Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the lethal effects of the cibarial and pharyngeal armatures of mosquitoes on microfilariae. | microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti and brugia pahangi were killed by the chewing action of the cibarial and pharyngeal armatures and other papillae and spines in the fore-gut of mosquitoes. the proportion of ingested microfilariae that were killed was largely dependent on the presence and shape of the cibarial armature. anopheles farauti no. 1 and anopheles gambiae species a and b have well developed cibarial armatures and killed 36 to 96% of the ingested microfilariae. culex pipiens fatigans ... | 1978 | 30190 |
| an ultrastructural study of the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum in anopheles gambiae. | this paper describes the fine structure of the sporogonic development of plasmodium falciparum in its natural vector anopheles gambiae (species a) as seen by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the parasite was derived from naturally infected volunteers and the vector maintained under natural conditions at the mrc laboratories, fajara, the gambia. sporogonic development of p. falciparum is similar to that described for other plasmodium spp. there are however greater similarities betwe ... | 1978 | 364785 |
| dynamics and intensity of wuchereria bancrofti transmission in the savannah and forest regions of liberia. | in four villages in the savannah and in the rain forest of liberia, regular assessment of the biting activity and infection rates of anthropophilic mosquitoes have been carried out through full annual cycles. the microfilaremia rates in the localities in the savannah were 18.3% and 20.0% and in those of the forest 10.3% and 12.5%. the all-night catches were performed inside ordinary inhibited houses at monthly or fortnightly intervals. presence of infective larvae of wuchereria bancrofti proved ... | 1978 | 364801 |
| a survey of anopheles gambiae (species a) and an. arabiensis (species b) of the an. gambiae giles complex in the kisumu area of kenya following insecticidal spraying with oms-43 (fenitrothion). | after village huts in the kisumu area of kenya had been sprayed with a nominal 2 g/m2 of oms-43 (fenitrothion) as part of an insecticidal evaluation programme 964 adults of the anopheles gambiae complex collected from huts were identified cytogenetically as either an. gambiae (species a) or an. arabiensis (species b). similarly, cytogenetic methods were used to identify 349 adults collected from granaries and artificial pit-shelters. in addition, 2203 larvae of the gambiae complex collected from ... | 1978 | 697445 |
| [the aggressiveness of anopheles gambiae a in relation to the age and sex of the human subjects]. | 1978 | 307444 | |
| evaluation of fenitrothion for the control of malaria. | fenitrothion was evaluated for residual spraying in antimalaria programmes in a large-scale field trial near kisumu, kenya from 1972 to 1976. the insecticide was applied in a hyper/holoendemic malarious area of 200 km(2) inhabited by about 50 000 people. all houses and animal shelters were sprayed at a target dosage rate of 2 g/m(2) at 3-month intervals for a total of 8 consecutive spray rounds in 2 years. the malaria vectors anopheles gambiae species a and b and a. funestus were reduced to negl ... | 1978 | 308409 |
| genetic sex separation in anopheles arabiensis and the production of sterile hybrids. | the gene for dieldrin resistance has been artificially male-linked so that females can be selectively killed with dieldrin. by intercrossing different sibling species of the anopheles gambiae complex, batches consisting of sterile males only can be reared. this seems to have potential for use in genetic control operations. | 1978 | 308410 |
| assessment of insecticidal impact on the malaria mosquito's vectorial capacity, from data on the man-biting rate and age-composition. | the reduction in average age of a vector population after application of a residual insecticide is commonly interpreted under the implicit assumption that the vector population is uniformly exposed to the insecticide. this assumption maximizes the calculated impact of the insecticide on the vectorial capacity. an alternative assumption, namely that the vector population is composed of two subpopulations, one endophilic and exposed, the other exophilic and not exposed, leads to a much smaller cal ... | 1979 | 312159 |
| lack of recombination between the x chromosomes of different members of the anopheles gambiae complex. | 1979 | 290586 | |
| chromosomal differentiation and adaptation to human environments in the anopheles gambiae complex. | speciation in the anopheles gambiae complex is reviewed and discussed with emphasis on the patterns of chromosomal differentiation, particularly at the intraspecific level. the significance of inversion polymorphism in gambiae and arabiensis (the two species of greatest medical importance) is evaluated with reference to recent field investigations carried out in nigeria. in both sibling species some of the inversions show clinical geographical changes in frequencies, with evident correlations wi ... | 1979 | 394408 |
| a biochemical key to adult members of the anopheles gambiae group of species (diptera: culicidae). | 1979 | 439120 | |
| a pocket of controlled malaria in a holoendemic region of west africa. | yekepa, a mining town in northern liberia, has been built entirely since 1960 and now has a population of 16 000 inhabitants including 1500 expatriates. although situated in a holoendemic region with constant human movements in and out of the town, the mining company has succeeded in controlling malaria in yekepa. furthermore, there is a constant threat of the vector in the close surroundings to the town. control is maintained by regular residual insecticide sprayings with ddt, regular larvicidi ... | 1979 | 496484 |
| house catches of adult anopheles gambiae species b in two areas of zambia. | 1979 | 520233 | |
| differentiation between species of the anopheles gambiae giles complex (diptera: culicidae) by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons. | lipids were extracted from 500 female anopheles gambiae and an. arabiensis in n-hexane and the extracts examined by gas chromatographic analysis using a glass column packed with 3% ov-1 on a 100-200 mesh gas chrom q which was maintained at 225 degrees c. cuticular hydrocarbons consisted mostly of unbranched paraffins. there were differences between the distribution of compounds with 25-29 carbons. after adjusting the c27 peak to 100%, hydrocarbons c26 and c29 represent heights of 80 and 69% in a ... | 1979 | 539859 |
| studies on multiple feeding by anopheles gambiae s.l. in a sudan savanna area of north nigeria. | the detection of haptoglobins in anopheles gambiae s.l. has been used to obtain an estimate of the incidence of multiple feeding for the village of barmawa, garki district, kano state, nigeria. the results indicated that the incidence of multiple feeding was approximately 10% but problems were encountered by the high incidence of ahaptoglobinaemia in the population. in four villages in garki district the incidence of ahaptoglobinaemia varied between 65 and 76% while in young children and personn ... | 1979 | 555069 |
| observations on the member species of the anopheles gambiae complex in the gambia, west africa. | 1979 | 555076 | |
| a comparative study of o'nyong nyong virus with chikungunya virus and plaque variants. | two plaque variants of chikungunya (chik) virus were serologically compared with o'nyong nyong (onn) virus in order to elucidate the reported one way antigenic relationships between the two viruses. three different hypotheses are examined and evidence is shown to support one of them. comparison of some biological properties of the viruses showed onn to be distinct in some respects. all viruses and variants were found to replicate in anopheles gambiae cells. | 1979 | 88212 |
| studies on filariasis transmission in kwale, a tanzanian coastal village, and the results of mosquito control measures. | the main vectors of bancroftian filariasis in kwale, tanzania, were anopheles gambiae complex and culex p. quinquefasciatus. after vector control by the insecticides dursban (chlorpyrifos) or abate (temephos), the number of all man-biting mosquitoes was reduced by 94.8%, and that of house-resting mosquitoes by 95.3%. anopheles gambiae complex were highly exophilic, possibly due to a high proportion of anopheles merus in this village. the infection rate of a. gambiae complex rose significantly in ... | 1979 | 91349 |
| chemically-defined media for production of insect cells and viruses in vitro. | two chemically-defined media are described. they support the growth of a) an established cell line of spodoptera frugiperda cells and b) two established mosquito cell lines from aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. the replication of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) in s. frugiperda cells grown in a defined medium is reported. | 1980 | 6102531 |
| a genetic study of the susceptibility of anopheles gambiae to plasmodium berghei. | in a study of the genetics of susceptibility and refractoriness of anopheles gambiae to plasmodium species, nine generations of selection resulted in a completely susceptible line and an entirely refractory line to plasmodium berghei (a rodent malaria). the f1 progeny from reciprocal crosses between the lines differed in their susceptibility to the parasite. backcrosses to the parent did not produce proportions of susceptible and refractory individuals consistent with single gene inheritance or ... | 1980 | 7010688 |
| studies on the use of a membrane feeding technique for infecting anopheles gambiae with plasmodium falciparum. | an investigation was made of the optimum feeding time when using stirred membrane feeders for infecting anopheles gambiae s.s. with plasmodium falciparum. the aim was to stimulate the natural situation of direct feeding on a host and so enable the malaria susceptibility of different populations of a. gambiae to be assessed. 45 feeds were carried out on blood donated by p. falciparum gametocyte carriers. the results show that only patients with at least 300 gametocytes/mm3 are likely to produce a ... | 1980 | 7010696 |
| identification of mosquitoes of anopheles gambiae species complex a and b by analysis of cuticular components. | two important vectors of malaria in africa, anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis (diptera: culicidae), often occur sympatrically and cannot be distinguished morphologically. a chemical method was developed to identify individual laboratory-reared adult males or females of either species by extraction and analysis of cuticular components with gas chromatography. statistically significant differences were seen between species when selected pairs of peaks were compared. | 1980 | 7355276 |
| intraspecific polymorphism of sex chromosome heterochromatin in two species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | the hoechst 33258 banding pattern of the mitotic chromosomes of several laboratory and natural populations of the sibling species a. gambiae and a. arabiensis has been analyzed. a clear intraspecific polymorphism of sex chromosome heterochromatin has been observed. nevertheless in each species heterochromatic variations fall within a characteristic species-specific pattern. moreover, while laboratory polulations tend to be monomorphic for a given heterchromatic variant, natural populations exhib ... | 1980 | 7358009 |
| [the gonotrophic cycle and the daily rhythm of bites of anopheles gambiae (giles) 1902 and anopheles nili (theobald), 1904]. | the authors have elaborated a formula to calculate the average number of times an anopheline parous female bites in one day ("l") according to its gonotrophic cycle and more specially to its behaviour before and after oviposition (parameters "alpha" and "a". the formula was applied to anopheles gambiae observed at djoumouna village (l = 0.40) and to anopheles nili observed at m'pola village (l = 0.30). the value obtained has then to be multiplied by the anthropophilic index to obtain the "a" par ... | 1980 | 6895549 |
| the anopheles gambiae giles complex and bancroftian filariasis transmission in a tanzanian coastal village. | 1981 | 7023404 | |
| a cage replacement experiment involving introduction of genes for refractoriness to plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis into a population of anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae). | 1982 | 7086849 | |
| susceptibility of anopheles gambiae to plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis and plasmodium falciparum. | 1982 | 6763502 | |
| ingestion and development of wuchereria bancrofti in culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti after feeding on humans with varying densities of microfilariae in tanzania. | 1982 | 6126022 | |
| separation of anopheles merus from freshwater anopheles gambiae by salinity tolerance test and morphological characters. | the separation methods for anopheles merus from freshwater a. gambiae s.l. involving the use of salinity tolerance test, sensilla coeloconica, palpal ratio and palpal bands were evaluated for a period of one year on a total of about 340 mosquitoes. the salinity tolerance test method was found to be quite simple and reliable but unsuitable in disease transmission studies due to an interval of 2-3 days between the collection and dissection periods and also due to the fact that only a fraction of t ... | 1982 | 6926942 |
| mosquito production and species succession from an area of irrigated rice fields in the gambia, west africa. | the succession of mosquito species and their abundance was observed through one cycle of dry-season irrigated rice cultivation near bansang in the gambia. the study covered a 21-week period, february-june 1975. mosquitoes were sampled using a single suction trap located in a dry field beside the rice fields. few mosquitoes were present before irrigation began. anopheles gambiae s.1., a. rufipes and culex neavei reached peak numbers 4 weeks after full-scale irrigation began and then declined in a ... | 1983 | 6142963 |
| anopheles gambiae and a. melas at brefet, the gambia, and their role in malaria transmission. | anopheles melas and a. gambiae were studied at the village of brefet, the gambia. the population density of a. gambiae varied according to the rainfall. however, this was not so with a. melas, the highest densities of which occurred after the cessation of the rains. the sporozoite rate averaged 3.5% in a. gambiae but only 0.35% in a. melas. possible causes of these differences are discussed. | 1983 | 6882050 |
| value of cuticular and internal hydrocarbons for the identification of larvae of anopheles gambiae giles, anopheles arabiensis patton and anopheles melas theobald. | gas chromatographic profiles of the cuticular and internal lipids extracted from 4th-instar larvae of the anopheles gambiae complex have shown quantitative differences in their chain length distributions. for example, hydrocarbons extracted with 95% ethanol showed relative differences in peak heights eluting at kovat indices (ki's) 2840 (an. gambiae 1.21, an. arabiensis 1.39 and an. melas 1.14) and 3150 (an. gambiae 6.73, an. arabiensis 13.40 and an. melas 13.50). however, while using the non-hy ... | 1983 | 6882067 |
| production of bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 primary powder on media made from locally obtainable nigerian agricultural products. | five media, formulated from dried cow blood, mineral salts, and seeds from four species of legumes, were assessed for growth, sporulation, and insecticidal properties of bacillus sphaericus strain 1593. bacterial powders, prepared from broth, were assayed against culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles gambiae, and aedes aegypti. good growth and sporulation were obtained with all the media. the highest number of viable cells and spores per mililitre (8.6 x 10(8) and 8.1 x 10(8] were obtained in media ... | 1983 | 6883226 |
| [the anopheles gambiae complex in guinea bissau]. | three species of the anopheles gambiae complex were identified in guinea bissau (west africa) by chromosomal analysis. they were an. melas, an. arabiensis and an. gambiae s.s. an melas was observed in coastal and insular zones of the study area as well as in areas where the rivers are tidal and brackish and bordered by mangroves. for this reason, the species occurs also in inland riverine localities such as farim and bissorà. an. arabiensis apparently occurs only in low numbers in a very limited ... | 1983 | 6543935 |
| ecological studies on anopheles gambiae complex sibling species on the kenya coast. | 1983 | 6623592 | |
| oviposition by african malaria vector mosquitoes. i. temporal activity patterns of caged, wild-caught, freshwater anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato. | blood-fed females of the anopheles gambiae species complex, most of which would have been a. gambiae giles sensu stricto, were collected from a freshwater locality in coastal kenya and used for laboratory studies of their temporal patterns of oviposition. contrary to previous reports these patterns were not found to be constrained to the early hours of the night but varied widely, evidently dependent on the time of blood-feeding and on subsequent temperatures but not on endogenous activity rhyth ... | 1983 | 6660969 |
| effects of ecological changes on the malaria vectors anopheles funestus and the anopheles gambiae complex of mosquitoes in accra, ghana. | studies have been conducted on mosquito breeding, indoor resting density and some parasitological and vectorial indices in accra since 1911. an. gambiae s.l. has adapted to breeding appreciably in water-filled domestic containers in recent times (viz. 21.14 +/- 4.4% of all breeding), compared with a low frequency of breeding in such domestic containers in the earlier years 1911-1930 (viz. 1.97 +/- 1.67% of all breeding). its breeding has also increased (viz. 5.3% to 25.4% of all breeding) in the ... | 1984 | 6748132 |
| [cytogenetic and biometric observations on members of the anopheles gambiae complex in mozambique]. | four species of the anopheles gambiae complex were identified in mozambique (east africa) by chromosomal analysis. they were an. merus, an. gambiae s.s., an. arabiensis and an. quadriannulatus. an. merus was observed in coastal zones as well as in inner areas where the rivers are tidal and brackish and/or the soil is salty. an. gambiae s.s. is present in the central-northern regions (north of save river) from the coast to the western mountains. on the coast it is often sympatric with an. merus. ... | 1984 | 6599997 |
| [sensitivity of anopheles gambiae s.l. to insecticides in the selingue dam area]. | in the selingue hydroelectric dam area the an. gambiae complex members are susceptible to ddt, resistant to dieldrin (the adults mainly) and also susceptible to temephos, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, fenitrothion and malathion. the lc50 of the larvae for fenthion is 0.00325 ppm. due to the abundance of an. gambiae s.s. in this area (nearly 98%), it is probable that these data refer mainly to this species. recent cytogenetic studies have shown that this species is composed of three chromosomal types ( ... | 1984 | 6600005 |
| medium for the production of primary powder of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | five media, formulated from the seeds of five legume varieties, dried cow blood, and mineral salts, were assessed for the growth and production of insecticidal properties of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. bacterial powders prepared from the broth cultures were assayed against the larvae of aedes aegypti, culex quinquefasciatus, and anopheles gambiae. a standard primary powder of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (ips78) was included in the assay for comparison. good growth was obta ... | 1984 | 6144290 |
| specificity of cultured insect tissue cells for bioassay of entomocidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | cultured tissue cells from lepidopteran and dipteran sources displayed an order-specific response to entomocidal protein from crystals of bacillus thuringiensis. protein isolated from crystals of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was effective against cells of the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) and the tobacco hornworm (manduca sexta), but was inactive against both mosquito cell lines tested (aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae). conversely, protein from inclusion bodies of b. thuringi ... | 1984 | 6321329 |
| heterogeneities of the malaria vectorial system in tropical africa and their significance in malaria epidemiology and control. | the most important units of the malaria vectorial system in tropical africa are included in the linnaean taxon anopheles gambiae, which has been split into six sibling species recognized by the application of genetic techniques. more recent studies have shown further complexities involving chromosomal inversion polymorphism in some vector populations as well as incipient speciation processes. the significance for field research in malaria of the splitting of a morphological taxon into geneticall ... | 1984 | 6335681 |
| human ecology and behaviour in malaria control in tropical africa. | since about 250 bc, human modification of african environments has created increasingly favourable breeding conditions for anopheles gambiae. subsequent adaptations to the increased malaria risk are briefly described and reference is made to macdonald's mathematical model for the disease. since values for the variables in that model are high in tropical africa, there is little possibility that simple, inexpensive, self-help primary health care initiatives can control malaria in the region. howev ... | 1984 | 6335685 |
| first field trial of an immunoradiometric assay for the detection of malaria sporozoites in mosquitoes. | an immunoradiometric assay (irma) using a monoclonal antibody to the major surface protein of plasmodium falciparum sporozoites was used to assess the p. falciparum sporozoite rate in a west african population of anopheles gambiae (s.1.). unlike current dissection techniques, the irma could detect sporozoite antigen in dried as well as fresh mosquitoes. in a controlled comparison, the sensitivity of the irma was comparable that of the dissection technique. additionally, the irma was species spec ... | 1984 | 6383093 |
| lessons learned from applied field research activities in africa during the malaria eradication era. | the malaria conference in equatorial africa, convened by the world health organization in 1950 in kampala, uganda, was a milestone in the history of modern malaria control activities on the continent of africa. it presented and assessed the available international information on epidemiological aspects of this disease and attempted to coordinate the various methods of research and control of malaria. its two main recommendations were that malaria should be controlled by all available methods, ir ... | 1984 | 6397274 |
| recent applied field research activities carried out in tropical africa. | a review has been undertaken of applied field research in malaria in tropical africa from 1975 onwards, the aim being to show recent trends and to emphasize the needs for further research in support of malaria control.studies are grouped according to whether they relate to parasites, vectors, epidemiology, or control. the first group is concerned mainly with the study of the appearance and development of resistance of plasmodium falciparum to drugs. the second group deals with vector bionomics a ... | 1984 | 6397275 |
| vector control operations in the african context. | in order to define the scope of vector control as a component of malaria control in the who african region, examples of recent experiences with different vector control methods in this region are reviewed. residual house spraying applied alone or in combination with mass drug administration has failed to interrupt malaria transmission in savanna areas for several technical and administrative reasons. nevertheless, there is evidence that residual house spraying has led to an improvement in genera ... | 1984 | 6397279 |
| oviposition by african malaria vector mosquitoes. ii. effects of site tone, water type and conspecific immatures on target selection by freshwater anopheles gambiae giles, sensu lato. | females of anopheles gambiae s. lat., most of which would have been a. gambiae s. str., were collected from houses in coastal kenya and tested for their oviposition preferences using petri dishes in large laboratory cages with lighting equivalent to weak moonlight. significantly more eggs were laid overnight in water over black than over paler tones, and this difference increased as contrast with the surrounding floor was increased. direct observation revealed that over white targets, females ov ... | 1984 | 6486937 |
| studies on the vector of kala-azar in kenya, viii. the outbreak in machakos district; epidemiological features and a possible way of control. | the epidemiology of kala-azar was studied in east katangini, the area in machakos district where the incidence of the disease had been highest during the epidemic years 1977-1979. a house-to-house survey showed that 19.3% of the homesteads had harboured kala-azar patients in the period 1977-1980, while 3.2% of the people had suffered from the disease. significantly more males had had the disease than females and more children than adults, while the male patients came mainly from poorer homestead ... | 1984 | 6532329 |
| a new cage for observing mating behavior of wild anopheles gambiae in the laboratory. | 1985 | 3880236 | |
| a field test of a biochemical key to identify members of the anopheles gambiae group of species in north-east tanzania. | the usefulness of a proposed biochemical key to the species of the anopheles gambiae complex is tested against the standard chromosomal method in n.e. tanzania. the chromosomal identifications indicate the presence of three sibling species of the complex in this area, partly in coexisting populations. the electromorph frequencies at the diagnostic enzyme loci, octanol-dehydrogenase (odh) and superoxide dismutase (sod), show neither significant geographical nor seasonal variation. it is confirmed ... | 1985 | 3906146 |
| studies on a newly isolated strain of plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and different anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from an aotus vociferans monkey from peru. the parasite readily infected aotus monkeys from bolivia and columbia and saimiri sciureus monkeys from peru and bolivia. highest level mosquito infections were obtained by feeding on the saimiri monkeys. the most susceptible mosquito was anopheles freeborni, followed by anopheles dirus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles culicifacies, anopheles maculatus and anopheles albimanus. anopheles q ... | 1985 | 4093810 |
| seasonal variations in indoor resting anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in kaduna, nigeria. | a longitudinal study in a guinea savanna area in northern nigeria showed that indoor resting samples consisted almost entirely of an. gambiae in the wet season, characterized by relatively lower temperature and higher relative humidity, whereas an. arabiensis predominated in the dry season, characterized by relatively higher temperature and lower relative humidity. a significant change was also observed in the frequency of polymorphic chromosomal inversions in the population of an. gambiae. the ... | 1985 | 2862779 |
| [epidemiologic study of malaria in the rice-growing regions of yagoua and maga (north cameroon)]. | the results of the malaria investigation carried out in april 1981 in the irrigated regions of the logone valley show that plasmodium falciparum is the only species o. the genus plasmodium to be found there. in terms of parasitaemia in blood, the prevalence of malaria is highest in the 5 to 9 year-old age group, whereas fluorescent antibodies are to be found progressively greater quantities as subjects grow older. from the age of 40, 95% of the inhabitants of the region present circulating antib ... | 1985 | 2863004 |
| observations on the distribution of the anopheles gambiae complex in tanzania. | adult male and female mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae group of species from fourteen localities in tanzania were studied using either chromosomal inversions, enzyme electrophoresis or both techniques. the 6481 specimens analyzed consisted of 64.4% an. gambiae, 33.6% an. arabiensis, and 2.0% an. merus, but no an. quadriannulatus. an. gambiae and an. merus are reported from zanzibar for the first time. an. merus was recorded at buiko, 167 km inland. an. arabiensis is the predominant or exclusi ... | 1986 | 2877554 |
| studies on insecticide susceptibility of anopheles gambiae s.1. and culex quinquefasciatus in the area of ouagadougou, burkina faso (west africa). | tests to evaluate the susceptibility level in anopheles gambiae s.1. and culex quinquefasciatus from ouagadougou and two nearby villages have been carried out. anopheles gambiae s.1. larvae from ouagadougou showed complete susceptibility to organophosphates and carbamates, and adults showed low level resistance to ddt. nine percent survival of adult an. gambiae s.1. to one hour exposure of 4% ddt was observed in samples from zaghtouli village while in those from koubri village, where dieldrin al ... | 1986 | 3507503 |
| the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium reichenowi. | plasmodium reichenowi, a malarial parasite of the chimpanzee, was infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles maculatus, anopheles dirus, and anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae and anopheles albimanus were not infected. mean oocyst diameters of p. reichenowi were smaller than those of the other chimpanzee parasite, plasmodium schwetzi. sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of an. freeborni at 15 days when held at 25 to 2 ... | 1986 | 3734994 |
| [antimalarial campaign program in ouagadougou (burkina faso): the anopheles gambiae complex in the city of ouagadougou and surrounding villages]. | 1986 | 3752794 | |
| [levels of sensitivity of anopheles gambiae s.l. to traditional insecticides and evaluation of the efficiency of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus]. | 1986 | 3752796 | |
| [laboratory observation of inversion polymorphisms originating from the crossing of various populations of anopheles gambiae s.s]. | 1986 | 3752798 | |
| chromosomal and electrophoretic identification of a sample of anopheles gambiae group (diptera: culicidae) from the island of grand comoros, indian ocean. | 1986 | 3795236 | |
| [a longitudinal entomologic survey on the transmission of malaria in ouagadougou (burkina faso)]. | a longitudinal entomological malaria survey was carried out in five zones of the town of ouagadougou, burkina faso, and in three neighbouring villages. the main vector is anopheles gambiae s.l. with an. funestus having a role in some localities during the dry season. pyrethrum spray catches were carried out once or twice per month to determine variations in vector density. inoculation rates were estimated from the number of blood-fed vectors per man and from the sporozoite rates. larval sampling ... | 1986 | 3455529 |
| [dispersion of anopheles gambiae s.l. in an urban zone of ouagadougou (burkina faso)]. | dispersion of anopheles gambiae s.l. from larval breeding places was examined in the town of ougadougou, burkina faso. a suitable study area was chosen, characterized by high concentration of larval breeding places along a water reservoir. mosquito density per room was calculated from the results of pyrethrum spray catches carried out on a series of seven groups of collecting stations along a transect from 100 to 1050 m from the water reservoir area. high density and uniform distribution of hous ... | 1986 | 3455531 |
| [chromosomal study of anopheles gambiae and anopheles arabiensis in ouagadougou (burkina faso) and various neighboring villages]. | adult females of anopheles gambiae s.1. were collected by pyrethrum spray catch in ouagadougou (burkina faso, formerly upper volta) and in four neighbouring villages. the collections have been carried out mostly during the 1984 rainy season. monthly collections in some sampling sites allowed a preliminary longitudinal study. by analysis of nurse cell polytene chromosomes in adult females, an. gambiae s.str. and an. arabiensis were identified in the study area. both species showed polymorphisms f ... | 1986 | 3455532 |
| insecticide susceptibility levels of anopheles gambiae s.l. in the area of ouagadougou, burkina faso. | tests to evaluate the susceptibility level in anopheles gambiae s.1. from ouagadougou and two nearby villages have been carried out. anopheles gambiae s.1. larvae from ouagadougou showed complete susceptibility to organophosphates and carbamates, and adults showed low-level resistance to ddt. nine percent survival of adult an. gambiae s.1. to one-hour exposure of 4% ddt was observed in samples from zagtouli village while in those from koubri village, where dieldrin also was tested, resistance to ... | 1986 | 3455533 |
| [epidemiological aspects of malaria in 2 villages of the manyemen forest region (cameroon, southwest province)]. | in terms of parasitaemia in blood, the prevalence was 18.7% for plasmodium falciparum, 10.5% for p. ovale and 1% for p. malariae in the villages of mungo ndor and kokobuma. the plasmodial index of children from 2 to 9 years of age was 38.2% and the spleen index 26.6%, with a mean hackett score of 1.56. malaria is thus meso-endemic in the region. the immunofluorescent test performed with a p. falciparum antigen was positive in 66% of the children in the same age group. parasites were seen in 15% ... | 1986 | 3523108 |
| [comparative estimate of the rates of infection with sporozoites and filaria in various forms of the anopheles gambiae complex in a village in mali]. | 1986 | 3530084 | |
| genetic selection of a plasmodium-refractory strain of the malaria vector anopheles gambiae. | the anopheline mosquito is the target in most malaria control programs, primarily through the use of residual insecticides. a mosquito was studied that is refractory to most species of malaria through a genetically controlled mechanism. a strain of anopheles gambiae, which was selected for complete refractoriness to the simian malaria parasite plasmodium cynomolgi, also has varying degrees of refractoriness to most other malaria species examined, including the human parasites p. falciparum, p. o ... | 1986 | 3532325 |
| the susceptibility of three species in three genera of mosquito larvae to a microsporidian vavraia culicis (weiser) and its histopathology on the tissues of the recipient host anopheles gambiae giles in the laboratory. | 1986 | 3110060 | |
| [mosquito net barriers for sample collection of zoophilic culicidae]. | mosquito net fences 2.30-2.50 m high placed around cowsheds at their night resting sites have been successfully utilized to obtain large samples of malaria vectors of the anopheles gambiae complex and of other mosquito species. collections of blood-fed mosquitoes were carried out during the night by inspecting regularly the net side facing the animal enclosure. this sampling procedure has important advantages over alternative procedures based on direct collection on animal or on the use of anima ... | 1986 | 2901709 |
| field observations on the use of anti-sporozoite monoclonal antibodies for determination of infection rates in malaria vectors. | samples of indoor-resting anopheles gambiae s.1. from mali and burkina faso (west africa) were processed in order to compare plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates obtained by immunoradiometric assay (irma) with circumsporozoite (cs) monoclonal antibody and by microscope examination of salivary glands. the immunological method provided sporozoite rates always higher than those obtained by microscope examination. this result does not appear to be related to cross-reactions involving non-sporozoit ... | 1986 | 3332042 |
| cs antigen localization in malaria vectors: hypothetical refractoriness to transmission observed in the field. | indoor resting anopheles gambiae s.l. were collected in two villages near ouagadougou, burkina faso, and processed to investigate the presence and distribution of plasmodium sporozoites. salivary glands were dissected, examined by phase contrast microscopy and further processed by irma in order to reveal the presence of the circumsporozoite (cs) antigen of p. falciparum. the corresponding thoraces were homogenized and processed by irma. in the village characterized by the higher inoculation rate ... | 1986 | 3332304 |
| a dna probe to distinguish the species anopheles quadriannulatus from other species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | dna probes used previously to distinguish the species anopheles gambiae sensu stricto, an.arabiensis, an.melas and an.merus were tested against an.quadriannulatus. using these dna probes, an.gambiae s.s. and an.quadriannulatus were indistinguishable. a genomic library was constructed for an.quadriannulatus. differential screening of this genomic library with an.gambiae s.s. and an.quadriannulatus genomic dnas identified a species-specific, repeated dna sequence. when used as a hybridization prob ... | 1987 | 3450008 |
| detection and anatomical localization of plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein and sporozoites in the afrotropical malaria vector anopheles gambiae s.l. | salivary glands from anopheles gambiae s.l. collected in burkina faso, west africa, were analyzed by both microscopic examination and immunoradiometric assay to determine the plasmodium falciparum sporozoite rates. using the same mosquito samples, the immunoassay revealed positive salivary glands with low sporozoite loads, which were frequently missed by microscopy. a closer agreement between both techniques was found using salivary glands with high sporozoite loads. we also found a number of mo ... | 1987 | 3318517 |
| [malaria, anemia and nutritional status: longitudinal study of their interaction in a sahelian zone (senegal)]. | two villages in the sahelian zone of the senegal river basin, were surveyed during one year. on 5 occasions (may, july, october 1982, january, march 1983) 200 persons were clinically examined and a parasitological (parasite rate and specific antibodies), haematological and biochemical examination was done. at the same time an entomological survey was performed. the two vectors were anopheles gambiae ss. and a. arabiensis with a predominance of the first. although the number of infective bites is ... | 1987 | 3319263 |
| studies on the development of metacyclic trypanosoma brucei sspp. cultivated at 27 degrees c with insect cell lines. | when transformed procyclic trypanosomes of three stocks of trypanosoma brucei brucei and one stock of t.b. rhodesiense were grown at 27 degrees c in 25-cm2 flasks containing anopheles gambiae cells, some of them developed into forms infective for mice. infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions revealed that up to 2.8 x 10(5) metacyclic forms per ml could be produced, and the cultures remained infective for varying periods of up to 72 days when they were terminated. of the various culture ... | 1987 | 3123646 |
| location of genes on chromosome arms in the anopheles gambiae group of species and their correlation to linkage data for other anopheline mosquitoes. | the use of paracentric inversions as genetic markers in the anopheles gambiae group of mosquitoes is described. the gene for dieldrin resistance is assigned to chromosome 2 which in turn is correlated to the previous assignment of the gene to linkage group ii. the locus of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase 2 (pgm 2) is similarly assigned to chromosome 2 and evidence is presented for possible linkage between pgm 2 and dieldrin resistance. there was no linkage or correlation of chromosome 2 and loci o ... | 1987 | 2980962 |
| stable integration and expression of a bacterial gene in the mosquito anopheles gambiae. | foreign dna was successfully introduced into the germline of the african mosquito vector of malaria anopheles gambiae. stable integration of genes into the germlines of insects had been achieved previously only in drosophila melanogaster and related species and required the use of the p element transposon. in these experiments with anopheles gambiae, the plasmid puchsneo was used, which contains the selectable marker neo gene flanked by p element inverted repeats. mosquitoes injected with this p ... | 1987 | 3039658 |
| field evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for plasmodium falciparum sporozoite detection in anopheline mosquitoes from kenya. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a repetitive epitope on the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium falciparum was used in kenya to assess malaria infections in anopheles gambiae s.l. and an. funestus. the elisa confirmed that 88% of 44 sporozoite-positive gland dissections were p. falciparum. the elisa infection rate of 18.6% (n = 736) for individually tested mosquitoes for both species was significantly higher than the 10.4% (n = 537) sal ... | 1987 | 3555134 |
| [malaria in a forest-savannah mosaic zone of central africa, brazzaville region. i. results of entomological studies]. | anopheles gambiae is the main malaria vector in rural areas in the brazzaville region; the other vectors collected in this area (a. funestus, a. moucheti, a. nili) are much rarer and have little epidemiological importance. malaria transmission is intense and perennial; according to the villages, the level of exposure of the population varies from about 200 to 1,000 infective bites per person per year. | 1987 | 3608001 |
| laboratory and field efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus against anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in ouagadougou, burkina faso. | two wettable powders (bactimos and vectobac) and one flowable concentrate (teknar) of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) and primary powders of bacillus sphaericus isolates 1593 and 2362 were evaluated (laboratory) against field-collected larvae of anopheles gambiae s.l. and culex quinquefasciatus in ouagadougou, burkina faso. bactimos, vectobac and a corn-cob b.t.i. formulation (abg-6138g) were field tested against cx. quinquefasciatus and an. gambiae s.l. the isolates of b. sphae ... | 1987 | 3504891 |
| adult behaviour of members of the anopheles gambiae complex in the gambia with special reference to an. melas and its chromosomal variants. | polytene chromosome studies on the member species of the anopheles gambiae complex in the gambia and surrounding areas in senegal led to comparative observations on bionomics of sympatric populations of an. melas and an. gambiae. moreover, inversion polymorphisms have been analyzed in an. melas and their possible relationships with behavioural variations in endophily and anthropophily have been considered. an. melas shows a remarkably short dispersal from typical larval breeding places associate ... | 1987 | 3508262 |
| a ribosomal rna gene probe differentiates member species of the anopheles gambiae complex. | a 0.59 kilobase dna fragment cloned from an rdna cistron of the mosquito anopheles gambiae can be used as a probe to differentiate between a. gambiae, a. arabiensis, and a. melas, three morphologically identical sibling species in the a. gambiae complex which otherwise can be reliably distinguished only by polytene chromosome banding patterns. although all are important (and often sympatric) african malaria vectors, their relative roles in malaria transmission have thus far been difficult to ass ... | 1987 | 2886070 |
| proteolysis in the gut of mosquito larvae results in further activation of the bacillus sphaericus toxin. | gut proteases from the larvae of the mosquito culex pipiens convert the 43-kilodalton (kda) toxin from bacillus sphaericus 2362 to a 40-kda peptide. the 50% lethal concentration of this peptide for tissue culture-grown cells of culex quinquefasciatus was 1.0 microgram/ml (as determined by the intracellular atp assay), 54-fold less than that of the 43-kda peptide. gut proteases from anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti, as well as bovine pancreatic trypsin, also converted the 43-kda protein to a 4 ... | 1987 | 2886104 |
| the effectiveness of mosquito coils containing esbiothrin under laboratory and field conditions. | tests were made to correlate the chemical content of mosquito coils with the knockdown and bite-inhibitory action of the smoke in the laboratory and with the protective effect in field use. smoke from a blank coil, containing no pyrethroid, gave no knockdown, 10% inhibition of biting in the laboratory using aedes aegypti, and 39% protection in field tests in village huts on the kenyan coast with a mixed population of mosquitoes including 71% anopheles gambiae. coils containing low experimental c ... | 1987 | 2891344 |
| studies of house-entering habits of mosquitoes in the gambia, west africa: experiments with prefabricated huts with varied wall apertures. | the house-entering behaviour of nocturnal mosquitoes was studied in the gambia. mosquitoes were captured as they attacked man in the open and in experimental huts which comprised 1.8 m cube frames with corrugated iron roofs and plywood walls of various heights. catches of all species were similar in the open and in a roofed, but unwalled, hut frame. the mosquitoes taken in catches in unwalled huts and others with wall heights of 0.6, 1.2 and 1.7 m (giving an 8 cm eaves-level entry slit) fell int ... | 1987 | 2908761 |
| dna probes for species identification of mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex. | identification of species within the anopheles gambiae giles species complex is essential for the correct evaluation of malaria vector ecology studies and control programmes. the development of dna probes to distinguish species of the an.gambiae complex is described. genomic libraries were prepared for four members of the an.gambiae complex. these were screened using radiolabelled dna from different species of an.gambiae sensu lato and a number of clones selected on the basis of their species sp ... | 1987 | 2979526 |
| efficacy of bacillus sphaericus 2362 against larvae of anopheles gambiae under laboratory and field conditions in west africa. | a flowable concentrate of bacillus sphaericus (neide) strain 2362 was applied against anopheles gambiae giles s.l. mosquito larve in small plot field trials in bobo-dioulasso area. burkina-faso. third and fourth instar larvae were controlled for 10-15 days with a dosage of 10 g/m2, 3-10 days with 1 or 0.1 mg/m2, and 2 days with 0.01 g/m2. complete elimination of larval populations required 1 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(3) viable spores/ml in the larval feeding zone. after treatment, the total numbers of v ... | 1987 | 2979529 |
| efficacy of permethrin-impregnated curtains for malaria vector control. | preliminary results obtained by the use of permethrin-impregnated curtains against the afrotropical malaria vectors anopheles gambiae giles s.l. and an.funestus giles are reported and discussed. field trials were carried out in villages near ouagadougou, burkina faso. houses were provided with curtains made from 100% cotton netting, impregnated with permethrin at the dose of 1 g a.i./m2, to cover the doorway, the window(s) and the space under the eaves. entomological data collected during the pe ... | 1987 | 2979531 |
| observations on the anopheles gambiae complex in the senegal river basin, west africa. | 1. three sibling species of mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae complex are found in the senegal river basin: an. melas theobald, an. gambiae giles and an. arabiensis patton. 2. an. melas is restricted to the river delta and environs where saltwater breeding places are present. 3. an. gambiae and an. arabiensis are sympatric in the study area; an. arabiensis predominates in coastal zones where it breeds also during the dry season; an. gambiae predominates in inland areas where breeding is mostly ... | 1987 | 2979546 |
| use of a male-specific dna probe to distinguish female mosquitoes of the anopheles gambiae species complex. | a method has been developed to distinguish between mated female individuals of the sibling species anopheles gambiae giles sensu stricto and anopheles arabiensis patton. the dna probe pana1, reported by gale & crampton (1987a) to be useful for the specific identification of an. arabiensis males, is here shown to be sufficiently sensitive to deduce the species identity of inseminated females from the identity of the sperm contained within the spermatheca. | 1988 | 2980163 |
| elisa absorbance cut-off method affects malaria sporozoite rate determination in wild afrotropical anopheles. | malaria sporozoite infection rates in a mixed species group of 244 anopheles gambiae giles sensu lato and 115 an.funestus giles wild female mosquitoes were compared using three methods to determine cut-off absorbance values for positivity of a plasmodium falciparum welch enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). positive controls were based on p.falciparum circumsporozoite protein. as negative controls, four wild male anopheles were included on each microtitre plate; tests were repeated on four ... | 1988 | 2980182 |
| cultivation of the life cycle stages of trypanosoma brucei sspp. | a culture system was devised for the production of the various stages in the developmental cycle of trypanosoma brucei brucei and t. b. rhodesiense. the bloodstream forms were grown at 37 degrees c on a feeder layer of fibroblasts from embryos of microtus montanus or cd-1 mice in hepes-buffered minimum essential medium with earle's salts, supplemented with 15% heat-inactivated rabbit serum. when they were transferred to hepes-buffered cunningham's medium and incubated at 27 degrees c, they trans ... | 1988 | 2896444 |
| bancroftian filariasis in the igwun basin, nigeria. an epidemiological, parasitological, and clinical study in relation to the transmission dynamics. | a 12-month field and laboratory study was carried out to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and transmission dynamics of bancroftian filariasis in the igwun basin, nigeria. a total of 1,418 individuals (768 males, and 650 females) were examined for clinical signs of filariasis. 690 day provocative blood samples (dps), and 728 night blood samples (nbs) were examined for microfilaremia. 14.3% of males and 11.1% of females were mf positive. 5.8% of dps, and 19.5% of the nbs were mf posi ... | 1988 | 2901204 |
| bancroftian filariasis in the igwun basin, nigeria: an epidemiological, parasitological, and clinical study in relation to the transmission dynamics. | a 12-months study on bancroftian filariasis was carried out in the igwun basin, nigeria. a total of 1,418 individuals (768 males, and 650 females) were examined for microfilaremia and clinical filarial stigmata. there were 14.3% and 11.1% male and female point prevalence rates, respectively, and an overall prevalence of 12.8%. prevalence rates and microfilarial density increased with age. the highest mff density of 35 mff/20 ml blood occurred in the 40-49 year old male individuals. disease rates ... | 1988 | 3049274 |
| factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 1. uptake of microfilariae. | ingestion of wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (mf) from humans by 639 anopheles gambiae, 557 an. arabiensis, 117 an. melas and 9 an. funestus was investigated. the mf densities in blood fell into 3 groups; 0-32mf/ml, 107-122 mf/ml and 421-1140 mf/ml. in an. gambiae and an. arabiensis percentage of mosquitoes ingesting mf was strongly associated with mf density in host blood; in an. melas the association was much weaker. mean number of mf ingested per mosquito was also strongly correlated to mf ... | 1988 | 3051542 |
| factors affecting transmission of wuchereria bancrofti by anopheline mosquitoes. 2. damage to ingested microfilariae by mosquito foregut armatures and development of filarial larvae in mosquitoes. | microfilariae (mf) of wuchereria bancrofti from the midgut of 639 anopheles gambiae, 557 an. arabiensis, 117 an. melas and 9 an. funestus were examined immediately after the mosquitoes had fed on carriers with different densities of mf. the percentages of mf damaged during ingestion were 57.1-60.0 in an. gambiae, 33.3-50.6 in an. arabiensis and 38.7-55.7 in an. melas. in each species the percentage of mf damaged was independent of mf density in the human host. a further 3657 an. gambiae, 2875 an ... | 1988 | 3051543 |
| identification of malaria species by elisa in sporozoite and oocyst infected anopheles from western kenya. | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the circumsporozoite (cs) antigens of plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, and p. ovale were used to identify species of sporozoite and oocyst infections detected by dissection in anopheles gambiae s.1. and an. funestus collected in western kenya. elisas identified 92.5% of 1,113 salivary gland infections; plasmodium species infections included 79.4% p. falciparum, 3.2% p. malariae, 1.7% p. ovale, and 2 or more plasmodium species were detected in 15 ... | 1988 | 3056055 |
| study of the distribution of circumsporozoite antigen in anopheles gambiae infected with plasmodium falciparum, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | anopheles gambiae, experimentally infected with plasmodium falciparum, were dissected 14 days later for microscopical detection of sporozoites and oocysts. the head, salivary glands, thorax, midgut, legs, ovaries, malpighian tubules, the remainder of the abdominal tissues and the dissection fluid of each mosquito were examined by a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection and quantification of circumsporozoite antigen (cs ag). 19 mosquitoes had cs ag in at least one o ... | 1988 | 3068853 |
| comparison of dna probe and cytogenetic methods for identifying field collected anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes. | a recently developed dna probe method was compared with the standard cytogenetic method for identifying the species of individual mosquitoes in the anopheles gambiae complex. the complex consists of 6 morphologically indistinguishable sibling species that include the major african malaria vectors. half-gravid, field collected mosquitoes were split into 2 portions: the abdomen was preserved for ovarian nurse cell cytotaxonomy and the head/thorax portion was desiccated for dna extraction. cytogene ... | 1988 | 3207175 |