previously immunized with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) were transferred into thy-1.2 mice persistently infected with lcmv. the transferred lcmv-specif ...19892471771
in vivo expression of perforin by cd8+ lymphocytes during an acute viral infection.ctl and nk cells cultured in vitro have been shown to contain a cytolytic pore-forming protein (pfp/perforin/cytolysin). to date, it has not been determined whether perforin is expressed by ctl that have been primed in vivo. here, we have infected mice with two strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), one of which mainly produces choriomeningitis and, the other, hepatitis. brain and liver cryostat sections obtained from lcmv-infected mice were stained for various lymphocyte markers, ...19892471775
use of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase at high temperature for sequence analysis of highly structured rna.avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (amv rt) is routinely used in the sequence analysis of rna and dna templates. we review the various methods for dealing with secondary structures that would otherwise result in premature termination or sequence compression. based on our experience in sequencing the 11-kb single-stranded rna genome of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, we have found that raising the reaction temperature above 47 degrees c is the simplest way to overcome template s ...19892473018
neutralizing epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus are conformational and require both glycosylation and disulfide bonds for expression.lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (armstrong strain) bears two overlapping epitopes, gp-1a (a) and gp-1d (d), recognized by neutralizing antibodies on the major surface glycoprotein gp-1. both are discontinuous conformational epitopes that require prior formation of disulfide bridges and addition of n-linked oligosaccharides. using monoclonal antibodies specific for each of these epitopes, as well as for conformation-independent epitopes, we have investigated the requirements for biosynthesis a ...19892474891
class i mhc can present an endogenous peptide to cytotoxic t lymphocytes.since class i mhc glycoproteins may function by "screening and selecting" degraded proteins, we wished to determine whether very short peptides made within a cell were detected and bound by mhc, and presented for t cell perusal. we show that a 22 amino acid viral sequence containing a db-restricted nonameric ctl epitope is sufficient to direct ctl recognition/lysis of h2b target cells. the mechanism of epitope presentation is by the "natural" endogenous route, and appears to direct lysis as effe ...19892475568
efficiency and effectiveness of cloned virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes in vivo.the efficiency of cloned class i mhc restricted ctl specific for the nucleoprotein or glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in either mediating virus clearance or immunopathologic disease in mice during acute infection was quantitated. cloned ctl specific for either an internal (nucleoprotein) or surface (glycoprotein) protein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, when administered intracerebrally 5 days after the initiation of infection induced fatal immunopathology, indicating th ...19892476492
molecular analyses of a five-amino-acid cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitope: an immunodominant region which induces nonreciprocal ctl cross-reactivity.the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) response to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection determines the outcome of infection. here we show that this response in balb/c mice (h-2d), when analyzed both at the primary ctl level and using ctl clones, is predominantly monospecific. the vast majority of ctl have a common specificity for a single epitope in the virus nucleoprotein, which can be minimally identified by amino acids gvymg. this epitope is presented by the ld class i glycoprotein. we used ...19892476570
molecularly engineered vaccine which expresses an immunodominant t-cell epitope induces cytotoxic t lymphocytes that confer protection from lethal virus infection.identification of a single viral t-cell epitope, associated with greater than 95% of the virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) activity in balb/c (h-2d) mice (j. l. whitton, a. tishon, h. lewicki, j. gebhard, t. cook, m. salvato, e. joly, and m. b. a. oldstone, j. virol. 63:4303-4310, 1989), permitted us to design a ctl vaccine and test its ability to protect against a lethal virus challenge. here we show that a single immunization with a recombinant vaccinia virus-lymphocytic choriomening ...19892476571
major histocompatibility complex--dependent t cell epitopes of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus nucleoprotein and their protective capacity against viral disease.in mice the immune response to infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), a member of the arenavirus family, is mainly based on the activity of cytotoxic t cells. the immunogenic epitopes of the viral nucleoprotein recognized by cytotoxic t cells in various inbred strains of mice were defined. these epitopes were located in h-2d and h-2q mice in the amino-terminal region and in h-2b mice in the carboxy-terminal region of the nucleoprotein. a detailed analysis with synthetic peptid ...19892477254
enumeration of single ifn-gamma-producing cells in mice during viral and bacterial infection.a solid phase immunoenzymatic technique was employed for detecting single ifn-gamma-producing cells (ifn-gamma pc) in the mouse. after infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or listeria monocytogenes, the numbers of ifn-gamma pc in spleens began to rise on day 4, attained maxima on days 7 and 8, and declined thereafter. negative selection in vitro by use of mab and c allowed phenotypic identification of the producer cells; most, if not all, carried thy-1, and approximately one half ex ...19892492578
the combination of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and non-mhc genes influences murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus pathogenesis.resistance to the acute lethal disease caused by the docile strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus varies widely between different mouse strains. in order to study the inheritance of host influence on susceptibility to this strain of lcm virus, we crossed the f1 to the parent with the recessive disease phenotype. in all cases, susceptibility was dominant. in backcross progeny obtained from matings of parental strains differing in both major histocompatibility complex (mhc) and non-mh ...19892499033
mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection. viii. treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-infected mice with anti-interferon-gamma monoclonal antibody blocks generation of virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes and virus elimination.in acutely infected mice the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus multiplies to high titers in essentially all tissues. around day 6, virus clearance sets in, which has previously been shown to be mediated by cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl), probably by releasing (or inducing other cells to release) anti-viral cytokines. to ascertain whether interferon-gamma plays a role, infected mice were injected once i.v. with monoclonal antibody known to neutralize this lymphokine, and the effect thi ...19892503388
the completed sequence of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus reveals a unique rna structure and a gene for a zinc finger protein.the arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) has a single-stranded rna genome composed of a large (l) and a small (s) rna segment. the completed sequence of lcmv, presented here, reveals a formerly unknown gene (z) on the l genomic segment. this gene is encoded in the positive or message-sense of the viral genomic rna, whereas the adjacent gene (l) is in the genome-complementary, or negative sense. the ambisense polarity of the genes on the l rna reiterates the polarity of genes on ...19892510401
cytotoxic t lymphocyte control of acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: interferon gamma, but not tumour necrosis factor alpha, displays antiviral activity in vivo.virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) mediate their antiviral activity either by direct lysis of infected cells, or by the release of soluble lymphokines, or by a combination of the two. we have examined the role played by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (tnf alpha) in virus clearance. in vitro the amount of ifn-gamma synthesized by some lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific h-2-restricted ctl clones was quantitatively too small to correlate with a direct ant ...19892514255
high efficiency immunoaffinity purification of anti-peptide antibodies on thiopropyl sepharose immunoadsorbants.antibodies to peptides are routinely made by immunizing animals with peptide linked to a carrier protein such as keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) or bovine serum albumin (bsa) via a disulfide bond. the majority of such a polyclonal antibody response is directed against the carrier protein. the presence of such background antibodies often complicates efforts to characterize the desired anti-peptide antibody; hence it is desirable to isolate the specific fraction of immunoglobulin reactive against ...19892520762
impaired generation of anti-viral cytotoxicity against lymphocytic choriomeningitis and vaccinia virus in mice treated with cd4-specific monoclonal antibody.the role of cd4+ helper t cells in induction of anti-viral cytotoxic t-cell response was investigated by treating normal and thymectomized c57b1/6 mice with cd4-specific monoclonal antibodies (moab). in cd4-specific moab-treated mice infected with vaccinia or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), cytotoxic t-cell activity was 5-15 times lower than in normal controls when measured in a 51cr release assay and computed as lytic units 6 and 8 days respectively after virus inoculation. this diff ...19892532394
comparison of isolation in cell culture with conventional and modified mouse antibody production tests for detection of murine viruses.the sensitivity of the mouse antibody production test with intraperitoneal or intrasplenic inoculation of mice with reovirus type 3, minute virus of mice, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, or mouse hepatitis virus was compared with that of direct isolation in cultured cells. the mouse antibody production test for detection of mouse hepatitis virus was significantly more sensitive than virus isolation in permissive cells, but differences in sensitivity were less marked for the other three virus ...19892536388
virus-induced polyclonal cytotoxic t lymphocyte stimulation.infections with a variety of viruses (lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcmv), murine cytomegalovirus, pichinde virus, vaccinia virus) stimulated c57bl/6 mice to generate allospecific ctl coincidental with the generation of virus-specific ctl. in c57bl/6 (h-2b) mice, lcmv-induced ctl with reactivity against cells from mice bearing gene products of the d, f, k, p, q, and s but not the b mhc loci. studies with congenic mouse strains indicated that the mhc loci coded for the target of the allospecific ...19892537363
enhanced virus replication and inhibition of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus disease in anti-gamma interferon-treated mice.the role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) induced during a viral infection in the ability of the host to acquire antiviral immunity was studied in mice. they were injected subcutaneously daily with an ammonium sulfate-precipitated sheep anti-ifn-gamma antibody preparation able to neutralize 10(4) u of ifn-gamma. specificity of the anti-ifn-gamma antiserum was demonstrated by absence of detectable activity against natural ifn-alpha and -beta. controls were treated with a similarly prepared normal ...19892542591
on the cellular source and function of interleukin 6 produced in the central nervous system in viral diseases.interleukin 6 (il6) was found to be produced in the central nervous system (cns) of icr+/+ mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) or with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). when infecting athymic icr nu/nu mice which cannot develop t cell-mediated meningitis after lcmv infection, no significant synthesis of il6 was detected in the cns. il6 was found, however, to be produced intrathecally in icr nu/nu mice infected with vsv, which causes a t cell-independent acute encephaliti ...19892543584
effects of treatment with il-2 receptor specific monoclonal antibody in mice. inhibition of cytotoxic t cell responses but not of t help.contribution of il-2r-bearing activated lymphocytes to antiviral host defense was investigated in c57bl/6 mice by treatment in vivo with il-2r-specific mab pc61. when treated on days 0 and 1 with respect to infection with either vaccinia virus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus (lcmv) or vesicular stomatitis virus, 6-day immune mice had low numbers of cd8+ t cells that were reduced to about 10% of the values found for infected but otherwise untreated controls. in contrast, the number of c ...19892544648
persistence of the irradiated host component in thymocyte populations from bone marrow radiation chimeras infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.the thymus of chimeras made using t cell-depleted donor bone marrow from thy1.1+ mice and 950 rad thy 1.2+ recipients is dominated initially by cells expressing the thy 1.2+ phenotype of the irradiated host. the thymocyte population recovered at 2 weeks after reconstitution comprises 80% thy 1.2+ cells (host), the remainder being thy 1.1+ (donor). this situation is normally reversed within a further week, with the host ty 1.2+ (donor). this situation is normally reversed within a further week, w ...19892562934
virus-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction is sequentially mediated by cd8+ and cd4+ t lymphocytes.after subcutaneous inoculation into the hind foot of a mouse, the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus multiplies locally, attaining 10(7)-10(8) mouse infectious units per g of tissue; elimination commences around day 7. about 1 day earlier, the foot begins to swell, which is regarded as a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction. to answer the question of whether the local inflammatory response is involved in virus clearance, we needed to known what cells mediate both these phenomena. w ...19892566169
viral alteration of cell function. 19892569234
tolerance induction in double specific t-cell receptor transgenic mice varies with antigen.the crucial role of the thymus in immunological tolerance has been demonstrated by establishing that t cells are positively selected to express a specificity for self major histocompatibility complex (mhc), and that those t cells bearing receptors potentially reactive to self antigen fragments, presumably presented by thymic mhc, are selected against. the precise mechanism by which tolerance is induced and the stage of t-cell development at which it occurs are not known. we have now studied t-ce ...19892573841
mechanism of recovery from acute virus infection. ix. clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus from the feet of mice undergoing lcm virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.as shown previously, after inoculation into the footpad of a mouse the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lmc) virus multiplies locally. beginning on day 6 or 7 after infection, the foot undergoes a delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction which consists of two distinct phases that are mediated by cd8+ cells and cd4+ cells, respectively, and at about the same time the virus is eliminated. in general, for terminating infection of the mouse with lcm virus the cd8+ cytotoxic/suppressive t lymphocyte ...19892575136
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction in mice. 19892575850
[etiology of iddm]. 19892601056
delayed type-hypersensitivity response of inbred strains of syrian golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus) to lethal or non-lethal lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infections.in adult syrian golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus), intraperitoneal or footpad inoculation of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) strains, we or armstrong (arm), caused systemic infection and induced serum lcmv-antibody. hamster and virus strain-dependent lethal disease also occurred. with we, mha and pd4 inbred hamsters failed to eliminate infection and died of wasting disease. lsh and cb inbred hamsters resisted lethal we-disease and cleared infection. lvg hamsters and inbred lhc ...19892622328
detection of perforin and granzyme a mrna in infiltrating cells during infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.the analysis of gene expression in cytotoxic t cells by in situ hybridization of serial liver and brain sections from mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) and immunostaining with t cell marker- and virus-specific antibodies revealed a close histological association of infiltrating lymphocytes expressing the perforin and granzyme a genes with virally infected cells. maximal frequency of perforin and granzyme a mrna-containing cells on liver sections preceded by about 2 day ...19892668013
reactivity and tolerance of virus-specific t cells. 19892701218
detection of virus-specific rna-dependent rna polymerase activity in extracts from cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: in vitro synthesis of full-length viral rna species.we have developed an in vitro assay for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) rna-dependent rna polymerase with ribonucleoprotein complexes extracted from acutely infected tissue culture cells. the rna products synthesized in vitro corresponded in size to the full-length genomic l and s rnas and subgenomic np and gp mrnas normally produced in vivo during acute lcmv infection. in a temporal analysis spanning the first 72 h of acute infection, the in vitro polymerase activity of ribonucleo ...19892704071
the primary structure of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus l gene encodes a putative rna polymerase.the complete rna sequence of the l protein gene of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) is presented. it is the first l protein sequence to be obtained for the arenaviridae, a family of single-stranded rna viruses which includes lassa fever virus, and the tacaribe complex viruses such as pichinde and the argentine and bolivian hemorrhagic fever viruses. it is the largest open reading frame on the l rna spanning 6633 nucleotides and coding for a 2210 amino acid protein with a calculated mole ...19892705303
[lymphocytic choriomeningitis causing unilateral deafness].lymphocytic choriomeningitis is generally a benign disease passing off without complication. the authors describe a case where the disease appeared in the form of febrile infection and caused permanent unilateral deafness. in connection with this case the authors review briefly the clinical aspects, diagnostic difficulties of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection and wish to draw the attention to the possibility of a lymphocytic choriomeningitis infection in the background of parainfluenz ...19892710545
tacaribe virus l gene encodes a protein of 2210 amino acid residues.the nucleotide sequence of tacaribe virus (tv) l gene was obtained from two sets of overlapping cdna clones constructed by walking along the virus l rna using two successive synthetic dna primers. analysis of the sequence indicated the existence of a unique long open reading frame in the viral complementary strand. the first in-phase aug codon is in positions 31-33 from the 5' end of the viral complementary l rna surrounded by a sequence favorable for initiation of protein synthesis. the open re ...19892718387
major histocompatibility complex-linked susceptibility or resistance to disease caused by a noncytopathic virus varies with the disease parameter evaluated.the influence of major transplantation antigens on susceptibility to t cell-mediated disease caused by infection with the noncytopathic virus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) was evaluated in b10 h-2-congenic mice. susceptibility to early t cell-mediated liver cell destruction (day 7-9) and early mortality (before day 12) was h-2dq linked and correlated directly with early (day 6-8) and high cytotoxic t cell activity. in contrast, susceptibility to become an lcmv carrier, inability to r ...19892746160
cloning, analysis, and expression of murine perforin 1 cdna, a component of cytolytic t-cell granules with homology to complement component c9.the nucleotide sequence coding for the cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) protein perforin 1 (p1) has been determined and the corresponding protein sequence has been derived. murine ctl cdna libraries contained in the vector lambda gt11 were screened by using a monospecific antiserum to purified p1. three recombinant phages were isolated and their cdna inserts were sequenced. the derived protein sequence contains 554 amino acids and displays, as expected, considerable homology with certain functional ...19892783486
the activation of il-2 transcription in l3t4+ and lyt-2+ lymphocytes during virus infection in vivo.during infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), activation and proliferation of nk cells occurs early, followed by the activation and proliferation of ctl. to investigate the role of endogenously produced growth factors in mediating proliferation of these effector cell types, the transcription of il-2 during infection was studied. we report that il-2 is transcribed in vivo by mouse spleen cells during infection with lcmv. the time course of transcription corresponds to c ...19892783708
mhc and non-mhc genes regulate elimination of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and antiviral cytotoxic t lymphocyte and delayed-type hypersensitivity mediating t lymphocyte activity in parallel.the course of systemic infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus was studied in mouse strains differing in the mhc or non-mhc background. virus clearance rates differed significantly between h-2 identical strains as well as between congenic strains differing in the h-2l subregion, indicating that both h-2 and non-h-2 genes may influence the elimination of this virus. differences in virus spread prior to appearance of the immune response could not explain the observed differences in clear ...19892783710
expression of cytoplasmic granules with t cell-associated serine proteinase-1 activity in ly-2+(cd8+) t lymphocytes responding to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in vivo.monoclonal antibodies (mab) with specificity for the t cell-associated serine proteinase-1 of the mouse (mtsp-1) were used to study expression and storage of this enzyme in t lymphocytes during lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus infection in vivo. immunohistochemical analysis of splenic tissue at the peak of lcm virus-specific t cell-mediated cytolytic responses, i.e., at day 7 post infection, revealed high numbers of mtsp-1+ t lymphocytes in the interfollicular t cell-dependent area of th ...19892784104
in vivo treatment with an appropriate anti-thy-1.2 monoclonal antibody abrogates hybrid resistance to thy-1.1+ virus-immune effector t cells.the hybrid resistance (hr) effect operates to limit the induction of t-cell-mediated inflammatory processes following transfer into recipients injected with murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). adoptively transferred thy-1.1+ h-2b (kbdb) lcm virus-immune t cells are inhibited in cyclophosphamide (cy)-suppressed, virus-infected mice that are heterozygous for h-2db (e.g. h-2k x b f1). injection of recipient animals with monoclonal antibody (mab) to thy-1.2 resulted in the elimination ...19892785489
phenotypic and functional analysis of the cellular response in regional lymphoid tissue during an acute virus infection.a phenotypic and functional analysis has been made of the cellular response in regional lymphoid tissue of c57bl/6j mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. massive recruitment of nondividing cells occurred from 3 days after infection, with total numbers of cd8+ t lymphocytes, b220+ b cells, and thy-1- b220- null cells being high from day 4 to day 6. in contrast, the peak counts for cd4+ t cells were recorded on day 4 and declined dramatically thereafter. enhanced expression of il- ...19892785558
class i gene regulation of haplotype preference may influence antiviral immunity in vivo.the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv)-specific tc response in (c3 x d2) f1 hybrids (k x d) is markedly biased in favor of the h-2d haplotype. adoptive transfer experiments established that this haplotype preference also applied to t cell function in vivo. using different mouse strain combinations we were unable to detect an influence of sex, non-h-2 background, maternal genotype, or route of priming on the preference pattern. in other haplotype combinations tested (k and b, b and d) no d ...19892788515
consequences of exposure to ionizing radiation for effector t cell function in vivo.the adoptive transfer of actuely primed and memory virus-immune cd8+ t cells causes enhanced meningitis in both cyclophosphamide (cy) suppressed, and unsuppressed, recipients infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). the severity of meningitis is assessed by counting cells in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) obtained from the cisterna magna, which allows measurement of significant inflammatory process ranging from 3 to more than 300 times the background number of cells found in mice inje ...19892789064
transforming growth factor-beta inhibits the generation of cytotoxic t cells in virus-infected mice.the immunoregulatory effects of human recombinant transforming growth factor (rtgf) beta 1 and human recombinant glioblastoma-derived t cell suppressor factor (rg-tsf)/tgf beta 2 was investigated in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) or vaccinia virus. starting on the day of infection, i.p. injections of 1 microgram/day or rtgf-beta 1 or rg-tsf/tgf-beta 2 suppressed the generation of virus specific ctl. the effect of tgf-beta on ctl (day 8) was less pronounced when tgf- ...19892809199
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus selectively alters differentiated but not housekeeping functions: block in expression of growth hormone gene is at the level of transcriptional initiation.persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) armstrong strain in c3h/st mice is associated with a growth hormone (gh) deficiency syndrome, characterized by growth retardation and low serum glucose levels (m.b.a. oldstone et al., 1982, science 218, 1125-1127). the syndrome is associated with a decrease in gh synthesis in the pituitary gland, in the absence of cellular injury in the pituitary or associated brain areas. in this report, we demonstrate that the decreases in ste ...19892916325
nucleotide sequence of the lassa virus (josiah strain) s genome rna and amino acid sequence comparison of the n and gpc proteins to other arenaviruses.the complete nucleotide sequence of the s genome rna of the josiah strain of lassa virus was determined from cloned cdna. the s rna is 3402 nucleotides long with a calculated molecular weight of 1.09 x 10(6) da. the nucleotide base composition is 26.84% adenine, 21.40% guanine, 22.75% cytosine, and 29.01% uridine. the 5' and 3' terminal nucleotide sequences are conserved and complimentary for 19 nucleotides, the nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes are arranged in ambisense coding strategy, and ...19892916333
homologous interference of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus involves a ribavirin-susceptible block in virus replication.depending on the multiplicity of infection (moi), infection of l929 cells results in either productive lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus replication or homologous interference m. bruns, a. gessner, h. lother, and f. lehmann-grube, virology 166:133-139, 1988). as shown in this communication, productive lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus replication as observed at a low moi was effectively inhibited by ribavirin. in contrast, virus yields increased if cells were infected with a high moi and in th ...19892926867
ontogeny and selection of the t cell repertoire in transgenic mice.t cell receptor (tcr) transgenic mice have contributed to many aspects in understanding t cell ontogeny and selection of the peripheral repertoire. we have generated beta and alphabeta tcr transgenic mice, that predominantly express receptor chain(s) specific for the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein, presented with the class i mhc h-2db. this beta chain uses vbeta8.1 and therefore reactivity with a self protein known as mls(a) may also be studied. the effects of a functional beta ...198915630811
effects of cyclosporin a on il-2 production and lymphocyte proliferation during infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.the immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin a (csa) blocks production of il-2 by lymphocytes in vitro, and impairs immune responses in vivo. during infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), il-2 is produced by spleen lymphocytes with a time course corresponding to that of t cell activation and proliferation, but distinct from nk cell activation and proliferation. to evaluate the requirement for il-2 in supporting lymphocyte proliferation in vivo, and to investigate the mecha ...19901967265
virus-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth). cells mediating lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific dth reaction in mice.we had previously shown that the local lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction in mice consists of two well delineated phases that are mediated by cd8+ and cd4+ t lymphocytes, respectively. these findings have been confirmed and extended by showing that the first cd8+ cell-dependent part of the response was enhanced by either the presence of cd4+ cells or systemic treatment with il-2 and that it developed in the absence of detectable numbers of mon ...19901968492
molecular insights into infections of the central nervous system. 19901970189
viruses as therapeutic agents. i. treatment of nonobese insulin-dependent diabetes mice with virus prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus while maintaining general immune competence.a situation in which virus can be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent a lethal autoimmune disease is explored. nonobese insulin-dependent diabetes (nod) mice spontaneously develop insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm), characterized by lymphocytic infiltration into the islets of langerhans and beta cell destruction, resulting in hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and death. infection of nod mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) aborts the autoimmune manifestation ...19901972180
distinct sequence of negative or positive selection implied by thymocyte t-cell receptor densities.recent evidence suggests that positive and negative selection of thymocytes bearing alpha beta t-cell receptors occurs during the predominant double-positive (cd4+cd8+) stage. but the sequence or stage at which positive or negative selection occurs during thymocyte maturation has not been well defined. here we use transgenic mice to show that the cd4+cd8+ stage might be further subdivided into cd3lo (low) and cd3in (intermediate) stages. the cd3in stage could represent t cells that have been pos ...19901975427
in vivo selection of lymphocyte-tropic and macrophage-tropic variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus during persistent infection.this study demonstrates cell-specific selection of viral variants during persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in its natural host. we have analyzed viral isolates obtained from cd4+ t cells and macrophages of congenitally infected carrier mice and found that three types of variants are present in individual carrier mice: (i) macrophage-tropic, (ii) lymphotropic, and (iii) amphotropic. the majority of the isolates were amphotropic and exhibited enhanced growth in both lymphocyt ...19901976825
binding of monoclonal antibodies and t cell effector function in vivo.the capacity of adoptively transferred cd8+ effector t cells to induce meningitis in immunosuppressed, or unsuppressed, recipients infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) may be diminished by prior incubation of the lymphocytes with igm monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for cd8 or thy1.2. the same is true, though to a lesser extent, for the further proliferation of donor t cells in the spleens of the immunosuppressed mice. this inhibition of cell mediated immunity can be over ...19902107142
ifn-gamma production in tissues of mice during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.as shown by a single-cell solid-phase elisa, splenocytes as well as liver lymphoid cells from unmanipulated specific-pathogen free mice synthesized and released ifn-gamma. synthesis of this lymphokine could not be demonstrated either on the transcriptional level by northern blotting or immunocytochemically. thus, ifn-gamma is constitutively produced in mice, although in low quantities. during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, ifn-gamma mrna became detectable in spleen and ...19902109012
mechanism of killing by virus-induced cytotoxic t lymphocytes elicited in vivo.the mechanism of lysis by in vivo-induced cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) was examined with virus-specific ctl from mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). lcmv-induced t cells were shown to have greater than 10 times the serine esterase activity of t cells from normal mice, and high levels of serine esterase were located in the lcmv-induced cd8+ cell population. serine esterase was also induced in purified t-cell preparations isolated from mice infected with other viruses (m ...19902115090
treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha does not influence the immune pathological response against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) in the immunopathological events induced by infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (lcm) virus (lcmv) was assessed by treatment of c57bl/6 mice with a sheep antibody to murine tnf alpha antiserum to strongly interfere with anti-listeria host defense. however, despite its effectiveness in listeria infections in vivo, antibody to tnf alpha used at 6 x 10(4) neutralizing units per day subcutaneously had no detectable influence on the kinetics ...19902129499
infection of guinea pigs with two strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.in order to study the lesions produced by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) adult guinea-pigs were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1000 pfu of the we or the armstrong strain of lcmv. the animals were sacrificed at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days p.i. and samples were taken for hematological, histopathological and virological studies. in the guinea-pigs infected with the we strain there was destruction of the splenic red pulp with high titers of virus and different degrees of pneumonitis. the hema ...19902130208
preferential usage of v alpha 4 and v beta 10 t cell receptor genes by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein-specific h-2db-restricted cytotoxic t cells.correlations between the t cell receptor (tcr) v gene usage and the specificity of t cells have been primarily described for major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-restricted helper t cell responses. in the present study the tcr genes expressed by mhc class i-restricted murine cytotoxic t cells (ctl) specific for a major epitope of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), lcmv-gp2(275-289), were investigated. the tcr primary structure of an lcmv-gp2(275-289) specific h-2db-restric ...19902138558
post-translational processing of the glycoproteins of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.intracellular events in the synthesis, glycosylation, and transport of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) glycoproteins have been examined. we have shown by n-glycanase digestion that lcmv strain arm-4 bears five oligosaccharides on gp-1 and two on gp-2. by pulse-chase labeling experiments in the presence of drugs which inhibit n-linked oligosaccharide addition and processing we demonstrate that addition of high mannose precursor oligosaccharides is necessary for transport and cleavag ...19902141203
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunodepression: inherent defect of b and t lymphocytes.infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) produces a rapidly induced immuno-suppression manifested by low lymphocyte proliferation in response to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and concanavalin a (cona). analysis of the mechanisms underlying the unresponsiveness to these mitogens was undertaken at the cellular and molecular levels 7 days after infection. the selective elimination of cd8+ t cells and the results of coculture experiments demonstrated that unresponsiveness was not ...19902143539
immunosuppression in mice by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: time dependence during primary and absence of effects on secondary antibody responses.the kinetic study of immunosuppression caused by infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus we (lcmv-we) was assessed in dba/2 (h-2d) and c57bl/6 (h-2b) mice. infection with lcmv caused suppression of the day 4 igm response (complete in dba/2 and incomplete in c57bl/6) and completely suppressed igg responses on days 9 and 42 to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) injected 2-11 days after lcmv. suppression was partial when vsv was injected 16-28 days after lcmv-we infection. the obser ...19902170031
viruses as therapeutic agents. ii. viral reassortants map prevention of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to the small rna of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.nonobese diabetic (nod) mice are the experimental prototype of type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). these mice develop a characteristic autoimmune lesion in the pancreatic islets of langerhans, where infiltrating lymphocytes destroy beta cells, resulting in hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and death. this iddm, which closely resembles that in humans, is prevented by infecting nod mice with particular strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), including armst ...19902191074
genetic basis of viral persistence: single amino acid change in the viral glycoprotein affects ability of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to persist in adult mice.this study has identified a single amino acid change in the viral glycoprotein that profoundly affects the ability of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) to persist in its natural host. adult immunocompetent mice infected with a variant of the armstrong strain, spleen isolate clone 13 (sva/sva), harbor virus for several months and exhibit suppressed t cell responses. in contrast, adult mice infected with a reassortant virus (sva/wta) that contains the l segment of the spleen variant and th ...19902212940
perturbation of differentiated functions during viral infection in vivo. in vivo relationship of host genes and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus to growth hormone deficiency.retarded growth and disordered glucose metabolism secondary to growth hormone (gh) deficiency are associated with persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection of gh-producing cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. infected c3h/st mice, which are h-2k haplotype, become gh deficient, and lcmv replicates in most (more than 90%) of their gh-producing cells. in contrast, balb/wehi and swr/j mice, which are h-2d and h-2q, respectively, do not develop this gh deficiency, a ...19902221020
the course of lcmv infection in gnotobiotic and conventional adult mice pretreated with attenuated ndv vaccine.a single intraperitoneal treatment with two different doses of live newcastle disease virus (ndv) containing attenuated ndv vaccine one day before intracerebral inoculation with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) had no influence on the ratio and time of deaths after infection with a 100 ld50 dose of lcmv either in gnotobiotic or in conventional mice. there was no difference either in the ld50 values determined on the basis of three parallel lcmv titration performed on mice pretreated wit ...19902264455
[the detection of a presumed fusion peptide comprising the surface glycoproteins of arenaviruses]. 19902267784
detection of lassa virus rna in specimens from patients with lassa fever by using the polymerase chain reaction.suitable oligonucleotide primers and probes were synthesized to amplify lassa virus (josiah strain)-specific nucleoprotein and glycoprotein gene fragments by using reverse transcription combined with the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). our primers did not amplify the related lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. by using pcr, about 50 50% tissue culture infective doses could be detected in the supernatant of infected cells. furthermore, in all five serum specimens and four of five urine specimens ...19902279999
enhanced tumor susceptibility of immunocompetent mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.mice infected i.v. with high doses of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv; 10(5)-10(6) plaque-forming units) 8-10 days prior to challenge with the methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma tumor cell line mc57g or the melanoma cell line b16 tumor cells showed an enhanced tumor susceptibility with respect to both growth kinetics of the tumor and the minimal dose necessary for tumor take. after transient initial growth, mc57g tumor cells were all rejected by uninfected c57bl/6 mice by day 14. m ...19902289203
thymic mhc class i gene regulation of susceptibility to lymphocytic choriomeningitis.susceptibility of mice to intracerebral (i.c.) infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) depends on the lcmv isolate and host genes. we have previously shown that major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genes regulate susceptibility to lethal disease due to infection with the lcmv-docile isolate derived from the lcmv-ubc strain. the dq allele conferred dominant susceptibility whereas other h-2d region alleles tested (dd, dk, db and ds) conferred resistance. susceptibility l ...19902293422
systemic disease in peromyscus leucopus associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection.sixteen wild peromyscus leucopus, trapped for the establishment of a breeding colony, developed signs of neurological damage (trembling, incoordination, circling, head tilt, and lameness of the rear legs) 2-47 days after capture in southern wisconsin. spirochetes were cultured from the brain of 5/11 mice, and borrelia burgdorferi was cultured from 1 brain. a spirochete was isolated from the bladder of 1 mouse. the spirochete was identified by fluorescent antibody staining with the monoclonal ant ...19902316794
seromonitoring in small laboratory animal colonies. a five year survey: 1984-1988.from 1984 to 1988 one thousand serologic investigations of laboratory animal colonies originating from 10 different european countries were performed. the most prevalent infections in mouse stocks were caused by mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), minute virus of mice (mvm), theiler's encephalomyelitis virus (temv), reovirus type 3 (reo3), sendaivirus, and pneumonia virus of mice (pvm). in mice no infections with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcm), polyomavirus, mouse adenovirus, and k-virus were ...19902321435
cytotoxic t lymphocytes do not control lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of bb diabetes-prone rats.biobreeding worcester diabetes-prone (bbdp) rats develop insulin-dependent autoimmune-driven diabetes mellitus spontaneously and intravenous administration of 1 x 10(7) p.f.u. of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) to young adult mice prevents disease. the virus is lymphotropic, binding to and replicating in such cells. bbdp rats fail to generate virus-specific major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses when challenged with this dose or other doses o ...19902324708
inhibition of diabetes in bb rats by virus infection. ii. effect of virus infection on the immune response to non-viral and viral antigens.lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection prevents the usual insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus of aged bb rats (dyrberg, schwimmbeck & oldstone, 1988; schwimmbeck, dyrberg & oldstone, 1988). in this study earlier observations are extended by noting that lcmv infection substantially alters the immune responsesof bb diabetic-prone (dp) rats. the control, uninfected rats make vigorous primary and secondary antibody responses when challenged with keyhole limpet haemocyanin (klh), human i ...19902335372
demonstration of the antiviral role of natural killer cells in vivo with a natural killer cell-specific monoclonal antibody (nk 1.1).a monoclonal antibody (nk 1.1) to mouse natural killer (nk) cells selectively depleted nk cell activity in virus-infected mice without significantly depressing other immune functions, including the development of virus-specific cytotoxic t cells. nk cell depletion with this antibody resulted in markedly enhanced plaque-forming unit titers of some (murine cytomegalo, pichinde) but not other (mouse hepatitis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis) viruses. this confirms that nk cells do play a role in regu ...19902352539
antiviral cytotoxic t cell response induced by in vivo priming with a free synthetic peptide.induction in vivo of antiviral cytotoxic t cell response was achieved in a mhc class i-dependent fashion by immunizing mice three times with a free unmodified 15-mer peptide derived from the nucleoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in ifa. the effector t cells are cd8+, restricted to the class i ld allele of the analyzed mouse strain, and are specific both at the level of secondary restimulation in vitro and at the effector t cell level. these results suggest that cocktails of viral p ...19901692084
mutations in the alpha 1 domain of a class i gene define residues important for specific allorecognition.our strategy to use saturation mutagenesis to produce an unbiased collection of major histocompatibility class i mutants has resulted in unpredicted mutant phenotypes. first, we have shown data supporting our earlier work of the dp20(y27n) mutant. allorecognition is altered at the clonal level while no variation in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv)-restricted recognition is observed. the defect does not destroy the integrity of this class i protein on the basis of three observations: (i) ...19901693100
mode of replication of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in persistently infected cultivated mouse l cells.during persistent infection of mouse l cells with strain armstrong lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, the latter undergoes characteristic changes, including loss of mouse pathogenicity and failure to form plaques on cultivated cells. we call this virus l(arm) and have analyzed transcription and translation of its s-rna, which codes for the viral nucleoprotein (np) and the glycoprotein precursor (gp-c). in l(arm) virus-infected l cells, s-rna and genomic-sized viral complementary s-rna (vc-s-rna ...19901695411
viral escape by selection of cytotoxic t cell-resistant virus variants in vivo.viruses persist in an immune population, as in the case of influenza, or in an individual, as postulated for human immunodeficiency virus, when they are able to escape existent neutralizing antibody responses by changing their antigens. it is now shown that viruses can in principle escape the immunosurveillance of virus-specific cytotoxic t cells by mutations that alter the relevant t-cell epitope.19901696684
vaccination and protection from a lethal viral infection: identification, incorporation, and use of a cytotoxic t lymphocyte glycoprotein epitope.the outcome of infection by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) is determined largely by the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response of the host. in h-2b mice, the anti-glycoprotein (gp) response is directed to at least two epitopes, one located at gp aa 272-286 and a second in gp-1. here we show that the second epitope can be minimally identified by amino acid residues gp 34-40 (avynfat). the epitope is restricted by the db class i glycoprotein. characterization of these ctl epitopes allowe ...19901699348
restricted v-segment usage in t-cell receptors from cytotoxic t lymphocytes specific for a major epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus.cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) play an important role in recovery from a number of viral infections. they are also implicated in virus-induced immunopathology as best demonstrated in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection of adult immunocompetent mice. in the present study, the structure of the t-cell receptor (tcr) in lcmv-specific ctl in c57bl/6 (b6) mice was investigated. spleen t cells obtained from lcmv-infected mice were cultured in vitro with virus-infected stimulator cells an ...19901700830
breakdown of blood-brain barrier function in the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection mediated by virus-specific cd8+ t cells.intracerebral inoculation of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) generally results in a fatal t cell-mediated meningitis. in a previous study we have demonstrated a compromised blood-brain barrier (bbb) under such conditions. using semi-quantitative radiography and the low molecular tracer 2-amino-[1-14c]isobutyric acid we now demonstrate an uncompromised bbb in i.c. infected t cell-deficient nu/nu mice, but serious dysfunction in heterozygous littermates. transfer experiments were used to ...19911704015
antiviral antibodies attenuate t-cell-mediated immunopathology following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.the role of antiviral antibody in resistance to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection has been examined by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies and intracerebral challenge infection. protection of mice from lethal t-cell-mediated acute disease was observed following passive administration of antibodies either 1 day before or up to 2 days after infection. viral replication was suppressed in protected mice, and the cytotoxic t-cell response to virus was also diminished. virus was ...19911709692
major histocompatibility complex binding and t cell recognition of a viral nonapeptide containing a minimal tetrapeptide.the primary immune response of cytotoxic t lymphocytes in h-2d and h-2q mice to infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is directed mostly towards the common major t cell epitope of amino acids 112-132 on the viral nucleoprotein (np). the molecules responsible for presentation of the t cell epitope np112-132 are in both haplotypes the mhc class i l antigens (ld, lq). truncations of the amino and carboxy termini of the np 112-132 sequence revealed the nonapeptide rpqasgvym (np118-126) a ...19911709866
lower receptor avidity required for thymic clonal deletion than for effector t-cell function.clonal deletion in the thymus plays a major part in t-cell tolerance to self antigens. but the mechanism of negative selection, its fine specificity and the threshold of affinity and avidity remains unknown. we have now examined these aspects of negative selection with mice expressing a transgenic t-cell receptor with specificity for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) glycoprotein in association with the class i h-2db molecule. these mice were rendered tolerant to lcmv by neonatal infecti ...19911710780
isolation of an arenavirus from a marmoset with callitrichid hepatitis and its serologic association with disease.callitrichid hepatitis (ch) is an acute, often fatal viral infection of new world primates from the family callitrichidae. the etiologic agent of ch is unknown. we report here the isolation of an arenavirus from a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) with ch by using in vitro cultures of marmoset hepatocytes and vero-e6 cells. enveloped virions 67 to 133 nm in diameter with ribosomelike internal structures were seen in infected cultures. immunofluorescence and western immunoblot analysis using c ...19911712856
involvement of both t cell receptor v alpha and v beta variable region domains and alpha chain junctional region in viral antigen recognition.we have studied the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv)-specific cytotoxic t cell response in transgenic mice expressing either the t cell receptor (tcr) alpha (v alpha 2/j alpha ta31) or the corresponding tcr beta (v beta 8.1/d beta/j beta 2.4) chain originally isolated from the lcmv glycoprotein specific (residues 32-42), h-2db-restricted t cell clone p14. the expression of single transgenic tcr chains did not influence the corresponding endogenous tcr v gene usage in unstimulated t cell ...19911716213
hiv. games that viruses play. 19911721106
in vitro selection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus escape mutants by cytotoxic t lymphocytes.cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl)-mediated cytolysis is induced via the interaction of the specific t-cell antigen receptor and the peptidic viral antigen associated with the major histocompatibility complex class i antigen. here we demonstrate in vitro that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) can escape the cytotoxic activity of lcmv-specific cloned ctls by single amino acid changes within the recognized t-cell epitope defined by residues 275-289 of the lcmv glycoprotein [lcmv-gp-(275-289)]. l ...19911722316
[general immunologic fundamentals and an example of virally induced immunosuppression].cell mediated and humoral immune protection against virus infections are discussed in relation to development and use of recombinant vaccines in the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. in the same model, immunopathological aspects of t cell immunity to viruses are examined in the murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. this virus causes an acquired immunosuppression that is not caused by the virus itself but by cytotoxic antiviral t cd8+ effector t cells which destr ...19911724808
[virus induced acquired immunodeficiency: correlation with t cell mediated destruction of spleen and lymph node architecture].mice infected with the non-cytopathic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) develop a severe acquired immune suppression. this is caused by the elimination of virus infected antigen presenting cells by cytotoxic t cells leading to a severe destruction of the follicular organization of lymphoid organs. the impairment of immune functions may allow the virus to establish persistent infections in initially immunocompetent hosts.19911724834
activated t lymphocytes from mice infected by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus display high affinity il-2 receptors but do not proliferate in response to il-2.the i.v. injection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) initiates a rapid and long lasting immunodepression which can be monitored in vivo or in vitro. splenic t lymphocytes taken from mice infected for 7 days with lcmv are characterized by a low proliferative capacity in response to con a stimulation in vitro. in an initial attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating the general anergy induced by the viral infection, we have analyzed the transcription of il-2 and ...19911753103
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