Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| pcr primer evaluation for the detection of trypanosome dna in naturally infected goats. | the buffy coat of 76 roaming goats from the bansang and missira regions in gambia, was examined for the presence of trypanosomes. from these animals, extractions from dry blood samples on filter paper were subjected to pcr using three different primer sets, orphon5j, gol and tvw, specific for trypanosoma brucei/trypanosoma evansi, trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax, respectively. pcr results for t. congolense were 100% concordant with buffy coat examination. besides the three t. vivax ... | 1998 | 9870363 |
| molecular cloning and expression of a purine-specific n-ribohydrolase from trypanosoma brucei brucei. sequence, expression, and molecular analysis. | n-ribohydrolases, including the inosine-adenosine-guanosine-preferring (iag) nucleoside hydrolase, have been proposed to be involved in the nucleoside salvage pathway of protozoan parasites and may constitute rational therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases. reported is the complete sequence of the trypanosoma brucei brucei iagnh gene, which encodes iag-nucleoside hydrolase. the 1.4-kilobase iagnh cdna contains an open reading frame of 981 base pairs, corresponding to 327 amino a ... | 1998 | 9442052 |
| glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors of membrane glycoproteins are binding determinants for the channel-forming toxin aerolysin. | cells that are sensitive to the channel-forming toxin aerolysin contain surface glycoproteins that bind the toxin with high affinity. here we show that a common feature of aerolysin receptors is the presence of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, and we present evidence that the anchor itself is an essential part of the toxin binding determinant. the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored t-lymphocyte protein thy-1 is an example of a protein that acts as an aerolysin receptor. this prote ... | 1998 | 9442081 |
| pathways of glucose catabolism in procyclic trypanosoma congolense. | studies of respiration on glucose in procyclic trypanosoma congolense in the presence of rotenone, antimycin, cyanide, salicylhydroxamic acid and malonate have indicated the presence of nadh dehydrogenase, cytochrome b-c1, cytochrome aa3, trypanosome alternate oxidase and nadh fumarate reductase/succinate dehydrogenase pathway that contributes electrons to coenzyme q of the respiratory chain. the rotenone sensitive nadh dehydrogenase, the trypanosome alternate oxidase, and cytochrome aa3 account ... | 1999 | 10844979 |
| discrimination of cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinase of trypanosoma cruzi, and mammalian cathepsins b and l, by a ph-inducible fluorogenic substrate of trypanosomal cysteine proteinases. | the substrate specificity of cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinase of trypanosoma cruzi, was investigated using a series of dansyl-peptides based on the putative autoproteolytic sequence of the proteinase (vvg-gp) located at the hinge region between the catalytic domain and the c-terminal extension. replacing val with pro at p2 in this sequence greatly improved the rate of cleavage by cruzipain. tyr and val residues are preferred at p3 by all cysteine proteinases whatever their origin, wherea ... | 1999 | 9914503 |
| analysis of erythropoietin and erythropoietin receptor genes expression in cattle during acute infection with trypanosoma congolense. | acute trypanosoma congolense infection induced moderate, transient anemia in n'dama cattle (trypanotolerant) and severe anemia in boran cattle (trypanosusceptible). erythropoietin receptor (epor) was cloned and sequenced from the two breeds of cattle. a single position mutation of tyr in the boran to his in the n'dama predicted amino acid sequence was revealed. the mrna transcription of erythropoietin (epo) in kidneys and epor in the bone marrow of infected cattle was determined by competitive r ... | 1999 | 9923442 |
| a drug incubation glossina infectivity test (digit) to assess the susceptibility of trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms to trypanocidal drugs (xenodiagnosis). | blood was collected from two sahelian goats, experimentally infected with either a drug-sensitive cloned population of trypanosoma congolense (il 1180) or a multiple drug-resistant t. congolense stock (samorogouan/89/crta/267) and incubated at 37 degrees c for 30 min and 12 h, respectively, in the presence of different drug concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 microg/ml blood) of diminazene aceturate or isometamidium chloride. after that, the trypanosome/blood/drug suspensions were offered t ... | 1999 | 9924966 |
| study on the sequential tsetse-transmitted trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei brucei and t. vivax infections to african buffalo, eland, waterbuck, n'dama and boran cattle. | susceptibility of african buffalo, eland, waterbuck, n'dama and boran cattle to sequential glossina morsitans centralis-transmitted infections of trypanosoma congolense, t. brucei brucei and t. vivax was compared, and their possible role as reservoirs of these parasites for g. moristans centralis, g. pallidipes, g. austeni, g. brevipalpis and g. longipennis determined. the buffalo, eland, waterbuck and n'dama controlled t. congolense parasitaemias and were able to prevent anaemia. by contrast, o ... | 1999 | 9950344 |
| effects of trypanosoma congolense infection and diet on puberty, age at first lambing and haematology changes in djallonké ewe lambs. | the interactions between t. congolense infection and nutritional supplements on onset of puberty and age at first lambing were observed in 24 young djallonké ewes. as experimental design, a randomised complete block design was used with four treatment combinations, of which two were kept on a restricted diet (l), the remainder on an unrestricted diet (h) and half of each nutritional group being infected with t. congolense (li and hi), the remainder serving as controls (lc and hc). infection with ... | 1999 | 9950345 |
| glutamic acid/alanine-rich protein from trypanosoma congolense is the functional equivalent of 'ep' procyclin from trypanosoma brucei. | 1999 | 10029317 | |
| trypanosome infection rate in cattle at nguruman, kenya. | trypanosome infection rate in cattle at nguruman was investigated in a study conducted in 1984-1986. shifting pastoralism significantly reduced trypanosome infections in cattle. the cattle were more heavily infected with trypanosoma congolense (16.5%) than trypanosoma vivax (4.95%) and trypanosoma brucei (0.19%). trypanosoma theileri was observed only once among the cattle examined. mixed trypanosome infections in cattle were observed to be 2.75% and 0.014% for t. congolense/t. vivax and t. cong ... | 1999 | 10030753 |
| fasting hyperglycaemia with oral glucose tolerance in acute trypanosoma congolense infection of rats. | intraperitoneal inoculation of rats with trypanosoma congolense (federe strain) produced a sustained parasitaemia from days 7 to 23 post-infection (pi). the fasting tail-blood glucose (fbg) concentrations in the infected animals increased (p<0.05) from 3.8+/-0.2 mmol/l on day 0 pi to 4.6+/-0.2, 4.9+/-0.2 and 5.8+/-0.3 mmol/l on days 7, 10 and 17 pi and decreased (p<0.05) to 3.1+/-0.8 and 2.9+/-0.7 mmol/l on days 20 and 23 pi, but the values in the uninfected controls varied between 3.8+/-0.3 mmo ... | 1999 | 10030759 |
| cytokine mrna profiles in trypanotolerant and trypanosusceptible cattle infected with the protozoan parasite trypanosoma congolense: protective role for interleukin-4? | african trypanosomes are important pathogens of both humans and livestock. we investigated the association of cytokine responses with disease susceptibility in trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle. changes in interleukin (il)-1beta, il-2, il-4, il-5, il-6, il-12 p40, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tfn-alpha), cd40l, and transforming growth factor-beta (tgf-beta) gene expression were compared in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infected trypanotolerant n'dama (bos taurus) and trypanosuscepti ... | 1999 | 10048769 |
| cytokines and antibody responses during trypanosoma congolense infections in two inbred mouse strains that differ in resistance. | we studied il-4, il-10 and ifn-gamma secretion by splenocytes and the plasma levels of different isotypes of antibodies against various antigens of trypanosoma congolense in highly susceptible balb/c and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice during the early course of infection with t. congolense. the patterns of appearance of cytokine spotforming cells in the spleens were essentially similar in the two mouse strains although higher numbers were detected in the spleens of balb/c than c57bl/6 mice on ... | 1999 | 10101716 |
| tsetse challenge, trypanosome and helminth infection in relation to productivity of village ndama cattle in senegal. | data on tsetse fly, and on village ndama cattle collected over a 4-year period in southern senegal, were analysed. a total of 431 ndama cattle in four herds of three villages in the upper casamance area of southern senegal were monitored monthly. glossina morsitans submorsitans and glossina palpalis gambiensis are present in the study area. mean tsetse apparent density was 5.4 flies/trap/day. trypanosome (trypanosoma congonlense and trypanosoma vivax) infection rate in flies was 2.4 (s.e. 0.37)% ... | 1999 | 10190867 |
| innate resistance to experimental trypanosoma congolense infection: differences in il-10 synthesis by macrophage cell lines from resistant and susceptible inbred mice. | balb/c and c57bl/6 mice differ in resistance to t. congolense infections. we investigated the production of various cytokines (il-10, il-6, tnf-alpha and tgf-beta) by macrophages from these mice. macrophage cell lines (balb.bm cells) of balb/c mice but not (ana-i cells)of c57bl/6 mice constitutively produced il-10. challenge of these cells with trypanosomes induced the production of 50-100 times more il-10 in balb.bm cells than in ana-1 cells. pre-incubation of the cell lines with ifn-gamma. pri ... | 1999 | 10205792 |
| isolation of trypanosoma brucei from the monitor lizard (varanus niloticus) in an endemic focus of rhodesian sleeping sickness in kenya. | monitor lizards were sampled along the shores of lake victoria to detect natural infections of potentially human-infective trypanosomes. in an area with endemic rhodesian sleeping sickness, one of 19 lizards was infected (busia, kenya). six of ten lizards also showed indirect evidence of infection with trypanosoma brucei (antibody elisa). in an area with no recent history of human disease (rusinga island), no parasites were found and no antibodies to t. brucei were detected. the isolate was iden ... | 1999 | 10206114 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of biodegradable polyesters for sustained release of isometamidium and ethidium. | an overview is presented of the results obtained with biodegradable sustained release devices (srds) containing a mixture of polymers and either isometamidium (ismm) or ethidium. under controlled laboratory conditions (monthly challenge with tsetse flies infected with trypanosoma congolense) the protection period in srd treated cattle could be extended by a factor 2.8 (for ethidium) up to 4.2 (for ismm) as compared to animals treated intramuscularly with the same drugs. using a competitive drug ... | 1999 | 10224530 |
| immune response of cattle infected with african trypanosomes. | trypanosomosis is the most economically important disease constraint to livestock productivity in sub-saharan africa and has significant negative impact in other parts of the world. livestock are an integral component of farming systems and thus contribute significantly to food and economic security in developing countries. current methods of control for trypanosomosis are inadequate to prevent the enormous socioeconomic losses resulting from this disease. a vaccine has been viewed as the most d ... | 1999 | 10224536 |
| improved methods for the diagnosis of african trypanosomosis. | the diagnosis of trypanosomosis in animals with low parasitaemia is hampered by low diagnostic sensitivity of traditional detection methods. an immunodiagnostic method based on a direct sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using monoclonal antibodies, has been examined in a number of african laboratories for its suitability for monitoring tsetse control and eradication programmes. generally, the direct sandwich elisas for the detection of trypanosomal antigens in serum samples hav ... | 1999 | 10224538 |
| [effect of the intensity of host parasitemia on the vectorial competence of glossina morsitans westwood, 1850 (mall) infected by trypanosoma (nannonmonas) congolense il 1180]. | two groups of teneral flies (aged less than 32 hours) of glossina morsitans morsitans (mall) were fed separately on two rats that had been infected with trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense il 1180, among which one had a low parasitaemia (antilog 5.4-5.7) and the other a high parasitaemia (antilog 7.8-8.1). following to the two modes of parasitaemia, variations of the procyclic indexes were found between males and females. when both sexes were considered, it was found that the intestinal infectio ... | 1999 | 10229938 |
| health and productivity of traditionally managed djallonke sheep and west african dwarf goats under high and moderate trypanosomosis risk. | trypanosome infections, packed red cell volume levels (pcv), body weight and nematode faecal egg counts of village-based small ruminants were monitored in two areas in the gambia with either moderate or high trypanosomosis risk for 24 and 30 months respectively. outflows from the flock and new-born animals were recorded and data on housing and management were compiled. reported mortality rates were higher in goats than in sheep, but for both species highest in the moderate risk area. the peak of ... | 1999 | 10321582 |
| infection-associated decline of cape buffalo blood catalase augments serum trypanocidal activity. | clearance of trypanosomes from the blood of infected cape buffalo was associated with the development of two responses: (i) complement-dependent and clone-specific lytic activity and (ii) complement-independent trypanocidal activity that was not restricted by trypanosome clone or species. this latter activity was mediated by h2o2 and required the presence of xanthine oxidase in serum but not the addition of purine substrates. expression of the xanthine oxidase-dependent trypanocidal activity in ... | 1999 | 10338483 |
| aggregation and distribution of strains in microparasites. | recent research has shown that many parasite populations are made up of a number of epidemiologically distinct strains or genotypes. the implications of strain structure or genetic diversity for parasite population dynamics are still uncertain, partly because there is no coherent framework for the interpretation of field data. here, we present an analysis of four published data sets for vector-borne microparasite infections where strains or genotypes have been distinguished: serotypes of african ... | 1999 | 10365405 |
| innate resistance to trypanosoma congolense infections: differential production of nitric oxide by macrophages from susceptible balb/c and resistant c57bl/6 mice. | balb/c and c57b1/6 mice differ in resistance to trypanosoma congolense infections. evidence suggests that macrophages play a central role in the resistance to trypanosomiasis. nitric oxide (no) produced by macrophages in response to various stimuli or pathogens is one of the important arms of nonspecific immunity. we investigated the production of no by the peritoneal macrophages and bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) from trypanosome-resistant c57b1/6 and -susceptible balb/c mice following ... | 1999 | 10366538 |
| rinderpest vaccination and the incidence and development of trypanosomosis in cattle. | an investigation was made into whether recent vaccination of cattle with tissue culture rinderpest virus would cause immunosuppression and lead to more frequent or more severe infection with trypanosomes in animals grazing in tsetse-infested areas. herds of cattle on galana ranch in kenya were divided, with approximately half of each herd being vaccinated with tissue culture rinderpest virus strain kabete 'o', while the rest remained unvaccinated. the herds were then exposed to the risk of natur ... | 1999 | 10371005 |
| prevalence and distribution of animal trypanosomosis on buvuma islands in lake victoria, uganda. | 1999 | 10371007 | |
| extension of the prophylactic effect of isometamidium against trypanosome infections in cattle using a biodegradable copolymer. | two trials were carried out in order to compare the prophylactic effect of a subcutaneously implanted sustained release device (srd) containing a mixture of a biodegradable copolymer, poly(caprolactone-co-l-lactide), and isometamidium (ismm) with that obtained after intramuscular injection of the drug. in a first experiment under controlled conditions, two groups of cattle were treated with 0.5 mg/kg isometamidium either as a srd or intramuscularly (i.m.), and exposed at monthly intervals to glo ... | 1999 | 10379816 |
| pitfalls in the application of enzyme-linked immunoassays for the detection of circulating trypanosomal antigens in serum samples. | the experimental infection of two goats with trypanosoma vivax trypanosomes provided samples for analysis using parasitology techniques and antigen-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for t. vivax, t. congolense and t. brucei. clinical, parasitological and serological findings were monitored during the course of infection to identify problems in the application of these elisas. the data clearly showed that the elisas examined were entirely unsuitable for the reliable detection ... | 1999 | 10382604 |
| catabolism of proline by procyclic culture forms of trypanosoma congolense. | the effect of various metabolic inhibitors on the rate of oxygen consumption by procyclic culture forms of trypanosoma congolense utilizing proline as substrate was investigated. cyanide inhibited the rate of oxygen consumption by 81.0 +/- 6.7%, malonate inhibited the rate by 51.6 +/- 1.6% and antimycin a by 73.1 +/- 5.9%. a combination of cyanide and malonate inhibited the rate of oxygen consumption by 84.9 +/- 6.7% while a combination of antimycin a and malonate inhibited the rate by 81.6 +/- ... | 1999 | 10425713 |
| the influence of energy intake on some blood biochemical parameters in scottish blackface sheep infected with trypanosoma congolense. | the intensity of parasitaemia, degree of anaemia, live body weight gains and blood biochemical changes were measured in two groups of scottish blackface sheep infected experimentally with trypanosoma congolense and allowed either a high (9.9 mj metabolisable energy (me) per day) or a low (6.1 mj me per day) energy intake. it was observed that infected animals on the low energy intake had a longer mean prepatent period, but following patency they developed more severe anaemia and greater growth r ... | 1999 | 10435787 |
| the area-wide epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis and its impact on mixed farming in subhumid west africa; a case study in togo. | this paper reports on an area wide study of all major variables determining the expression of trypanosomosis in cattle in the subhumid eco-zone of west africa, taking togo as an example. to enable systematic area-wide sampling, the country was divided in 311 grid-squares of 0.125 x 0.125 sides. cross-sectional surveys were then conducted to generate maps or digital layers on cattle density, herd structure, ownership and breed. these data layers, except for the breed data, were subjected to a clu ... | 1999 | 10435788 |
| heligmosomoides polygyrus and trypanosoma congolense infections in mice: effect of immunisation by abbreviated larval infection. | concurrent african trypanosome and gastrointestinal helminth infections are prevalent in sub-humid savannah where they are endemic. however, acquired resistance in animals varies with their responder status and exposure. as a guide to study in the definitive hosts, the effects of trypanosoma congolense infection on the development and maintenance of homologous heligmosomoides polygyrus resistance were investigated in outbred to mice. these mice were immunised by abbreviation of larval infection. ... | 1999 | 10447189 |
| the susceptibility of djallonké and djallonké-sahelian crossbred sheep to trypanosoma congolense and helminth infection under different diet levels. | forty two djallonké and 27 djallonké-sahelian crossbred sheep were compared during 34 weeks for their disease resistance and productivity in a multifactorial experiment including trypanosome infection, helminth infections and dietary level. eight treatment combinations were formed in which the two breeds were balanced. pyrexia was observed following trypanosome infection and was not different between the two breeds. however, a significant higher parasitaemia level, a shorter prepatent period and ... | 1999 | 10447190 |
| purification and characterisation of a trypsin-like serine oligopeptidase from trypanosoma congolense. | trypanosoma brucei contain a serine oligopeptidase (op-tb) that is released into (and remains active in) the blood of trypanosome-infected animals. here a similar enzyme from trypanosoma congolense is described. this oligopeptidase, called op-tc, was purified using three-phase partitioning, and ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. op-tc is inhibited by alkylating agents, by serine peptidase-specific inhibitors including 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonylfluoride and di ... | 1999 | 10477183 |
| [effect of the number of health meals before an infectious meal on the vectorial competence of glossina morsitans morsitans infected by trypanosoma congolense il 1180]. | the purpose of this work was to assess the influence of several healthy meals (0, 1 and 2) prior to the infectious one on the vectorial competence of glossina morsitans morsitans (mall). the teneral flies (< 32 h old) of this line were divided into three groups. the tsetse flies of group a received no meal. the ones of group b received one healthy meal on day 1, whereas those from group c were given two consecutive healthy meals on days 1 and 2. all the flies were experimentally infected with tr ... | 1999 | 10478424 |
| the parasitological and serological prevalence of tsetse-transmitted bovine trypanosomosis in the eastern caprivi (caprivi district, namibia). | between august 1995 and june 1997 a survey to determine the distribution of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomosis was conducted in the eastern caprivi (caprivi district, namibia). a total of 1,481 adult cattle was examined at 33 sampling sites. direct parasitological diagnostic tests were used and eluted blood spots were screened for the presence of anti-trypanosomal antibodies. tsetse-transmitted trypanosomal infections were detected in 66 animals (4.5%) from 14 different locations. the parasitolog ... | 1999 | 10486826 |
| trypanosome non-specific igm antibodies detected in serum of trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle are polyreactive. | serum ig from trypanosoma congolense-infected cattle were affinity-purified using immobilised trypanosome or non-trypanosome antigens (beta-galactosidase, cytochrome c and ferritin). the bound and unbound igg and igm fractions were collected and tested in elisa for reactivity to each antigen. the results indicated that the presence of reactivity to non-parasite antigens in serum of infected cattle is due to polyreactive igm antibodies. however, the igg fraction only bound to trypanosome antigens ... | 1999 | 10490230 |
| susceptibility of n'dama cattle to experimental challenge and cross-species superchallenges with bloodstream forms of trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax. | susceptibility to trypanosoma congolense, t. vivax challenge and cross species-superchallenges, and related effects on health and productivity were assessed in n'dama cattle. twenty-five n'dama bulls aged 3-4 years and previously primed with trypanosome infections through natural tsetse exposure over more than one year were used. the experimental herd was divided in five groups each composed of five randomly selected animals. group 1 was challenged with t. congolense, group 2 with t. vivax, grou ... | 1999 | 10496692 |
| polymerase chain reaction as a diagnosis tool for detecting trypanosomes in naturally infected cattle in burkina faso. | african animal trypanosomoses constitute the most important vector-borne cattle diseases in sub-saharan africa. generally it is considered that there is a great lack of accurate tools for the diagnosis of the disease. during a trypanosomosis survey in the agro-pastoral zone of sideradougou, burkina faso, 1036 cattle were examined for trypanosomes using microscopy. the pcr was applied on a subset of 260 buffy-coat samples using primers specific for trypanosoma congolense savannah and riverine-for ... | 1999 | 10496693 |
| host influence on adaptation of trypanosoma congolense metacyclics to vertebrate hosts. | 1999 | 10514061 | |
| molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics of leischmania parasites. | in order to illustrate the relevance of the concepts and methods of evolutionary genetics in the understanding of the epidemiology of pathogenic agents, we develop in this paper the case of the leishmania, a genus of parasitic protozoa. an extensive study of various natural populations of leishmania in different countries (old and new world) was carried out by using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) and random amplified polymorphic dna fingerprinting (rapd) as genetic markers. the data ha ... | 1999 | 10576566 |
| search for promoters for the garp and rrna genes of trypanosoma congolense. | a search was conducted for transcriptional promoters in trypanosoma congolense. a promoter test plasmid was constructed utilising the luciferase coding region flanked by the intergenic regions of a t. congolense gene encoding garp, the glutamic acid and alanine rich protein on the surface of procyclic organisms. using this plasmid, sequences located upstream of an 18s rrna gene were tested in transient transfection assays for their ability to promote luciferase expression. a rrna promoter fragme ... | 1999 | 10589979 |
| expression of foreign proteins in trypanosoma congolense. | an expression vector was constructed to express foreign genes in trypanosoma congolense. the foreign gene and a neomycin phosphotransferase (npt) gene are flanked by glutamate and alanine rich protein (garp) gene processing signals and their expression is driven by a ribosomal rna gene promoter. the plasmid is not maintained as an episome in t. congolense, but the npt gene permits selection of cells in which the plasmid has integrated into the genome. we used this plasmid to express luciferase, ... | 1999 | 10589980 |
| experimental african trypanosomiasis: differences in cytokine and nitric oxide production by macrophages from resistant and susceptible mice. | immunosuppression in experimental infections with trypanosoma congolense is mediated by the synergistic action of macrophages and a novel lymphocyte(s), which involves the activity of ifn-gamma as well as il-10. balb/c mice are highly susceptible while c57bl/6 mice are relatively resistant to t. congolense infections. plasma and/or supernatants of spleen cell cultures of infected susceptible balb/c mice have more il-10 but less il-12 than those of infected relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice. cell ... | 1999 | 10725801 |
| characterization of trypanosome isolates from naturally infected horses on a farm in kenya. | following an outbreak of trypanosomosis in horses on a farm in kenya, 18 trypanosome isolates were collected from the infected animals over a period of one and a half years and cryopreserved for characterization. the characterization was done on the basis of morphology using giemsa-stained blood and buffy coat smears, infectivity to mice, recombinant dna hybridization, and chromosome separation by orthogonal field alternation gel electrophoresis (ofage). morphologically, all the trypanosome isol ... | 2000 | 10760408 |
| detection of trypanosoma congolense antibodies with indirect elisas using antigen-precoated microtitre plates. | the study reports the performance of four indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for antibody (ab) detection using microtitre plates which were precoated with native or heat/detergent denatured antigens (ags) from trypanosoma congolense (t.c.) and t. vivax (t.v.), and stored for between 1 to 206 days at +37 degrees c. bovine serum samples were obtained by sequential bleeding of 3-months old t.c.-infected bulls and their uninfected cohorts, as well as by a single bleeding of uninfec ... | 2000 | 10760409 |
| evidence for genomic imprinting of the major qtl controlling susceptibility to trypanosomiasis in mice. | inbred strains of laboratory mice exhibit marked differences in survival time following infection with trypanosoma congolense, the principal cause of trypanosomiasis in african livestock. the difference in survival time between the relatively resistant c57bl/6 j and more susceptible balb/c inbred strains has been attributed to three quantitative trait loci (qtls), tir1, tir2 and tir3. in order to determine whether there was a parent-of-origin effect on this trait, four backcross populations deri ... | 2000 | 10792765 |
| evaluation of antigen-coating procedures of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for detection of trypanosomal antibodies. | research was undertaken to improve the antigen-coating step of indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) method through the use of polystyrene 96-well plates precoated with antigenically stabile crude trypanosomal antigens. the plates were precoated with antigens, air dried and sealed before being packed in plastic bags with silica gel desiccant packets. such plates stored at +4 and +37 degrees c provided an assay performance, which was superior to that of plates freshly coated with ant ... | 2000 | 10828507 |
| the major cell surface glycoprotein procyclin is a receptor for induction of a novel form of cell death in african trypanosomes in vitro. | bloodstream forms (bsf) and procyclic culture forms (pcf) of african trypanosomes were incubated with a variety of lectins in vitro. cessation of cell division and profound morphological changes were seen in procyclic forms but not in bsf after incubation with concanavalin a (con a), wheat germ agglutinin and ricinus communis agglutinin. these lectins caused the trypanosomes to cease division, become round and increase dramatically in size, the latter being partially attributable to the formatio ... | 2000 | 11163441 |
| the decline of anti-trypanosomal antibody levels in cattle after treatment with trypanocidal drugs and in the absence of tsetse challenge. | the decline of anti-trypanosomal antibody levels in cattle after treatment with trypanocidal drugs was investigated using an anti-trypanosomal antibody-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the decline of antibody levels differed between experimental animals but went through two phases. during the first 5 months after trypanocidal drug treatment, the decline is rapid with a monthly average decline of 10% of the average percentage positivity during the treatment. between months 6 a ... | 2000 | 11114388 |
| the distribution of tsetse (diptera: glossinidae) and bovine trypanosomosis in the matutuine district, maputo province, mozambique. | a tsetse and bovine trypanosomosis survey was conducted during 1998 and 1999 in the matutuine district of maputo province (mozambique). a total of 59 glossina brevipalpis and 17 glossina austeni were captured throughout the district. survey results suggest that glossina brevipalpis is mainly concentrated in dense vegetation along the maputo river and in the wetlands east of the river. g. austeni, on the other hand, was captured mainly in dense thickets in drier areas. both tsetse species are sus ... | 2000 | 11131117 |
| study on the mechanical transmission by tsetse fly glossina morsitans centralis of trypanosoma vivax, t. congolense or t. brucei brucei to goats. | 2000 | 10643915 | |
| characterization of a novel alanine-rich protein located in surface microdomains in trypanosoma brucei. | heterologous expression in cos cells followed by orientation-specific polymerase chain reaction to select and amplify cdnas encoding surface proteins in trypanosoma brucei resulted in the isolation of a cdna ( approximately 1.4 kilobase) which encodes an acidic, alanine-rich polypeptide that is expressed only in bloodstream forms of the parasite and has been termed bloodstream stage alanine-rich protein (barp). analysis of the amino acid sequence predicted the presence of a typical nh(2)-termina ... | 2000 | 10660566 |
| characterisation of the loci encoding the glutamic acid and alanine rich protein of trypanosoma congolense. | we have characterised the organisation of genes encoding the glutamate and alanine rich protein (garp) surface coat of the procyclic and epimastigote stages of trypanosoma congolense in the tsetse fly. the garp genes are arranged at two, possibly physically linked, loci, one of which exhibits allelic variation. one locus contains a single garp gene, whilst both alleles of the other have a large tandem array of polycistronically transcribed garp genes. sequence analysis has revealed that there ar ... | 2000 | 10693750 |
| garp is highly conserved among trypanosoma congolense savannah, forest and kilifi subgroups. | 2000 | 10699260 | |
| some biochemical changes following trypanosoma congolense infection in djallonké ewe lambs and breeding ewes fed on two levels of nutrition. | the effects of artificial trypanosoma congolense infection and dietary level on biochemical changes were observed in 24 ewe lambs (experiment 1) and 42 breeding ewes (experiment 2). all animals belonged to the djallonké breed which is known to be trypanotolerant. for both experiments, there were four treatment combinations, of which two were kept on a restricted diet (l), the other two on an at libitum diet (h). half of each dietary group was infected with t. congolense (li, hi), while the remai ... | 2000 | 10708663 |
| the distribution and epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in malawi. | a survey to update the distribution and clarify the epidemiology of bovine trypanosomosis in malawi was conducted between 1995-97. use was made of parasitological and serological (anti-trypanosomal antibody-detection enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) diagnostic methods. trypanosomal infections were detected in cattle sampled adjacent to known tsetse foci. the distribution of cattle with anti-trypanosomal antibodies indicated that the distribution of bovine trypanosomosis was more widespr ... | 2000 | 10714455 |
| [vectorial competence of non-teneral glossina morsitans morsitans (mall strain) flies infected by trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense il 1180]. | non-teneral tsetse flies of glossina morsitans morsitans (strain mall) about 16 days old were fed, once, on a rat infected by trypanosoma congolense il 1180. the global vectorial competence (vc) of these flies was appraised at 0.1035. vc in males was more important than for females. infection by mesoprocyclic index was greater in female flies than in male ones, whereas for metacyclic index the reverse was true. this work shows that the age limits, but does not impede metacyclogenesis of non-tene ... | 2000 | 10863619 |
| grouping of trypanosome species in mixed infections in glossina pallidipes. | trypanosomes in the dissection-positive proboscis of glossina pallidipes were identified by pcr using species-specific primers. of the 3741 flies dissected 643 were proboscis positive. pcr was performed on 406 dissection-positive probosces giving positive identifications in 352 (86.7%) and infection rates of 14.8% for congolense-type infections, 2.8% for vivax-type infections and 1.4% for the unidentified group. of the 352 pcr identified infections 225 were single, 111 were double, 13 were tripl ... | 2000 | 10874721 |
| innate resistance to experimental african trypanosomiasis: differences in cytokine (tnf-alpha, il-6, il-10 and il-12) production by bone marrow-derived macrophages from resistant and susceptible mice. | resistance to african trypanosomiasis is under multigenic control. balb/c mice are highly susceptible while c57bl/6 mice are relatively resistant. macrophages eliminate opsonized trypanosomes from the bloodstream and are involved in immunosuppression. we therefore investigated the production of a number of cytokines (il-10, il-6, tnf-alpha and il-12) by bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) from c57bl/6 and balb/c mice following challenge with either trypanosoma congolense or trypanosoma brucei ... | 2000 | 10880248 |
| the structure-function relationship of functionally distinct but structurally similar hexose transporters from trypanosoma congolense. | we have previously characterized, in trypanosoma brucei, a multigene family encoding two developmentally regulated glucose transporters that are 80% identical at the amino-acid level. we report here the characterization of the homologous glucose transporters (tcoht1 and tcoht2) in trypanosoma congolense, an african trypanosome responsible for disease in domestic animals. both tcoht isoforms, which are 92.4% identical, are encoded by a single cluster of genes containing two copies of tcoht1 and t ... | 2000 | 10903520 |
| fine mapping of trypanosomiasis resistance loci in murine advanced intercross lines. | we have previously reported the results of genome-wide searches in two murine f(2) populations for qtls that influence survival following trypanosoma congolense infection. three loci, tir1, tir2, and tir3, were identified and mapped to mouse chromosomes (chrs) 17, 5, and 1 respectively, with confidence intervals (cis) in the range 10-40 cm. the size of these cis is to a large degree the consequence of limited numbers of recombination events in small chromosomal regions in f(2) populations. a num ... | 2000 | 10920233 |
| multiple-drug resistant trypanosoma congolense populations in village cattle of metekel district, north-west ethiopia. | investigations were carried out to determine the prophylactic activity of isometamidium chloride in village populations of cattle naturally infected with trypanosomes in metekel district, northwest ethiopia. in a cross-sectional study in march 1997, 484 randomly selected cattle from four villages were examined for trypanosome infections by the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique (bct). the trypanosome prevalence was 17.2%. trypanosoma congolense was the dominant species accounting fo ... | 2000 | 10974163 |
| feeding behaviour of glossina pallidipes and g. morsitans centralis on boran cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense or t. vivax under laboratory conditions. | in field studies, tsetse flies (diptera: glossinidae) feed more successfully on cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense broden (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) than on cattle infected with t. vivax ziemann or uninfected cattle. here we describe the first laboratory investigation of this phenomenon. in the first experiment, caged glossina pallidipes austen were fed for 1 and 5 min on a boran steer infected with t. congolense clone il 1180 and on an uninfected steer. feeding success was reco ... | 2000 | 11016437 |
| novel species specific antigens of trypanosoma congolense and their different localization among life-cycle stages. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were raised against trypanosoma congolense procyclic form (pcf). localization of the antigens recognized by the mabs was determined in bloodstream form (bsf), pcf, epimastigote form (emf) and metacyclic form (mcf) by confocal laser scanning microscopy (clsm). two mabs (10f9 and 20h12) showed different fluorescent patterns among different life-cycle stages of the parasite. the 10f9 recognized a 76 kda antigen of all life-cycle stages of the parasite and the anti ... | 2000 | 11073073 |
| comparison of the isometamidium-based trypanocidal drugs samorin and veridium in cattle under field conditions at nguruman, kenya. | the trypanocidal activity of two commercially available isometamidium-based products, samorin (merial, usa) and veridium (sanofi santé nutrition animale, france), used at a dose rate of 0.5 mg kg(-1) bodyweight, was compared in a field trial involving groups of approximately 30 zebu cattle in a trypanosomosis endemic part of south-western kenya. the trial took place between april 1997 and march 1998 during a time of higher than normal rainfall that resulted in periods of high trypanosome challen ... | 2000 | 11080510 |
| control of glossina longipennis (diptera: glossinidae) by insecticide-treated targets at galana ranch, kenya, and confirmation of the role of g. longipennis as a vector of cattle trypanosomiasis. | glossina longipennis corti was studied in galana ranch, kenya over a four year period, in two areas (tank e and lali) where the species was abundant and other species were absent or scarce. there was active transmission of trypanosomiasis to cattle in both areas, the parasite species being trypanosoma vivax ziemann and t. congolense broden. mean infection rates of the g. longipennis were 1.1% and 0. 55% for t. vivax and t. congolense respectively at tank e, and 0.88% and 0.15% at lali. experimen ... | 2000 | 11082557 |
| susceptibility and resistance to trypanosoma congolense infections. | we have put emphasis on recent findings in experimental trypanosoma congolense infections in highly susceptible balb/c and relatively resistant c57bl/6 mice. based on various analyses, it has been shown that a major difference in resistance to t. congolense infections is expressed early in infection at the macrophage level. a novel plastic-adherent thy1.2(+) suppressor lymphocyte, which in absolute synergy with a thy 1.2(-) cell exerts its suppression via interleukin-10 and interferon-gamma open ... | 2000 | 11113381 |
| in vitro erythrophagocytosis by cultured macrophages stimulated with extraneous substances and those isolated from the blood, spleen and bone marrow of boran and n'dama cattle infected with trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma vivax. | a standard radioactive chromium (51cr) release assay was used to assess the in vitro phagocytosis and lysis of bovine erythrocytes by cultured splenic, bone marrow and peripheral blood monocyte-derived (pbm) macrophages isolated from healthy and trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax-infected cattle of the boran and n'dama breeds. recombinant cytokines (rhutnf-alpha and rbolfn-gamma) and non-acid-dialysed peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmnc) culture supernatants stimulated these pbm for enhanc ... | 2000 | 11206395 |
| differential expression of surface membrane antigens on bovine monocytes activated with recombinant cytokines and during trypanosoma congolense infection. | the expression of surface membrane antigens on peripheral blood monocytes (pbm) of cattle of the boran and n'dama breeds activated with recombinant cytokines (tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma) and during experimental infection with trypanosoma congolense was investigated using monoclonal antibodies (moabs) and fluorescein-activated cell sorter (facs). the surface antigens investigated were c3bi receptor, major histocompartibility (mhc) ii complex (ia antigen) and two monocyte/macrophage (mphi) differenti ... | 2000 | 11206396 |
| bone marrow response to acute and chronic trypanosoma congolense infection in multimammate rats (mastomys coucha). | the femoral bone marrow of multimammate rats (n=90), aged 3-8 weeks, experimentally infected with different doses of trypanosoma congolense was examined by light and electron microscopy. some animals died from trypanosomosis, but groups of 10 were killed at 4-8, 9-16, 20-24, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days post-infection (dpi). in the acute stage of infection (4-8 dpi) the bone marrow invariably showed a striking increase in erythropoiesis, characterized by an increase in the number of mitotic figures an ... | 2001 | 11222012 |
| the relationship between the parasitological prevalence of trypanosomal infections in cattle and herd average packed cell volume. | the relationship between prevalence of trypanosomal infections (trypanosoma congolense) and average packed cell volume (pcv) in herds of communally managed adult angoni breed cattle was investigated in four districts of eastern zambia. in all areas, regression analyses showed that the herd average pcv decreased with increasing prevalence of trypanosomal infections. the slope of the equation between average pcv and trypanosome prevalence decreased with increasing prevalence of trypanosomal infect ... | 2001 | 11230826 |
| validation of a polymerase chain reaction assay for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of diminazene aceturate in trypanosome-infected sheep. | the diagnostic performance of a polymerase chain reaction assay (pcr) for monitoring the effectiveness of aceturate diminazene treatment was compared with those of an antibody-detection elisa test and the buffy-coat technique using sheep experimentally infected with either savannah-type or forest-type trypanosoma congolense or t. vivax. within the period of infection, the pcr using specific savannah-type t. congolense primers showed a significant higher diagnostic sensitivity (p<0.05) than the b ... | 2001 | 11230917 |
| demonstration of erythrophagocytosis in trypanosoma congolense-infected goats. | anaemia is the most prominent clinical sign of trypanosomosis in domestic animals but little is known about its pathogenesis. this work investigated erythrophagocytosis as the possible cause of anaemia. pathogenic trypanosoma congolense (il3000) was intravenously inoculated into six goats at 3x10(6) trypanosomes per goat. six other goats were maintained as controls. the infection was studied for 10 weeks and parasitaemia, packed cell volume (pcv) and serum protein levels were determined. the amo ... | 2001 | 11230918 |
| morphological changes in the gonads of the sabi ram experimentally infected with trypanosoma congolense. | indigenous sabi rams of southern africa were experimentally infected with trypanosoma congolense for 8 and 16 weeks. testes weights (g) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the infected (249.7+/-26.4) compared to the control (372.63+/-19.4) animals. histopathological and ultrastructural changes included seminiferous tubular atrophy and mononuclear infiltration in the testis, and lesions in the epithelium of the corpus epididymidis (middle segment) as well as spermatozoa in the cauda epididymidis ... | 2001 | 11230958 |
| the analysis of the cross-reactions occurring in antibody-elisa for the detection of trypanosomes can improve identification of the parasite species involved. | in africa, the main pathogenic trypanosomes of livestock are trypanosoma vivax, t. congolense and t. brucei. the geographical distributions and hosts of these three species are very similar. as they differ markedly in pathogenicity and epidemiology, however, a species-specific serological test for infection would be very useful for epidemiological studies. the antibody-elisa (ab-elisa) that have been developed for detecting the trypanosoma spp. most commonly infecting livestock give satisfactory ... | 2001 | 11299121 |
| subsite specificity of trypanosomal cathepsin l-like cysteine proteases. probing the s2 pocket with phenylalanine-derived amino acids. | the s2 subsite of mammalian cysteine proteinases of the papain family is essential for specificity. among natural amino acids, all these enzymes prefer bulky hydrophobic residues such as phenylalanine at p2. this holds true for their trypanosomal counterparts: cruzain from trypanosoma cruzi and congopain from t. congolense. a detailed analysis of the s2 specificity of parasitic proteases was performed to gain information that might be of interest for the design of more selective pseudopeptidyl i ... | 2001 | 11322895 |
| alternative versus classical macrophage activation during experimental african trypanosomosis. | african trypanosomes are extracellular parasites causing sleeping sickness to human or nagana to livestock in sub-saharan africa. to gain insight into factors governing resistance/susceptibility to these parasites, the immune responses in mice infected with a trypanosoma brucei phospholipase c null mutant (plc(-/-)) or its wild type counterpart (wt) were compared. we found that the t. b. brucei mutant inducing a chronic infection triggers the production of type i cytokines during the early stage ... | 2001 | 11334945 |
| detection and identification of trypanosoma of african livestock through a single pcr based on internal transcribed spacer 1 of rdna. | primers hybridising with the rdna cistron have previously been evaluated for pcr diagnosis specific for kinetoplastids, and shown to detect and differentiate the trypanosoma brucei complex and trypanosoma cruzi. kin1 and kin2 primers, amplifying internal transcribed spacer 1, were subsequently evaluated for the diagnosis of african livestock trypanosomosis. based on the size of the pcr products obtained, kin primers allowed detection and identification of three trypanosoma congolense types (sava ... | 2001 | 11334950 |
| redefining terms. | 2001 | 11360884 | |
| the incidence of new and the prevalence and persistence of recurrent trypanosome infections in cattle in southwest ethiopia exposed to a high challenge with drug-resistant parasites. | a method is described for calculating new infection incidence from monthly field data collected between april 1994 and february 1998 from an average of 770 ethiopian highland zebu cattle maintained under traditional management in the ghibe valley, southwest ethiopia and exposed to a high challenge with drug-resistant parasites. each month cattle with a packed cell volume (pcv)<26% and detected as parasitaemic, or cattle showing clinical signs of trypanosomosis, were treated with diminazene acetu ... | 2001 | 11369308 |
| standardised tests in mice and cattle for the detection of drug resistance in tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes of african domestic cattle. | resistance to the drugs used to control african animal trypanosomosis is increasingly recognised as a constraint to livestock production in sub-saharan africa. the most commonly used tests for detection of trypanocidal drug resistance are tests using mice or ruminants, but these suffer from lack of standardisation and hence it may be difficult to compare the results of different investigators. tests in mice are less expensive than tests in ruminants, but while tests in mice they may be useful as ... | 2001 | 11390069 |
| physical and transcriptional organization of the ribosomal rna genes of the savannah-type trypanosoma congolense. | ribosomal rna genes have been cloned from the major species of african trypanosomes. complete nucleotide sequence composition of the small subunit (ssu) and portions of the large subunit (lsu) ribosomal rna genes was determined for each of these trypanosome species. in contrast to the situation in trypanosoma brucei, in savannah-type t. congolense the lsu ribosomal rna is cleaved twice, to generate two additional prominent fragments. this leads to the different profiles observed when the rrna mo ... | 2001 | 11411940 |
| unravelling the phylogenetic relationships of african trypanosomes of suids. | african trypanosomes of the subgenera nannomonas and pycnomonas have been recorded from both wild and domestic suids. however, complete descriptions of some of these trypanosomes with regard to host range, pathogenicity, transmission and distribution are still lacking. neither the recently described trypanosoma (nannomonas) godfreyi nor trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense tsavo have been isolated from mammalian hosts, while trypanosoma (pycnomonas) suis remains the rarest of the salivarian trypa ... | 2001 | 11444615 |
| ethno-veterinary medicine: screening of nigerian medicinal plants for trypanocidal properties. | trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei bloodstream form parasites were propagated axenically in suitable standard media at 34 degrees c. the effects of 33 plant extracts, fractions and pure compounds were evaluated on two clones of t. brucei and drug-sensitive and multi-drug-resistant clones of t. congolense. the cytotoxic activity of the trypanocidal extracts was also evaluated on calf aorta endothelial cells in vitro. of the extracts tested, 22% killed t. congolense il 1180 at a concentration of ... | 2001 | 11483373 |
| susceptibility of tumour necrosis factor-alpha genetically deficient mice to trypanosoma congolense infection. | the tnf-alpha gene on mouse chromosome mmu17 is among the candidates for the trypanosomosis resistance qtl tir1. tir1 has the largest effect of those loci so far detected which influence degree of resistance to murine trypanosomosis caused by trypanosoma congolense infection. we therefore studied the survival to 180 days after challenge with t. congolense of mice that were homozygous and hemizygous with respect to a disruption of the tnf-alpha gene on a > 99% c57bl/6 (resistant) background. we a ... | 2001 | 11489168 |
| drug-resistant trypanosoma congolense in naturally infected donkeys in north omo zone, southern ethiopia. | a three-part study was conducted to determine the efficacy of isometamidium chloride in donkey populations naturally infected with trypanosomes in north omo zone, southern ethiopia. in the first, 373 randomly selected donkeys from four villages were examined for trypanosome infections by the dark ground/phase contrast buffy coat technique (bct) in november 1999. the trypanosome prevalence was 18.2% (95% confidence interval (ci): 14.4, 22.5) and trypanosoma congolense was the most common species ... | 2001 | 11511413 |
| in vitro effect of alkaloids on bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei and t. congolense. | the effect of 34 alkaloids of the piperidine, pyridine, tropane, isoquinoline, indole, quinolizidine, quinoline, purine, and steroidal types on the growth of trypanosoma brucei, t. congolense, and human hl-60 cells was investigated in vitro. berbamine, berberine, cinchonidine, cinchonine, emetine, ergotamine, quinidine, quinine, and sanguinarine showed trypanocidal activities with ed(50) (50% effective dose) values below 10 microm. berberine, emetine, and quinidine were the most active compounds ... | 2001 | 11582539 |
| prevalence and incidence of trypanosomosis in horses and donkeys in the gambia. | in a study of the prevalence and incidence of trypanosomosis in horses and donkeys in two regions of the gambia, surveys were carried out at niamina east and bansang south with a high and low to moderate tsetse challenge, respectively. eleven horses and 67 donkeys were sampled monthly from august 1997 to september 1998. blood samples were examined for trypanosomes using the buffy-coat (bc) method and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). three primer sets were used, specific for either trypanosoma vi ... | 2001 | 11587839 |
| immunisation of cattle with cysteine proteinases of trypanosoma congolense: targetting the disease rather than the parasite. | in order to test the hypothesis that trypanosome cysteine proteinases (cps) contribute to pathology of trypanosomosis, cattle were immunised with cp1 and/or cp2, the major cps of trypanosoma congolense, and subsequently challenged with t. congolense. immunisation had no effect on the establishment of infection and the development of acute anaemia. however, immunised cattle, unlike control cattle, maintained or gained weight during infection. their haematocrit and leukocyte counts showed a tenden ... | 2001 | 11595229 |
| functional expression of the catalytic domains of two cysteine proteinases from trypanosoma congolense. | the catalytic domains of two closely related cysteine proteinases (cp1 and cp2) from trypanosoma congolense, referred to as c1 and c2, were expressed as proforms in escherichia coli (c1) and in the baculovirus system (c1 and c2). while the bacterial expression system did not allow recovery of active c1, the baculovirus system led to secretion of inactive zymogens which could be processed at acidic ph into mature enzymes. active c1 and c2 were purified from serum-free culture supernatants by anio ... | 2001 | 11595230 |
| reversible inhibition of cathepsin l-like proteases by 4-mer pseudopeptides. | a library of 121 pseudopeptides was designed to develop reversible inhibitors of trypanosomal enzymes (cruzain from trypanosoma cruzi and congopain from trypanosoma congolense). the peptides share the framework: cha-x1-x2-pro (cha=cyclohexyl-alanine, x1 and x2 were phenylalanyl analogs), based on a previous report [lecaille, f., authié, e., moreau, t., serveau, c., gauthier, f. and lalmanach, g. (2001) eur. j. biochem. 268, 2733-2741]. five peptides containing a nitro-substituted aromatic residu ... | 2001 | 11696372 |
| surface molecules of procyclic forms of trypanosoma simiae and trypanosoma congolense, members of the subgenus nannomonas, share immunodominant carbohydrate epitopes. | 2001 | 11704280 | |
| enhancing effects of anti-cd40 treatment on the immune response of scid-bovine mice to trypanosoma congolense infection. | african trypansosomes are tsetse-transmitted parasites of chief importance in causing disease in livestock in regions of sub-saharan africa. previous studies have demonstrated that certain breeds of cattle are relatively resistant to infection with trypanosomes, and others are more susceptible. because of its extracellular location, the humoral branch of the immune system dominates the response against trypanosoma congolense. in the following study, we describe the humoral immune response genera ... | 2001 | 11739556 |
| application of pcr and dna probes in the characterisation of trypanosomes in the blood of cattle in farms in morogoro, tanzania. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probes were used to characterise trypanosomes from cattle in morogoro region of tanzania. blood samples collected from 390 beef and dairy cattle in selected farms in morogoro region were examined for presence of trypanosomes using the buffy coat technique (bct) and blood smears (bss). fifty-two animals were found infected: 40 with trypanosoma congolense, 10 with t. vivax and two with both t. congolense and t. vivax. dna extracted fr ... | 2001 | 11113548 |
| gpi-anchored proteins: now you see 'em, now you don't. | many cell surface proteins are attached to membranes via covalent glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchors that are posttranslationally linked to the carboxy-terminus of the protein. removal of the gpi lipid moieties by enzymes such as gpi-specific phospholipases or by chemical treatments generates a soluble form of the protein that no longer associates with lipid bilayers. we have found that the removal of lipid moieties from the anchor can also have a second, unexpected effect on the antigen ... | 2001 | 11156970 |
| estimation of trypanosomal status by the buffy coat technique and an antibody elisa for assessment of the impact of trypanosomosis on health and productivity of n'dama cattle in the gambia. | the buffy coat/dark ground phase contrast technique (bct) and an indirect antibody enzyme immunoassay (elisa) were employed to assess the trypanosomal status of 32 n'dama cattle, aged 19-28 months, exposed to natural challenge of glossina morsitans submorsitans and g. palpalis gambiensis. prior to the start of the investigation animals experienced 9-16 months of tsetse challenge in the study area. blood and corresponding serum samples were examined monthly for a period of 8 months for patent par ... | 2001 | 11163695 |
| charting methods to monitor the operational performance of elisa method for the detection of antibodies against trypanosomes. | four indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) for the detection of antibody against trypanosomes using antigen-precoated plates (trypanosoma congolense and t. vivax) were used in 15 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in africa and europe. the study provided data allowing an evaluation of charting methods with respect to the operational performance of each elisa. data from standardised internal quality control (iqc) samples were plotted on charts and used as the assay performance indi ... | 2001 | 11182234 |
| pathobiochemical mechanisms involved in the control of the disease caused by trypanosoma congolense in african grey duiker (sylvicapra grimmia). | the course of trypanosoma congolense infections in african grey duiker (sylvicapra grimmia) and sheep and goats were studied. several parameters suggested that the grey duiker was much more resistant to trypanosomosis than sheep and goats. they showed increases in weight during infection, had a much longer pre-patent period, and their peak parasitaemia levels were about 100-fold lower than those of sheep and goats. parasites were no longer detected in grey duiker blood 35 days after infection. a ... | 2001 | 11182235 |