Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| in vivo killing of intracellular visceral leishmania donovani by a macrophage-targeted hydrogen peroxide-generating system. | 1988 | 3198943 | |
| comparison of the protein kinase and acid phosphatase activities of five species of leishmania. | promastigotes from log phase and stationary phase cultures of leishmania donovani, l. braziliensis panamensis, l. tropica, l. major, and l. mexicana amazonensis were analyzed for their content of protein kinase and acid phosphatase activities. cell surface, histone-specific protein kinase activity was 1.3- to 2.8-fold higher in stationary phase cells of all species except for l. tropica in which the activities of stationary and log phase cells were equal; l. mexicana amazonensis had the highest ... | 1988 | 3199342 |
| persistence of human leishmanial antibodies in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in el agamy, egypt. | in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), individuals with leishmanial antibodies that reacted in the radioimmunoassay (ria) were retested to determine duration of leishmanial antibody retention. one fourth of adults retained antibodies for at least 10 months. at least 2/3 of asymptomatic children retained leishmanial antibodies for 5 to 7 months after detection. 2/3 of children treated for vl retained leishmanial antibodies for 5 to 7 months after treatment, while 1/3 retained antibodi ... | 1988 | 3203729 |
| heat shock and the relative hexokinase activity of leishmania aethiopica and leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3215177 | |
| comparative study of the biological behaviour in hamster of two isolates of leishmania characterized respectively as l. major-like and l. donovani. | 1988 | 3222614 | |
| biotechnology and visceral leishmaniasis in the world health organization's southeast asian region: research and reality. | 1988 | 3227396 | |
| an enzyme-linked lectin assay for the study of lectin receptors of leishmania. | an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ella) based on the elisa assay, using intact formalin-fixed promastigotes to coat poly-l-lysine-treated microtiter plates is described. the assay was used to study the lectin receptors of leishmania donovani chagasi, l. donovani donovani and l. mexicana amazonensis. cona, rca, wga, and pna receptors were found in the three parasites. sba receptors were found to be as frequent as the other receptors in l. donovani chagasi but not in the other two parasites which sho ... | 1988 | 3228632 |
| a search for leishmania in normal skin and blood of kala-azar patients from bihar, india. | 1988 | 3230291 | |
| vaccination and treatment trials against murine leishmaniasis with semi-purified leishmania antigens. | antigens with molecular weight ranges of 94-67 kda (lif2), 30-20 kda (lif5), or below 20 kda (lif6), isolated from lysates of leishmania infantum promastigotes by electroelution from polyacrylamide gels were injected into mice which were genetically either partially resistant (c57bl/6) or susceptible (balb/c) to leishmania infection. one month after the completion of the intravenous (c57bl/6) or subcutaneous (balb/c) schedules, the mice were challenged with 1 x 10(3) l. major promastigotes. all ... | 1988 | 3232174 |
| isolation and typing of leishmania infantum from phlebotomus neglectus on the island of corfu, greece. | 1988 | 3232178 | |
| in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of compounds in current clinical use for unrelated diseases. | drugs in current clinical use were tested for anti-leishmania activity using an in vitro infected macrophage assay. out of almost 400 compounds tested, over 100 were active. the most active compounds showed ed50 values below 1 microm concentration. it is concluded that the active compounds should receive testing in the in vivo system. in addition they will act as lead compounds for further synthetic programmes. | 1988 | 3246207 |
| experimental infection of the opossum didelphis albiventris (marsupialia, didelphidae) with leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3249558 | |
| isolation of leishmania donovani from phlebotomus martini in baringo district, kenya. | an 18-month sandfly survey was conducted at 4 locations in baringo district, rift valley province, kenya. 3 collection techniques were used: aspiration, sticky paper trap, and light trap in sites selected because of their proximity to homes of visceral leishmaniasis patients diagnosed and treated within 6 months before the survey. over 2000 female phlebotomus martini were collected of which 6 females were found to have flagellate protozoan infections. 3 of these infections were cultured successf ... | 1988 | 3252587 |
| supplemented schneider's drosophila medium for isolation of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | 1988 | 3252764 | |
| [active antihelminitic alkaloids: active in vitro against leishmanic tropica the protozoa involved in leishmaniasis]. | leishmaniasis caused by protozoan leishmania ssp., is an endemic parasitic disease in central and south america. the chemotherapeutic agents against leishmania ssp. (pentavalent antimony compounds, pentamidine and amphothericine b) are toxic and expensive products. basing on the bolivian folk medicine, we tried to find new active principles. fourteen isoquinoline alkaloids, especially bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids extracted from annonaceae, berberidaceae, hernandiaceae and menispermaceae, demo ... | 1988 | 3253497 |
| calcium as a possible second messenger of external signals in leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3253500 | |
| development of monoclonal antibodies to assay for circulating antigen in visceral leishmaniasis. | 1988 | 3253509 | |
| experimental infection of the naked mole-rat, heterocephalus glaber, with leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3256107 | |
| epidemiological studies on american leishmaniasis in ceará state, brazil. molecular characterization of the leishmania isolates. | two methods of molecular characterization, using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme electrophoresis, were employed in the identification of 36 stocks of leishmania isolated from human and canine cases of american visceral (avl) and cutaneous (acl) leishmaniases in the northern part of ceará state, brazil. molecular homogeneous strains of leishmania donovani (chagasi) isolated from both human and canine hosts were detected in 14 municipalities. two more parasite species, l. braziliensis braziliensi ... | 1988 | 3256276 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis at wadi hamam, in israel. | a preliminary survey of canine leishmaniasis was made in israel by serodiagnosis, using a direct and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. three (4%) of the 75 dogs surveyed were seropositive. the infected dogs came from wadi hamam near tiberias in northern israel. parasites isolated from one dog by needle aspiration were identified as leishmania donovani sensu lato by their excreted factor. | 1988 | 3256986 |
| clinical and immunological responses following accidental inoculation of leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3256987 | |
| visceral leishmaniasis in man and dogs in south-west saudi arabia. | 1988 | 3256988 | |
| the discovery and preliminary characterization of a novel trypanosomatid parasite from rattus norvegicus and stray dogs from alexandria, egypt. | a survey of rodents and dogs was carried out in alexandria and its environs to see if an animal reservoir was associated with an outbreak of infantile kala-azar in this area. three rodent species, rattus rattus, rattus norvegicus and mus musculus, were commonly trapped and examined. a flagellate parasite was isolated from the spleens of two r. norvegicus. it was typed serologically by excreted factor serotyping and enzymologically by thick starch electrophoresis of four of its enzymes: gpi, g6pd ... | 1988 | 3257073 |
| suppression of il-2 production by cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active visceral leishmaniasis in sicily. | the ability of pbmc from eight patients with confirmed visceral leishmaniasis (leishmania donovani) to produce il-2 in response to pha in vitro was investigated. pbmc from the patients produced significantly lower levels of il-2 and had reduced proliferative response to pha at the time of disease diagnosis compared with healthy controls. their ability to produce il-1 in response to lps was, however, unaltered. the patients also showed normal levels of okt4+ and il-2r+ cells in the peripheral blo ... | 1988 | 3258620 |
| isolation of protective t cells from balb/cj mice chronically infected with leishmania donovani. | balb/cj mice, which are homozygous for lshs on chromosone 1, are genetically susceptible to leishmania donovani (s3), but spontaneously reduce their parasite burdens late in the course of infection. spleens from chronically infected mice (5 to 8 mo) were found to have t cells that responded to leishmanial ag by proliferating and secreting immune ifn. an ifn-secreting t cell line derived from the spleen of a chronically infected mouse, after boosting with leishmanial ag and treatment with pentost ... | 1988 | 3262649 |
| protective t cell responses in balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. | 1988 | 3267035 | |
| immunodiagnosis of kala-azar by elisa using intact promastigote. | 1988 | 3268597 | |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis: presentation and problems of patient management. | 1988 | 3271359 | |
| record of flagellate infection in phlebotomus argentipes in some kala azar endemic areas of bihar, india. | 1988 | 3271754 | |
| cell-mediated responses and protection elicited by a carbohydrate-lipid-containing fraction extracted from leishmania major promastigotes. | carbohydrate-lipid-containing fractions (clf) extracted from leishmania major promastigotes and recognized by sera from immune but not from normal human donors were evaluated for their capacity to elicit cell-mediated responses. it was found that one of these fractions, clf-1, stimulated the in vitro response of lymphocytes from immune but not from normal human donors. a similarly extracted fraction from l. donovani parasites also elicited an in vitro response by cells from donors immune to l. m ... | 1988 | 3338094 |
| purification of two leishmania donovani membrane proteins recognized by sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis. | two leishmania donovani membrane proteins recognized by sera from patients with visceral leishmaniasis were purified using species-specific monoclonal antibodies and characterized. the molecular weights of the proteins, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were approximately 70,000 and approximately 72,000, respectively. the 70 kda protein, which appears as a diffuse band on silver staining, was resolved into a doublet by western blotting with monoclonal an ... | 1988 | 3343999 |
| in vitro assessment of anti-leishmania immunity of man acquired with a vaccine. | monocytes, obtained from a human volunteer immunized with a leishmania infantum-derived vaccine, when cultured in vitro displayed a strong parasiticidal activity against l. major promastigotes. in addition, immune serum conferred leishmanicidal activities to monocytes of normal, unexposed donors, and to murine macrophages. | 1988 | 3350121 |
| resistance against leishmania donovani induced with an aluminum hydroxide vaccine. | mice immunized with a subcutaneous protocol combining killed parasites and aluminum hydroxide gel exhibited significant resistance against subsequent challenge with leishmania donovani promastigotes. protection was greatest using 25 mg of aluminum hydroxide per injection. resistance elicited by this killed parasite and aluminum hydroxide protocol was as effective on day 14 as that provided by immunization with a glucan and killed parasite preparation, and more effective in hepatic amastigote red ... | 1988 | 3355098 |
| differences in lsh gene control over systemic leishmania major and leishmania donovani or leishmania mexicana mexicana infections are caused by differential targeting to infiltrating and resident liver macrophage populations. | earlier studies had shown that the viscerotropic nih 173 strain of cutaneous leishmania major fails to come under lsh gene control. visceral leishmania donovani lv9 and another viscerotropic cutaneous strain, leishmania mexicana mexicana lv4, are controlled by lsh. the results of double-infection experiments presented here show that expression of lsh resistance against l. mexicana mexicana was enhanced in the presence of l. donovani, whereas l. major still failed to come under lsh gene control, ... | 1988 | 3356462 |
| effects of a chronic wasting infection on skeletal muscle size and contractile properties. | to evaluate the effects of chronic infection on skeletal muscle dimensions and contractile properties, we used a hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis, a parasitic infection of the reticuloendothelial system produced by leishmania donovani (ld). to distinguish between effects of reduced caloric intake and infection per se, we also studied healthy control animals and noninfected animals subjected to caloric restriction. three muscles were tested in vitro: plantaris, soleus, and diaphragm. both ... | 1988 | 3356664 |
| is leishmania infantum an opportunistic parasite in patients with anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies? | 1988 | 3365090 | |
| [syndrome of activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system. initial manifestation of visceral leishmaniasis]. | we report a case of mononuclear phagocyte system activation observed in a 12 month-old girl presenting with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, histiocytic hyperplasia with hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow, high triglyceride and low fibrinogen blood levels. this syndrome was associated with visceral leishmaniasis. we conclude that systemic leishmaniasis is a curable cause of disorders characterized by an activation of the mononuclear phagocyte system. | 1988 | 3365103 |
| leishmania donovani: role of microviscosity of macrophage membrane in the process of parasite attachment and internalization. | host macrophage infection by the parasite leishmania donovani is heterogeneous, but it is not clear which factors are responsible for parasite recognition within the macrophages. one possible factor may be the alteration of the microviscosity of the macrophage membrane. this in turn may affect receptor expression and hence parasite infection. in this paper we describe alteration of the lipid composition and hence the microviscosity of the macrophage membrane in a controlled manner using liposome ... | 1988 | 3366213 |
| methotrexate-resistant leishmania donovani genetically deficient in the folate-methotrexate transporter. | from a mutagenized population of wild type leishmania donovani promastigotes, a clone was isolated in a single step by virtue of its resistance to 1 mm methotrexate, a potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. this methotrexate-selected cell line, mtxa5, was cross-resistant to aminopterin but just as sensitive to growth inhibition caused by pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, and cytotoxic purine and pyrimidine analogs. unlike previously characterized methotrexate-resistant leishmania (coderre, j. a ... | 1988 | 3366764 |
| use of purified parasite proteins from leishmania donovani for the rapid serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. | serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (vl) due to leishmania donovani by using crude parasite antigen is complicated in many endemic areas because of cross-reactions with sera from humans with chagas' disease. we used affinity-purified parasite proteins to develop a direct dot-blot assay for vl. double-blind tests were carried out on sera from 40 patients with well-documented vl, from controls in endemic areas, and from patients with other diseases. using gp70-2, 36 (90.0%) of 40 sera from pat ... | 1988 | 3373022 |
| investigation into the presence of leishmania antibodies in patients with hepatosplenomegaly. | 1988 | 3373056 | |
| role of mannose/n-acetylglucosamine receptors in blood clearance and cellular attachment of leishmania donovani. | the effects of glycoproteins and neoglycoproteins specific for liver and macrophage membrane lectins on both the cellular attachment and the clearance of leishmania donovani from hamster blood were investigated. although the inhibition pattern of in vitro cellular attachment studies indicates the involvement of both galactose and mannose/n-acetylglucosamine receptors, the in vivo blood clearance of the parasites was inhibited only by glycoproteins and neoglycoproteins specific for mannose/n-acet ... | 1988 | 3374526 |
| the major concanavalin a-binding surface glycoprotein of leishmania donovani chagasi promastigotes is involved in attachment to human macrophages. | leishmania donovani, the protozoan causing visceral leishmaniasis, is an obligate intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages. considerable evidence has suggested that the ingestion of l. donovani promastigotes by macrophages occurs via receptors on the surface of the phagocyte. during this study, a glycoconjugate that may be involved in the receptor-mediated ingestion of l. donovani chagasi promastigotes was isolated from the parasite membrane. octyl glucoside-soluble extracts of promastigo ... | 1988 | 3379307 |
| a ricin agglutinin-resistant clone of leishmania donovani deficient in lipophosphoglycan. | a variant cell line of leishmania donovani (named r2d2) has been selected for resistance to the cytotoxic lectin ricin agglutinin and shown to be defective in the synthesis of its major glycoconjugate lipophosphoglycan. compared to the parental line, r2d2 cells showed a marked resistance to the toxic effects of ricin and an increased sensitivity toward concanavalin a. the synthesis of lipophosphoglycan by r2d2 cells was judged to be less than 1% relative to that of wildtype cells as determined b ... | 1988 | 3386685 |
| isolation and identification of coenzyme q from leishmania donovani. | crystalline coenzyme q (coq) was obtained from leishmania donovani promastigotes by extraction of the unsaponifiable material with hexane, chromatography on a florisil column and crystallization from ethanol. crystalline coq in ethanol revealed an ultraviolet-peak, at 275 nm, which disappeared upon reduction with nabh4. polarographic and mass fragmentographic measurements were characteristic of coq homologs. reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography revealed that it is coq9. | 1988 | 3386688 |
| characterisation of a simple, highly repetitive dna sequence from the parasite leishmania donovani. | repetitive dna sequences of the leishmania donovani genome have been identified by screening a recombinant dna library made by cloning sheared genomic dna into the vector pat153. bacterial clones containing a highly repetitive dna sequence have been isolated. dna sequencing has shown that this sequence is composed of tandem repeats of the sequence 5'-ccctaa-3'. this sequence is identical to the telomeric repeats found in trypanosoma brucei and hybridizes to all leishmania chromosomes. in this st ... | 1988 | 3386690 |
| [specificity of the interrelations of leishmania and host cells in vitro]. | experiments on cross infection of peritoneal macrophages of mice with leishmania of reptiles l. gymnodactyli and free cells of abdominal cavity of caucasian agama (some part of which is composed by fibroblasts) with leishmania of mammals l. major and l. donovani have shown the possibility of reproduction of the above species both in reptiles and mammals. the persistence of l. gymnodactyli and l. major in macrophages of mice was traced up to 10 days, the abundance of l. gymnodactyli during the wh ... | 1988 | 3387121 |
| presence of a lipophosphoglycan in two variants of trypanosoma brucei brucei. | for the family of trypanosomatidae (trypanosoma and leishmania) the organization of the glycoproteins on the cell surface is a well documented structural feature, because their plasma membranes are potential target for chemotherapy. by using metabolic labeling ( [32p] phosphate, [3h]-myristic acid, [3h]-galactose) and by appropriate fractionated extraction, we have found a trypanosomal molecule which has electrophoretic and chromatographic properties consistent with the lipophosphoglycan of leis ... | 1988 | 3390183 |
| an experimental model system for leishmaniasis. effects of porphyrin-compounds and menadione on leishmania parasites engulfed by cultured macrophages. | in order to facilitate studies on the effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the host-parasite interactions in leishmaniasis, we have developed an experimental model for infecting human monocyte-derived- and mouse peritoneal macrophages in culture with recently-isolated leishmania donovani promastigots (ldp). the chemotherapeutic agents studied were protoporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, menadione, and combinations of hematoporphyrin plus menadione. since the leishmania donovani amastigotes survived po ... | 1988 | 3395481 |
| the identification of membrane glycoconjugates in leishmania species. | the membrane glycoconjugates of 8 different species of leishmania were compared by lectin blotting. five different lectins with various sugar specificities were examined: concanavalin a, lens culinaris, ricinus communis, soybean agglutinin, and peanut agglutinin. concanavalin a and lens culinaris reacted with every leishmania tested. the patterns observed for these 2 lectins, as well as the various species of parasites, were different. however, a common 41,000-52,000 and a 160,000-185,000 mr com ... | 1988 | 3397816 |
| primary structure of the leishmania donovani small subunit ribosomal rna coding region. | 1988 | 3405771 | |
| leishmania donovani: superoxide dismutase level in infected macrophages. | superoxide dismutase (sod), a metal containing enzyme is present in parasite leishmania donovani as well as in host macrophages both resident and activated in a detectable amount, although the level is much higher in the latter case. it is observed that at any particular protein concentration, the sod activity is highest in the case of parasite infected macrophages and lowest in the case of normal resident macrophages; the sod activity of thioglycolate activated macrophages lies in between the t ... | 1988 | 3408810 |
| improvement of a direct agglutination test for field studies of visceral leishmaniasis. | to increase the potential for the wide-scale application of our direct agglutination test for visceral leishmaniasis, modifications in the components and procedures were introduced. supplementation with 0.056 m citrate of the suspension medium stabilized the antigen for 9 weeks at 37 degrees c. to circumvent the need for cooling systems in the field, 0.2% (wt/vol) gelatin was added to the serum diluent instead of fetal bovine serum, with reliable results. specificity and sensitivity were improve ... | 1988 | 3410946 |
| genetic characterization of leishmania isolates at 37 enzyme loci. | 1988 | 3417374 | |
| leishmania d. infantum from the spleen of an adult patient with hepatosplenomegaly. | 1988 | 3418168 | |
| observations on the development of leishmania (l.) chagasi cunha and chagas in the midgut of the sandfly vector lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz and neiva). | previous observations have shown that forms of leishmania, infective to hamsters, are present in the midgut of experimentally infected sandflies from 15-221 hours after the infective bloodmeal. in a continuation of these studies, stained smears of the midgut contents of lutzomyia longipalpis infected with leishmania (l.) chagasi, made at intervals between 15-120 hours, revealed two lines of parasite development. one of these is the direct transformation of small, non-dividing amastigotes into ve ... | 1988 | 3421641 |
| eicosanoid metabolism by leishmania donovani-infected macrophages: mouse strain responses in prostanoid synthesis. | arachidonic acid (20:4) conversion to prostanoids was examined in murine peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro with leishmania donovani. four strains of mice differing in resistance to in vivo l. donovani infection were studied. normal macrophages from all strains converted 20:4 to prostanoids and this was augmented by l. donovani infection. although cells from each strain synthesized elevated levels of prostaglandin-e2 (pge2), there were differences with respect to relative increases of this ... | 1988 | 3422546 |
| an endemic focus of visceral leishmaniasis in meshkin-shahr, east azerbaijan province, north-west part of iran and ifa serological survey of the disease in this area. | the incidence of visceral leishmaniasis has being increased in iran during the recent decade. since 1980, more than 200 cases have been diagnosed from east azerbaijan province, mostly, from meshkin-shahr area. it seems, that kala-azar has being endemic in this area for a long time. the majority (86%) of kala-azar cases were found among children up to 4 years. the sex incidence ratio of males/females was 1.27/1. in ifa serological survey, sero-positive rate in females was higher than males. howev ... | 1988 | 3046770 |
| [immunodiagnostic findings in patients with kala-azar]. | using three immunoreactions (complement-fixation reaction; enzyme immune test; indirect immunofluorescence), antibody formation was tested in 66 patients with kala-azar and 74 controls (blood donors; accident patients). moderately elevated and high antibody levels for each of three reactions were defined to provide diagnostic criteria. moderately high or high antibody concentrations against leishmania antigen were found in one of the three immunoreactions in 9 patients, in two of the three in 21 ... | 1988 | 3046895 |
| the biology and biochemistry of the glucose transporter. | 1988 | 3048404 | |
| specific serodiagnosis of canine leishmaniasis by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | the increased prevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs in mediterranean countries has necessitated use of a reliable specific method of immunodiagnosis. research was carried out on 88 dogs, among which were 26 with severe clinical leishmaniasis (group a), 15 with mild signs of disease (group b), and 11 without signs of disease (group c); in addition, 15 were healthy (group d) and 21 were affected with various other diseases (group e). dogs of groups d and e were used as controls. infection was confir ... | 1988 | 3052194 |
| nucleoside uptake in trypanosoma cruzi: analysis of a mutant resistant to tubercidin. | nucleoside salvage pathways are vital to the parasitic protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, and have become important targets in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents against this organism. we produced a mutant t. cruzi clone with a defect in the uptake of the adenosine analogue tubercidin which allowed us to hypothesize that there are at least two distinct nucleoside transport pathways in this parasite. the mutant shows a marked defect in the uptake of tubercidin and thymidine, whereas the upt ... | 1988 | 3054542 |
| identification and characterization of a non-interferon antileishmanial macrophage activating factor (antileishmanial maf). | a non-interferon lymphokine elaborated from pha and con a-stimulated human t-cell hybridoma, t-cema, has been found to activate monocyte-derived macrophages for the intracellular killing of l. donovani (antileishmanial maf). this t-cell hybridoma derived antileishmanial maf which has an apparent mw of 65,000 and pi of 5.3-5.6, contains neither antiviral activity nor colony stimulating activity. furthermore, antileishmanial maf is not neutralized by anti-mif, anti-ifn-gamma or anti-gm-csf antibod ... | 1988 | 3059767 |
| [visceral kala-azar of spanish origin. apropos of a case]. | 1988 | 3061269 | |
| monoclonal antibodies that recognize distinct epitopes of the macrophage type three complement receptor differ in their ability to inhibit binding of leishmania promastigotes harvested at different phases of their growth cycle. | the macrophage receptor cr3 has been shown by several investigators to be involved in the binding of leishmania promastigotes to host macrophages. this receptor is known to recognize ic3b and to mediate direct lectin-like attachment of particles such as yeast zymosan. in the present study, two anti-cr3 monoclonal antibodies, m1/70 and 5c6, which ligate different epitopes of murine cr3, have been used in conjunction with sodium salicyl hydroxamate (saha; inhibits covalent ester linkages of c3 to ... | 1988 | 3065216 |
| [observations on kala azar in jacobina, bahia. vi. investigations on sylvatic and commensal mammals]. | 1988 | 3068712 | |
| aspartate transcarbamylase from leishmania donovani. a discrete, nonregulatory enzyme as a potential chemotherapeutic site. | leishmania donovani is a protozoal pathogen that belongs to the kinetoplastida order. unlike in other eucaryotic systems, the first three enzymes of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway are not components of a multifunctional protein system. the three enzyme activities in the crude extract were separated on a sephacryl s-200 column. aspartate carbamoyltransferase (ec 2.1.3.2) has been purified to apparent homogeneity. the enzyme has an approximate molecular weight of 135,000 and seems to ... | 1988 | 2891701 |
| long term cryopreservation of the amastigote stages of hemoflagellates. | tissue homogenates containing amastigotes of either leishmania donovani, l. tropica, or trypanosoma cruzi were rapidly frozen with 10% glycerol as cryoprotectant. viability and pathogenicity were maintained for at least 23 years with the khartoum strain of l. donovani, 22 years with the malakal strain of l. donovani, and 7 years for l. tropica and t. cruzi. similar results over a shorter period of time were obtained with a slow-freezing technique. | 1988 | 3284997 |
| the dynamics of granuloma formation in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | we have examined the temporal sequence of events leading to the formation of hepatic granulomas after the intravenous injection of l. donovani amastigotes into balb/c mice. parasite ingestion by permissive kupffer cells (kc) occurred promptly, and local kc aggregations were the foci about which granulomas were subsequently formed. infected kc were recognized by the uptake of colloidal carbon and the expression of the macrophage-specific antigen recognized by f4/80 mab. peroxidase-positive granul ... | 1988 | 3290381 |
| identification of leishmania donovani amastigotes in canine tissues by immunoperoxidase staining. | this paper describes the demonstration of leishmania donovani amastigotes in canine tissues by immunoperoxidase staining. an indirect immunoperoxidase method was applied to the organs of 20 dogs in which leishmaniasis was previously diagnosed. haemosiderin pigment was eliminated with 5 per cent oxalic acid. amastigotes of l donovani appeared as dark brown stained bodies which contrasted with haematoxylin stained host cells. no positively stained amastigotes could be seen in any of the sections i ... | 1988 | 3291029 |
| immunization of dogs with a leishmania infantum-derived vaccine. | a partially-purified extract of leishmania infantum has been administered to healthy dogs. post-immunization sera were found to neutralize the infectivity of l. infantum and to abate the development of l. major. muramyl dipeptide and one of its derivates, murabutide, were the best adjuvants. | 1988 | 3291382 |
| complement receptor type 3 (cr3) binds to an arg-gly-asp-containing region of the major surface glycoprotein, gp63, of leishmania promastigotes. | the major surface glycoprotein of leishmania promastigotes, gp63, was isolated and reconstituted into a lipid membrane immobilized on the surface of 5-micron-diameter silica beads. these beads bound to the macrophage (mo), and the extent of binding correlated with the density of gp63 on the bead. the bead thus facilitated analysis of the binding specificity of a single ligand, gp63, without contribution from other molecules present on the surface of intact promastigotes. plating of mo onto subst ... | 1988 | 3294332 |
| a tandem pair of leishmania donovani cation transporting atpase genes encode isoforms that are differentially expressed. | the second gene (atpase 1b) of a tandem pair of cation transporting atpases from leishmania donovani was cloned and sequenced. the sequence of this gene was very similar to its upstream neighbor (atpase 1a). both genes contained a 2922 base open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 974 amino acids. the genes differed at 34 nucleotide base positions, predicting 20 amino acid differences between the two peptides. these changes were clustered at the carboxy terminus with 15 changes occurr ... | 1989 | 2469011 |
| hybrid molecules: growth inhibition of leishmania donovani promastigotes by thiosemicarbazones of 3-carboxy-beta-carbolines. | the thiosemicarbazones of beta-carboline-3-carboxaldehyde (compound 2) and 3-acetyl-beta-carboline (compound 3) were found to effectively inhibit the in vitro growth of the promastigote form of leishmania donovani, 50% inhibition being obtained at concentrations of 5.0 and 2.5 microm, respectively, while irreversible growth inhibition was achieved at 40 (compound 2) and 17.5 microm (compound 3). the thiosemicarbazone of pyridine-2-carboxyaldehyde (compound 4) was considerably less active while b ... | 1989 | 2470903 |
| the immunochemical structure and surface arrangement of leishmania donovani lipophosphoglycan determined using monoclonal antibodies. | using intact leishmania donovani promastigotes or purified l. donovani lipophosphoglycan (lpg) as immunogens, we have derived four lpg-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). two of these mabs recognize an epitope consisting of the repeating phosphorylated galactose beta-1,4-mannose disaccharide portion of the molecule and cross-reacted with lpg from leishmania major. these mabs bound to the surface of living promastigotes of both species. the two other mabs bound to the phosphosaccharide core st ... | 1989 | 2475775 |
| identification of antigens recognized by t cells in human leishmaniasis: analysis of t-cell clones by immunoblotting. | immunity in human leishmaniasis is mediated by sensitized t lymphocytes; however, the antigens involved in eliciting this immunity have not been defined. we describe the generation of human t-lymphocyte clones derived from two patients with healed leishmaniasis. by use of one- and two-dimensional cellular immunoblotting techniques, we directly identified the parasite antigens recognized by these clones. to our knowledge, these are the first leishmanial antigens identified to which cd4+, gamma in ... | 1989 | 2476395 |
| purine deoxynucleoside salvage in giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia is dependent on the salvage of preformed purines and pyrimidines, including deoxythymidine. dependence on deoxynucleoside salvage is extremely unusual among eucaryotic cells (moore, e. c., and hurlbert, r. b. (1985) pharmacol & ther. 27, 167-196). the present study investigates the possibility that giardia lacks ribonucleotide reductase and depends entirely on deoxynucleoside salvage. a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, hydroxyurea, at concentrations up to 2 mm had no effect on ... | 1989 | 2480350 |
| a rapid staining technique for leishmania parasites in splenic aspirate smears. | a quick and suitable method for staining leishmania donovani and other blood protozoa is described. the method, which could have wide applications, is a modification of field's staining technique as used for malaria parasites. it uses the same stains in a different order. the method has been tried on smears containing malaria and trypanosomes, and the results were good. it is very cheap and requires no special apparatus or training. | 1989 | 2481429 |
| detection of antigen specific circulating immune complexes in indian kala-azar. | the sera of active and treated cases of kala-azar were tested for circulating immune complexes (cic) by antigen-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). all (100%) of proved cases had elevated cic; 64.3% of clinically diagnosed cases and 58.8% of treated cases were also positive for cic. a fall in the level of cic was observed after treatment. detection of antigen-specific cic may be useful in monitoring the therapeutic effect and recovery. | 1989 | 2482707 |
| leishmaniasis in bolivia. vii. infection of sentinel porcupines (coendou prehensilis, l.) by leishmania (le.) chagasi. | 1989 | 2487453 | |
| role of tryptophan degradation in respiratory burst-independent antimicrobial activity of gamma interferon-stimulated human macrophages. | to determine whether extracellular tryptophan degradation represents an oxygen-independent antimicrobial mechanism, we examined the effect of exogenous tryptophan on the intracellular antimicrobial activity of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-stimulated human macrophages. ifn-gamma readily induced normal monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) to express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) activity and stimulated mdm, alveolar macrophages, and oxidatively deficient chronic granulomatous disease mdm to degr ... | 1989 | 2492973 |
| [an immunologic method of producing antigens for the treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis]. | antigens isolated from lysates of l. infantum promastigotes by electroelution from polyacrylamide gels and by gel filtration, have already been proven to induce anti-leishmania protective immunity in balb/c mice when injected subcutaneously. at the present time, five preparations including either leishmania antigens or anti-idiotypic reagents as vaccines can be considered as candidates for immunoprophylaxis in natural hosts of leishmania parasites. we present a new method for producing leishmani ... | 1989 | 2493318 |
| putrescine transport system in leishmania infantum promastigotes. | a transport system for putrescine in leishmania infantum (= l. donovani infantum) promastigotes has been identified and characterized by measuring the uptake of radioactively labelled putrescine. putrescine uptake was time- and temperature-dependent without any accumulation taking place at 0 degrees c. uptake of putrescine was maximal at ph values near neutrality. putrescine uptake showed an apparent km = 1.08 +/- 0.12 microm and a vmax = 1.74 + 0.62 pmol min-1 (10(6) cells)-1. the effect of met ... | 1989 | 2503722 |
| enhancement of macrophage il-1 production by leishmania major infection in vitro and its inhibition by ifn-gamma. | peritoneal cells from highly susceptible balb/c mice were infected with leishmania major and cultured for various times in vitro. the culture supernatants contained significant levels of il-1 which were consistently higher than those in the cell cultures stimulated with an optimal concentration of lps. this finding extends to a macrophage cell line, p388d1, and peritoneal exudate cells stimulated with starch in vivo. however, the level of il-1 produced was significantly reduced when the cells we ... | 1989 | 2506273 |
| mouse interferon-gamma in liposomes: pharmacokinetics, organ-distribution, and activation of spleen and liver macrophages in vivo. | recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) was encapsulated into multilamellar vesicles and the proportion of encapsulated ifn-gamma determined by biological activity was 19%. the distribution of 125i-labeled ifn-gamma liposomes in c57bl/6 mice was analyzed. after an initial enrichment of liposomes in lung, more than 60% of total 125i-labeled ifn-gamma was accumulated in spleen and liver. furthermore, it was observed if the encapsulation of ifn-gamma in liposomes prevented the rapid decay of ... | 1989 | 2507661 |
| antileishmanial effect of free and encapsulated sinefungin against leishmania donovani infections in balb/c mice. | sinefungin, a c-nucleoside antibiotic, displays a high antiparasitic action. the effect of free and microencapsulated sinefungin was compared on balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani; the encapsulated form proved more effective by one order of magnitude. | 1989 | 2508995 |
| the oxidative response of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils to leishmanias and other trypanosomatids. | luminometry has been used to measure the respiratory burst of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils that is elicited by different forms and species of leishmania and herpetomonas. mid-log phase and metacyclic promastigotes of l. major evoked large responses; that due to metacyclics was lower and slower, but they also bound in smaller numbers than mid-log phase cells. promastigotes of l. mexicana mexicana also stimulated a large respiratory burst whereas amastigotes elicited little or none. leishmania do ... | 1989 | 2509389 |
| il-4 inhibits h2o2 production and antileishmanial capacity of human cultured monocytes mediated by ifn-gamma. | the effect of il-4 on the ifn-gamma-induced state of activation of cultured human monocytes was investigated with regard to their ability to produce hydrogen peroxide and their antileishmanial capacity towards the intracellular parasite leishmania donovani. il-4 was found to inhibit the ifn-gamma-dependent hydrogen peroxide production of monocytes. treatment of monocytes with ifn-gamma (200 to 600 u/ml) for 48 h increased the hydrogen peroxide production fourfold above background. coincubation o ... | 1989 | 2509562 |
| experimental visceral leishmaniasis: role of endogenous ifn-gamma in host defense and tissue granulomatous response. | the capacity of balb/c mice to acquire resistance to and eliminate intracellular visceral leishmania donovani is t cell dependent, associated with a granulomatous tissue reaction, and correlates with the ability to secrete the macrophage-activating lymphokine, ifn-gamma. these responses appear by 4 wk after infection and are fully established by 8 wk. to examine the role of endogenous ifn-gamma, balb/c mice were injected with anti-ifn-gamma mab before and for 8 wk after infection. at 4 wk, mab t ... | 1989 | 2512353 |
| c-fos and tumor necrosis factor gene expression in leishmania donovani-infected macrophages. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan which resides in macrophages and impairs a number of macrophage functions. we have undertaken to study this host cell-parasite interaction by examining the ability of l. donovani to impair the transmission of information from the cell surface to the nucleus and thus influence normal gene expression. we demonstrate that, in response to lipopolysaccharide, expression of both the c-fos and tumor necrosis factor genes was impaired in l. dono ... | 1989 | 2513483 |
| the feasibility of discrimination between leishmania and endotrypanum using total parasite dna probes. | 1989 | 2514470 | |
| further characterization of chinese leishmania isolates by isoenzyme electrophoresis. | ten chinese leishmania isolates from different endemic areas and hosts are characterized by isoenzyme electrophoresis for 9 enzymes. seven were isolated from visceral leishmaniasis patients, one from an infected dog, one from a sandfly and one from a naturally infected racoon dog. eight of the 10 isolates were indistinguishable in isoenzyme profile from the l infantum reference strain. the isoenzyme profiles of the remaining two isolates (from kala azar patients in xinjiang) could not be charact ... | 1989 | 2517080 |
| in vivo effect of eflornithine (dfmo) and some related compounds on leishmania infantum preliminary communication. | an in vivo method was used to test the effect of eflornithine (dfmo) and five related compounds on leishmania infantum amastigotes. treatment with 100 mg/kg sc for 5 days of leishmania infected balb/c mice yielded a parasite inhibition ranging from 56% (compound 2, "reverse arginine") to 85% (eflornithine), these values being lower than that obtained with the reference compound glucantime (93%). in long-term treatment (40 days) the two selected compounds, eflornithine and 3 ("reverse homoarginin ... | 1989 | 2517472 |
| antigen-specific immunosuppression in visceral leishmaniasis is cell mediated. | visceral leishmaniasis is associated with an antigen-specific immunosuppression during the acute disease. patients become responsive to leishmania antigen in both in vivo and in vitro assays after successful antimony therapy. the cell type involved in the suppression of lymphocyte reactivity to leishmania antigen was studied by selective depletion of mononuclear cell (mnc) populations and in co-cultivation experiments. adherent cells were depleted on plastic and by passage on nylon wool columns. ... | 1989 | 2522103 |
| inhibitory effects on protein kinase c activity by lipophosphoglycan fragments and glycosylphosphatidylinositol antigens of the protozoan parasite leishmania. | fragments of the lipophosphoglycan of leishmania donovani were generated by phospholipase c digestion and mild acid hydrolysis. the fragments were purified and examined for inhibitory activity on protein kinase c isolated from rat brains. on a molar basis, the 1-o-alkylglycerol portion of lpg exhibited the most inhibitory activity, whereas the carbohydrate domain was not as effective. in addition, several glycolipid antigens from l. major, which contain short carbohydrate chains attached to phos ... | 1989 | 2524191 |
| the effect of cyclosporin a in murine visceral leishmaniasis. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite of macrophages whose control is effected by cellular mechanism. in order to determine the role of t-helper cells and their soluble mediators in the control of the infection, the effects of cyclosporin a (csa) were studied in strains of mice (c57l/j and c57bl/6j) known to be resistant and susceptible. mice treated with csa (200 mg/kg) exhibited as early as day 15 a significant increase in the level of their infection. the number ... | 1989 | 2525802 |
| comparison of t-cell responses in self-limiting versus progressive visceral leishmania donovani infections in golden hamsters. | leishmania donovani infection in golden hamsters was studied as a model for human kala-azar. after intradermal inoculation of l. donovani amastigotes, hamsters developed positive skin reactions (delayed-type hypersensitivity [dth]) to parasite antigens and lymphoid cells from these hamsters proliferated to parasite antigens in vitro and transferred dth reactivity to normal recipients. in contrast, hamsters infected by the intracardial route developed progressive visceral infections and failed to ... | 1989 | 2528507 |
| [visceral leishmaniasis in ordubad district, nakhichevan assr]. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) focus in the ordubad district of the nakhichevan assr has become active for the last years. complex study of the focus, performed in 1985-1987, allowed to establish the following: vl causative agent, circulating in the ordubad district belongs to the leishmania infantum species. it was identified by isoenzymatic analysis (for 12 enzymes) and the adler serological test. disease cases prevailed in the upper part of the town of ordubad and were confined to a small area ( ... | 1989 | 2528672 |
| importance of lymphokines in the control of multiplication and dispersion of leishmania donovani within liver macrophages of resistant and susceptible mice. | leishmania donovani is an obligate intracellular parasite of mammalian macrophages. the immunosuppressant cyclosporin a (csa), which inhibits the production of interleukin (il)-1, il-2, and interferon-gamma, increased infections 3-fold without affecting expression of the lsh gene. the objective of this study was to determine how activation of macrophages by lymphokines affects the multiplication and propagation of the parasite within liver macrophages. susceptible c57bl/6j and resistant c57l/j m ... | 1989 | 2529362 |
| study of circulating immune complexes during the evolution of visceral mediterranean leishmaniasis. | in the present study, sera of 56 children suffering from visceral mediterranean leishmaniasis were analysed. the incidence of circulating immune complexes (cic) by elisa technique using the conglutinin binding assay was 39% before treatment, 28% after the first treatment, and nil at the end of the second one. the c4 levels remain low even after treatment. the anti-leishmania antibodies (aal) account for 95% of the cases before treatment and 84% after treatment. the rheumatoid factor (fr) also re ... | 1989 | 2532497 |