Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| the molecular prevalence and msa-2b gene-based genetic diversity of babesia bovis in dairy cattle in thailand. | bovine babesiosis is an economically significant disease that affects dairy farming operations in thailand. in the present study, 1824 blood-dna samples prepared from cattle bred in 4 different regions of the country (north, northeast, central, and south) were screened using a nested pcr for the specific detection of babesia bovis. while the overall prevalence of b. bovis was 8.8%, the central region of thailand was found to be a high-risk area of the country, as the prevalence of the parasite w ... | 2013 | 23953761 |
| evaluation of a real-time pcr assay based on the single-copy sag1 gene for the detection of toxoplasma gondii. | real-time pcr-based detection of toxoplasma gondii is very sensitive and convenient for diagnosing toxoplasmosis. however, the performance of the pcr assays could be influenced by the target gene chosen. here we evaluate a real-time pcr assay using double-stranded dna dyes (sybr(®) green i assay) with a new set of primers targeting the sag1 gene for the fast and specific detection of t. gondii. the assay showed higher sensitivity than conventional pcr protocols using t. gondii dna as template. t ... | 2013 | 23867074 |
| babesia bovis: lipids from virulent s2p and attenuated r1a strains trigger differential signalling and inflammatory responses in bovine macrophages. | the intra-erythrocytic protozoan babesia bovis is an economically important pathogen that causes an acute and often fatal infection in adult cattle. babesiosis limitation depends on the early activation of macrophages, essential cells of the host innate immunity, which can generate an inflammatory response mediated by cytokines and nitric oxide (no). herein, we demonstrate in bovine macrophages that lipids from b. bovis attenuated r1a strain (la) produced a stronger no release, an early tnfα mrn ... | 2013 | 23286221 |
| library of apicomplexan metabolic pathways: a manually curated database for metabolic pathways of apicomplexan parasites. | the library of apicomplexan metabolic pathways (lamp, http://www.llamp.net) is a web database that provides near complete mapping from genes to the central metabolic functions for some of the prominent intracellular parasites of the phylum apicomplexa. this phylum includes the causative agents of malaria, toxoplasmosis and theileriosis-diseases with a huge economic and social impact. a number of apicomplexan genomes have been sequenced, but the accurate annotation of gene function remains challe ... | 2013 | 23193253 |
| loss of neurovirulence is associated with reduction of cerebral capillary sequestration during acute babesia bovis infection. | severe neurological signs that develop during acute infection by virulent strains of babesia bovis are associated with sequestration of infected erythrocytes in cerebral capillaries. serial passage of virulent strains in cattle results in attenuated derivatives that do not cause neurologic disease. we evaluated whether serial passage also results in a loss of cerebral capillary sequestration by examining brain biopsies during acute disease and at necropsy. | 2013 | 23777713 |
| evidence for extensive genetic diversity and substructuring of the babesia bovis metapopulation. | babesia bovis is a tick-transmitted haemoprotozoan and a causative agent of bovine babesiosis, a cattle disease that causes significant economic loss in tropical and subtropical regions. a panel of nineteen micro- and minisatellite markers was used to estimate population genetic parameters of eighteen parasite isolates originating from different continents, countries and geographic regions including north america (mexico, usa), south america (argentina, brazil), the middle east (israel) and aust ... | 2013 | 24589113 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for cattle anaplasmosis, babesiosis, and trypanosomiasis in a brazilian semiarid region. | the seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and trypanosoma vivax and the risk factors for these infections were investigated in 509 cows on 37 farms in the semiarid region of paraíba, northeastern brazil. cow serum samples were tested by means of immunofluorescence assay (ifa) against each specific antigen. the mean seroprevalence values per farm were 15.0% (range: 0-75%) for a. marginale, 9.5% (range: 0-40%) for b. bigemina and 26.9% (range: 0-73.7%) for b. bovis ... | 2013 | 23802235 |
| association of bola-drb3 alleles with tick-borne disease tolerance in dairy cattle in a tropical environment. | tick-borne disease is one of the most harmful tropical diseases in dairy production. selection of dairy cows for tolerance to tick-borne disease is a challenging concept for dairy breeders in the tropics. the objectives of this study were (1) to detect specific tick-borne pathogen in cattle of different genetics and (2) to examine the polymorphisms of drb3.2 alleles in thai dairy cattle and find the allelic association with tick-borne disease tolerance. specific primers to anaplasma marginale (a ... | 2013 | 23571121 |
| rapid identification and differentiation of theileria sergenti and theileria sinensis using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay. | the present study developed and validated a species-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid detection and discrimination of two benign bovine theileria species -t. sergenti and t. sinensis. the lamp assay is inexpensive and easy to perform and involves a rapid reaction-the amplification can be performed in 55 min or 50 min under isothermal conditions of 61°c or 63°c, respectively, by employing a set of four species-specific primer mixtures. the results can be c ... | 2013 | 22947247 |
| natural babesia bovis infection in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) and crossbred cattle under field conditions in egypt: a preliminary study. | there is a little or no data available on the natural babesia bovis (b. bovis) infection in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) comparing to the available one for cattle. this study was conducted to investigate the natural b. bovis infection in water buffaloes in comparison to crossbred cattle under field conditions in egypt. | 2013 | 25629060 |
| molecular survey of bovine vector-borne pathogens in cebu, philippines. | vector-borne diseases (vbds) continue to threaten the worldwide livestock industry, but comprehensive epidemiological surveys on such diseases have not been conducted in the philippines. in the present study, we screened 408 bovine blood samples from 9 areas in cebu, philippines, for various vbd pathogens using specific pcr assays. the results revealed prevalences of 54.7, 15.4, 10.0, and 12.0% for anaplasma spp., babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, and trypanosoma (tr.) theileri, respectively. in ... | 2013 | 23499481 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in adult dermacentor spp. ticks from nine collection sites in france. | the importance of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is not well recognized in europe. to investigate the role of dermacentor spp. in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens, questing ticks were collected in 9 sites from southern to northwestern france (camargue delta to eastern brittany) where dermacentor spp. exist and tick-borne diseases had occurred previously. three tick species were collected during the spring and autumn of 2009. collected ticks (both males and f ... | 2013 | 23421886 |
| the ovarian transcriptome of the cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, feeding upon a bovine host infected with babesia bovis. | cattle babesiosis is a tick-borne disease of cattle with the most severe form of the disease caused by the apicomplexan, babesia bovis. babesiosis is transmitted to cattle through the bite of infected cattle ticks of the genus rhipicephalus. the most prevalent species is rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, which is distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. the transmission of b. bovis is transovarian and a previous study of the r. microplus ovarian proteome ide ... | 2013 | 24330595 |
| tick passage results in enhanced attenuation of babesia bovis. | serial blood passage of virulent babesia bovis in splenectomized cattle results in attenuated derivatives that do not cause neurologic disease. tick transmissibility can be lost with attenuation, but when retained, attenuated b. bovis can revert to virulence following tick passage. this study provides data showing that tick passage of the partially attenuated b. bovis t2bo derivative strain further decreased virulence compared with intravenous inoculation of the same strain in infected animals. ... | 2014 | 25114111 |
| retrospective study of hemoparasites in cattle in southern italy by reverse line blot hybridization. | tick-borne diseases are widespread in tropical and temperate regions and are responsible for important economic losses in those areas. in order to assess the presence and prevalence of various pathogens in southern italy, we retrospectively analyzed cattle blood samples collected for a previous study in 2000 using reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the study had been carried out in three regions of southern italy on 1,500 randomly selected and apparently healthy adult cattle. rlb showed that ... | 2014 | 24614604 |
| widespread movement of invasive cattle fever ticks (rhipicephalus microplus) in southern texas leads to shared local infestations on cattle and deer. | rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is a highly-invasive tick that transmits the cattle parasites (babesia bovis and b. bigemina) that cause cattle fever. r. microplus and babesia are endemic in mexico and ticks persist in the united states inside a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (teqa) along the rio grande. this containment area is threatened by unregulated movements of illegal cattle and wildlife like white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus). | 2014 | 24742041 |
| prevalence survey of selected bovine pathogens in water buffaloes in the north region of brazil. | although the largest buffalo herd in the occident is in the north region of brazil, few studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of selected parasitic diseases in buffalo herd. the present study was therefore conducted to investigate the epidemiological of toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, and babesia bovis in water buffaloes in the north region of brazil. a total of 4796 buffalo blood samples were randomly collected from five provinces and s ... | 2014 | 24563780 |
| invasive potential of cattle fever ticks in the southern united states. | for >100 years cattle production in the southern united states has been threatened by cattle fever. it is caused by an invasive parasite-vector complex that includes the protozoan hemoparasites babesia bovis and b. bigemina, which are transmitted among domestic cattle via rhipicephalus tick vectors of the subgenus boophilus. in 1906 an eradication effort was started and by 1943 boophilus ticks had been confined to a narrow tick eradication quarantine area (teqa) along the texas-mexico border. ho ... | 2014 | 24742062 |
| targeted surface expression of an exogenous antigen in stably transfected babesia bovis. | babesia bovis is a tick-borne intraerythocytic protozoan responsible for acute disease in cattle which can be controlled by vaccination with attenuated b. bovis strains. emerging b. bovis transfection technologies may increase the usefulness of these live vaccines. one use of transfected b. bovis parasites may be as a vaccine delivery platform. previous transfection methods for b. bovis were limited by single expression sites and intracellular expression of transfected antigens. this study descr ... | 2014 | 24840336 |
| occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle in monduli district, northern tanzania. | haemoparasite infections are among the most economically important cattle diseases in sub-saharan africa. the present study investigated the occurrence of haemoparasites in 295 indigenous cattle from five villages (mswakini, lake manyara, naitolia, makuyuni and nanja) of the monduli district, a wildlife-domestic animal-human interface area in northern tanzania. the data showed that the overall occurrence of haemoparasites in the sampled cattle was 12.5% (95% ci: 8.7% - 16.3%), involving single a ... | 2014 | 25685864 |
| study of vitellogenin in boophilus annulatus tick larvae and its immunological aspects. | boophilus annulatus is an important one-host tick in the mediterranean regions and iran. it can transmit the babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and anaplasma marginale to cattle. nowadays, immunization programs by tick proteins is one of the potential methods for the control and prevention of tick infestations. therefore, the characterization and identification of various tick proteins are necessary. vitellogenin is a precursor of vitellin that is produced in mid gut cells and fat bodies in ticks. ... | 2014 | 25382465 |
| first evaluation of an outbreak of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis in southern brazil using multiplex pcr. | outbreaks of tick-borne disease cases in santa catarina, brazil are known, but the presence of the pathogen dna has never been determined. in this study, the first survey of anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, and babesia bovis dna on blood samples of 33 cattle from an outbreak in ponte alta municipality, santa catarina, brazil, has been carried out. a multiplex pcr detected 54.5% of animals were co-infected with 2 or 3 parasites, while 24.2% were infected with only 1 species. the most preval ... | 2014 | 25352699 |
| mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, ribavirin, and 7-nitroindole inhibit propagation of babesia parasites by targeting inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase. | the resistance of babesia parasites to current anti-babesiosis drugs is an issue of major concern. the inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) of babesia gibsoni has been identified and characterized as a molecular drug target in our previous studies. in the present study, inhibitory effects of impdh inhibitors (mycophenolate mofetil, mizoribine, ribavirin, 7-nitroindole, and mycophenolic acid) were evaluated in vitro or in vivo. in the inhibition assay of recombinant b. gibsoni impdh act ... | 2014 | 24580148 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of babesia orientalis rhoptry-associated protein 1. | the rhoptry-associated protein 1 (rap-1) gene of babesia orientalis was obtained from a cdna expression library by immunoscreening with b. orientalis-infected water buffalo sera. the nucleotide sequence of the cdna was 1732 bp with an open reading frame (orf) of 1434 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 478 amino acid residues with a predicted size of 52.5 kda. the orf was cloned into a pgex-kg plasmid and subsequently expressed as a gst-fusion protein. the recombinant rap-1 of b. orientalis (rborap-1) ... | 2014 | 25199690 |
| genetic polymorphism of babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens-2 (msa-2) isolates from bovine blood and rhipicephalus annulatus ticks in israel. | this study demonstrated the genetic diversity among msa-2c, msa-2a1 and msa-2b proteins of babesia bovis isolates obtained from bovine blood and rhipicephalus annulatus tick samples. the least identities that were observed among the deduced amino acid sequences of msa-2c, msa-2a1 and msa-2b were 55, 63, and 71%, respectively. during the study four b. bovis calves, aged about 1 month, were found to be infected with virulent field strains and developed babesiosis. probably, the calves had received ... | 2014 | 25149097 |
| the babesia bovis gene and promoter model: an update from full-length est analysis. | babesia bovis is an apicomplexan parasite that causes babesiosis in infected cattle. genomes of pathogens contain promising information that can facilitate the development of methods for controlling infections. although the genome of b. bovis is publically available, annotated gene models are not highly reliable prior to experimental validation. therefore, we validated a preproposed gene model of b. bovis and extended the associated annotations on the basis of experimentally obtained full-length ... | 2014 | 25124460 |
| vaccine strategies against babesia bovis based on prime-boost immunizations in mice with modified vaccinia ankara vector and recombinant proteins. | in this study, a recombinant modified vaccinia virus ankara vector expressing a chimeric multi-antigen was obtained and evaluated as a candidate vaccine in homologous and heterologous prime-boost immunizations with a recombinant protein cocktail. the chimeric multi-antigen comprises immunodominant b and t cell regions of three babesia bovis proteins. humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated in mice to compare the immunogenicity induced by different immunization schemes. the best vacc ... | 2014 | 24968152 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a novel heat shock protein 20 of babesia orientalis. | the heat shock protein 20 (hsp20) gene of babesia orientalis (bohsp20) was identified from both genomic dna and cdna. the full-length bohsp20 gene was 690bp with one intron from position 88-243bp. the amplicon obtained from cdna corresponded to a full-length open reading frame (orf) with a length of 534bp, encoding a polypeptide of 178 amino acid residues with a predicted size of 20kda. the orf was cloned into a pet-28a plasmid and subsequently expressed as a his-fusion protein. the recombinant ... | 2014 | 24857770 |
| characterization of a functionally active recombinant 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase from babesia bovis. | the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (dxs) enzyme has been characterized in other species, but not in the genus babesia, which causes major losses in the livestock industries worldwide. therefore, we isolated, cloned and expressed the wild-type b. bovis dxs cdna in escherichia coli and evaluated its enzymatic activity in vitro. dna sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 2061 bp capable of encoding a polypeptide of 686 amino acid residues with a calculated isoelectric point of ... | 2014 | 24739240 |
| human exposure to piroplasms in central and northern italy. | ta serosurvey has been conducted in northern and central italy to investigate the presence in humans of antibodies against zoonotic babesia and theileria species. the study focused on a total of 432 volunteers, of which 290 were persistently exposed to tick bites because of their jobs (forester employees, livestock keepers, veterinary practitioners, farmers and hunters) and 142 resident in the same area less frequently exposed. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for humans was used to ... | 2014 | 24715592 |
| the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein repertoire of babesia bovis and its significance for erythrocyte invasion. | glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins are abundant on the surface of pathogenic protozoans and might play an important role for parasite survival. in the present work, the relevance of gpi-anchored proteins for erythrocyte invasion of the cattle hemoparasite babesia bovis was studied. we show that cleavage of gpi-anchored antigens from the merozoite parasite stage by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c abolished invasion of erythrocytes demonstrating the importance of this cla ... | 2014 | 24642346 |
| inhibitory effect of allicin on the growth of babesia and theileria equi parasites. | allicin is an active ingredient of garlic that has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiprotozoal activity. however, the inhibitory effects of allicin on babesia parasites have not yet been examined. in the present study, allicin was tested as a potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equine babesia parasites and the in vivo growth of babesia microti in a mouse model. the in vitro growth of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia caballi, or theileria equi was inhibi ... | 2014 | 24173810 |
| molecular and seroepidemiological survey of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infections in cattle and water buffaloes in the central region of vietnam. | in the present study, a total of 137 blood samples were collected from cattle and water buffaloes in central region of vietnam and tested using nested polymerase chain reaction (npcr), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) to determine the molecular and serological prevalence of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina. in cattle, the prevalence of b. bovis and b. bigemina was 21.3% and 16.0% by npcr, 73.4% and 42.6% by elisa and 60.6% and 59.6% by ifa ... | 2014 | 25382466 |
| vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead. | summary bovine babesiosis caused by the tick-transmitted haemoprotozoans babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and babesia divergens commonly results in substantial cattle morbidity and mortality in vast world areas. although existing live vaccines confer protection, they have considerable disadvantages. therefore, particularly in countries where large numbers of cattle are at risk, important research is directed towards improved vaccination strategies. here a comprehensive overview of currently used ... | 2014 | 25068315 |
| evaluation of the inhibitory effects of miltefosine on the growth of babesia and theileria parasites. | miltefosine, a membrane-active synthetic ether-lipid analogue, has antiproliferative and antiparasitic effects. in this study, the inhibitory effects of miltefosine were evaluated against three babesia species and theileria equi in vitro and against babesia microti in mice. the drug showed significant growth inhibition from an initial parasitemia of 1% for babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia caballi, and t. equi with ic50 values of 25, 10.2, 10.4, and 99 μm, respectively. complete inhibitio ... | 2014 | 24938827 |
| a pcr method targeting internal transcribed spacers: the simultaneous detection of babesia bigemina and babesia bovis in cattle. | in this study, two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the nucleotide sequence of the internal transcribed spacers (itss) of babesia bigemina and b. bovis isolates from china. the primers were used in a multiplex pcr to detect parasite dna in blood samples from cattle. there was no cross reactions with b. ovata, b. major, b. sp. kashi, theileria annulata, t. sergenti, t. sinensis or normal bovine dna. the sensitivity of multiplex pcr assay was 1 pg and 10 pg dna for b. bi ... | 2014 | 24570060 |
| diagnostic value of the recombinant tandem repeat antigen tegm6-4r for surra in water buffaloes. | trypanosoma evansi infection, or surra, is currently affecting various species of animals, especially water buffaloes. since diagnosis is an important aspect of surra control, development of novel diagnostic antigens is of interest to implement and improve the currently utilized methods. our study evaluated the tandem repeat antigen tegm6-4r in t. evansi antibody detection in water buffaloes. tegm6-4r-based elisa was performed with 20 positive and 8 negative controls and 484 field samples from w ... | 2014 | 24524896 |
| genetic characterization of babesia and theileria parasites in water buffaloes in sri lanka. | water buffaloes are thought to be the reservoir hosts for several hemoprotozoan parasites that infect cattle. in the present study, we surveyed sri lankan bred water buffaloes for infections with babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis using parasite-specific pcr assays. when 320 blood-derived dna samples from water buffaloes reared in three different districts (polonnaruwa, mannar, and mullaitivu) of sri lanka were pcr screened, b. bovis, b. bigemina, and t ... | 2014 | 24365246 |
| nested pcr detection and phylogenetic analysis of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina in cattle from peri-urban localities in gauteng province, south africa. | babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are tick-borne hemoparasites causing babesiosis in cattle worldwide. this study was aimed at providing information about the occurrence and geographical distribution of b. bovis and b. bigemina species in cattle from gauteng province, south africa. a total of 268 blood samples collected from apparently healthy animals in 14 different peri-urban localities were tested using previously established nested pcr assays for the detection of b. bovis and b. bigemina sp ... | 2014 | 24065081 |
| the gatekeeper residue and beyond: homologous calcium-dependent protein kinases as drug development targets for veterinarian apicomplexa parasites. | specific roles of individual cdpks vary, but in general they mediate essential biological functions necessary for parasite survival. a comparative analysis of the structure-activity relationships (sar) of neospora caninum, eimeria tenella and babesia bovis calcium-dependent protein kinases (cdpks) together with those of plasmodium falciparum, cryptosporidium parvum and toxoplasma gondii was performed by screening against 333 bumped kinase inhibitors (bkis). structural modelling and experimental ... | 2014 | 24927073 |
| evaluation of a fluorescence-based method for antibabesial drug screening. | in vitro evaluation of chemotherapeutic agents against babesia and theileria parasites has become routine, and the effectiveness of these chemicals is usually determined by comparing the parasitemia dynamics of untreated and treated parasites. although microscopy is widely used to calculate parasitemia, several disadvantages are associated with this technique. the present study evaluated a fluorescence-based method using sybr green i stain (sg i) to screen antibabesial agents in in vitro culture ... | 2014 | 24914124 |
| diversity of babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen genes in the philippines. | babesia bovis is the causative agent of fatal babesiosis in cattle. in the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of b. bovis among philippine cattle, based on the genes that encode merozoite surface antigens (msas). forty-one b. bovis-positive blood dna samples from cattle were used to amplify the msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c genes. in phylogenetic analyses, the msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c gene sequences generated from philippine b. bovis-positive dna samples were found in six, three, ... | 2014 | 24042058 |
| babesia bovis dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (bbodhodh) is a novel molecular target of drug for bovine babesiosis. | the emergence of drug resistance and adverse side effects of current bovine babesiosis treatment suggest that the search of new drug targets and development of safer and effective compounds are required. this study focuses on dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (dhodh), the fourth enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as a potential drug target for bovine babesiosis. recombinant babesia bovis dhodh protein (rbbodhodh) was produced in escherichia coli and used for characterization and measurement of ... | 2014 | 24189582 |
| biochemical characterization of thioredoxin reductase from babesia bovis. | this paper addresses the identification, cloning, expression, purification and functional characterization of thioredoxin reductase from babesia bovis, the etiological agent of babesiosis. the work deals with in vitro steady state kinetic studies and other complementary analyses of the thioredoxin reductase found in the pathogenic protist. thioredoxin reductase from b. bovis was characterized as a homodimeric flavoprotein that catalyzes the nadph-dependent reduction of trx with a high catalytic ... | 2014 | 24239559 |
| genotypic diversity in babesia bovis field isolates and vaccine strains from south africa. | genotypic diversity in babesia bovis (cause of asiatic redwater in cattle) vaccine strains and field isolates from south africa were investigated using the bv80 gene as well as microsatellites. the s11 vaccine strain possessed both a and b alleles of the bv80 gene, as well as genotypic diversity within each allele type as defined by repeat variation resulting in different amplicon sizes. rapid serial passage of vaccine strain from passage s10 to s24 resulted in loss of genotypic diversity that y ... | 2014 | 24231390 |
| quantitative study of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle from são paulo state, brazil. | the qpcr technique with sybr green was used to estimate the prevalence and level of babesia bovis infection in beef cattle raised in areas endemic for babesiosis in brazil, where the animals were continuously exposed to ticks (rhipicephalus microplus). this is the first report in which qpcr was used to quantify and compare b. bovis dna in blood of different cattle breeds. blood samples were collected from 150 animals (75 cows and 75 calves) of the angus and nelore breeds and the first generation ... | 2014 | 24522252 |
| a proline racemase based pcr for identification of trypanosoma vivax in cattle blood. | a study was conducted to develop a trypanosoma vivax (t. vivax) specific pcr based on the t. vivax proline racemase (tvprac) gene. forward and reverse primers were designed that bind at 764-783 bp and 983-1002 bp of the gene. to assess its specificity, tvprac pcr was conducted on dna extracted from different haemotropic pathogens: t. vivax from nigeria, ethiopia and venezuela, t. congolense savannah type, t. brucei brucei, t. evansi, t. equiperdum, t. theileri, theileria parva, anaplasma margina ... | 2014 | 24416292 |
| transfection of babesia bovis by double selection with wr99210 and blasticidin-s and its application for functional analysis of thioredoxin peroxidase-1. | genetic manipulation is an essential technique to analyze gene function; however, limited methods are available for babesia bovis, a causative pathogen of the globally important cattle disease, bovine babesiosis. to date, two stable transfection systems have been developed for b. bovis, using selectable markers blasticidin-s deaminase (bsd) or human dihydrofolate reductase (hdhfr). in this work, we combine these two selectable markers in a sequential transfection system. specifically, a parent t ... | 2015 | 25962142 |
| genetic variations in merozoite surface antigen genes of babesia bovis detected in vietnamese cattle and water buffaloes. | the genes that encode merozoite surface antigens (msas) in babesia bovis are genetically diverse. in this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of b. bovis msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c genes in vietnamese cattle and water buffaloes. blood dna samples from 258 cattle and 49 water buffaloes reared in the thua thien hue province of vietnam were screened with a b. bovis-specific diagnostic pcr assay. the b. bovis-positive dna samples (23 cattle and 16 water buffaloes) were then subjected to pcr assa ... | 2015 | 25575442 |
| genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research. | parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ... | 2015 | 25563615 |
| an epidemiological survey of bovine babesia and theileria parasites in cattle, buffaloes, and sheep in egypt. | cattle, buffaloes, and sheep are the main sources of meat and milk in egypt, but their productivity is thought to be greatly reduced by hemoprotozoan parasitic diseases. in this study, we analyzed the infection rates of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata, and theileria orientalis, using parasite-specific pcr assays in blood-dna samples sourced from cattle (n=439), buffaloes (n=50), and sheep (n=105) reared in menoufia, behera, giza, and sohag provinces of egypt. in cattle, the p ... | 2015 | 25305419 |
| molecular and parasitological survey of bovine piroplasms in the black sea region, including the first report of babesiosis associated with babesia divergens in turkey. | clinical cases of babesiosis were evaluated, and the frequency of bovine babesia and theileria parasites was determined in cattle. blood samples and thin blood smears were collected from 23 cattle exhibiting clinical signs of babesiosis. in addition, tick and blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy cattle cograzing from the same area. egg masses obtained from fully engorged female ticks were included. dna isolated from blood and tick samples was screened for babesia and theileri ... | 2015 | 26336265 |
| co-immunization of cattle with a vaccine against babesiosis and lactobacillus casei increases specific igg1 levels to babesia bovis and b. bigemina. | the effect of lactobacillus casei administered along with a live attenuated vaccine vs. bovine babesiosis (vac) on induction of igg1 and igg2 antibodies to babesia bovis and babesia bigemina was assessed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) in bovines of an endemic babesiosis area before (day 0) and after vaccination (days 15 and 30). we previously reported that l. casei increases the efficiency of vac under controlled conditions and under extreme conditions in the field; however, th ... | 2015 | 25936971 |
| tick-borne diseases in syntopic populations of fallow deer (dama dama) and axis deer (axis axis) in northern mexico. | we harvested 21 fallow deer (dama dama) and 17 axis deer (axis axis) in northern mexico. two fallow deer were positive for babesia bigemina and one for babesia bovis. amplicons had the expected 170 and 291 base pairs and were identical to b. bigemina (s45366) and b. bovis (m38218), respectively. | 2015 | 25647599 |
| differentiation between israeli b. bovis vaccine strain and field isolates. | the present study demonstrated for the first time the ability to distinguish between the israeli babesia bovis vaccine strain and field isolates. the existence of an additional ecori restriction site in the rhoptry-associated protein-1 (rap-1) gene, which is unique to the israeli vaccine strain, and the abolition of one of the haeiii restriction sites in the rap-1 gene of the vaccine strain enabled distinction between the israeli b. bovis vaccine strain and field isolates, and this was the basis ... | 2015 | 25636460 |
| co-transmission of the non-transmissible south african babesia bovis s24 vaccine strain during mixed infection with a field isolate. | the south african babesia bovis live blood vaccine, originating from a field isolate attenuated by 23 serial syringe passages in splenectomized calves, has lost the ability to infect the natural vector rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. in this study, infection with mixed parasites from the vaccine strain and a field isolate, resulted in transmission of both genotype populations. comparing the field isolate and transmitted combination indicated no significant difference in their virulence, whi ... | 2015 | 25544307 |
| calcium ions are involved in egress of babesia bovis merozoites from bovine erythrocytes. | bovine babesiosis is a livestock disease known to cause economic losses in endemic areas. the apicomplexan parasite babesia bovis is able to invade and destroy the host's erythrocytes leading to the serious pathologies of the disease, such as anemia and hemoglobinuria. understanding the egress mechanisms of this parasite is therefore a key step to develop new therapeutic strategies. in this study, the possible involvement of ca(2+) in the egress of b. bovis merozoites from infected erythrocytes ... | 2015 | 25298241 |
| shared elements of host-targeting pathways among apicomplexan parasites of differing lifestyles. | apicomplexans are a diverse group of obligate parasites occupying different intracellular niches that require modification to meet the needs of the parasite. to efficiently manipulate their environment, apicomplexans translocate numerous parasite proteins into the host cell. whereas some parasites remain contained within a parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm) throughout their developmental cycle, others do not, a difference that affects the machinery needed for protein export. a signal-mediate ... | 2015 | 25996544 |
| iron superoxide dismutases in eukaryotic pathogens: new insights from apicomplexa and trypanosoma structures. | prior studies have highlighted the potential of superoxide dismutases as drug targets in eukaryotic pathogens. this report presents the structures of three iron-dependent superoxide dismutases (fesods) from trypanosoma cruzi, leishmania major and babesia bovis. comparison with existing structures from plasmodium and other trypanosome isoforms shows a very conserved overall fold with subtle differences. in particular, structural data suggest that b. bovis fesod may display similar resistance to p ... | 2015 | 25961325 |
| characterization and annotation of babesia orientalis apicoplast genome. | babesia orientalis is an obligate intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite of the buffalo (bubalus bubalis, linnaeus, 1758) transmitted by the tick rhipicephalus heamaphysaloides. it is the causative agent of water buffalo babesiosis, one of the most important pathogens of water buffalo in central and southern china. as a member of the phylum apicomplexa, b. orientalis possesses a relatively independent and alga originated organelle the apicoplast. apicoplasts in other apicomplexa parasites are invo ... | 2015 | 26474853 |
| integration of a transfected gene into the genome of babesia bovis occurs by legitimate homologous recombination mechanisms. | this study examines the patterns of gene integration of gfp-bsd upon stable transfection into the t3bo strain of babesia bovis using a plasmid designed to integrate homologous sequences of the parasite's two identical ef-1α a and b genes. while the transfected bbotf-149-6 cell line displayed two distinct patterns of gene integration, clonal lines derived from this strain by cell sorting contained only single gfp-bsd insertions. whole genome sequencing of two selected clonal lines, e9 and c6, ind ... | 2015 | 26417662 |
| evaluating the babesia bovis infection of cattle in china with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | babesia bovis is an important pathogen of bovine babesiosis and causes serious constraints on the health and productivity of domestic cattle in the tropical and subtropical areas of the world. aiming to clarify the prevalence of b. bovis in china, a total of 2,364 cattle serum samples were randomly collected from 45 different areas of 17 provinces in china. antibodies against b. bovis were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a recombinant c-terminal antigen of b. bovis rhop ... | 2015 | 26408597 |
| identification and characterization of a novel 34 kda merozoite protein in babesia orientalis. | a novel babesia orientalis 34 kda protein (designated bop34) was obtained by immunoscreening of a cdna expression library using b. orientalis infected water buffalo serum. the complete nucleotide sequence of the bop34 was 1088 bp, which contained one open reading frame (orf), two untranslated regions (utrs) and a poly (a) tail. the length of orf was 933 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 310 aa with a predicted size of 34 kda. blast analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of bop34 had 71% simila ... | 2015 | 26169218 |
| molecular characterization of babesia bovis m17 leucine aminopeptidase and inhibition of babesia growth by bestatin. | the m17 leucine aminopeptidase (m17lap) enzymes of the other apicomplexan parasites have been characterized and shown to be inhibited by bestatin. though babesia bovis also belongs to the apicomplexan group, it is not known whether its m17lap could display similar biochemical properties as well as inhibition profile. to unravel this uncertainty, a b. bovis m17lap (bbm17lap) gene was expressed in escherichia coli , and activity of the recombinant enzyme as well as its inhibition by bestatin were ... | 2015 | 26057618 |
| molecular biological identification of babesia, theileria, and anaplasma species in cattle in egypt using pcr assays, gene sequence analysis and a novel dna microarray. | in this preliminary study, a novel dna microarray system was tested for the diagnosis of bovine piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in comparison with microscopy and pcr assay results. in the dakahlia governorate, egypt, 164 cattle were investigated for the presence of piroplasms and anaplasma species. all investigated cattle were clinically examined. blood samples were screened for the presence of blood parasites using microscopy and pcr assays. seventy-one animals were acutely ill, whereas 93 were ... | 2015 | 25591406 |
| species distribution modelling for rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in benin, west africa: comparing datasets and modelling algorithms. | rhipicephalus microplus is one of the most widely distributed and economically important ticks, transmitting babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale. it was recently introduced to west africa on live animals originating from brazil. knowing the precise environmental suitability for the tick would allow veterinary health officials to draft vector control strategies for different regions of the country. to test the performance of modelling algorithms and different sets of environmental ... | 2015 | 25466219 |
| a virulent babesia bovis strain failed to infect white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | wildlife are an important component in the vector-host-pathogen triangle of livestock diseases, as they maintain biological vectors that transmit pathogens and can serve as reservoirs for such infectious pathogens. babesia bovis is a tick-borne pathogen, vectored by cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus spp., that can cause up to 90% mortality in naive adult cattle. while cattle are the primary host for cattle fever ticks, wild and exotic ungulates, including white-tailed deer (wtd), are known to be ... | 2015 | 26083429 |
| molecular epidemiological survey and genetic analysis of vector-borne infections of cattle in luzon island, the philippines. | in the philippines, vector-borne disease is one of the important problems in the livestock industry. to elucidate the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases in cattle on luzon island, the philippines, the prevalence of five protozoan agents was assessed by polymerase chain reaction. out of the 339 samples, 324 (95.5%), 154 (45.4%), 209 (61.6%), 140 (41.3%), and 2 (0.6%) were positive for anaplasma marginale, babesia bigemina, babesia bovis, theileria spp., and trypanosoma evansi infections, respe ... | 2015 | 26138152 |
| pharmacological characterization of a tyramine receptor from the southern cattle tick, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus. | the southern cattle tick (rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus) is a hematophagous external parasite that vectors the causative agents of bovine babesiosis or cattle tick fever, babesia bovis and b. bigemina, and anaplasmosis, anaplasma marginale. the southern cattle tick is a threat to the livestock industry in many locations throughout the world. control methods include the use of chemical acaricides including amitraz, a formamidine insecticide, which is proposed to activate octopamine receptor ... | 2015 | 25958152 |
| targeted silencing of the aquaporin 2 gene of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus reduces tick fitness. | ticks are blood-feeding arthropods that can affect human and animal health both directly by blood-feeding and indirectly by transmitting pathogens. the cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus is one of the most economically important ectoparasites of bovines worldwide and it is responsible for the transmission of the protozoan babesia bovis, the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis. aquaporins (aqps) are water channel proteins implicated in physiological mechanisms of osmoregulation. m ... | 2015 | 26626727 |
| genetic characterization and molecular survey of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and babesia ovata in cattle, dairy cattle and yaks in china. | babesiosis is an important haemoparasitic disease, caused by the infection and subsequent intra-erythrocytic multiplication of protozoa of the genus babesia that impacts the livestock industry and animal health. the distribution, epidemiology and genetic characterization of b. bigemina, b. bovis, and b. ovata in cattle in china as well as the prevalence of these protozoan agents were assessed. | 2015 | 26452623 |
| serological and molecular diagnostic surveys combined with examining hematological profiles suggests increased levels of infection and hematological response of cattle to babesiosis infections compared to native buffaloes in egypt. | babesiosis threatens the development of the cattle and buffaloes industries in egypt and improved control is needed. the main objectives of this study are surveying the presence of bovine babesiosis in distinct selected bovine and buffalo populations in egypt using novel molecular and previously validated serological methods, while also comparing the occurrence of hematological alterations among babesia infected cattle and buffalos. | 2015 | 26062684 |
| emergence of oriental theileriosis in cattle and its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in assam, india. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of theileria in blood samples of crossbred and indigenous adult cows raised under unorganized small scale farming system in a babesia and anaplasma endemic geographical area from assam, india and to see its transmission through rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks. | 2015 | 27047205 |
| molecular detection and characterization of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria species and anaplasma marginale isolated from cattle in kenya. | infections with babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria species and anaplasma marginale are endemic in kenya yet there is a lack of adequate information on their genotypes. this study established the genetic diversities of the above tick-borne hemoparasites infecting cattle in kenya. | 2015 | 26420543 |
| bumped kinase inhibitor prohibits egression in babesia bovis. | babesiosis is a global zoonotic disease acquired by the bite of a babesia-infected ixodes tick or through blood transfusion with clinical relevance affecting humans and animals. in this study, we evaluated a series of small molecule compounds that have previously been shown to target specific apicomplexan enzymes in plasmodium, toxoplasma and cryptosporidium. the compounds, bumped kinase inhibitors (bkis), have strong therapeutic potential targeting apicomplexa-specific calcium dependent protein ... | 2015 | 26790733 |
| genomic resources for a unique, low-virulence babesia taxon from china. | babesiosis is a socioeconomically important tick-borne disease of animals (including humans) caused by haemoprotozoan parasites. the severity of babesiosis relates to host and parasite factors, particularly virulence/pathogenicity. although babesia bovis is a particularly pathogenic species of cattle, there are species of babesia of ruminants that have limited pathogenicity. for instance, the operational taxonomic unit babesia sp. xinjiang (abbreviated here as bx) of sheep from china is substant ... | 2016 | 27784333 |
| a recombinant multi-antigen vaccine formulation containing babesia bovis merozoite surface antigens msa-2a1, msa-2b and msa-2c elicits invasion-inhibitory antibodies and ifn-γ producing cells. | babesia bovis is a tick-transmitted protozoan hemoparasite and the causative agent of bovine babesiosis, a potential risk to more than 500 million cattle worldwide. the vaccines currently available are based on attenuated parasites, which are difficult to produce, and are only recommended for use in bovines under one year of age. when used in older animals, these vaccines may cause life-threatening clinical symptoms and eventually death. the development of a multi-subunit recombinant vaccine aga ... | 2016 | 27842609 |
| transfected babesia bovis expressing a tick gst as a live vector vaccine. | the rhipicephalus microplus tick is a notorious blood-feeding ectoparasite of livestock, especially cattle, responsible for massive losses in animal production. it is the main vector for transmission of pathogenic bacteria and parasites, including babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoan parasite responsible for bovine babesiosis. this study describes the development and testing of a live b. bovis vaccine expressing the protective tick antigen glutathione-s-transferase from hae ... | 2016 | 27911903 |
| tick-borne pathogens of zoonotic and veterinary importance in nigerian cattle. | ticks and tick-borne diseases undermine cattle fitness and productivity in the whole of sub-saharan africa, including nigeria. in this west african country, cattle are challenged by numerous tick species, especially during the wet season. consequently, several tbds are known to be endemic in nigerian cattle, including anaplasmosis, babesiosis, cowdriosis and theilerioris (by theileria mutans and theileria velifera). to date, all investigations on cattle tbds in nigeria have been based on cytolog ... | 2016 | 27090756 |
| transplacental transmission of bovine tick-borne pathogens: frequency, co-infections and fatal neonatal anaplasmosis in a region of enzootic stability in the northeast of brazil. | bovine tick-borne disease (tbd) constitutes a worldwide group of diseases that result in great losses for dairy and beef cattle. with regard to the epidemiological profile of the diseases, the importance of transplacental transmission is still not very well understood. the aim of this study was to determine the transplacental transmission of tbd agents (anaplasma marginale, babesia bovis and b. bigemina) in a herd of dairy cattle that had been naturally infected in an area of enzootic stability ... | 2016 | 26613663 |
| identification of a vertically transmitted strain from anaplasma marginale (ufmg3): molecular and phylogenetic characterization, and evaluation of virulence. | bovine anaplasmosis is a disease caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsia species anaplasma marginale and results in great economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions. vertical transmission is an important phenomenon that contributes to the persistence of different strains of the agent within the same herd. the identification of new strains and genetic characterization studies are essential to understanding their epidemiology and virulence and for vaccine development. the aim of this s ... | 2016 | 26381444 |
| type-specific pcr assays for babesia bovis msa-1 genotypes in asia: revisiting the genetic diversity in sri lanka, mongolia, and vietnam. | babesia bovis is the most virulent babesia organism, resulting in a high mortality rate in cattle. the genetic diversity of b. bovis merozoite surface antigens (msas), such as msa-1, msa-2b, and msa-2c, might be linked to altered immune profiles in the host animals. the present study aimed to develop type-specific pcr assays for asian msa-1 genotypes, thereby re-analyzing the genetic diversity of msa-1 in sri lanka, mongolia, and vietnam. specific primers were designed for nine asian msa-1 genot ... | 2016 | 26520797 |
| comparative bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor genes indicates conservation of key regulatory domains among babesia bovis, babesia microti, and theileria equi. | apicomplexa tick-borne hemoparasites, including babesia bovis, babesia microti, and theileria equi are responsible for bovine and human babesiosis and equine theileriosis, respectively. these parasites of vast medical, epidemiological, and economic impact have complex life cycles in their vertebrate and tick hosts. large gaps in knowledge concerning the mechanisms used by these parasites for gene regulation remain. regulatory genes coding for dna binding proteins such as members of the api-ap2, ... | 2016 | 27832060 |
| expression of 6-cys gene superfamily defines babesia bovis sexual stage development within rhipicephalus microplus. | babesia bovis, an intra-erythrocytic tick-borne apicomplexan protozoan, is one of the causative agents of bovine babesiosis. its life cycle includes sexual reproduction within cattle fever ticks, rhipicephalus spp. six b. bovis 6-cys gene superfamily members were previously identified (a, b, c, d, e, f) where their orthologues in plasmodium parasite have been shown to encode for proteins required for the development of sexual stages. the current study identified four additional 6-cys genes (g, h ... | 2016 | 27668751 |
| bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis complex: diagnosis and evaluation of the risk factors from bahia, brazil. | direct diagnoses were made by using - blood smears and nested pcr (npcr) tests on 309 blood samples from crossbred dairy cattle in the municipality of ibicaraí, bahia. from diagnostic blood smear slides, the observed parasitic frequencies were 31.1% for anaplasma marginale and 20.4% for babesia sp. from npcr diagnoses, they were 63% for a. marginale, 34% for babesia bigemina and 20.4% for babesia bovis. there were significant differences (p <0.01) between the two diagnostic methods (npcr and blo ... | 2016 | 25271452 |
| identification and characterization of profilin antigen among babesia species as a common vaccine candidate against babesiosis. | we have characterized a member of the profilin (prof) family protein as a common antigen in three pathogens-babesia bovis (b. bovis), babesia bigemina (b. bigemina), and babesia microti (b. microti)-and evaluated its immunogenic and cross-protective properties against a challenge infection with b. microti in balb/c mice. the recombinant prof proteins of b. bovis, b. bigemina, and b. microti were successfully expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli) as soluble gst fusion proteins (rbboprof, rbbigp ... | 2016 | 27003460 |
| improvement of the cryopreservation method for the babesia gibsoni parasite by using commercial freezing media. | in vitro cultivation and cryopreservation under liquid nitrogen have already been reported and established for babesia bovis and babesia bigemina parasites. although the in vitro cultivation methods for babesia gibsoni have been reported and established, the cryopreservation methods for this parasite have not been established completely. in this paper, we compared several freezing media for the cryopreservation of b. gibsoni parasite. the cellbanker® series (1 plus and 2), stem-cellbanker®, and ... | 2016 | 26921519 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina by loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick. | babesia spp. are apicomplexan protozoan parasites of the red blood cells of mammals and are transmitted by ticks. bovine babesiosis mainly caused by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina occurs worldwide, which is a great threat to animal health. microscopy examination is a gold standard for the diagnosis of babesiosis. however, its sensitivity is too low. this study was conducted to establish a simple, efficient and fast lamp-lfp method used for early diagnosis of animal babesiosis. lamp was devel ... | 2016 | 26921043 |
| babesia bovis and babesia bigemina infection levels estimated by qpcr in angus cattle from an endemic area of são paulo state, brazil. | the levels of infection by babesia bovis and babesia bigemina were estimated by absolute quantification through the quantitative pcr technique (qpcr). fifty-one contemporaneous angus cattle were evaluated on two occasions. the number of standard female rhipicephalus microplus ticks present on the left side of the body was counted and blood samples were drawn from the tail vein into tubes containing the anticoagulant edta. the blood samples were submitted to dna extraction and used to quantify th ... | 2016 | 26907097 |
| molecular and serological detection of babesia bovis- and babesia bigemina-infection in bovines and water buffaloes raised jointly in an endemic field. | babesia bovis and babesia bigemina are causative agents of bovine babesiosis, a tick-borne disease of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. babesia spp. infection adversely affects cattle health and can be fatal resulting in considerable economic loss worldwide. under endemic stability conditions, herds contain high numbers of chronically infected, asymptomatic carrier animals, in which no parasitemia is detected by microscopic blood smear examination. in addition to bovines, also water bu ... | 2016 | 26827869 |
| evaluation of in vitro inhibitory effect of enoxacin on babesia and theileria parasites. | enoxacin is a broad-spectrum 6-fluoronaphthyridinone antibacterial agent (fluoroquinolones) structurally related to nalidixic acid used mainly in the treatment of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea. also it has been shown recently that it may have cancer inhibiting effect. the primary antibabesial effect of enoxacin is due to inhibition of dna gyrase subunit a, and dna topoisomerase. in the present study, enoxacin was tested as a potent inhibitor against the in vitro growth of bovine and equ ... | 2016 | 26724376 |
| molecular survey of babesia infections in cattle from different areas of myanmar. | cattle babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne diseases worldwide. the present study reports a molecular survey of babesia infections in cattle in myanmar. nested pcr assays based on the babesia bigemina apical membrane antigen-1 gene (ama-1) and b. bovis rhoptry associated protein-1 gene (rap-1) revealed that the overall percentage of b. bigemina and b. bovis infection were 9.8% (70/713) and 17.1% (122/713), respectively. a mixed infection was detected in 4.6% (33/713) of animals. an ... | 2016 | 26530983 |
| molecular epidemiology of bovine babesia spp. and theileria orientalis parasites in beef cattle from northern and northeastern thailand. | beef cattle production represents the largest cattle population in thailand. their productivity is constrained by tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis and theileriosis. in this study, we determined the prevalence of babesia bigemina, babesia bovis and theileria orientalis using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the genetic markers that were used for detection of the above parasites were sequenced to determine identities and similarity for babesia spp. and genetic diversity of t. orientalis. fur ... | 2016 | 26475202 |
| in vitro culture of babesia bovis in a bovine serum-free culture medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and selenite. | bovine serum is an important factor for the optimal growth of babesia bovis in vitro. this protozoan can be cultured in m-199 with earle's salts medium (m-199) supplemented with 40% bovine serum (bs). in the present study, four media were assessed along with the control medium m-199. the effect on the proliferation of b. bovis in vitro was tested when these media were combined with insulin (ins), transferrin (trans) and selenite (sel) in the absence of bovine serum. treatment with advanced dmem/ ... | 2016 | 27717771 |
| replication and maintenance of the plasmodium falciparum apicoplast genome. | members of the phylum apicomplexa are responsible for many devastating diseases including malaria (plasmodium spp.), toxoplasmosis (toxoplasma gondii), babesiosis (babesia bovis), and cyclosporiasis (cyclospora cayetanensis). most apicomplexans contain a unique and essential organelle called the apicoplast. derived from an ancient chloroplast, the apicoplast replicates and maintains a 35 kilobase (kb) circular genome. due to its essential nature within the parasite, drugs targeted to proteins in ... | 2016 | 27338018 |
| evaluation of different heterologous prime-boost immunization strategies against babesia bovis using viral vectored and protein-adjuvant vaccines based on a chimeric multi-antigen. | protection against the intraerythrocytic bovine parasite babesia bovis requires both humoral and cellular immune responses. therefore, tailored combinations of immunogens targeted at both arms of the immune system are strategies of choice to pursue sterilizing immunity. in this study, different heterologous prime-boost vaccination schemes were evaluated in mice to compare the immunogenicity induced by a recombinant adenovirus, a modified vaccinia ankara vector or a subunit vaccine all expressing ... | 2016 | 27269058 |
| involvement of tlr6 in the induction of cox-2, pge2 and il-10 in macrophages by lipids from virulent s2p and attenuated r1a babesia bovis strains. | toll like receptors (tlrs) are involved in the modulation of diverse host genes expression through a complex network of signalling events that allow for an appropriate response to a microbial pathogen. in the present work we used tlr6ko mice in order to study the role of tlr6 in the immune discrimination of lipids from two babesia bovis strains, attenuated r1a (la) and virulent s2p (lv), and the consequent macrophage activation. we demonstrated that tlr6 is required for lipid body induction in m ... | 2016 | 27198789 |
| genetic diversity and antigenicity variation of babesia bovis merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa-1) in thailand. | babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic protozoan parasite, causes severe clinical disease in cattle worldwide. the genetic diversity of parasite antigens often results in different immune profiles in infected animals, hindering efforts to develop immune control methodologies against the b. bovis infection. in this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity of the merozoite surface antigen-1 (msa-1) gene using 162 b. bovis-positive blood dna samples sourced from cattle populations reared in different ... | 2016 | 27101782 |
| identification and functional analysis of a novel mitochondria-localized 2-cys peroxiredoxin, bbtpx-2, from babesia bovis. | cysteine-based peroxidases, known as peroxiredoxins (prx) or thioredoxin peroxidases (tpx), are important antioxidant enzymes that prevent oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ros). in this study, we identified a novel mitochondrial 2-cys prx, bbtpx-2, from a bovine babesia parasite, b. bovis. bbtpx-2 complementary dna (cdna) encodes a polypeptide of 254 amino acid residues. this protein has a mitochondrial targeting peptide at the n-terminus and two conserved cysteine residues of ... | 2016 | 27095567 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of methionine aminopeptidase of babesia bovis as a potent drug target. | aminopeptidases are increasingly being investigated as therapeutic targets in various diseases. in this study, we cloned, expressed, and biochemically characterized a member of the methionine aminopeptidase (map) family from babesia bovis (b. bovis) to develop a potential molecular drug target. recombinant b. bovis map (rbvmap) was expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli) as a glutathione s-transferase (gst)-fusion protein, and we found that it was antigenic. an antiserum against the rbvmap prote ... | 2016 | 27084466 |