Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| changes in toxin quantities following experimental manipulation of toxin reserves in bufo bufo tadpoles. | possessing toxins can contribute to an efficient defence against various threats in nature. however, we generally know little about the energy- and time-demands of developing toxicity in animals, which determines the efficiency of chemical defence and its trade-off with other risk-induced phenotypic responses. in this study we examined how immersion into norepinephrine solution inducing the release of stored toxins, administration of mild stress mimicking predator attack or simple handling durin ... | 2019 | 30684072 |
| transcriptional analysis of tyrosinase gene expression during bufo bufo development. | tyrosinase (ec.1.14.18.1.) is a widespread enzyme, in the phylogenetic scale, that produces melanin, from bacteria to man, by using as substrates monophenols, o-diphenols and molecular oxygen. in this work we have confirmed and demonstrated that during bufo bufo development tyrosinase activity and gene expression first occur at developmental stages 17-18 (tail bud-muscular response) as detected by a spectrophotometric assay and qrt-pcr. as expected, also during b. bufo development tyrosinase gen ... | 2019 | 30655714 |
| description of a new species of rhabdias stiles and hassall, 1905 (nematoda, rhabdiasidae) in duttaphrynus melanostictus (schneider, 1899) from west bengal, india. | the purpose of this article is to describe a new species of rhabdias stiles and hassall, 1905 from west bengal, india. rhabdias bengalensis sp. nov. (nematoda, rhabdiasidae) recovered from the lungs of asian common toad, duttaphrynus melanostictus (schneider, 1899), collected from illambazar town, birbhum district of west bengal, india. | 2019 | 30645738 |
| indication of spatially random occurrence of chlamydia-like organisms in bufo bufo tadpoles from ponds located in the geneva metropolitan area. | occurrence of bacteria belonging to the order chlamydiales was investigated for the first time in common toad (bufo bufo) tadpole populations collected from 41 ponds in the geneva metropolitan area, switzerland. a chlamydiales-specific real-time pcr was used to detect and amplify the chlamydiales 16s ribosomal rna-encoding gene from the tails of 375 tadpoles. we found the studied amphibian populations to host chlamydia-like organisms (clos) attributable to the genera similichlamydia, neochlamydi ... | 2019 | 30622711 |
| testing an hypothesis of hybrid zone movement for toads in france. | hybrid zone movement may result in substantial unidirectional introgression of selectively neutral material from the local to the advancing species, leaving a genetic footprint. this genetic footprint is represented by a trail of asymmetric tails and displaced cline centres in the wake of the moving hybrid zone. a peak of admixture linkage disequilibrium is predicted to exist ahead of the centre of the moving hybrid zone. we test these predictions of the movement hypothesis in a hybrid zone betw ... | 2019 | 30609055 |
| an amphibian species pushed out of britain by a moving hybrid zone. | classical theory states that hybrid zones will be stable in troughs of low population density where dispersal is hampered. yet, evidence for moving hybrid zones is mounting. one possible reason that moving zones have been underappreciated is that they may drive themselves into oblivion and with just the superseding species remaining, morphological and genetic signals of past species replacement may be difficult to appreciate. using genetic data (32 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms) fro ... | 2019 | 31643124 |
| artificial light at night disturbs the activity and energy allocation of the common toad during the breeding period. | the presence of artificial light at night (alan) is currently a global phenomenon. by altering the photoperiod, alan may directly affect the physiology and behaviour of many organisms, such as the timing of daily rhythms, hormonal regulation, food intake, metabolism, migration and reproduction. surprisingly while it is known that alan exposure strongly influences health of humans and laboratory animals, studies on wildlife remain scarce. amphibians are one of the most nocturnal groups of vertebr ... | 2019 | 30746151 |
| competency of amphibians and reptiles and their potential role as reservoir hosts for rift valley fever virus. | rift valley fever phlebovirus (rvfv) is an arthropod-borne zoonotic pathogen, which is endemic in africa, causing large epidemics, characterized by severe diseases in ruminants but also in humans. as in vitro and field investigations proposed amphibians and reptiles to potentially play a role in the enzootic amplification of the virus, we experimentally infected african common toads and common agamas with two rvfv strains. lymph or sera, as well as oral, cutaneous and anal swabs were collected f ... | 2020 | 33114178 |
| toads prey upon scorpions and are resistant to their venom: a biological and ecological approach to scorpionism. | in recent years, se brazil, the most populous region in the country with an estimated population of 88 million, has been experiencing an alarming increase in scorpions accidents (scorpionism), mainly caused by the yellow scorpion (tityus serrulatus), or "escorpião amarelo" in portuguese. this species is considered particularly dangerous to humans and can reproduce by parthenogenesis favouring rapid dispersal and colonization of new environments. since the 1940s, owing to the growing danger repre ... | 2020 | 32081637 |
| stretch-excitation correlation in the toad heart. | the activation sequence of the ventricular myocardium in ectotherms is a matter of debate. we studied the correlation between the ventricular activation sequence and the pattern of local stretches in 13 toads (bufo bufo). epicardial potential mapping was done with 56-lead sock array. activation times were determined as dv/dt min in each lead. initial epicardial foci of activation were found on the left side of the ventricular base, whereas regions on the apex and the right side of the base demon ... | 2020 | 33161379 |
| morphological and histological abnormalities of the neotropical toad, rhinella arenarum (anura: bufonidae) larvae exposed to dexamethasone. | dexamethasone (dex) is a glucocorticoid highly effective as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressant and decongestant drug. in the present study, a preliminary acute toxicity test was assayed in order to determinate dex median-lethal, lowest-observed-effect and the no-observed-effect concentrations (lc50, loec and noec, respectively) on the common toad embryos (rhinella arenarum). also, morphological and histological abnormalities from five body larval regions, liver melanomacrophages (mm) and gl ... | 2020 | 33112724 |
| two new indole alkaloids from toad venom of bufo bufo gargarizans. | two new indole alkaloids, bufotenidine b (2) and bufocarboline a (6), along with seven known indole alkaloids (1, 3-5, and 7-9) and three organic acids (10-12), were isolated from the water extract of toad venom. the structures of the new alkaloids were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods. the absolute configurations of 4, 6, and 8 were determined for the first time by electronic circular dichroism (ecd) calculations. the cytotoxic activity of all compounds was tested against human mal ... | 2020 | 33019706 |
| the insecticidal activity of rhinella schneideri (werner, 1894) paratoid secretion in nauphoeta cinerea cocroaches. | rhinella schneideri is a common toad found in south america, whose paratoid toxic secretion has never been explored as an insecticide. in order to evaluate its insecticidal potential, nauphoeta cinerea cockroaches were used as an experimental model in biochemical, physiological and behavioral procedures. lethality assays with rhinella schneideri paratoid secretion (rsps) determined the ld50 value after 24 h (58.07µg/g) and 48 h exposure (44.07 µg/g) (r2 = 0.882 and 0.954, respectively). acetylch ... | 2020 | 33019552 |
| hybridization and introgression between toads with different sex chromosome systems. | the growing interest in the lability of sex determination in non-model vertebrates such as amphibians and fishes has revealed high rates of sex chromosome turnovers among closely related species of the same clade. can such lineages hybridize and admix with different sex-determining systems, or could the changes have precipitated their speciation? we addressed these questions in incipient species of toads (bufonidae), where we identified a heterogametic transition and characterized their hybrid z ... | 2020 | 33014420 |
| stressed tadpoles mount more efficient glucocorticoid negative feedback in anthropogenic habitats due to phenotypic plasticity. | coping with anthropogenic environmental change is among the greatest challenges faced by wildlife, and endocrine flexibility is a potentially crucial coping mechanism. animals may adapt to anthropogenic environments by dampening their glucocorticoid stress response, but empirical tests of this hypothesis have provided mixed evidence. an alternative hypothesis is that a non-attenuated stress response and efficient negative feedback are favored in anthropogenic habitats. to test this idea, we non- ... | 2020 | 32889314 |
| individual variation in cardiotoxicity of parotoid secretion of the common toad, bufo bufo, depends on body size - first results. | anurans secrete a wide diversity of toxins from skin glands to defend themselves against predators and pathogens. bufonids produce potent poison in parotoid macroglands located in the postorbital region. parotoid secretion is a rich source of bioactive compounds with cardiotoxic, cytotoxic and hemolytic activity. poison content and toxicity may vary between species, populations, and among conspecifics inhabiting the same area. in the present paper, we pre-analyzed the individual variation in car ... | 2020 | 32862084 |
| how to disinfect anuran eggs? sensitivity of anuran embryos to chemicals widely used for the disinfection of larval and post-metamorphic amphibians. | emerging infectious diseases are major drivers of global and local amphibian biodiversity loss. therefore, developing effective disinfection methods to manage the impact of diseases in wild and captive "ark" populations are an important goal in amphibian conservation. while chemical disinfectants have been used safely and effectively in larval and adult amphibians infected with pathogenic microbes, their applicability to amphibian egg masses has remained untested. to bridge this gap, we exposed ... | 2020 | 32830870 |
| toad venom antiproliferative activities on metastatic melanoma: bio-guided fractionation and screening of the compounds of two different venoms. | melanoma is the most common cancer in young adults, with a constantly increasing incidence. metastatic melanoma is a very aggressive cancer with a 5-year survival rate of about 22-25%. this is, in most cases, due to a lack of therapies which are effective on the long term. hence, it is crucial to find new therapeutic agents to increase patient survival. toad venoms are a rich source of potentially pharmaceutically active compounds and studies have highlighted their possible effect on cancer cell ... | 2020 | 32785105 |
| aminomethylphosphonic acid alters amphibian embryonic development at environmental concentrations. | despite intense societal and scientific debates regarding glyphosate toxicity, it remains the most widely used herbicide. the primary metabolite of glyphosate, ampa (aminomethylphosphonic acid), is the main contaminant detected in surface waters worldwide, both because of the extensive use of glyphosate and because of other widespread sources of ampa (i.e., industrial detergents). studies on potential effects of glyphosate using environmentally relevant concentrations of ampa on non-target wildl ... | 2020 | 32771800 |
| [study on quality standard of bufonis venenum and its processed slice, toad venom powder]. | bufonis venenum(toad venom) is prepared from the dried secretion of bufo bufo gargarizans or b. melanostictus. toad venom powder is one of the processed slices of crude material toad venom. in the present study, the global quality control method and standard of toad venom and its processed slice, toad venom powder were established, including tlc identification, characteristic chromatogram and qams by hplc. the relative correction factor(rcf) was re-calculated and validated. the average rcfs of c ... | 2020 | 32489055 |
| relationships between chemical defenses of common toad (bufo bufo) tadpoles and bacterial community structure of their natural aquatic habitat. | many organisms synthesize secondary metabolites against natural enemies. however, to which environmental factors the production of these metabolites is adjusted to is poorly investigated in animals, especially so in vertebrates. bufadienolides are steroidal compounds that are present in a wide range of plants and animals and, if present in large quantities, can provide protection against natural enemies, such as pathogens. in a correlative study involving 16 natural populations we investigated h ... | 2020 | 32468489 |
| inter-population variation in thermal sensitivity of the tropical toad duttaphrynus melanostictus, across a small spatial scale in sri lanka. | inter-population disparities in a species have been shown to occur as an adaptation to different thermal regimes in the environment. we investigated the thermal sensitivities of the tropical toad duttaphrynus melanostictus (asia common toad) from two populations at different altitudes: nuwara-eliya - 1870 m, and polonnaruwa - 25 m, above mean sea level. the two locations were separated by what may be considered a short direct distance - 110 km. thermal sensitivity trials were conducted at six te ... | 2020 | 32364998 |
| impacts of trace metals on african common toad, amietophrynus regularis (reuss, 1833) and depuration effects of the toad's enteric parasite, amplicaecum africanum (taylor, 1924) sampled within lagos metropolis, nigeria. | the study aimed at assessing the depuration potentials of endoparasite, amplicaecum africanum on trace metals in its toad host, amietophrynus regularis at sites of significant anthropogenic perturbations within the lagos metropolis, in nigeria. a total of 120 toads of both sexes, alongside 45 soil samples were collected from each of three (3) stations labeled dumpsite, lagoon front and highrise, using hand nets and by hand-picking between february and october, 2018. the intestinal tissues sectio ... | 2020 | 32258456 |
| mitochondrial costs of being hot: effects of acute thermal change on liver bioenergetics in toads (bufo bufo). | global climatic warming is predicted to drive extreme thermal events, especially in temperate terrestrial environments. hence, describing how physiological parameters are affected by acute temperature changes would allow us to understand the energy management of organisms facing such non-predictable and constraining events. as mitochondria play a key role in the conversion of energy from food into atp but also produce harmful reactive oxygen species, the understanding of its functioning is cruci ... | 2020 | 32218742 |
| effects of two little-studied environmental pollutants on early development in anurans. | despite intensive ecotoxicological research, we still know relatively little about the ecological impacts of many environmental contaminants. filling these knowledge gaps is particularly important regarding amphibians, because they play significant roles in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, and their populations are declining worldwide. in this study, we investigated two pollutants that have been poorly studied in ecotoxicology despite their widespread occurrence in surface waters: the herb ... | 2020 | 32041031 |
| ocular hypotonia and transient decrease of vision as a consequence of exposure to a common toad poison. | the common toad produces venom (bufotoxin) that is produced in the parotid gland of the toad as well as in the skin. this toxic compound is a potent inhibitor of na+/k+-atpase activity. physiological effects of bufotoxin are similar to those of digitalis and cause increased heart rate and muscle contractions. ocular toxicity was described. a 67-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency service because of sudden vision loss and a burning sensation in both eyes after she had been expos ... | 2020 | 32015920 |
| the rhinella arenarum transcriptome: de novo assembly, annotation and gene prediction. | the common toad rhinella arenarum is widely distributed in argentina, where it is utilised as an autochthonous model in ecotoxicological research and environmental toxicology. however, the lack of a reference genome makes molecular assays and gene expression studies difficult to carry out on this non-model species. to address this issue, we performed a genome-wide transcriptome analysis on r. arenarum larvae through massive rna sequencing, followed by de novo assembly, annotation, and gene predi ... | 2020 | 31974515 |
| global metabolomic and lipidomic analysis reveal the synergistic effect of bufalin in combination with cinobufagin against hepg2 cells. | chansu, which is prepared from the skin secretions of toad (bufo bufo gargarizans cantor), is widely used in traditional chinese medicine (tcm). being the principal bioactive constituents of chansu, bufalin (bfl) and cinobufagin (cbf) have been shown to possess anticancer properties. tcm confers bioactivities through the synergistic effect between potential active ingredients, so as to interfere with the development of the disease, and ultimately achieve the therapeutic effect. we found that the ... | 2020 | 31942794 |
| artificial light at night alters the sexual behaviour and fertilisation success of the common toad. | artificial light at night (alan) is an emerging pollution, that dramatically keeps on increasing worldwide due to urbanisation and transport infrastructure development. in 2016, it nearly affected 23% of the earth's surface. to date, all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have been affected. the disruption of natural light cycles due to alan is particularly expected for nocturnal species, which require dark periods to forage, move, and reproduce. apart from chiropterans, amphibians contain the l ... | 2020 | 31931411 |
| potential pesticide exposure during the post-breeding migration of the common toad (bufo bufo) in a vineyard dominated landscape. | two important drivers of the global amphibian decline are habitat destruction due to an intensification of farming and a related increase of pesticide applications. recent studies have shown that there might be an underestimated risk of pesticides on terrestrial amphibians. however, there are too few data on the terrestrial habitat use of amphibians in agricultural landscapes to estimate the exposure risk. to fill this knowledge gap, we used telemetry to investigate the post-breeding migration o ... | 2020 | 31855631 |
| toxicity characterization and environmental risk assessment of mancozeb on the south american common toad rhinella arenarum. | agricultural activity, especially the increasing use of pesticides, is considered one of the main reasons for the decline of amphibian populations. mancozeb (mcz) is one of the most used fungicides worldwide, despite its ancient use and toxicity demonstrated in different taxa. however, there is limited information about the effects of mcz in amphibians, which are keystones of riparian ecosystems. for species conservation purposes, it is essential to identify the most sensitive developmental peri ... | 2020 | 31838683 |
| comparative toxicity of two different dimethoate formulations in the common toad (rhinella arenarum) tadpoles. | dimethoate (d) are among the most commonly used organophosphates insecticides in the world. to evaluate the toxicity of two d formulations were selected as test organisms tadpoles of rhinella arenarum. this toad species has an extensive neotropical distribution and is easy to handle and acclimate to laboratory conditions. the tadpoles were exposed in an acute assay for 48 h to d soluble concentrates (dsc) and emulsifiable concentrates (dec). the 48 h-lc50 (95% confidence limits) value of dsc was ... | 2020 | 31740980 |
| a new method for the estimation of minimum adult frog density from a large-scale audial survey. | audial surveys of anuran amphibians (frogs, toads and similar) are cost-effective and allow for the coverage of large areas, but they are usually regarded as unsuitable for population size estimations due to imperfect detection. our study demonstrated a method for obtaining minimum adult population size estimates from vocalising anuran counts by using sex ratios, life history and vocalising behaviour parameters from other studies. we collected data from 2016 to 2018 for seven taxa on 65 plots (e ... | 2020 | 32451461 |
| neofoleyellides boerewors n. gen. n. sp. (nematoda: onchocercidae) parasitising common toads and mosquito vectors: morphology, life history, experimental transmission and host-vector interaction in situ. | anuran filarial nematodes are restricted to two comparatively small subfamilies (icosiellinae and waltonellinae) of the filariae that currently comprise six genera and 41 recognised species. however, the life histories of only five anuran filarial nematodes, proposed as an ancestral group based on molecular phylogenetic studies, have been elucidated. furthermore, data on the natural vectors (in situ) and parasite transmission is limited. in the current study we elucidate the life history of neof ... | 2020 | 32087248 |