Publications

hyperhomocysteinemia as a possible role for atherosclerosis in capd patients.	it has been shown that hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease. in this study, we measured total plasma homocysteine in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) patients and evaluated its correlation with atherosclerosis. subjects consisted of healthy volunteers, and hemodialysis (hd) and capd patients. fluoro-hplc was employed to estimate plasma levels of total homocysteine (hcy). plasma levels of total hcy were significantly higher in the capd patient ...	1994	7999846
the gene for familial dystonia with myoclonic jerks responsive to alcohol is not located on the distal end of 9q.	a gene (dyt1) for susceptibility to early-onset torsion dystonia in ashkenazi jewish and gentile kindreds is situated on chromosome 9q32-q34 in a 6-7 cm span between markers ak1 and ass. to determine whether transmission of familial dystonia with myoclonic jerks responsive to alcohol was consistent with a gene in this region, we studied the 37 members of a swedish family, of whom 20 were so affected. a lod score of < -2.00 from a two-point linkage analysis with six dna markers covering a 30 cm s ...	1994	8004804
characterization of a red blood cell antigen in donkeys and mules associated with neonatal isoerythrolysis.	a red cell antigen of donkeys and mules was identified using antibodies in serum from a mare which produced a mule foal affected with neonatal isoerythrolysis (ni). subsequently antibodies with similar activity were identified in the sera of other mares which had produced mule foals and were produced by immunization of horses with blood from donkeys. the antigen detected by these antibodies does not correspond to any recognized horse red cell alloantigen. this may be a xenoantigen since all donk ...	1994	8010529
contractility of lungs and air-tubes: experiments performed in 1840 by charles j.b. williams.	in the 18th century, some medical practitioners considered the main pathological feature of asthma to be the production of mucus. later, during the 19th century, airway smooth muscle contraction was recognized to be a possible cause of airflow obstruction. however, not until 1840 was the contractility of airway smooth muscle clearly established by charles j.b. williams, a famous london physician. in a number of innovative experiments in dogs, rabbits, livestock and even donkeys, he showed: 1) th ...	1994	8013615
genetic analysis of nucleotide triphosphatase activity in the mouse brain.	a ca(2+)- or mg(2+)-stimulated ecto-atpase is thought to regulate the hydrolysis of extracellular atp in nervous tissues. the hydrolysis of nucleotide triphosphates (ntps) was analyzed in brain microsomal fractions from crosses of dba/2j (d2) and c57bl/6j (b6) mice. the nucleotide triphosphatase (ntpase) activity was significantly reduced in d2 mice as compared to b6 mice, and b6d2f1 hybrids had activities intermediate to the parentals. a significant positive correlation was found between the hy ...	1994	8056315
relationship between plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations in hypertriglyceridaemic donkeys.	hyperinsulinaemia is a commonly-observed characteristic of insulin resistance, and a reduction in insulin sensitivity is thought to be either a causative and/or symptomatic feature of equine hyperlipaemia. a positive correlation (r = 0.545, p = 0.0015) existed between plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations determined in 31 donkeys with naturally occurring hyperlipidaemia/hyperlipaemia. greater insulin values tended to occur in the animals with an overweight body score. inter-animal varia ...	1994	8073193
animal reservoirs for trypanosoma cruzi infection in an endemic area in paraguay.	animal reservoirs for trypanosoma cruzi infection were investigated in 5 communities in the department of san pedro, currently one of paraguay's most highly endemic areas. a total of 112 domestic animals (37 cattle, 2 horses, 1 ass, 20 pigs, 44 dogs and 8 cats) and 4 wild animals (1 white-eared opossum, 2 yellow armadillos and 1 common long-nosed armadillo) were examined for blood. although no trypomastigotes were found by 2 direct observation methods, the microhaematocrit and giemsa stained thi ...	1994	8075219
sequences of two highly divergent canine type c lysozymes: implications for the evolutionary origins of the lysozyme/alpha-lactalbumin superfamily.	the amino acid sequences of two canine lysozymes, from milk and spleen, have been elucidated by direct sequence analyses of the purified proteins and fragments generated from them. the two enzymes are highly divergent, differing from each other by 45% in sequence, but each is closely similar to lysozymes previously obtained from other mammalian species. the milk lysozyme is similar in sequence to equine and donkey milk lysozymes (83% identity) and, like these enzymes, contains a bound ca2+ ion w ...	1994	8080284
comparative genetic analysis of swiss and spanish isolates of echinococcus granulosus by southern hybridization and random amplified polymorphic dna technique.	swiss and spanish isolates of echinococcus granulosus were compared using different molecular biological techniques: genomic dnas isolated from parasites originating from various intermediate hosts were subjected to southern hybridization with different probes, the same source of dna was used for dna amplification using the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique. with both methods the various isolates (metacestodes) of e. granulosus exhibited characteristic banding patterns which allo ...	1994	8087150
frequency and morpho-structural organization of the thyroid gland isthmus in horses, donkeys and small ruminants.		1994	7840946
hosts of lutzomyia shannoni (diptera: psychodidae) in relation to vesicular stomatitis virus on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a.	hosts of lutzomyia shannoni dyar, a suspected biological vector of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (vsnj) virus, were determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of 333 blood-fed female sandflies collected from their diurnal resting shelters on ossabaw island, georgia, u.s.a. sandflies had fed primarily on white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) (81%) and to a lesser extent on feral swine (sus scrofa) (16%), two species of host infected annually with ...	1994	7841487
postmitotic oligodendrocytes generated during postnatal cerebral development are derived from proliferation of immature oligodendrocytes.	the phenotype of proliferating glia is examined during postnatal rodent development by combining immunocytochemistry (icc) with 3h-thymidine autoradiography (arg) to identify cells in the s phase of the cell cycle. antibodies (abs) which are specific for cells in the oligodendrocyte (ol) lineage were utilized, with emphasis placed upon the proliferation of ols as it remains unclear whether this cell type divides in situ. the results show that proliferating cells stain with abs which are specific ...	1994	7843784
effect of d-ala-d-beta nal-ala-trp-d-phe-lys-nh2 (kp-102) on gh secretion in urethan-anesthetized rats.	the effect of a newly developed growth hormone (gh)-releasing hexapeptide (kp-102) on gh secretion was studied in urethan-anesthetized adult male rats. although kp-102 alone exerted a small influence on gh secretion, it produced a large plasma gh response in the presence of exogenous gh-releasing factor (grf). during the continuous infusion of grf, the somatotropes became refractory to a large bolus dose of grf, but kp-102 induced a marked increase of plasma gh. the gh response to kp-102 alone o ...	1994	7846295
detection, cloning and characterisation of papillomaviral dna present in sarcoid tumours of equus asinus.	molecular investigations on 18 naturally occurring sarcoid tumors removed from donkeys identified papillomaviral dna homologous to bovine papillomavirus (bpv)-2 dna under stringent conditions, in all the samples. restriction endonuclease analysis of 15 of the tumours demonstrated papillomaviral dna similar to bpv-1 and bpv-2. the type of dna was not specific to either the site or the type of lesion. the analysis of the nucleotide base sequence of a cloned papillomaviral element from a sarcoid sh ...	1994	7846835
workshop summary: donkey parasitology.		1994	7846859
the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 9q34 acts as a growth suppressor.	we have previously demonstrated allele loss in hamartomas from patients with tuberous sclerosis for markers spanning the tuberous sclerosis gene on chromosome 16q13.3 (tsc2). germline deletions in the tsc2 gene have been shown in 5% of patients with tuberous sclerosis (tsc). these data support our hypothesis that the tsc2 gene acts as a growth suppressor gene, analogous to the traditional tumour suppressor gene. we now report a tsc hamartoma showing allele loss for markers on chromosome 9q34 in ...	1994	7849709
sequence analyses of the p24 gene of borna disease virus in naturally infected horse, donkey and sheep.	by reverse transcriptase/pcr amplification and subsequent sequence determination of the p24 gene, the relatedness of borna disease virus (bdv) in various naturally infected animal species was determined. these results are indicative of a common ancestral virus pool and a remarkably low species barrier of bdv. comparison of 11 sequences to that of tissue culture adapted virus revealed that the homology among all isolates was at least 96.2% at the nucleotide level, and 97% at the amino acid level. ...	1994	7856315
effect of chronic renal failure on the abundance of mrna for enzymes of intermediary metabolism in kidney and liver.	in chronic renal failure (crf), renal ammoniagenesis and handling of ornithine cycle intermediates (ornithine, citrulline, and arginine) are disturbed. the present study examined the molecular mechanisms of these disturbances in kidney and liver of rats with moderate crf induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. the steady state level of mrna for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) in both kidney and liver were unaffected by crf. on the other hand, that for phospha ...	1994	7859037
children's informed consent to treatment: is the law an ass?		1994	7861423
malaria vaccine research.	in our report "activation of raf as a result of recruitment to the plasma membrane" (3 june, p. 1463) (1), panels e and f of figure 1 on page 1464 were incorrect. the correct photographs appear below. in addition, the [see figure in the pdf file] second sentence of the legend to figure 1 should have read, "the raf constructs were tagged at the cooh-terminus with a glu-glu epitope (meympme) (24) for c-raf, or at the nh(2)-terminus with both the glu-glu and the myc (meqkliseedl) (23) epitopes for ...	1994	7864993
ultrastructure of the hinny (equus asinus x equus caballus) seminiferous epithelium.	the gonads and the germinative cells of 3 male hinnies were studied with light and transmission electron microscopy with the aim to observe the development of germ cells and verify the morphological modifications due to the hybridization. the hinny seminiferous epithelium presented sertoli cells and spermatogonia with normal features and anomalous spermatocytes i. the other cells from the spermatogenic sequence were not seen. most of the alterations began to occur in the cytes i, which presented ...	1994	7887486
[hypoglycemic effect of saponin isolated from leaves of acanthopanax senticosus (rupr. et maxin.) harms].	the hypoglycemic effect of saponin isolated from the leaves of acanthopanax senticosus (ass) was studied. the results showed that ass(100, 200 mg/kg, ip) could decrease various cases of experimental hyperglycemias induced by injection of adrenaline, glucose and alloxan, without affecting the levels of blood sugar in normal mice.	1994	7893389
nematocera (ceratopogonidae, psychodidae, simuliidae and culicidae) and control methods.	the biology, veterinary importance and control of certain nematocera are described and discussed. culicoides spp. (family ceratopogonidae) transmit the arboviruses of bluetongue (bt), african horse sickness (ahs), bovine ephemeral fever (bef) and akabane. some other arboviruses have been isolated from these species, while fowl pox has been transmitted experimentally by culicoides. these insects are vectors of the parasitic protozoans leucocytozoon caulleryi and haemoproteus nettionis, and the pa ...	1994	7711309
[effects of the leaves of acanthopanax senticosus (rupr. et maxim.) harms. on myocardial infarct size in acute ischemic dogs].	effects of saponin isolated from the leaves of acanthopanax senticosus (ass) on myocardial infarct size were studied in acute ischemic dogs. the results showed that ass (in a dosage of 25.50 mg/kg, iv) could significantly reduce the sizes of acute myocardial infarcts and decline the serum ck and ldh activity at 6h after ligation of lad. it could also decrease the serum ffa levels at 3h and 6h after lad occlusion.	1994	7718140
equine viral arteritis in donkeys in south africa.		1994	7776331
serological relationship between a donkey alphaherpesvirus (isolate m7/91) and equid herpesvirus type 1 and 4.	rabbit hyperimmune serum prepared against a donkey alphaherpesvirus isolate (m7/91), and against ehv-1 and ehv-4 was used to characterise the antigenic relationship between these 3 viruses. serum from immunised rabbits was always more specific for homologous virus and showed different cross reactivity for heterologous virus. it was concluded that the immunologic relationship between the m7/91 isolate and ehv-1, was closer than that between this isolate and ehv-4. a serological survey of donkeys ...	1994	7776336
second locus for hirschsprung disease/waardenburg syndrome in a large mennonite kindred.	we have studied a large mennonite kindred in which 20 members were affected with hirschsprung disease (hscr), 5 of whom had one or more manifestations of waardenburg syndrome (ws) type ii (ws2). eleven additional relatives had signs of ws2 without hscr. since hscr and ws2 each represent perturbations of neural crest migration/differentiation, this large pedigree with apparent cosegregation of hscr and ws2 offered an opportunity to search for linkage between these loci, candidate genes, and rando ...	1994	7802041
[degradation of the constituents in solubilization process of donkey skin].	dry donkey skin, defatted in advance with hair scraped off, was separately solubilized by heating in sealed tubes at 130 degrees c for 2, 4, 6, 8h. the resultants were clarified and dried as ejiao, whose yield appeared to reach maximum after 4h heating. absorptivities of all four ejiao preparations were in good approximation to standard gelatin. however, their intrinsic viscosity declined in order of prolonged solubilization process, indicating that depolymerization of donkey skin gelatin had ta ...	1994	7811366
alterations in glomerular anionic sites in canine anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis with onset of severe proteinuria.	rabbit anti-glomerular basement membrane serum (agbm) or normal rabbit serum (nrs) were given intravenously (2 ml/kg body weight) to 8 male beagle dogs. light and transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were performed on the kidneys on day 7 postinjection. alterations of anionic sites (ass) of glomerular basement membrane (gbm) in peripheral, proximal, and paramesangial portions were studied quantitatively by electron microscopy using polyethyleneimine (pei; molecular weight = 1, ...	1994	7817121
localization of four antigenic sites involved in venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus protection.	stable neutralization and protection escape variants of a virulent strain (trinidad donkey) of the vee virus were selected by monoclonal antibodies (mabs). determination of nucleotide sequences of nine variants revealed a clustering of single mutations in four regions of the e1 and e2 glycoproteins. involvement of amino acid residues 206 (site e1-1), 57 and 59 (site e2-2), 180, 182, 213, 214 and 216 (site e2-6) and 232 (site e2-3) in protective epitopes was demonstrated.	1994	7529989
an investigation into the potential veterinary needs of a semi-rural low-income community.	the diagnostic phase of an interactive veterinary research evaluation model was used in the investigation into the potential veterinary needs of a low-income, semi-rural community. the economic status of households was estimated according to an economic situation score (esscore) and a subjective nutritional score (sns). data were gathered by means of structured interviews and direct observations. sixty-one per cent of the households (n = 190) owned animals. dogs were the animal most frequently o ...	1994	7595924
animal traction in south africa: research priorities in veterinary science.	during june 1994, members of numerous organisations with a vested interest in animal traction in south africa met for a one-day workshop, the initial activity of a forum on working animals. the workshop was sponsored by the foundation for research development in south africa. the individuals who attended were representatives of academic and government institutions, farmer and civic organisations, and included veterinarians and veterinary scientists, administrators, traction experts from the regi ...	1994	7602567
characterization of human wild-type and mutant argininosuccinate synthetase proteins expressed in bacterial cells.	argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) is a urea cycle enzyme with a tetrameric structure composed of identical subunits. citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a deficiency of ass. we have previously identified 20 mutations in ass mrna of human classical citrullinemia. however, it is difficult to evaluate the effects of each mutation on the enzyme structure and function, since most of the patients are compound heterozygotes. in the present study, wild-type ass and 12 mutant asss ...	1994	8792870
allosteric effects of the alkane-bis-ammonium compound w84 and of tacrine on [3h]pirenzepine binding at m1-receptors in rat cerebral cortex.	the bis-quaternary w84, hexamethylene-bis-[dimethyl-(3-phthalimidopropyl)-ammonium bromide], is a potent allosteric modulator of m2-cholinoceptors. in this study we aimed at quantifying its allosteric effect on the dissociation of [3h]pirenzepine from m1-cholinoceptors in rat cerebral cortex and to measure the effects on association and equilibrium binding of [3h]pirenzepine. for sake of comparison tacrine was included which is known to be a potent allosteric modulator of [3h]pirenzepine binding ...	1994	7899262
the butajira rural health project in ethiopia: mothers' perceptions and practices in the care of children with acute respiratory infections.	in ethiopia, a social anthropologist, a pediatrician, and a nurse project supervisor interviewed 15 mothers living in butajira district to learn about their current perceptions and practices in the care of children with acute respiratory infections (aris) in order to plan effective intervention programs for the butajira rural health project. all the mothers were familiar with measles and identified fever and rash as its major symptoms. since they tended to believe that modern medication keeps ...	1994	12320383
plasma disposition of amikacin and interactions with gastrointestinal microflora in equidae following intravenous and oral administration.	amikacin was detectable (> 0.02 micrograms/ml) in plasma for 12 h in horses and donkeys and for 8 h in ponies following intravenous (i.v.) administration at a dose rate of 6 mg/kg bodyweight. the elimination half-life (harmonic mean) of amikacin was 2.8, 1.6 and 1.9 h in horses, ponies and donkeys, respectively, and the mean body clearance was relatively slow (45.2, 82.4 and 58.0 ml/h.kg, respectively). a suitable dosage interval for the i.v. administration of amikacin sulphate to horses, ponies ...	1994	7966549
	donkey work: 'the ward round' by achille formis, is one of the paintings on show at the wellcome foundation in euston road, london nw1, as part of the look out! exhibition which 'explores experiences on the edge'. it moves to berkshire on april 27.	1994	27669845
dust, doctors, donkeys.		1994	7942390
the sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine (domosedan) in donkeys.	detomidine (domosedan) was administered to four groups of donkeys, using four different dosages (5, 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg bwt) intravenously. the drug provided adequate sedation at dosages of 5 and 10 micrograms/kg bwt. sedation deepened only slightly by increasing the dose. analgesia was considered good with a dose of 20 micrograms/kg, and 40 micrograms/kg provided a deep analgesia associated with a longer duration. no significant changes had been observed in haematocrit (pcv), haemoglobi ...	1995	8578910
tapeworm infection in donkeys.		1995	7638940
intravenous disposition kinetics, oral and intramuscular bioavailability and urinary excretion of norfloxacin nicotinate in donkeys.	an aqueous solution of norfloxacin nicotinate (nfn) was administered to donkeys (aquus asinus) intravenously (once at 10 mg/kg), intramuscularly and orally (both routes once at 10 and 20 mg/kg, and for 5 days at 20 mg/kg/day). blood samples were collected at predetermined times after each treatment and urine was sampled after intravenous drug administration. serum nfn concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. intravenous injection of nfn over 45-60 s resulted in seizures, profuse ...	1995	7629923
transport-induced stress responses in fed and fasted donkeys.	plasma endocrine and metabolic responses to transport for 30 minutes and four hours were investigated in six fed donkeys. in the unstressed animals there was a pulsatile secretion of cortisol at two-hour intervals, from minima of 51.4 +/- 17.6 nmol litre-1 to maxima of 160.0 +/- 11.0 nmol litre-1, but during transport this pulsatility was lost and the animals' stress response was characterised by steady high concentrations of 110 to 220 nmol litre-1. the cortisol concentration decreased after th ...	1995	7761693
[malaria knowledge and practice. medical study in songhay-zarma (niger)].	two randomized studies were performed in 1992 and 1994 in the niger river valley where malaria transmission is thought to be permanent and is reinforced during the rainy season. the sample covered 114 families either in niamey, the capital of niger, or in karma, a rural village 20 km to the west, and its surroundings. the questionnaire contained closed and open questions on the perception of malaria causes, treatment and prevention, including the use of mosquito bed nets. most of the 114 familie ...	1995	8777545
use of donkeys and their draught performance in smallholder farming in zimbabwe.	animal traction constitutes the most important source of power for agricultural work in smallholder farming in zimbabwe. two studies, a survey and a short term on-farm trial were conducted to evaluate the use of donkeys as draught animals. the survey covered 59 households in 2 smallholder farming areas. for the on-farm trial, 12 donkeys and 12 cattle were spanned separately in teams of 4 animals to plough 40 m x 70 m plots of medium textured soil. the survey findings highlighted the drought tole ...	1995	8966767
wesselsbron virus antibody in domestic animals in nigeria: retrospective and prospective studies.	retrospective and prospective serological surveys to determine the prevalence of wesslsbron (wsl) virus infections in animal populations were carried out in different vegetational zones in nigeria. sera from 1,492 animals comprising 292 camels, 81 horses, 4 donkeys, 320 cattle, 235 sheep, 260 goats, 114 pigs, 101 dogs and 85 domestic fowls were assayed by haemagglutination-inhibition (hi) test for presence of antibodies to wsl virus and other flavivirus antigens: yellow fever (yf), potiskum (pot ...	1995	7603342
[saccharomyces cerevisiae ade12 gene, coding for adenylosuccinate synthetase (ec 6.3.4.4). cloning, sequencing, expression, and superproduction].	the cloning and sequencing of saccharomyces cerevisiae ade12 gene encoding the structure of adenylsuccinate synthetase (ass) are reported for the first time. comparative analysis of all known ass sequences was carried out. regulation of ade12 gene expression by exogenic adenine was carried out. the properties of ass which was isolated and purified from overproducing yeast strain were examined.	1995	7603488
bloodfeeding behavior of anopheles sacharovi in turkey.	the feeding habits of anopheles sacharovi under natural conditions and in feeding rooms were investigated by use of the gel diffusion technique. mosquitoes were collected from various villages of cukurova and also from feeding rooms especially prepared for these experiments. human, cow, sheep, chicken, horse, and donkey were used as hosts in these rooms. the results showed that an. sacharovi is a zoophilic species. the females preferred donkey when human, cow, sheep, chicken, and horse were equa ...	1995	7616176
[prevention of reinfarction with 100 mg or 30 mg ass daily?].	the prevention of heart infarction with 100 mg aspirin is common practice in germany, in spite of the fact that it is based on only two small studies, the results of which are not generalized. over 14 years, several experimental and clinical studies have shown that 20-30 mg aspirin/d for pharmacokinetic reason selectively inhibit the thromboxane synthesis while the endogenous prostacyclin synthesis remains intact. prostacyclin plays an important cardioprotective role for the ischemic heart, havi ...	1995	7625094
seroepidemiological and molecular evidence for the presence of two h3n8 equine influenza viruses in china in 1993-94.	in may 1993, a severe epidemic of respiratory disease began in horses in inner mongolia and spread throughout horses in china. the disease affected mules and donkeys as well as horses but did not spread to other species, including humans. the severity of the disease raised the question of whether the outbreak might have been caused by the new avian-like influenza viruses detected in horses in china in 1989 or by current variants ofa/equine/miami/1/63 (h3n8) (equine-2) or by a reassortant between ...	1995	7636481
cloning and analysis of the cdna encoding the horse and donkey luteinizing hormone beta-subunits.	the coding regions of the horse (equus caballus) and donkey (e. asinus) luteinizing hormone (lh) beta-subunit transcripts were cloned from pituitary gland rna, in order to investigate their relationships to the corresponding equine chorionic gonadotropin (cg) beta-subunits and to further understand the unusual receptor-binding properties of equine lh and cg. the horse and donkey lh beta-subunit sequences were very similar (97% identity at the nucleotide (nt) level; 93% at the amino acid (aa) lev ...	1995	7642105
antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicocele in childhood and adolescence.	to test the efficacy of antegrade scrotal sclerotherapy (ass) for the treatment of varicocele in teenagers.	1995	7648061
hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia, and hepatic lipidosis in american miniature horses: 23 cases (1990-1994).	the medical records of 23 american miniature horses with hyperlipidemia, hyperlipemia, or hepatic lipidosis were reviewed. the most common clinical signs were anorexia and lethargy. the mean duration of clinical signs was 2.4 days. a primary disease was identified in 19 cases. enterocolitis was the most common primary disease (n = 10). intentional feed restriction, as part of treatment for colic, resulted in hyperlipemia in 2 horses and hyperlipidemia in 1. four horses had primary hyperlipemia, ...	1995	7649775
[thrombocyte function of healthy probands taking 50 mg of acetylsalicylic acid per day].	the antithrombotic effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ass) is attributed in part to its inhibitory action on platelet cyclooxygenase and, thereby, thromboxane a2 (txa2) formation. the therapeutic goal of low-dose ass regimens was the development of a preparation showing a high inhibitory capacity on platelet txa2 generation whilst leaving vascular prostaglandin i2 (pgi2) synthesis unaffected, thereby minimizing side effects. the effect of a new acid-resistant preparation of 50 mg ass (thrombo-ass 5 ...	1995	7676685
diffuse large cell lymphomas exhibit frequent deletions in 9p21-22 and 9q31-34 regions.	we have previously identified deletions of 9p and 9q in a cytogenetic analysis of a large series of non-hodgkin's lymphomas (nhls), which suggested loss of candidate tumor suppressor genes (tsgs). in order to define these deletions at the molecular level, we performed an loh analysis of a panel of paired normal and tumor dnas comprising 13 cases of diffuse lymphoma with a large cell component (dllc) and 18 cases of burkitt's lymphoma (bl). the loci tested comprised eight polymorphic probes mappe ...	1995	7534108
localization of a protective epitope on a venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus peptide that protects mice from both epizootic and enzootic vee virus challenge and is immunogenic in horses.	in order to define more precisely the protective epitope encoded within the first 25 amino acids (aa) of the e2 glycoprotein of the trinidad donkey strain of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) virus, we examined the immunogenicity of smaller peptides within the first 19 aa. pep1-9 and pep3-10 elicited virus-reactive antibody, but failed to protect mice from virus challenge. additionally, pep3-10 was identified by a competitive binding assay using overlapping peptide octamers as the putati ...	1995	7543231
caloric intake stimulates growth hormone secretion in food-deprived rats with anterolateral deafferentation of the medial basal hypothalamus or administered antiserum to somatostatin.	in rats, food deprivation inhibits episodic growth hormone (gh) secretion. on the basis of previous studies, we hypothesized that during a recovery from prolonged fasting, caloric intake stimulates the release of gh-releasing factor (grf) and this process does not depend on the specific macronutrients in the meal, while protein in the meal acts to restore characteristic ultradian rhythmicity of gh secretion. to test this hypothesis, the effect of caloric intake on gh secretion was examined in fa ...	1995	7550296
disposition of penicillin g sodium following intravenous and oral administration to equidae.	the present study was designed to determine and compare the plasma disposition and pharmacokinetics of penicillin g sodium following intravenous (i.v.) administration to horses, ponies and donkeys. the plasma disposition and pharmacokinetics of penicillin g was similar in horses, ponies and donkeys (elimination half-lives--39.0, 27.3 and 31.5 min, respectively) and a dosage interval of 6-8 h would be suitable to treat infections caused by susceptible bacteria. although penicillin g was absorbed ...	1995	7552196
pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene is highly expressed in the liver of adult-onset type ii citrullinemia.	deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass) causes citrullinemia. type ii citrullinemia is found in most patients with adult-onset citrullinemia in japan, and ass is deficient specifically in the liver. previous studies have shown that the decrease of hepatic ass activity is caused by a decrease in enzyme protein with normal kinetic properties and that there are no apparent abnormalities in the amount, translational activity, and nucleotide sequence of hepatic ass mrna. recent results of ho ...	1995	7556646
nature and frequency of mutations in the argininosuccinate synthetase gene that cause classical citrullinemia.	citrullinemia is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a genetic deficiency of argininosuccinate synthetase (ass). so far 20 mutations in ass mrna have been identified in human classical citrullinemia, including 14 single base changes causing missense mutations in the coding sequence of the enzyme, 4 mutations associated with an absence of exons 5, 6, 7, or 13 in mrna, 1 mutation with a deletion of the first 7 bases in exon 16 (which is caused by abnormal splicing), and 1 mutation with an in ...	1995	7557970
continuing prevalence of african horse sickness in nigeria.	equine sera collected from 10 widely separated regions throughout nigeria were tested for antibodies against african horse sickness viruses (ahsv) using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the animals sampled included imported, exotic horses, indigenous and locally cross-bred (local) horses and african donkeys. a high percentage of the sera (79.8%) were positive, confirming the continued prevalence of ahsv antibodies in nigerian horses and donkeys.	1995	7569227
donkey klossiellosis in kenya.	out of eight donkeys examined, two had gametogonic and sporogonic stages of klossiella equi in their kidneys. gametogonic stages included microgametocytes and macrogametocytes, some of them in syzygy. they were found in enlarged parasitophorous vacuoles situated in epithelial cells of the renal tubules. sporonts were seen in the epithelial cells protruding into the tubular lumen while sporoblasts, sporocysts and sporozoites were found freely in the tubular lumen. entire sporocysts were rarely en ...	1995	7571332
assumed oxygen consumption based on calculation from dye dilution cardiac output: an improved formula.	this study was performed because of observed differences between dye dilution cardiac output and the fick cardiac output, calculated from estimated oxygen consumption according to lafarge and miettinen, and to find a better formula for assumed oxygen consumption. in 250 patients who underwent left and right heart catheterization, the oxygen consumption vo2 (ml.min-1) was calculated using fick's principle. either pulmonary or systemic flow, as measured by dye dilution, was used in combination wit ...	1995	7588904
proteolytic cleavage of vp2, an outer capsid protein of african horse sickness virus, by species-specific serum proteases enhances infectivity in culicoides.	purified african horse sickness virus (ahsv) was fed, as part of a blood meal, to adult females from a susceptible colony of culicoides variipennis, established in the insectories at the institute for animal health, pirbright laboratory, uk. the meal consisted of heparinized blood obtained from ovine, bovine, equine (horse and donkey) or canine sources spiked with ahsv serotype 9 (ahsv9). the infectivity levels observed for c. variipennis varied significantly, according to the source of the bloo ...	1995	7595366
linkage analysis of the nail-patella syndrome.	nail-patella syndrome (nps) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by dysplasia of nails and patella, decreased mobility of the elbow, iliac horns, and, in some cases, nephropathy. the disorder has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 9, but the precise localization and identity of the nps gene are unknown. linkage analysis in three nps families, using highly informative dinucleotide repeat polymorphisms on 9q33-q34, confirmed linkage of nps to this chromosome. recombinations were ...	1995	7825584
6 alpha-biotinylated estrone: novel tracer in competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay of estrone in serum.	we describe the development and validation of a labeled-hapten competitive immunoassay for determining total estrone in serum. for the hapten tracer we use the 6 alpha-biotinylated estrone derivative, 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one 6 alpha-n-(epsilon-biotinyl)aminocaproamide (bio-e1). a specific polyclonal rabbit anti-estrone antibody is indirectly bound via an immobilized donkey anti-rabbit antibody on microtiter plate wells. the amount of bio-e1 bound is then measured with streptavidin- ...	1995	7720247
equine parafilariosis in iran.	from march to september 1991, horses (n = 1567), donkeys (n = 112) and mules (n = 96) were examined for equine parafilariosis by random sampling from different areas of iran. the clinical signs of equine parafilariosis were observed in 136 cases of two northern areas (1.4% and 41.3% infection rate) and one northeastern area (6.3% infection rate). most of the infected cases were confirmed by laboratory findings. all infected cases were followed up to establish the epidemiological features. the re ...	1995	7732643
optimization and validation of an elisa to measure specific guinea pig igg1 antibody as an alternative to the in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay.	assessment of the allergenic potency of enzymes involves the use of a guinea pig model in which specific igg1 antibody titers are used as the endpoint. the in vivo passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) assay is used to measure specific igg1 antibody. this report describes the development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to measure guinea pig specific igg1 antibody as an in vitro alternative to the pca assay. cross reactivity of various rabbit and mouse (monoclonal) an ...	1995	7737435
neonatal isoerythrolysis in mule foals.	four mule foals received anti-rbc antibody from their dam's colostrum. two foals developed anemia, 1 developed severe thrombocytopenia, and 1 did not develop any clinical or laboratory abnormalities. all foals had the same donkey sire. seven mares, including the dams of foals 1 to 4, bred to the donkey sire produced anti-rbc antibody. two mares produced anti-rbc antibody to the donkey rbc on the first mating. the donkey sire and 18 of its offspring were found to have an rbc antigen unique to mul ...	1995	7744666
clinical, virological and serological responses of donkeys to intranasal inoculation with the ky-84 strain of equine arteritis virus.	the clinical, virological and serological responses of seven female donkeys (equus asinus) to inoculation with the ky-84 strain of equine arteritis virus (eav), a strain that causes moderate to severe clinical signs in horses, was investigated. in the donkeys, the only clinical signs observed were fever (mainly 3-9 days after inoculation), mild depression in four animals, and a slight nasal or ocular discharge in three. all of the donkeys became infected with eav as shown by recovery of the viru ...	1995	7769149
practical questions about therapy of hypertension with ace inhibitors. j. scholze, berlin, on the 24-hour effect, possible combinations and side-effects of ace inhibitors--ass/antirheumatic agents.		1995	7713469
[anesthetic management for a patient with citrullinemia and liver cirrhosis].	we successfully anesthetized a 53-year-old female with hypercitrullinemia and severe liver cirrhosis. the hypercitrullinemia was accompanied with chronic hepatic encephalopathy due to hyperammonemia, which resulted from decreased activity of one of the urea cycle enzymes, argininosuccinate synthetase (ass). she was scheduled for replacement arthroplasty of a fractured femoral neck. she suffered a consciousness disturbance due to hyperammonemia, which was successfully treated by oral administrati ...	1995	7699832
features of the dna fingerprinting probe pitz1.	stringently controlled plasmids generate dna fingerprint patterns in mammals when used at low hybridization temperatures. in order to develop a probe for use in paternity testing in cattle we screened a bovine, partial genomic plasmid library with the pcr-amplified ori region of plasmid p1. of eight isolated clones one generated strong band patterns at high stringency in various mammalian species (data not shown). sequence analysis revealed an imperfect, compound dinucleotide repeat region, whic ...	1995	7702209
attenuation of acute inflammatory effects of silica in rat lung by 21-aminosteroid, u74389g.	chemical alteration of the glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone, has led to the introduction of a new class of compounds called the 21-aminosteroids (21-ass). the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the 21-as, u74389g, on silica-induced acute lung injury. male fischer 344 rats were treated intraperitoneally with saline or u74389g in a total dose of 15 mg/kg divided into three injections of 5 mg/kg separated by 4 h. following the first treatment, animals from the two groups were ...	1995	7705890
inhibition of acrosin by serpins. a suicide substrate mechanism.	the serpins antithrombin, protease nexin 1, and alpha 1-antitrypsin with a reactive-center arginine (arg-alpha 1-antitrypsin) were found to inhibit the sperm protease acrosin with varying efficiency. the serpins were titrated against acrosin to determine their specific activity with respect to this enzyme. while antithrombin was fully active against acrosin, more than one molecule of arg-alpha 1-antitrypsin and protease nexin 1 was required to inhibit one molecule of acrosin. in particular, only ...	1995	7893664
osteosynthetic reconstruction in a patient with gardner-diamond syndrome.	based on clinical observations in one female patient who suffered from gardner-diamond syndrome, we noticed that surgery can be performed without any bleeding complications, although operations normally are contraindicated in persons with this condition. additionally, a correlation seems to exist between ass and sexual and hormonal maturity.	1995	7897725
the primary elastase inhibitor (elastasin) and trypsin inhibitor (contrapsin) in the goat are serpins related to human alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin.	two primary serine proteinase inhibitors in goat plasma have been isolated and characterized. the n-terminal sequence analysis of the purified proteins revealed that they are closely related to each other and are highly homologous to human alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin rather than alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. however, despite structural similarities the inhibitory specificity of the goat inhibitors differed from each other and from that of anti-chymotrypsin. in contrast with human anti-chymotrypsin ...	1995	7864809
enhanced sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies in a variant of equine infectious anemia virus is linked to amino acid substitutions in the surface unit envelope glycoprotein.	serial passage of the prototype (pr) cell-adapted wyoming strain of equine infectious anemia virus (eiav) in fetal donkey dermal (fdd) rather than fetal horse (designated fetal equine kidney [fek]) cell cultures resulted in the generation of a variant virus strain which produced accelerated cytopathic effects in fdd cells and was 100- to 1,000-fold more sensitive to neutralizing antibodies than its parent. this neutralization-sensitive variant was designated the fdd strain. although there were d ...	1995	7853482
specific restrictions in the progression of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-induced disease resulting from single amino acid changes in the glycoproteins.	the pathogenesis of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (vee) was examined in the mouse model using v3000, a virus derived from a molecular clone of the trinidad donkey strain of vee. these results were compared in parallel experiments with avirulent mutants of vee derived by site-directed mutagenesis of the clone. adult mice, inoculated subcutaneously in their left rear footpad with v3000, were followed in a time course study for 6 days in which 15 organs were tested for histopathological chan ...	1995	7856110
nucleotide sequence of exons 5 to 9 of the p53 tumour-suppressor gene of the donkey (equus asinus).	the evolutionary conserved region of the equine homologue of the p53 gene from the donkey genome was pcr amplified and cloned. the 1380 bp fragment consisted of exons 5 to 9 and the intervening introns. the exonic and intronic dna sequences showed a variable but high level of homology with previously published human sequences. the aminoacid sequences corresponding to the evolutionary conserved domains ii, iii, and v were identical to the human regions, whilst domain iv was 96% homologous.	1995	8746464
[argininosuccinate synthetase (ass)].		1995	8753462
transforming growth factor beta 1 expression in the endometrium of the mare during placentation.	in situ hybridization, northern blotting, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (tgf beta 1) in the endometrium of the mare during the first 150 days of pregnancy (term = 330-340 days). in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide (45mer) probe, based on a homologous region within all known mammalian tgf beta 1 dna sequences, demonstrated tgf beta 1 mrna accumulation in the glandular and lumenal epithelial cells of the endomet ...	1995	8562058
equine pulmonary disease: a case control study of 300 referred cases. part 2: details of animals and of historical and clinical findings.	examination of historical and clinical details of 270 adult horses suffering from a variety of mainly chronic pulmonary diseases showed that the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) group (median age 9 years) were the oldest, and that the copd, chronic idiopathic hypoxaemia and exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (eiph) groups had the longest duration of disease (median durations 7, 12 and 9 months, respectively) with a median disease duration of 2 months for the remaining horses. a h ...	1995	8565938
inverted repeats are necessary for circularization of the mouse testis sry transcript.	circular non-polyadenylated rna molecules have been identified as stable transcription products of the human ets-1 and mouse sry genes. rna circularization has been proposed to require two steps. the first step utilizes intramolecular base pairing to produce a transient stem-loop structure. the second step involves splicing a downstream donor splice site (dss) to a now closely appositioned upstream acceptor splice site (ass) within the loop. we demonstrate that the presence of long inverted repe ...	1995	8566785
the argg gene of streptomyces clavuligerus has low homology to unstable argg from other actinomycetes: effect of amplification on clavulanic acid biosynthesis.	the argg gene of streptomyces clavuligerus (scl) has been cloned by complementation of argg mutants of escherichia coli and s. lividans (sl). the argg nucleotide (nt) sequence showed that it corresponds to a new type of argg different from the corresponding genes of s. coelicolor (sco) and sl. it encodes a 43,250-da protein that showed higher similarity to argininosuccinate synthetases (ass) from methanococcus vannielii and methanosarcina barkeri than to ass deduced from other streptomyces argg. ...	1995	8566818
[response to the letter by k. schrör on: prevention of reinfarction with 100 mg or 30 mg ass daily].		1995	8578789
[aspirin dosage for prevention of cerebral infarct: arguments for low dosage].	acetylsalicylic acid (ass) is one of the best examined substances used in secondary prevention after tia and stroke. since different strategies and measurement variables were used in numerous randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (one end-variable, such as non-fatal stroke, myocardium infarction and vascular mortality, or combined end-variables, such as tia, stroke and death), meta-analysis was necessary to prove that ass resulted in about 22% reduction of secondary stroke. there ...	1995	8584072
[dna fingerprinting in wild equid and poitou ass breeding].		1995	8584876
sexual and in-contact transmission of asinine strain of equine arteritis virus among donkeys.	two in a group of five naturally seropositive donkey stallions were found to shed equine arteritis virus (eav) in their semen as demonstrated by virus isolation. direct intramuscular inoculation of sonicated semen from one virus-shedding stallion (s3) caused clinical disease in two donkeys from which virus was recovered and in which seroconversion was detected. sexual transmission was confirmed in two mares mated to s3 when after a febrile response during which eav was isolated from huffy coats ...	1995	8586720
cyanide poisoning in two donkeys.	in november 1994 2 donkeys died acutely in a pasture at danby, new york. at necropsy at the new york state college of veterinary medicine, cornell university, no significant gross or histopathological lesions were found in either donkey. after the death of the second donkey, a toxic cause was suggested. stomach contents submitted for toxicologic analysis from the second donkey were positive for cyanide. together with the history and clinical signs, this result provided the basis for a diagnosis ...	1995	8588299
pharmacokinetics, intramuscular bio-availability, and bioequivalence of amoxycillin in donkeys.	the disposition kinetics of intravenously (i.v.) administered amoxycillin sodium (10 mg/kg) was determined in four adult donkeys. the elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) of 47.3 +/- 5.1 min, the apparent volume of distribution (varea) of 0.325 +/- 0.093 l/kg and the total body clearance (clb) of 4.76 +/- 1.33 ml/min.kg were very close to the corresponding values reported for the horse injected i.v. with amoxycillin sodium. it was evident that because of the rapid rate of drug elimination, limited ...	1995	8592903
prevalence in india of dermatophilus congolensis infection in clinical specimens from animals and humans.	a total of 257 samples (from 51 cattle, 43 buffalo, 32 goats, 25 dogs, 23 horses, 14 fowl, 9 camels, 7 rabbits, 5 donkeys, 4 antelopes, 3 pigs, 2 monkeys, 1 bear and 38 humans, all with cutaneous disorders) were examined for the presence of dermatophilus congolensis using standard microbiological techniques. dermatophilus was identified in 14 specimens (5.45%) both by direct microscopy and by cultural isolation of the pathogen from cutaneous specimens. the infection was recorded in 2 humans, 6 c ...	1995	8593415
intra- and inter-observer agreement of brain mri lesion volume measurements in multiple sclerosis. a comparison of techniques.	the measurement of mri lesion load in multiple sclerosis is increasingly being used to evaluate the natural history of the disease and to monitor the efficacy of treatments. if, as might occur in multicentre studies, lesion load is measured by several observers in different patients or by the same observer in serial scans, it would be necessary to utilize a technique which provides results with high inter- and intra-observer agreements. this study was performed to evaluate the intra- and inter-o ...	1995	8595488
presence of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells and expression of mhc class i and mhc class ii antigen in horses with borna disease virus-induced encephalitis.	tissues from 9 horses and 1 donkey suffering from natural borna disease were investigated immunomorphologically. lymphocytic inflammatory reactions and increased expressions of mhc class i and class ii antigen were found in the brain as well as in the trigeminal and olfactory system. perivascular inflammatory infiltrates were dominated by cd4+ t cells, whereas the majority of cd8+ t cells were disseminated intraparenchymally. no evidence of inflammation was found in the retina. borna disease vir ...	1995	8520721
physical characterization of mmvf for risk assessment.	size and other physical properties of mmvf play a central role in risk assessment. they can be affected by, for example, conditions during manufacturing, and preparation prior to administration to experimental animals or cells. it is suggested that a necessary requirement for stating that an experiment has been repeated should be documented evidence that: (i) the administered fibres are alike when analysed with not less than a minimum number of well-established methods on single fibre and on bul ...	1995	8526398
survival and morphology of isolated pancreatic acinar cells from rats with induced acute pancreatitis are not improved with anti-inflammatory drugs.	the influence from anti-inflammatory drugs on cellular damage of pancreatic acinar cells after induction of an acute pancreatitis (ap) in a rat model was investigated. necrotizing pancreatitis was induced by retrograde instillation of trypsin solution in the pancreatic duct (group i). the severity of inflammation was determined using morphological and histological parameters 6, 24, and 48 h after induction of the necrotizing pancreatitis. after isolation of acinar cells, the degree of damage was ...	1995	8530830
distribution and characterization of the melatonin receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of three domestic ungulates.	with some exceptions, in most of the mammals the pituitary pars tuberalis and the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei are reportedly the main targets for the pineal hormone melatonin. however, it is not known if the conspicuous diversity in the distribution pattern of melatonin binding sites in these areas depicts differences in reproductive behavior observed in the seasonally breeding species in the temperate zones. we explored the distribution and the characteristics of melatonin binding sites ...	1995	8531051
the nucleotide sequence of asinine herpesvirus 3 glycoprotein g indicates that the donkey virus is closely related to equine herpesvirus 1.	the nucleotide sequence of the glycoprotein g (gg) homologue of asinine herpesvirus 3 (ahv3), a respiratory alphaherpesvirus of donkeys, was determined. the ahv3 gg gene consists of 1233 base pairs (bp) and codes for a predicted protein of 411 amino acids. this is identical in size to the equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv1) gg gene and 6 amino acids longer than the equine herpesvirus 4 (ehv4) gg gene. the predicted amino acid sequence of ahv3 gg has characteristics of a class 1 membrane protein. the ami ...	1995	7487497
determination of gold in biological materials by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry with a molybdenum tube atomizer.	electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (eta-ass) of gold with a molybdenum tube atomizer has been investigated. a sensitive eta-aas method was developed. the gold absorption signal became higher with the heating rate of the tube atomizer and as the ratio of hydrogen in the argon purge gas decreased. the optimal heating rate and the optimal gas flow rate were 5.5 c/msec and ar 480 ml/min + h(2) 20 ml/min, respectively. the absolute characteristic mass (the mass of element giving 0.0044 abs ...	1995	18966226
tensammetric determination of non-ionic surfactants combined with bias separation procedure (wickbold) 2. optimisation of the precipitation and investigation of interferences.	the precipitation step in the developed procedure (bias-itm) was optimised with the aim of achieving a lower detection limit. losses during filtration using triton x-100 as representative non-ionic surfactant (ns), the indirect tensammetric method (itm) and adsorptive stripping tensammetry (adst) for the determination of the concentration of the surfactant in the precipitate and in the filtrate were investigated. the g4 glass filter recommended up to now was found to be insufficiently effective ...	1995	18966351
studies on the extraction of copper(ii) with 4-alkyldithiocarboxylate derivatives of 1-phenyl-3,5-dioxopyrazolidine.	the extraction behaviour of copper(ii) from acid solutions (ph 0-6) was studied with the new reagent 4-alkyldithiocarboxylate-3,5-dihydroxy-l-phenylpyrazol (hl; alkyl = n-butyl, n-dodecyl). the species extracted was found to be ml(2). the reagent was used to separate copper(ii) from iron(iii) in an acidic lixiviation solution of a mineral sample composed of enarguite (cu(3)ass(4)) and pyrite (fes(2)). additionally, the extraction efficiency of this new reagent was compared with the commercially ...	1996	18966517