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[intrathecal infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects nigral dopaminergic neurons from degenerative changes in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced monkey parkinsonian model].protective effect of bdnf on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons was evaluated with mptp-induced parkinsonian model in monkey. twelve adult female japanese monkeys weighing about 7kg were lesioned with systemic infusion of mptp according to the following dosing schedules. group i: normal control (n = 2), group ii: continuous infusion of 15mg of mptp with osmotic minipump (alzet: 2ml2, mean pumping rate 5 microliters/hour) for 14 days (n = 2), group iii: bolus injections of 5mg of mptp on day 0, 4 ...19958582706
[populational differences of vocal behavior in japanese monkeys].this study suggested the possibility of vocal learning in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) by examining populational differences in the calls of individuals from two populations, the ohirayama and yakushima. genetic variability of these two populations is very small. japanese monkeys emit a class of contact calls known as the "coo" call. the coo calls of 41 subjects (30 animals from the ohirayama group and 11 animals from the yakushima group) were analyzed spectrographically. there are signi ...19958544365
foraging synchrony in a group of yakushima macaques (macaca fuscata yakui).the synchrony of behaviour among individuals in a group of yakushima macaques was evaluated in relation to group size and food resources. the degree of synchrony was greater when the group was small (5-8 individuals) than when it was large (15-19 individuals). diet did not affect the degree of synchrony. however, the duration of the 'active phase', in which most members of the group synchronized feeding and moving, was shorter when they fed mostly on fruit and seeds (fruit- and seed-eating seaso ...19958613125
[intrathecal infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor protects nigral dopaminergic neurons from degenerative changes in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced monkey parkinsonian model].protective effect of bdnf on nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons was evaluated with mptp-induced parkinsonian model in monkey. twelve adult female japanese monkeys weighing about 7kg were lesioned with systemic infusion of mptp according to the following dosing schedules. group i: normal control (n = 2), group ii: continuous infusion of 15mg of mptp with osmotic minipump (alzet: 2ml2, mean pumping rate 5 microliters/hour) for 14 days (n = 2), group iii: bolus injections of 5mg of mptp on day 0, 4 ...19958582706
basilar arterial construction caused by intracisternal ng-nitro-l-arginine in anesthetized monkeys.the present study was designed to determine whether tonic nitric oxide (no)-mediated vasodilator innervation participates in basilar arterial dilatation in the anesthetized japanese monkey.19958595610
matrilineal distribution of louse egg-handling techniques during grooming in free-ranging japanese macaques.grooming behavior of which the primary function appears to be the removal of lice on other (tanaka and takefushi [1993] anthropological science 101:187-193) was studied in japanese maceques at jigokudani monkey park, japan, june 1990-july 1993. several louse egg-handling techniques used during grooming were identified (with differences in efficiency) in a free-ranging group. in the low-ranking maternal lineages, the distribution of these techniques is quite homogeneous, suggesting social transmi ...19958644879
effects of helicobacter pylori infection on gastric mucosal defense factors in japanese monkeys.the pathogenic role played by helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosal defense was investigated in japanese monkeys infected with h. pylori. serum gastrin levels and ammonia concentrations in gastric juice were compared in h. pylori-infected (n = 6) and control (n = 7) groups. the gastritis score, the intracellular content of periodic acid-schiff (pas)-positive substance and hexosamine, and the bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) labeling index in the gastric mucosa were compared in the two groups in the ant ...19957550852
effects of helicobacter pylori infection on gastric mucosal defense factors in japanese monkeys.the pathogenic role played by helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosal defense was investigated in japanese monkeys infected with h. pylori. serum gastrin levels and ammonia concentrations in gastric juice were compared in h. pylori-infected (n = 6) and control (n = 7) groups. the gastritis score, the intracellular content of periodic acid-schiff (pas)-positive substance and hexosamine, and the bromodeoxyuridine (brdu) labeling index in the gastric mucosa were compared in the two groups in the ant ...19957550852
immune recognition of genetically diverse simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i isolates.nucleotide sequence analysis of selected regions of the gag, pol, env and px genes of simian t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (stlv-i) strains indicated that african isolates were more closely related to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) than asian isolates. despite these recent comparative studies on nucleotide sequence homology between htlv-i and stlv-i isolates, only limited information is available regarding the influence of genetic differences on antigen-antibody recognition o ...19957535998
odontoameloblastoma in a japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). 19957536982
basal cell tumor in a japanese macaque (macaca fuscata).a rare case of basal cell tumor of the skin in a wild-caught female japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) was studied. tumor growth, which was composed of cells resembling basal cells, was observed in the dermis and subcutis and showed a mixture of ribbon, solid, glandular, and cystic patterns. the tumor was separated from surrounding normal tissue by a compressed zone of fibrous connective tissue. the nuclei were round and hyperchromatic and possessed a single centrally located nucleolus. mitotic f ...19957604501
reproductive senescence in female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata): age- and season-related changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian functions and fecundity rates.age- and season-related changes in gonadotropin-gonadal functions were studied in captive female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata), with special reference to reproductive senescence. in experiment 1, a total of 57 nonlactating females at ages 3-32 yr were used. blood samples were collected for at least one breeding season (september through march), and changes in plasma concentrations of lh, estradiol, and progesterone were examined. in experiment 2, two groups of females (older females, ...19957632833
reproductive senescence in female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata): age- and season-related changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian functions and fecundity rates.age- and season-related changes in gonadotropin-gonadal functions were studied in captive female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata), with special reference to reproductive senescence. in experiment 1, a total of 57 nonlactating females at ages 3-32 yr were used. blood samples were collected for at least one breeding season (september through march), and changes in plasma concentrations of lh, estradiol, and progesterone were examined. in experiment 2, two groups of females (older females, ...19957632833
generators of somatosensory evoked potentials investigated by dipole tracing in the monkey.generators of somatosensory evoked potentials, elicited by electrical stimulation of the median nerve in anaesthetized monkeys (macaca fuscata), were investigated by submitting a three-dimensional reconstructed brain model to dipole tracing, which can equate surface potential distributions to an approximate corresponding equivalent dipole. the following components of the somatosensory evoked potentials were simultaneously recorded from 21-27 epidural electrodes: p7 (the letter indicates positive ...19957477944
an anterograde-retrograde labeling study of the carotid sinus nerve of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata).the sites of origin and termination of efferent and afferent fibers in the carotid sinus nerve (csn) were investigated in the japanese monkey. after application of a mixture of horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and wheat germ aggulutinin-conjugated hrp to the central cut end of the csn, sensory ganglion neurons were labeled in the jugular ganglion of the vagus nerve, as well as in the superior and petrosal ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve. many sympathetic ganglion neurons were also labeled retr ...19957478303
rosette formation by plasmodium coatneyi-infected erythrocytes of the japanese macaque (macaca fuscata).we studied in vitro the spontaneous rosette formation by red blood cells of a japanese macaque infected with plasmodium coatneyi, which occurred after 30 hr of incubation. rosette formation involved 88% of parasitized red blood cells (prbcs). spontaneous rosettes were formed when the ring-stage parasites developed into late trophozoites or schizonts. a rosette usually consisted of a prbc surrounded by three or more uninfected erythrocytes. electron microscopic examination revealed that interacti ...19957573716
effect of guglielmi detachable coils on experimental carotid artery aneurysms in primates.clinical experience has established that intravascularly placed metal coils can be a useful treatment for cerebral vascular aneurysms. however, the mechanism by which the coils induce occlusion of the aneurysm is unclear. appropriate use of this promising treatment modality requires basic understanding of the occlusive process. we used an animal model system of experimentally induced carotid aneurysms to investigate the initial events induced by guglielmi detachable coils (gdcs), as well as the ...19957482653
effect of guglielmi detachable coils on experimental carotid artery aneurysms in primates.clinical experience has established that intravascularly placed metal coils can be a useful treatment for cerebral vascular aneurysms. however, the mechanism by which the coils induce occlusion of the aneurysm is unclear. appropriate use of this promising treatment modality requires basic understanding of the occlusive process. we used an animal model system of experimentally induced carotid aneurysms to investigate the initial events induced by guglielmi detachable coils (gdcs), as well as the ...19957482653
immunocytochemical localization of l-alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase in dense bar of dumb-bell-shaped peroxisomes of monkey kidney.localization of the b of l-alpha hydroxyacid oxidase (hox-b) in monkey kidney peroxisomes was investigated by immunoelectron microscopic techniques. kidneys of japanese monkeys, macaca fuscata, were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde + 0.25% glutaraldehyde and embedded in lr white resin. thin sections were stained for hox-b and catalase by the immunogold technique. hox-b was localized in the marginal plates of normal peroxisomes and the dense bar of dumb-bell-shaped peroxisomes. catalase was detecte ...19957584560
immunocytochemical localization of l-alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase in dense bar of dumb-bell-shaped peroxisomes of monkey kidney.localization of the b of l-alpha hydroxyacid oxidase (hox-b) in monkey kidney peroxisomes was investigated by immunoelectron microscopic techniques. kidneys of japanese monkeys, macaca fuscata, were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde + 0.25% glutaraldehyde and embedded in lr white resin. thin sections were stained for hox-b and catalase by the immunogold technique. hox-b was localized in the marginal plates of normal peroxisomes and the dense bar of dumb-bell-shaped peroxisomes. catalase was detecte ...19957584560
thalamic distribution of projection neurons to the primary motor cortex relative to afferent terminal fields from the globus pallidus in the macaque monkey.to examine quantitatively the pathway from the internal segment of the globus pallidus to the primary motor cortex through the thalamus, we compared the distribution of thalamocortical neurons projecting to the motor cortex with the distribution of afferent terminal fields from the pallidum in the ventrolateral nuclear group of the thalamus in four japanese monkeys by using the anterograde and retrograde double-labeling method. in each monkey, different fluorescent retrograde tracers (fast blue ...19957538516
functional and histopathologic studies of primate pulmonary allografts preserved for 24 hours with a form of modified extracellular solution.the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of a solution (ep4) for long-term hypothermic pulmonary allograft preservation in a primate model using both functional and histopathologic criteria.19957544618
functional and histopathologic studies of primate pulmonary allografts preserved for 24 hours with a form of modified extracellular solution.the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of a solution (ep4) for long-term hypothermic pulmonary allograft preservation in a primate model using both functional and histopathologic criteria.19957544618
expression of basement membrane components in the dental papilla mesenchyme of monkey tooth germs--an immunohistochemical study.the present work, which employs indirect immunoperoxidase methods, demonstrates electron microscopic localization of three major basement membrane (bm) components--type iv collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan--at the early stages of odontogenesis in tooth germs of the japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). intense immunostaining for each examined component occurred at the interface between the inner enamel epithelium and the dental papilla mesenchyme. at higher magnification, immunore ...19957554936
thalamic distribution of projection neurons to the primary motor cortex relative to afferent terminal fields from the globus pallidus in the macaque monkey.to examine quantitatively the pathway from the internal segment of the globus pallidus to the primary motor cortex through the thalamus, we compared the distribution of thalamocortical neurons projecting to the motor cortex with the distribution of afferent terminal fields from the pallidum in the ventrolateral nuclear group of the thalamus in four japanese monkeys by using the anterograde and retrograde double-labeling method. in each monkey, different fluorescent retrograde tracers (fast blue ...19957538516
subclinical renal oxalosis in wild-caught japanese macaques (macaca fuscata).various degrees of crystal deposition were found in the kidneys of 12 out of 59 japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) caught in the wild in gifu, japan. the needle- or rod-shaped crystals, which were radially arranged and occurred in the lumen and epithelium of the renal (mainly the proximal) tubules, were birefringent under polarized light. they stained with alizarin red s at a ph of 7.0 but not 4.2, and were identified as calcium oxalate. the morphological features of the renal lesions were simil ...19957769143
192ir induced radiation damage in monkey brain assessed with magnetic resonance imaging and histological examination.the effects of irradiation on a large volume of normal brain tissue as occurs in interstitial brachytherapy were investigated. double iridium-192 seed assemblies were stereotactically implanted into the right centrum semiovale of eight adult japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). the morphological changes induced in the normal brain tissue were evaluated with magnetic resonance (mr) imaging with and without gadolinium-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (gd) enhancement at 2 days and 1, 3, and 6 mon ...19957566396
morphology of the nerve terminals of laryngeal muscles in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata).laryngeal muscles, namely, the cricothyroid (ct), lateral crico-arytenoid (lca), thyrio-arytenoid (ta), posterior crio-arytenoid (pca), interarytenoid (ia) muscles, of japanese monkeys (body weight, 4.4-8.3 kg; 3-10 years old, male) were examined histologically and by light and scanning electron microscopy. the diameter of muscle fibres with nerve terminals in the ct of the japanese monkey was larger than that of other laryngeal muscles. however, the areas of nerve terminals varied among larynge ...19957566875
chromosomal painting shows that "marked chromosomes" in lesser apes and old world monkeys are not homologous and evolved by convergence.cytogeneticists have long held that the single pair of metacentric, nor-bearing "marked chromosomes" in lesser apes (hylobatidae) and old world monkeys (cercopithecidae) are homologous. hylobatids have sometimes been excluded from hominoidea (great apes and humans) and phylogenetically allied with the lower primates, primarily on the basis of this shared "trait." however, in situ hybridization of human chromosome-specific dna probes to chromosomes of hylobates lar, h. syndactylus, h. concolor, c ...19957956365
morphology of the nerve terminals of laryngeal muscles in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata).laryngeal muscles, namely, the cricothyroid (ct), lateral crico-arytenoid (lca), thyrio-arytenoid (ta), posterior crio-arytenoid (pca), interarytenoid (ia) muscles, of japanese monkeys (body weight, 4.4-8.3 kg; 3-10 years old, male) were examined histologically and by light and scanning electron microscopy. the diameter of muscle fibres with nerve terminals in the ct of the japanese monkey was larger than that of other laryngeal muscles. however, the areas of nerve terminals varied among larynge ...19957566875
analysis of the expression and the first exon of aromatase mrna in monkey brain.to elucidate the mechanism of the region-specific expression of the aromatase in the primate brain, we investigated the distribution and level of the total aromatase mrna and the aromatase mrna with the exon 1-f, which was reported to be the brain-specific exon 1 of the human aromatase gene, in male japanese monkeys. total rnas extracted from the hypothalamus-preoptic area (hpoa), amygdala (amy), cerebellum, hippocampus, brainstem, five regions of cerebral cortex and four peripheral tissues: liv ...19957577717
analysis of the expression and the first exon of aromatase mrna in monkey brain.to elucidate the mechanism of the region-specific expression of the aromatase in the primate brain, we investigated the distribution and level of the total aromatase mrna and the aromatase mrna with the exon 1-f, which was reported to be the brain-specific exon 1 of the human aromatase gene, in male japanese monkeys. total rnas extracted from the hypothalamus-preoptic area (hpoa), amygdala (amy), cerebellum, hippocampus, brainstem, five regions of cerebral cortex and four peripheral tissues: liv ...19957577717
lipid profiles of cerebral gray matter and livers of macaque monkeys macaca fascicularis and macaca fuscata fuscata: a comparative study during development.the lipid and fatty acid profiles in cerebral gray matter and livers were studied in macaque monkeys (macaca fascicularis and m. fuscata fuscata) of different ages. in cerebral gray matter, the phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine (pc/pe) ratio decreased in animals more than 3 years old, while the cholesterol/lipid-phosphorus ratios and the unsaturation indices increased, as compared with those in fetuses and newborns. the level of 22:6n-3 in pe of cerebral gray matter increased up to 3 ...19957599973
postcranial skeleton of a macaque trained for bipedal standing and walking and implications for functional adaptation.the postcranial skeleton of a japanese macaque that had been trained for bipedalism over an 11-year period was studied. considerable modifications in the hindlimb bones caused by bipedal postural and locomotor behaviour were observed. changes occurred in joint morphology, articular dimensions and shape-dependent strength of long bones, reflecting the causal relationship between function and morphology. however, the conditions under which the modifications are developed are somewhat different fro ...19957665119
nitroxidergic innervation in dog and monkey renal arteries.we analyzed mechanisms underlying neurogenic vasodilatation in dog and japanese monkey renal arteries. isometric mechanical responses of the arterial strip to nerve stimulation by nicotine were recorded. nicotine-induced contractions were abolished by hexamethonium and potentiated by ng-nitro-l-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. the potentiating effect was reversed by l-arginine. ng-nitro-l-arginine did not potentiate the contraction caused by norepinephrine. the nicotine-induced contr ...19957737721
distribution of nitric oxide synthase in the central nervous system of macaca fuscata: subcortical regions.the distribution of nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons was studied in the macaca fuscata by immunohistochemistry using antiserum against nitric oxide synthase. in the macaque lower brainstem, many nitric oxide synthase-containing cell bodies were found in the gigantocellular and parvocellular reticular nuclei, the nucleus of the spinal tract of trigeminal nerve, the cochlear nucleus, the prepositus hypoglossi and the nucleus of the solitary tract. many nitric oxide synthase-immunoreact ...19957543984
electromyography of 15 limb muscles in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) during vertical climbing. 19958613129
function of copulatory vocalizations in mate choice by females of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). 19958529969
dominance relations among adult females in a free-ranging group of japanese monkeys at katsuyama.dominance relations among adult females in the katsuyama group of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) were analyzed. dominance relations among female relatives of 6 or more years of age corresponded almost exactly to those predicted by kawamura's principles [primates, 1:149-156, 1958] in the four highest-ranking kin-groups. according to these principles, 1) a mother is dominant to her daughter and 2) among sisters, the younger is dominant to the older. however, 9 of the remaining 11 middle-and low ...199531936948
dominance relations among adult females in a free-ranging group of japanese monkeys at katsuyama.dominance relations among adult females in the katsuyama group of japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) were analyzed. dominance relations among female relatives of 6 or more years of age corresponded almost exactly to those predicted by kawamura's principles [primates, 1:149-156, 1958] in the four highest-ranking kin-groups. according to these principles, 1) a mother is dominant to her daughter and 2) among sisters, the younger is dominant to the older. however, 9 of the remaining 11 middle-and low ...199531936948
induction of matrilineal rank instability by the alpha male in a group of japanese macaques.destabilizing alliances and ensuing rank changes occur infrequently in matrilineal dominance systems, and consequently very little is known about their dynamics. in one such type of alliance, called bridging, dominant individuals are ultimately responsible for subordinate monkeys out-ranking intermediate-ranking animals. previously reported bridging alliances were based on sexual attraction, kinship ties, or special affinitive bonds between partners. in this paper we describe bridging alliances ...199531924100
supra-annual variation in the influence of myrica rubra fruit on the behavior of a troop of japanese macaques in yakushima.observations were made on a well-habituated natural troop of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata yakui), living in warm-temperate, lowland forest in yakushima. between mid-may and the end of june the macaques feed on the fruit of the evergreen tree myrica rubra (myricaceae). the fruit of this species are abundant in some years and scarce in others. data were compared for two heavy-fruiting years (1988 and 1990) and one poor-fruiting year (1991) to examine the influence of fruit availability on pat ...199531924071
dominance style of japanese macaques compared with rhesus and stumptail macaques.in the present study, we seek to relate dominance style with group cohesion in a captive group of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). social data were gathered on approach rate, result, and direction, aggression rate and intensity, grooming rate and direction, and conciliatory tendency. data were collected using focal animal sampling and instantaneous scan sampling. reconciliation data were collected using ad libitum observations of aggression with ten-minute post-conflict and matched-control fo ...199531924068
proximity relationships within a birth cohort of immature japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) in a free-ranging group during the first four years of life.this study was designed to characterize the proximity relationships among 20 immature japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) of the same age in a free-ranging group during the first 4 years of life. most male and female immature monkeys showed a consistent preference for proximity within their cohort to certain same-sex individuals whose dominance ranks were immediately adjacent to their own throughout the first 4 years. such prolonged proximity relationships between peers of the same sex were largel ...199631918524
proximity relationships within a birth cohort of immature japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) in a free-ranging group during the first four years of life.this study was designed to characterize the proximity relationships among 20 immature japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata) of the same age in a free-ranging group during the first 4 years of life. most male and female immature monkeys showed a consistent preference for proximity within their cohort to certain same-sex individuals whose dominance ranks were immediately adjacent to their own throughout the first 4 years. such prolonged proximity relationships between peers of the same sex were largel ...199631918524
toughness and fiber content of major leaf foods of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata yakui) in yakushima.during the spring, japanese macaques in yakushima feed predominantly on mature leaves of trees, vines, and ferns. they are selective in which parts of leaves they eat, and this study examines potential cues and consequences of typical patterns of selection. toughness and fiber content (ndf) were assessed for 13 of the major leaf-food species from samples collected in the spring of 1994. the toughness of the petiole, the midrib, and two parts of the lamina were tested separately. petioles were ge ...199631918480
intrinsic connections in the macaque inferior temporal cortex.intrinsic connections in the inferior temporal cortex were analyzed by making extracellular injections of biocytin in japanese macaques. analysis was focused mainly on the dorsal part of area te, in which a functional columnar organization has been shown. interlaminar connections were analyzed in coronal section after laminar-specific microinjections, and intralaminar connections were examined from tangential sections. after injections at various depths in the dorsal te, both axons and cell bodi ...19968744437
short tandem repeat polymorphisms in japanese macaques: their short repeat lengths and low informativeness. 19968661730
mobility of hindlimb joints in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) as influenced by biarticular musculature.joint mobility is a critical issue in the analysis of locomotor adaptation. here we have attempted precise measurements of the range of extension/flexion of the hip, knee, and ankle joints of japanese macaques by using fresh cadavers and devising an effective method to fixate the proximal segment. severance of biarticular muscles revealed restrictions in mobility of as much as 10-25% caused by these muscles. however, incidences of an incomplete removal of the restriction through severance sugges ...19968953758
distribution of muscle fibre types in the thoracic and lumbar epaxial muscles of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata).histochemical properties are investigated in the thoracic and lumbar epaxial muscles of japanese macaques, macaca fuscata. whole transverse sections of the muscles were removed at the different levels of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and muscle fibre types were classified into type i and type ii fibres on the basis of their histochemical profiles. in the lumbar region the iliocostalis and longissimus muscles have many type ii fibres. in the thoracic region the iliocostalis muscle has more ty ...19968953748
molecular anatomy of human chromosome 9: comparative mapping of the immunoglobulin processed pseudogene c epsilon 3 (ighep2) in primates.karyotypic homology in relation to human chromosome 9 (hsa 9) was studied through comparative mapping of the immunoglobulin-processed pseudogene c epsilon 3 (ighep2) in primates. ighep2, which has been mapped to 9p24.2 --> p24.1 in the human genome, was assigned to ptr 11q34 (common chimpanzee), ppa 11q34 (pygmy chimpanzee), ppy 13q16 (orangutan), hla 8qter (white-handed gibbon), hag 8qter (agile gibbon), and mfu 14q22 (japanese macaque) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. to verify the break ...19968646893
comparative fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of primate chromosomes with alu polymerase chain reaction generated probes from human/rodent somatic cell hybrids.we have used alu polymerase chain reaction generated probes from rearranged human/rodent somatic cell hybrids for fluorescence in situ hybridization and comparative mapping of some intrachromosomal changes in the karyotypes of great apes (pan troglodytes, p. paniscus, gorilla gorilla, pongo pygmaeus), a gibbon (hylobates lar), and an old world monkey (macaca fuscata). probes containing chromosomes 2 and 18 fragments confirmed inversions already suggested by the banding pattern of great ape homol ...19968653267
context dependent discharge characteristics of saccade-related purkinje cells in the cerebellar hemispheres of the monkey.in the previous paper (mano et al, 1991), we reported the discharge patterns of saccade-related purkinje cells during visually guided saccade task, which were recorded from posterior cerebellar hemisphere, the crus iia. in the present study, we analysed these p-cell's simple spike activity during the spontaneous saccade in inter-trial intervals (iti) of visually guided saccade task, comparing with the activity during the visually guided saccade. we found that the modulation of simple spike disch ...19968979847
context dependent discharge characteristics of saccade-related purkinje cells in the cerebellar hemispheres of the monkey.in the previous paper (mano et al, 1991), we reported the discharge patterns of saccade-related purkinje cells during visually guided saccade task, which were recorded from posterior cerebellar hemisphere, the crus iia. in the present study, we analysed these p-cell's simple spike activity during the spontaneous saccade in inter-trial intervals (iti) of visually guided saccade task, comparing with the activity during the visually guided saccade. we found that the modulation of simple spike disch ...19968979847
immunohistochemical localization of kallikrein in salivary glands of the japanese monkey, macaca fuscata.the immunofluorescence staining using anti-human urinary kallikrein polyclonal antiserum was intense in the luminal rim of the striated duct cells, but decreased in the excretory duct cells and was weak in the intercalated duct cells. western blot analysis demonstrated the monospecificity of the antiserum to glandular kallikrein in macaca submandibular gland homogenate. the staining was observed to a similar degree as that in salivary glands with long and numerous striated ducts in the following ...19968712979
comparison of cerebellothalamic and pallidothalamic projections in the monkey (macaca fuscata): a double anterograde labeling study.to address the question of segregated projections from the internal segment of the globus pallidus (gpi) and the cerebellar nuclei (cb) to the thalamus in the monkey, we employed a double anterograde labeling strategy combining the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (wga-hrp) with biotinylated dextran amine (bda) transport. the tissue was processed sequentially for wga-hrp, and then bda immunohistochemistry using two different chromogens. since th ...19968725303
helicobacter pylori infection delays the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in japanese monkeys.to clarify the relationship between helicobacter pylori and the healing of gastric ulcers, we investigated the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in the antral mucosa of japanese monkeys (n = 5) infected with h. pylori and in control monkeys without h. pylori infection (n = 6). using h. pylori-infected japanese monkeys as an experimental model, gastric ulcers were induced endoscopically with acetic acid. healing of ulcers and factors that influenced healing were studied. continuous co ...19968985837
helicobacter pylori infection delays the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer in japanese monkeys.to clarify the relationship between helicobacter pylori and the healing of gastric ulcers, we investigated the healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in the antral mucosa of japanese monkeys (n = 5) infected with h. pylori and in control monkeys without h. pylori infection (n = 6). using h. pylori-infected japanese monkeys as an experimental model, gastric ulcers were induced endoscopically with acetic acid. healing of ulcers and factors that influenced healing were studied. continuous co ...19968985837
neural mechanism of pressor action of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in anesthetized monkeys.intravenous injection of ng-nitro-l-arginine (l-na), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, elevated mean blood pressure by 29.0 +/- 4.9 mm hg and decreased heart rate by 40.7 +/- 5.6 beats per minute in anesthetized japanese monkeys (n = 6), whereas ng-nitro-d-arginine was without effect. after pretreatment with pentolinium, the magnitude of the pressure elevation by l-na was significantly less than that after pretreatment with phentol-amine. the reduced blood pressure by either of the pretreatment ...19968794814
double gallbladder of swine.in research on the reduplication of the pig gallbladder, a total of 297,531 swine from 130 breeders were surveyed at a slaughter house (ozu health center, ehime prefecture, japan) between october 1993 and december 1995. the swine were 6-7 months old and their body weights ranged from 95 to 120 kg. twenty-nine swine were found to have reduplication of the gallbladder. of these 19 were females, nine were males and the sex of one was not identified. the second sac was smaller than main one. eleven ...19969038007
quadrupedal locomotor movements in monkeys (m. fuscata) on a treadmill: kinematic analyses.three adult japanese monkeys (m. fuscata: body weights 4.5-8.5 kg) were trained to walk quadrupedally on a surface of a moving treadmill (walking length and width: 150 cm and 60 cm, treadmill speed: 0.4-1.7 m s-1. at any different constant treadmill velocity, the monkeys exhibited a diagonal pattern of locomotor movements. side views of locomotor patterns were photographed (10 frames s-1 and videotaped (250 frames s-1. depictions of representative locomotor patterns and stick figures of forelimb ...19968951840
quadrupedal locomotor movements in monkeys (m. fuscata) on a treadmill: kinematic analyses.three adult japanese monkeys (m. fuscata: body weights 4.5-8.5 kg) were trained to walk quadrupedally on a surface of a moving treadmill (walking length and width: 150 cm and 60 cm, treadmill speed: 0.4-1.7 m s-1. at any different constant treadmill velocity, the monkeys exhibited a diagonal pattern of locomotor movements. side views of locomotor patterns were photographed (10 frames s-1 and videotaped (250 frames s-1. depictions of representative locomotor patterns and stick figures of forelimb ...19968951840
histological suture changes following retraction of the maxillary anterior bone segment after corticotomy.by cephalometric and dental cast analyses, the effects of corticotomy in combination with 45-50 days retraction of the maxillary anterior segment were evaluated in five female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). in addition, microscopic changes of the related sutures were examined. according to the analyses of the dental casts, the retraction of the maxillary anterior segment in the experimental group was increased when compared with that of the control group. there was no change in occlusal mola ...19968631288
histological suture changes following retraction of the maxillary anterior bone segment after corticotomy.by cephalometric and dental cast analyses, the effects of corticotomy in combination with 45-50 days retraction of the maxillary anterior segment were evaluated in five female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata). in addition, microscopic changes of the related sutures were examined. according to the analyses of the dental casts, the retraction of the maxillary anterior segment in the experimental group was increased when compared with that of the control group. there was no change in occlusal mola ...19968631288
neural mechanism of pressor action of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in anesthetized monkeys.intravenous injection of ng-nitro-l-arginine (l-na), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, elevated mean blood pressure by 29.0 +/- 4.9 mm hg and decreased heart rate by 40.7 +/- 5.6 beats per minute in anesthetized japanese monkeys (n = 6), whereas ng-nitro-d-arginine was without effect. after pretreatment with pentolinium, the magnitude of the pressure elevation by l-na was significantly less than that after pretreatment with phentol-amine. the reduced blood pressure by either of the pretreatment ...19968794814
microsomal aldehyde oxygenase (maldo): purification and characterization of a cytochrome p450 isozyme responsible for oxidation of 9-anthraldehyde to 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid in monkey liver.oxidative activity of 9-anthraldehyde (9-aa) to 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid in monkey liver was mainly located in microsomes. the reaction required nadph as an essential cofactor and was significantly inhibited by skf 525-a, metyrapone, disulfiram, and co, potent inhibitors of microsomal aldehyde oxygenase (maldo). two cytochrome p450 isozymes, named p450jm-a and p450jm-c, which mediate the oxidative biotransformation of 9-aa were purified from hepatic microsomes of untreated male and female jap ...19968743560
microsomal aldehyde oxygenase (maldo): purification and characterization of a cytochrome p450 isozyme responsible for oxidation of 9-anthraldehyde to 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid in monkey liver.oxidative activity of 9-anthraldehyde (9-aa) to 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid in monkey liver was mainly located in microsomes. the reaction required nadph as an essential cofactor and was significantly inhibited by skf 525-a, metyrapone, disulfiram, and co, potent inhibitors of microsomal aldehyde oxygenase (maldo). two cytochrome p450 isozymes, named p450jm-a and p450jm-c, which mediate the oxidative biotransformation of 9-aa were purified from hepatic microsomes of untreated male and female jap ...19968743560
molecular features of the tspy gene of gibbons and old world monkeys.restriction pattern, chromosome localization and the sequence of the testis-specific gene, tspy, were investigated in the white-handed gibbon, agile gibbon, siamang, hamadryas baboon and japanese monkey. southern blot analysis showed the tspy gene to be male specific in the primates used and disclosed variability of restriction pattern in gibbons. fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that the probe pptspy2372, biotinylated using polymerase chain reaction, is located as a slight signal ...19968939361
the sites of origin and termination of afferent and efferent components in the lingual and pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata).afferent and efferent components in the lingual and pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (li and ph) of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) were examined. after injecting wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) unilaterally into the central cut end of the li and ph, or into the stylopharyngeal muscle, labeled neuronal cell bodies and terminal labeling were observed in the medulla oblongata, peripheral ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, and c ...19968861108
effect of fluvoxamine on 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake, paroxetine binding sites and ketanserin binding sites in the japanese monkey brain and platelets, in vivo and in vitro.we investigated the in vitro effects of fluvoxamine on 3h-paroxetine binding and 3h-monoamine uptake in monkey cerebral cortex in comparison with those of other antidepressants. fluvoxamine selectively inhibited 3h-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) uptake and 3h-paroxetine binding. however, it did not alter 3h-norepinephrine or 3h-dopamine uptake. in addition, we examined the effects of chronic treatment with fluvoxamine (5 mg/kg per day, p.o.) on 5-ht uptake sites that bind 3h-paroxetine and 5-ht2 rec ...19968886926
overlapping corticostriatal projections from the supplementary motor area and the primary motor cortex in the macaque monkey: an anterograde double labeling study.the purpose of the present study was to determine if the cortical efferents from homologous body regions of the supplementary motor area (sma) and the primary motor cortex (mi) project to separate or to overlapping regions in the striatum. in order to investigate the dual corticostriatal projections, we employed an anterograde double labeling paradigm in which two tracers could be simultaneously detected in the same histological section. prior to the injections, the forelimb representation in th ...19968889928
changing directions of forthcoming arm movements: neuronal activity in the presupplementary and supplementary motor area of monkey cerebral cortex.1. to understand roles played by two cortical motor areas, the presupplementary motor area (pre-sma) and supplementary motor area (sma), in changing planned movements voluntarily, cellular activity was examined in two monkeys (macaca fuscata) trained to perform an arm-reaching task in which they were asked to press one of two target buttons (right or left) in three different task modes. 2. in the first mode (visual), monkeys were visually instructed to result and press either a right or left key ...19968899607
effects of short-term treatment with mevalotin on platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis, peripheral serotonergic system and serum lipids in japanese monkeys. 19968928096
effects of short-term treatment with mevalotin on platelet aggregation, fibrinolysis, peripheral serotonergic system and serum lipids in japanese monkeys. 19968928096
prevention of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i infection in japanese macaques by passive immunization.prophylaxis against human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) is of primary importance for the eradication of adult t cell leukemia and other diseases associated with this virus. hyperimmune globulin (h-igg) prepared from healthy blood donors with high antibody titers for htlv-i was evaluated for its prophylactic effect against htlv-i in japanese macaques (macaca fuscata). normal igg (n-igg) prepared from seronegative healthy blood donors was used as control. both preparations contained 50 ...19968946939
stereoselectivity in bunitrolol 4-hydroxylation in liver microsomes from marmosets and japanese monkeys.the stereoselectivity in 4-hydroxylation of bunitrolol (btl), a beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent, was examined in liver microsomes from monkeys (marmosets and japanese monkeys) and compared with the results of human liver microsomes. the formation of (+)-4-oh-btl from (+)-btl from (+)-btl was significantly higher than that of (-)-4-oh-btl from (-)-btl in the liver microsomal fractions from the two kinds of monkeys. the 4-oh-btl-forming activity from racemic btl was significantly lower than fro ...19968951158
stereoselectivity in bunitrolol 4-hydroxylation in liver microsomes from marmosets and japanese monkeys.the stereoselectivity in 4-hydroxylation of bunitrolol (btl), a beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agent, was examined in liver microsomes from monkeys (marmosets and japanese monkeys) and compared with the results of human liver microsomes. the formation of (+)-4-oh-btl from (+)-btl from (+)-btl was significantly higher than that of (-)-4-oh-btl from (-)-btl in the liver microsomal fractions from the two kinds of monkeys. the 4-oh-btl-forming activity from racemic btl was significantly lower than fro ...19968951158
footfall patterns in the early development of the quadrupedal walking of japanese macaques.the development of quadrupedal walking in infant japanese macaques (macaca fuscata) was studied on the basis of their footfall patterns. lateral views of the walking of 5 monkeys were taken by a video-camera and the timing of touchdown and liftoff was recorded. the total number of trials was 435. the change of footfall patterns during development was complicated. four stages could be discerned, as in behavioural studies. in the first stage, there was a wide variation. the dominant patterns were ...19968953754
molecular features of the tspy gene of gibbons and old world monkeys.restriction pattern, chromosome localization and the sequence of the testis-specific gene, tspy, were investigated in the white-handed gibbon, agile gibbon, siamang, hamadryas baboon and japanese monkey. southern blot analysis showed the tspy gene to be male specific in the primates used and disclosed variability of restriction pattern in gibbons. fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated that the probe pptspy2372, biotinylated using polymerase chain reaction, is located as a slight signal ...19968939361
ecabet sodium eradicates helicobacter pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients.ecabet sodium (ecabet), a new agent that has protective effects on the gastric mucosa has anti-helicobacter pylori effects, binding with urease to inhibit h. pylori activity, and causing the bacterial to become non-viable. ecabet monotherapy eradicates h. pylori infection in japanese monkeys. we investigated a new regimen that included ecabet to eradicate h. pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients. fifty-five h. pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcer were randomly assigned to one of two ...19968959522
ecabet sodium eradicates helicobacter pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients.ecabet sodium (ecabet), a new agent that has protective effects on the gastric mucosa has anti-helicobacter pylori effects, binding with urease to inhibit h. pylori activity, and causing the bacterial to become non-viable. ecabet monotherapy eradicates h. pylori infection in japanese monkeys. we investigated a new regimen that included ecabet to eradicate h. pylori infection in gastric ulcer patients. fifty-five h. pylori-positive patients with gastric ulcer were randomly assigned to one of two ...19968959522
direct projections from the medial vestibular nucleus to the posterior hypothalamic area in the monkey (macaca fuscata).direct projections from the medial vestibular nucleus to the posterior hypothalamic area was found in the macaque monkey by the anterograde and the retrograde tract-tracing methods. after injection of biotinylated dextran amine (bda) into the ventrolateral part of the medial vestibular nucleus, anterogradely labeled axon terminals were seen bilaterally in the posterior hypothalamic area. after injection of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (wga-hrp) into the posterior hypot ...19968971814
overlapping corticostriatal projections from the supplementary motor area and the primary motor cortex in the macaque monkey: an anterograde double labeling study.the purpose of the present study was to determine if the cortical efferents from homologous body regions of the supplementary motor area (sma) and the primary motor cortex (mi) project to separate or to overlapping regions in the striatum. in order to investigate the dual corticostriatal projections, we employed an anterograde double labeling paradigm in which two tracers could be simultaneously detected in the same histological section. prior to the injections, the forelimb representation in th ...19968889928
demonstration of a new dopamine-containing cell group in the primate rostral telencephalon.the presence of dopaminergic neurons in the rostral forebrain has long been uncertain though the existence of tyrosine-hydroxylase (th)-containing cells has been known in the region. using an antibody to dopamine (da), we demonstrated neurons immunoreactive (ir) to da in the rostroventral striatum of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata). the da-ir cells were found at the ventral margin of the rostral part of the caudate nucleus, at the ventral margin of the rostral part of the nucleus accumbens, ...19968977151
long-term cryopreserved allogeneic nervous and vascular tissue transfers in monkeys.four adult japanese monkeys were used. donor tissues were harvested from the radial artery, saphenous vein and median nerve, 10 cm in length, and cryopreserved at -196 degrees c in a stepwise manner for long-term preservation for more than 6 months. after rapid thawing of the tissue, the allogeneic tissue transfer was performed of the radial artery to the radial artery, the saphenous vein to the ulnar artery and the median nerve to the median nerve between male and female monkeys. after one year ...19969308713
diverse inotropic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in heart muscles of various mammalian species.the inotropic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) on mammalian heart muscles were investigated. 5-ht (10(-8)-10(-3)m) produced increases in the contractile tension of atrial and ventricular muscles isolated from guinea pigs, japanese monkeys, and humans, but not in rat heart preparations. the maximum percent increase of contraction was largest in guinea pig ventricular muscles (142.0 percent), followed by monkey atrium (86.3 percent), human atrium (71.7 percent), guinea pig atrium (48.7 percen ...19969119800
diverse inotropic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine in heart muscles of various mammalian species.the inotropic effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) on mammalian heart muscles were investigated. 5-ht (10(-8)-10(-3)m) produced increases in the contractile tension of atrial and ventricular muscles isolated from guinea pigs, japanese monkeys, and humans, but not in rat heart preparations. the maximum percent increase of contraction was largest in guinea pig ventricular muscles (142.0 percent), followed by monkey atrium (86.3 percent), human atrium (71.7 percent), guinea pig atrium (48.7 percen ...19969119800
myeloencephalitis associated with a viridans group streptococcus in a colony of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata).five weaned immature japanese macaques (macaca fuscata), bred in captivity, showed nervous signs over a 12-month period. hemorrhagic cerebral infarcts with vasculitis were detected in four necropsied animals. the distribution and nature of the lesions were consistent with bacterial embolism, and a streptococcus isolate, biochemically similar to s. salivarius, was recovered from the cerebral lesions from three of the four necropsied macaques. treatment with antibacterial agents (enrofloxacin) imp ...19968826016
survey for pneumocystis carinii infection of wild-born and laboratory-bred monkeys by indirect immunofluorescence and cyst-staining methods.a serosurvey for pneumocystis carinii infection of laboratory-bred and wild-born monkeys was made by the indirect immunofluorescence method. the antibody titers of wild cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata) to p. carinii (pc) were higher than those of laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys; 54.9% of the wild cynomolgus and 40% of japanese monkeys had antibody titers higher than 1:40, although only 9.4% of the laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys did so. pc cyst ...19968950643
survey for pneumocystis carinii infection of wild-born and laboratory-bred monkeys by indirect immunofluorescence and cyst-staining methods.a serosurvey for pneumocystis carinii infection of laboratory-bred and wild-born monkeys was made by the indirect immunofluorescence method. the antibody titers of wild cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata fuscata) to p. carinii (pc) were higher than those of laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys; 54.9% of the wild cynomolgus and 40% of japanese monkeys had antibody titers higher than 1:40, although only 9.4% of the laboratory-bred cynomolgus monkeys did so. pc cyst ...19968950643
identification and synthetic pathway of sialyl-lewis(x)-containing neolacto-series gangliosides in lens tissues. 2. enzymatic synthesis of sialyl-lewis(x) gangliosides in monkey and rat lenses.in japanese monkey lenses, 3h-labeled fucose and n-acetylneuraminic acid were enzymatically transferred to neolactotetraosylceramide (nlc4) and iii 3 fucnlc4, respectively, suggesting the presence of a synthetic pathway of iv3 neuaciii3 fucnlc4 via iii3 fucnlc4 in monkey lenses. six rat strains, wistar, sprague-dawley and pigmented strains, contained sialyl-lewis(x) gangliosides in non-cataractous lenses in a strain-specific manner. glycosyltransferase assay revealed that the transfer of 3h-labe ...19968611643
long-term cryopreserved allogeneic nervous and vascular tissue transfers in monkeys.four adult japanese monkeys were used. donor tissues were harvested from the radial artery, saphenous vein and median nerve, 10 cm in length, and cryopreserved at -196 degrees c in a stepwise manner for long-term preservation for more than 6 months. after rapid thawing of the tissue, the allogeneic tissue transfer was performed of the radial artery to the radial artery, the saphenous vein to the ulnar artery and the median nerve to the median nerve between male and female monkeys. after one year ...19969308713
quantitative analyses of microwear and honing on the sloping crest of the p3 in female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata).female wild japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata), as with all male cercopithecoids, use the mesiobuccal surfaces or the elongated crests of the mandibular third premolars (p3s), as cutting blocks that wear against edges of maxillary canines during threat manifestation or food-eating. in other words, the crests of their p3s are honed with the maxillary canines. the crests become sloped during growth and more heavily striated with the advance of age. the number, directions, lengths, and widths of the ...19969813635
quantitative analyses of microwear and honing on the sloping crest of the p3 in female japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata).female wild japanese monkeys (macaca fuscata), as with all male cercopithecoids, use the mesiobuccal surfaces or the elongated crests of the mandibular third premolars (p3s), as cutting blocks that wear against edges of maxillary canines during threat manifestation or food-eating. in other words, the crests of their p3s are honed with the maxillary canines. the crests become sloped during growth and more heavily striated with the advance of age. the number, directions, lengths, and widths of the ...19969813635
expression of cell division cycle 2 kinase transcription in chronically rejected cardiac allografts of nonhuman primates.accurate diagnosis and prevention of graft arteriosclerosis, known as chronic rejection, is critical to the success of cardiac transplantation, but often is difficult to attain. expression of cell division cycle (cdc) 2 kinase, which plays a critical role in cell transition through the g2/m phase, is critical to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. to evaluate the usefulness of cdc2 kinase expression for pathophysiological analysis of chronic rejection, heterotopic cardiac transpla ...19979860194
layer-specific differential regulation of transcription factors zif268 and jun-d in visual cortex v1 and v2 of macaque monkeys.to investigate intracellular mechanisms of cortical layer-specific gene regulation, we quantitatively examined the expression of two transcription factors, zif268 and jund, and compared their expression levels in each layer of the primary visual cortex (vi) and visual area 2 (v2) of macaque monkeys (macaca fuscata). the brain sections were immunohistochemically stained for determination of the percentage of zif268- or jund-expressing neurons in the total neuronal population. we found area- and l ...19979316018
observation of periparturitional behaviour in wild yakushima macaques (macaca fuscata yakui). 19979375368
enzyme-histochemical demonstration of the intramural lymphatic network in the monkey jejunum.the structural organization of the intramural lymphatic networks in the jejunum of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) was studied by an enzyme-histochemical method using whole-mount preparations of tissue layers. a distinction between the lymphatics and the blood vessels was made by light microscopy using 5'-nucleotidase (5'-nase)-alkaline phosphatase (alpase) double staining. in each tissue specimen, the reaction product for 5'-nase activity was localized in the lymphatic vessels, whereas tha ...19979376169
the locus coeruleus of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata) does not express mu-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity.it is well known that locus coeruleus (lc) of the rat shows intense mu-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity (mor-li). in the course of our study on the distribution of mor-li in the brain of the japanese monkey (macaca fuscata), however, no mor-li was found in the lc although the distribution pattern of mor-li in other regions of the lower brainstem of the monkey was essentially the same as that observed in the rat. it was also found that immunoreactivity for met-enkephalin, the most potent end ...19979175900
seasonal variation in the feeding behavior and diet of japanese macaques (macaca fuscata yakui) in lowland forest of yakushima.the feeding behavior of the southern subspecies of japanese macaque (macaca fuscata yakui) was studied over a period of 18 months in warm temperate broad-leaved forest on the island of yakushima, japan. focal animal data were collected for the eight adults in the troop. over a full annual cycle, 35.0% of foraging on identified foods was on leaves and shoots, 30.2% on fleshy fruit, 13.2% on seeds, and 5.5% on flowers. invertebrates and other animal matter accounted for 10.3% of foraging and fungi ...19979403095
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