Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| looking for a few good mutants. | 1999 | 10447486 | |
| risk factors for nosocomial candiduria due to candida glabrata and candida albicans. | the aims of this study were to analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with catheter-associated candiduria due to candida glabrata and due to candida albicans and to compare patients with candiduria due to c. glabrata or c. albicans (cases) with controls. controls were a randomly chosen sample of inpatients with foley catheters for whom urine cultures were negative for candida species. univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. there were 40 cases of c. glabrat ... | 1999 | 10589912 |
| characterisation of yeasts implicated in vulvovaginal candidosis in irish women. | high-vaginal swabs were taken from 98 women attending a genitourinary clinic in dublin city who presented with symptoms of vaginitis. twenty-eight (28.6%) proved culture-positive for yeasts. candida albicans was isolated from 26 of the yeast-positive patients and candida glabrata and candida tropicalis were isolated from a further two patients. two patients were colonized by two yeasts simultaneously (c. albicans and candida lucitaniae, and c. albicans and candida krusei). yeasts were characteri ... | 1999 | 10695049 |
| optimizing voriconazole susceptibility testing of candida: effects of incubation time, endpoint rule, species of candida, and level of fluconazole susceptibility. | voriconazole is a new triazole antifungal agent that has potent activity against many isolates of candida, including candida krusei and candida glabrata. in this work, we studied the impact of glucose supplementation, incubation time, agitation of the plates prior to reading, endpoint determination rule, visual versus spectrophotometric reading, candida species, and fluconazole mic on the mic of voriconazole for candida isolates tested by using the microdilution format assay of the national comm ... | 1999 | 10449447 |
| candida glabrata arthritis: case report and review of the literature of candida arthritis. | we report a case of arthritis due to candida (torulopsis) glabrata in two different joints at different times in the same patient. the first episode of arthritis was situated in the right ankle and lasted more than 1 year before the patient agreed to the proposed treatment. therapy with intravenous amphotericin b and oral fluconazole failed. a cure was achieved with weekly intra-articular administration of amphotericin b, which was continued for more than 20 weeks and combined with oral itracona ... | 1999 | 10524556 |
| antifungal resistance in non- albicans candida species. | non- candida albicans species have emerged as important bloodstream pathogens. they tend to have decreased susceptibility to antifungal agents in vitro and cause infections associated with high morbidity and mortality. fluconazole resistance can emerge in any candida spp., but is most commonly seen with candida krusei, for which resistance is universal, and with candida glabrata. amphotericin b resistance has also been increasingly reported, most notably in isolates of candida lusitaniae and can ... | 1999 | 11504464 |
| candida glabrata fungemia in a tertiary cancer institution in slovakia. | because of controversial data on virulence and mortality, six cases of fungemia caused by candida glabrata were reviewed in a single cancer institution within 8 years. risk factors and outcome of c. glabrata, candida albicans, and other non-albicans candida spp. appearing within the same period under the same antibiotic policy at the same institution were compared. among other non-albicans candida spp. in 1990-1997 c. glabrata fungemias showed a decreasing tendency, from 9% to 4.5% in 1997. anal ... | 1999 | 11810509 |
| rapid identification of candida glabrata by using a dipstick to detect trehalase-generated glucose. | candida glabrata is a yeast frequently isolated from human specimens. based upon its well-known ability to rapidly hydrolyze trehalose, we have developed a novel and cost-effective test incubating one yeast colony emulsified in 50 microl of citrate buffer (0.1 m [ph 5. 0]) containing 4% (wt/vol) trehalose for 3 h at 37 degrees c. trehalase-generated glucose is detected with a commercially available dipstick (range, 1.0 to 50 g/liter). for evaluation, consecutive clinical isolates and several ref ... | 1999 | 9854091 |
| amphotericin b- and fluconazole-resistant candida spp., aspergillus fumigatus, and other newly emerging pathogenic fungi are susceptible to basic antifungal peptides. | the present study shows that a number of basic antifungal peptides, including human salivary histatin 5, a designed histatin analog designated dhvar4, and a peptide from frog skin, pgla, are active against amphotericin b-resistant candida albicans, candida krusei, and aspergillus fumigatus strains and against a fluconazole-resistant candida glabrata isolate. | 1999 | 10049295 |
| torulopsis glabrata an emerging yeast pathogen in cancer patients. | 1999 | 10075271 | |
| evaluation of dna-based typing procedures for strain categorization of candida spp. | dna-based procedures have replaced earlier epidemiologic methodologies that relied on nonreproducible and insensitive measurements of phenotypic characteristics to identify a specific strain as the source of infection. the reliability (interlaboratory percent agreement for strain delineation) and sensitivity (recognition of subtle strain-to-strain variation) of similar dna-based typing systems by different laboratories were evaluated. ten isolates (five epidemiologic-related and five unrelated s ... | 1999 | 10212749 |
| [the in vitro properties of a new hydroxypyridone antimycotic rilopirox, with special reference to its anti-candida activity]. | in vitro properties of a new hydroxypyridone antimycotic rilopirox (ril) with special reference to its anti-candida activities were studied in comparison with the three reference drugs, ciclopirox olamine (cpo), oxiconazole nitrate (ocz) and isoconazole nitrate (icz), using several strains of candida albicans and candida glabrata as the test organisms. ril was potently fungicidal for growing cultures of these candida strains, whereas all the three reference drugs were slightly fungicidal or fung ... | 1999 | 10221179 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of clinical yeast isolates to the new antifungal eberconazole compared with their susceptibilities to clotrimazole and ketoconazole. | the antifungal activity of eberconazole, a new imidazole derivative, against 124 clinical isolates of candida comprising eight different species and to 34 isolates of cryptococcus neoformans was compared to those of clotrimazole and ketoconazole. mics of eberconazole, determined by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards standardized microbroth method, were equal to or lower than those of other azoles, especially for candida krusei and candida glabrata, which are usually resista ... | 1999 | 10223946 |
| [epidemiology of yeast colonization and oropharyngeal infection other than candida albicans in patients with hiv infection]. | an increasing frequency of opportunistic fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients in recent years. concurrent with this finding, it has been noted an increasing use of fluconazole. in addition, non-candida albicans species (ncas), most of which are fluconazole-resistant have been increasing isolated. the aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of colonization and infection due to ncas in hiv-infected patients. | 1999 | 10191483 |
| susceptibility of candida species isolated from female prostitutes with vulvovaginitis to antifungal agents and boric acid. | the aim of this study was to determine the antifungal susceptibility of 108 candida albicans and 23 candida glabrata isolates obtained from female prostitutes with vulvovaginitis, a population for which available data is limited. amphotericin b, flucytosine, and fluconazole were tested by broth microdilution, and boric acid was tested by the agar dilution method. the susceptibility patterns found in this population were the same as those in the general population. candida glabrata required great ... | 1999 | 10192716 |
| a comparative evaluation of etest and broth microdilution methods for fluconazole and itraconazole susceptibility testing of candida spp. | the etest strip is a promising tool of broad application in clinical microbiology. the method provides mic readings and is easier to perform than broth microdilution. we carried out a study to compare the mics of fluconazole and itraconazole obtained by the etest with those obtained by broth microdilution, performed according to the guidelines of the nccls document m27-a, with 402 clinical isolates (360 candida albicans, 17 candida tropicalis, nine candida krusei, nine candida glabrata and seven ... | 1999 | 10350375 |
| electrophoretic karyotyping and triazole susceptibility of candida glabrata clinical isolates. | a series of 35 strains of candida glabrata isolated from 29 subjects (5 aids patients and 24 hiv-seronegative individuals) were typed by electrophoretic karyotyping and tested for their susceptibilities to both fluconazole and itraconazole. almost every individual harboured his/her own specific isolate (dna type). neither the source of isolation nor the patient's hiv status was associated with a given dna type. recurrences were generally due to the persistence of the same dna type over time. onl ... | 1999 | 10357051 |
| evaluation of six commercial tests and the germ-tube test for presumptive identification of candida albicans. | six commercial tests (albicans id, biomérieux, france; candiselect, sanofi diagnostics pasteur, france; chromagar candida, becton dickinson, usa; fluoroplate candida, merck, germany; fongiscreen 4h, sanofi diagnostics pasteur; and murex candida albicans, murex diagnostics, usa) and the germ-tube test for presumptive identification of candida albicans were evaluated using clinical isolates of candida albicans (n = 350) and of non-albicans yeasts (n = 135). sensitivities and specificities of all t ... | 1999 | 10357052 |
| increased adherence of fluconazole-resistant isolates of candida species to explanted esophageal mucosa. | the adherence of fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible isolates of candida albicans to explanted rabbit esophageal mucosa was examined in vivo. among six candida albicans isolates collected from hiv-infected patients, three fluconazole-resistant (mic > 64 microg/ml) isolates attached more avidly than three fluconazole-susceptible strains (mic < or = 0.5 microg/ml) to esophageal mucosa (p < or = 0.05). when three strains each of six different candida spp. were compared, the more inher ... | 1999 | 10357058 |
| evaluation of mycology laboratory proficiency testing. | changes over the last decade in overt proficiency testing (opt) regulations have been ostensibly directed at improving laboratory performance on patient samples. however, the overt (unblinded) format of the tests and regulatory penalties associated with incorrect values allow and encourage laboratorians to take extra precautions with opt analytes. as a result opt may measure optimal laboratory performance instead of the intended target of typical performance attained during routine patient testi ... | 1999 | 10364601 |
| differential inhibitory effects of protoberberines on sterol and chitin biosyntheses in candida albicans. | the anti-candida potentials of 12 korean medicinal plants were explored: methanol extracts from coptis rhizoma and phellodendron amurense caused significant inhibition of growth of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida parapsilosis. the predominant active components of the extracts were the protoberberines berberine and palmatine; the most potent inhibition of growth was exhibited by berberine on c. krusei (mic <4 mg/l) and palmatine on c. parapsilosis (mic 16 mg/l). bot ... | 1999 | 10382888 |
| 5-fluorocytosine antagonizes the action of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in candida glabrata. | the concentration-dependent antagonistic interaction between 5-fluorocytosine and a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (sbi) was studied using intact cells and cell-free extracts of candida glabrata. 5-fluorocytosine promoted incorporation of radioactivity into 4-desmethylsterols (p < 0.01), and enhanced the relative and absolute increases of ergosterol (p < 0.05) in c. glabrata incubated aerobically with an sbi (miconazole or amorolfine). further aerobic incubation of c. glabrata with combinations o ... | 1999 | 10404315 |
| an adhesin of the yeast pathogen candida glabrata mediating adherence to human epithelial cells. | candida glabrata is an important fungal pathogen of humans that is responsible for about 15 percent of mucosal and systemic candidiasis. candida glabrata adhered avidly to human epithelial cells in culture. by means of a genetic approach and a strategy allowing parallel screening of mutants, it was possible to clone a lectin from a candida species. deletion of this adhesin reduced adherence of c. glabrata to human epithelial cells by 95 percent. the adhesin, encoded by the epa1 gene, is likely a ... | 1999 | 10417386 |
| clones of lactobacillus casei and torulopsis glabrata associated with recurrent abdominal wall abscess. | infectious disease caused by lactobacillus sp has not been previously reported in taiwan. we present a case of recurrent abdominal wall abscess in a chronically ill 36-year-old woman, and review the literature on lactobacillus infection. five isolates of l. casei were recovered from blood and pus samples, and two isolates of torulopsis glabrata were isolated from two blood specimens 3 months apart. two clones of l. casei and t. glabrata were identified by means of antibiotyping with the e test a ... | 1999 | 10420704 |
| adherence of candida albicans to bladder mucosa: development and application of a tissue explant assay. | in order to study the interactions between candida species and uroepithelial tissue, a tissue explant assay was developed using bladder mucosa harvested from new zealand white rabbits. blastoconidia of candida albicans, candida tropicalis and candida glabrata attached to the uroepithelial tissue in similar quantities. however, there was significantly more adherence to the uroepithelium by pre-germinated c. albicans compared with c. albicans blastoconidia. furthermore, the amount of uroepithelial ... | 1999 | 10424092 |
| effects of pycnoporellus fulgens (fr.) donk crude extract on candida glabrata ultrastructure. | among antifungal products of natural origin, pycnoporellus fulgens (fr) donk, is active against pathogenic yeasts. our study was carried out to observe the ultrastructural modifications produced by p. fulgens crude extract on candida glabrata. yeasts were submitted to different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 micrograms ml-1) for 72 h under constant stirring at 35 degrees c. transmission electron microscopy revealed that the extract acted on the cell envelope (cell wall and plasmalemma). cell ... | 1999 | 10424096 |
| candida glabrata fungemia. clinical features of 139 patients. | candida species are now the fourth leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection in hospitalized patients, and non-candida albicans species now surpass candida albicans. the clinical features of the most common non-candida albicans species, candida (torulopsis) glabrata, have not been well studied. we retrospectively reviewed the clinical features of 139 patients with c. glabrata blood-stream infection over a period of 7 years. the mean age of patients was 62 years, and the most common admit ... | 1999 | 10424204 |
| in vitro activity of rilopirox against fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant candida isolates from patients with hiv infection. | the in vitro antifungal activity of the new hydroxypyridone antimycotic rilopirox has been evaluated against 38 fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant clinical isolates of candida albicans together with other candida species isolated from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and oropharyngeal candidosis. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of both rilopirox and fluconazole were measured by a microdilution method using high-resolution medium supplemented with asparagine ... | 1999 | 10394849 |
| evaluation of chromagar candida for rapid screening of clinical specimens for candida species. | chromagar candida is a new differential culture medium that allows selective isolation of yeasts and simultaneously identifies colonies of candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis and candida krusei. we evaluated this medium and compared it with a reference medium, sabouraud glucose agar, for the presumptive identification of yeast species isolated directly on the medium from 1150 clinical specimens. a total of 731 specimens showed no growth, 299 isolates (70.2%) showed growth to t ... | 1999 | 10394850 |
| cloning of a centromere binding factor 3d (cbf3d) gene from candida glabrata. | the gene encoding centromere binding factor 3d (cbf3d) of the human pathogenic yeast candida glabrata has been isolated by hybridization of saccharomyces cerevisiae cbf3d (sccbf3d) dna to a c. glabrata partial genomic library. sequence analysis revealed a 540 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 179 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 20.9 kda. the amino acid sequence is highly homologous (78.6% identity) to sccbf3d and 48.3% identical to the human homologue p19 (skp1). southe ... | 1999 | 10398347 |
| evolution of vaginal candida species recovered from human immunodeficiency virus-infected women receiving fluconazole prophylaxis: the emergence of candida glabrata? terry beirn community programs for clinical research in aids (cpcra). | the effect of fluconazole prophylaxis on the vaginal flora of 323 human immunodeficiency virus-infected women was evaluated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. women with cd4 cell counts of < or = 300/mm3 received either 200 mg of fluconazole per week or placebo. vaginal surveillance cultures were performed every 3 months. after a follow-up of 29 months, candida albicans was recovered from 53% of patients receiving fluconazole and 68% of patients assigned placeb ... | 1999 | 10452629 |
| candidemia in cancer patients: a prospective, multicenter surveillance study by the invasive fungal infection group (ifig) of the european organization for research and treatment of cancer (eortc). | in a surveillance study of candidemia in cancer patients that was conducted by the european organization for research and treatment of cancer, 249 episodes were noted; candida albicans was isolated in 70% (63) of the 90 cases involving patients with solid tumors (tumor patients) and in 36% (58) of the 159 involving those with hematologic disease (hematology patients). neutropenia in tumor patients and acute leukemia and antifungal prophylaxis in hematology patients were significantly associated ... | 1999 | 10452637 |
| effects of voriconazole on candida glabrata in vitro. | the effects of voriconazole on the growth, morphology and lipids of candida glabrata were studied. mic data showed that voriconazole was up to 32- to 64-fold more active than fluconazole in its ability to inhibit various c. glabrata strains. voriconazole inhibited the growth of c. glabrata in a dose-dependent fashion. electron microscope examination showed that voriconazole treatment affected the external and internal morphology of c. glabrata. treatment of c. glabrata with voriconazole inhibite ... | 1999 | 10459817 |
| [chemotherapy of endocarditis due to candida glabrata]. | 1999 | 10465954 | |
| involvement of calcium inhibitable binding to the cell wall in the fungicidal activity of can-296. | can-296 is a heat stable, complex carbohydrate (molecular mass 4300 da) isolated from the cell wall of the filamentous fungus mucor rouxii. it possesses potent in-vitro fungicidal activity against a wide spectrum of pathogenic yeasts, including azole-resistant isolates of candida albicans and candida glabrata. as a preliminary step in the study of the mode of action of this novel antifungal agent, we investigated the effect of various cations on the antifungal activity as well as the binding of ... | 1999 | 10473228 |
| in-vitro activity of dicationic aromatic compounds and fluconazole against cryptococcus neoformans and candida spp. | we investigated the in-vitro activity of three selected dicationic aromatic compounds for nine clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans and 93 clinical isolates of candida spp., representing 12 different species, using a broth macrodilution method following nccls recommendations. all the clinical isolates were also tested for fluconazole susceptibility. the in-vitro data demonstrate that compounds 39 and 57 have excellent in-vitro activity for all tested strains (mic 0.19-1.56 mg/l) except c ... | 1999 | 10473229 |
| national epidemiology of mycoses survey (nemis): variations in rates of bloodstream infections due to candida species in seven surgical intensive care units and six neonatal intensive care units. | candida species are the fourth most frequent cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections, and 25%-50% occur in critical care units. during an 18-month prospective study period, all patients admitted for > or = 72 hours to the surgical (sicus) or neonatal intensive care units (nicus) at each of the participant institutions were followed daily. among 4,276 patients admitted to the seven sicus in six centers, there were 42 nosocomial bloodstream infections due to candida species (9.8/1,000 admission ... | 1999 | 10476721 |
| candidemia in hiv-infected subjects. | the epidemiological features of 37 episodes of candidemia in hiv-infected subjects were analysed in a retrospective matched case-control study conducted over an 8-year period (1990-1997). univariate analysis identified eight risk factors that were significantly associated with candidemia (p<0.05): i) use of central venous catheters; ii) administration of total parenteral nutrition; iii) previous antifungal therapy; iv) previous therapy with glycopeptides; v) presence of oral/ esophageal candidia ... | 1999 | 10482024 |
| comparison of four methodologies for rapid and cost-effective identification of candida glabrata. | to improve turnaround time and decrease the cost of the identification of candida glabrata, we evaluated four methods for the detection of trehalose assimilation or fermentation. these methods were compared with the api 20c method (biomerieux, hazelwood, mo.) to determine accuracy. we recommend the use of remel rapid trehalose assimilation broth because of its rapid, 3-h results, reasonable sensitivity, and low number of false positives. | 1999 | 10488214 |
| comparison of four methods for dna typing of clinical isolates of candida glabrata. | a series of 35 isolates of candida glabrata from 29 subjects (five aids patients and 24 hiv-seronegative individuals) was typed by electrophoretic karyotyping (ek), restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis, random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and inter-repeat pcr (ir-pcr). the rank order of discriminatory ability among the four methods was as follows: ek (25 dna types) > rapd (19 dna types) > ir-pcr (14 dna types) > rflp (4 dna types). a composite dna type was defined ... | 1999 | 10510973 |
| in-vitro antifungal activity of liposomal nystatin in comparison with nystatin, amphotericin b cholesteryl sulphate, liposomal amphotericin b, amphotericin b lipid complex, amphotericin b desoxycholate, fluconazole and itraconazole. | the in-vitro susceptibilities of 120 clinical isolates of yeasts to liposomal nystatin were compared with those to amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc), liposomal amphotericin b (lab), amphotericin b cholesteryl sulphate (abcd), amphotericin b desoxycholate, nystatin, fluconazole and itraconazole. yeast isolates examined included strains of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida guilliermondii, candida tropicalis, candida kefyr, candida viswanathii, cand ... | 1999 | 10511410 |
| novel microtiter plate format for testing germ tube formation and proposal of a cost-effective scheme for yeast identification in a clinical laboratory. | the germ tube test is most widely used for presumptive identification of candida albicans. conventional testing is relatively time-consuming due to the hands-on time involved in preparing and viewing each isolate. in order to reduce work-load and costs we have developed a novel microtiter plate test format that offers several advantages: (i) use of removable strips of microtiter wells placed in lockwell frames, (ii) only one pipetting step for each isolate, (iii) direct micromorphological evalua ... | 1999 | 10626129 |
| colorimetric method for susceptibility testing of voriconazole and other triazoles against candida species. | a microdilution assay using alamar blue, a colorimetric indicator, was compared with the nccls macrodilution broth assay for voriconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole against candida albicans, candida glabrata, and candida krusei. concordance (+/- 2 dilutions) between the two methods was highest for voriconazole (98.3%), and for fluconazole and itraconazole it was 94.3 and 95.4%, respectively. twenty-six of 32 (81.2%) discordant readings (> or = 3 dilutions different) were noted in c. glabrata ... | 1999 | 10592697 |
| [fungemia by candida non albicans in patients with hiv infection]. | to analyse candidemia by candida non albicans in adult hiv-infected patients from 1989 to august 1998. | 1999 | 10439537 |
| a rapid method for detecting and distinguishing clinically important yeasts by heteroduplex mobility assays (hmas). | heteroduplex mobility assays (hmas) of 700 bp amplified products of a 17s rdna region were used to identify and differentiate seven yeast species of clinical importance candida albicans, torulopsis (candida) glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, candida (pichia) guilliermondii and hansenula (pichia) anomala. distance of heteroduplex migration (dhe) was found to be negatively correlated to the number of nucleotide differences between amplified dna sequences. | 1999 | 10441196 |
| the epidemiology of candidemia in two united states cities: results of a population-based active surveillance. | we conducted prospective, active population-based surveillance for candidemia (defined as any candida species isolated from blood) in atlanta and san francisco (total population, 5.34 million) during 1992-1993. the average annual incidence of candidemia at both sites was 8 per 100,000 population. the highest incidence (75 per 100,000) occurred among infants </=1 year old. in 19% of patients, candidemia developed prior to or on the day of admission. underlying medical conditions included cancer ( ... | 1999 | 10524958 |
| comparative in vitro activity of antiseptics and disinfectants versus clinical isolates of candida species. | to evaluate the in vitro activity of antiseptics and detergents against candida. | 1999 | 10530645 |
| genotypic relatedness of yeast isolates from women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and their children. | the objective of this study was to compare polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fingerprinting with other molecular typing methods as an epidemiologic tool to investigate the transmission of candida strains between hiv-positive mothers and their children. forty-nine yeast strains (including candida albicans, candida glabrata, rhodotorula rubra, candida tropicalis, candida famata, candida dubliniensis, saccharomyces cerevisiae) from 30 individuals (15 children and 15 hiv-infected mothers or accompanyi ... | 1999 | 10536430 |
| fungal surveillance cultures during antifungal prophylaxis with itraconazole in neutropenic patients with acute leukaemia. | fungal colonization has been associated with an increased rate of invasive fungal infections in neutropenic patients. this study evaluates weekly fungal surveillance cultures from the oropharyngeal and perianal space as well as other suspected sites in 219 courses of myelosuppressive chemotherapy with itraconazole antifungal prophylaxis in 116 neutropenic patients with acute leukaemia. itraconazole was given from the start of chemotherapy in one of six different dosing regimens. fungal colonizat ... | 1999 | 10536431 |
| the atp binding cassette transporter gene cgcdr1 from candida glabrata is involved in the resistance of clinical isolates to azole antifungal agents. | the resistance mechanisms to azole antifungal agents were investigated in this study with two pairs of candida glabrata clinical isolates recovered from two separate aids patients. the two pairs each contained a fluconazole-susceptible isolate and a fluconazole-resistant isolate, the latter with cross-resistance to itraconazole and ketoconazole. since the accumulation of fluconazole and of another unrelated substance, rhodamine 6g, was reduced in the azole-resistant isolates, enhanced drug efflu ... | 1999 | 10543759 |
| species and genotypic diversities and similarities of pathogenic yeasts colonizing women. | we examined the patterns of strain relatedness among pathogenic yeasts from within and among groups of women to determine whether there were significant associations between genotype and host condition or body site. a total of 80 yeast strains were isolated, identified, and genotyped from 49 female volunteers, who were placed in three groups: (i) 19 women with aids, (ii) 11 pregnant women without human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, and (iii) 19 women who were neither pregnant nor infec ... | 1999 | 10565893 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of bms-207147 and itraconazole against yeast strains that are non-susceptible to fluconazole. | the activities of itraconazole and the new triazole bms-207147 were determined against candida strains that were susceptible-dose dependent (fluconazole mics 16 to 32 micrograms/ml) or resistant (mics > or = 64 micrograms/ml) to fluconazole. these strains included clinical isolates of candida krusei, candida glabrata, and candida albicans. in addition, 16 isogenic, genetically characterized isolates of c. albicans, with progressively decreased susceptibility to fluconazole, were tested. bms-2071 ... | 1999 | 10579098 |
| proton-pumping-atpase-targeted antifungal activity of a novel conjugated styryl ketone. | nc1175 (3-[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-propenoyl]-4-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)vinyle ne]-1- ethyl-4-piperidinol hydrochloride) is a novel thiol-blocking conjugated styryl ketone that exhibits activity against a wide spectrum of pathogenic fungi. incubation of nc1175 with various concentrations of cysteine and glutathione eliminated its antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. since nc1175 is a lipophilic compound that has the potential to interact with cytoplasmic membrane components, we exam ... | 1999 | 10582888 |
| bivalve polymicrobial infective endocarditis. | polymicrobial infective endocarditis is uncommon, particularly vancomycin-resistant endocarditis and fugal endocarditis. the incidence of these infections is likely to. increase with advances in medical technology and widespread use of central venous catheters. we report a case of bivalve endocarditis in which four organisms were identified, including vancomycin-resistant enteroocausfaecium and torulopsis glabrata. | 1999 | 10586839 |
| fine needle aspiration cytology (fnac) detection of early renal allograft infection with candida glabrata--a case report. | 1999 | 10588355 | |
| antifungal activity of the new azole uk-109, 496 (voriconazole). | the in vitro activity of voriconazole fully includes aspergillus, and also emerging moulds like fusarium, pseudallescheria boydii, and penicillium marneffei. the minimal inhibitory concentrations of voriconazole for candida krusei and candida glabrata, which are resistant or less susceptible to fluconazole, promise clinical efficacy, although they are ten times higher (0.30-0.39 μg/ml) than those for candida albicans and other candida spp. (0.001-0.05 μg/ml). the endemic fungal pathogens histopl ... | 1999 | 29265604 |
| inositol phosphoryl transferases from human pathogenic fungi. | the ipc1 gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes inositolphosphorylceramide (ipc) synthase, was first identified as a novel and essential gene encoding resistance to the natural product antifungal aureobasidin a (aur1). the formation of ipc in fungi is essential for viability, suggesting inhibitors of ipc1p function would make ideal antifungal drug candidates. homologs of the aur1/ipc1 gene were identified from a number of human pathogenic fungi, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candi ... | 2000 | 10564728 |
| potential role of phospholipases in virulence and fungal pathogenesis. | microbial pathogens use a number of genetic strategies to invade the host and cause infection. these common themes are found throughout microbial systems. secretion of enzymes, such as phospholipase, has been proposed as one of these themes that are used by bacteria, parasites, and pathogenic fungi. the role of extracellular phospholipase as a potential virulence factor in pathogenic fungi, including candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and aspergillus, has gained credence recently. in thi ... | 2000 | 10627494 |
| prospective multicenter surveillance study of funguria in hospitalized patients. the national institute for allergy and infectious diseases (niaid) mycoses study group. | although fungal urinary tract infections are an increasing nosocomial problem, the significance of funguria is still not clear. this multicenter prospective surveillance study of 861 patients was undertaken to define the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of funguria. diabetes mellitus was present in 39% of patients, urinary tract abnormalities in 37.7%, and malignancy in 22.2%; only 10.9% had no underlying illnesses. concomitant nonfungal infections were present in 85%, 90% had received ant ... | 2000 | 10619726 |
| in vitro activity of a-192411.29, a novel antifungal lipopeptide. | a-192411.29 is a novel antifungal agent derived from the structural template of the natural product echinocandin. the in vitro activity of a-192411.29 against common pathogenic yeasts was assessed by national committee for clinical laboratory standards method m27-a. it demonstrated broad-spectrum, fungicidal activity and was active against the most clinically relevant yeasts, such as candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and candida glabrata, as well as less commonly encountered candida species; ... | 2000 | 10770758 |
| new developments in the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections. | invasive fungal infections in cancer patients are on the increase. candidemia is now the fourth leading cause of bloodstream infections in many intensive care units (icus). although a number of risk factors have been identified, antifungal therapy should not be started in non-neutropenic patients until a diagnosis of invasive candidiasis or candidemia is made or presumed in order to avoid the development of resistance. even a single positive blood culture should be treated, and requires removal ... | 2000 | 10629598 |
| [yeast species identification in vulvovaginal candidiasis: susceptibility to nystatin]. | the rates of candida species and susceptibility to nystatin were evaluated. | 2000 | 11082956 |
| management of infections caused by candida glabrata. | candida glabrata infections undoubtedly have become more frequent, and are now common. they appear to be the consequence of widespread and often indiscriminate use of azoles, especially fluconazole. this species constitutes the achilles heel of all available azoles, including newer ones in the pipeline. even when amphotericin b is used, higher dosages are now required. little is known about the epidemiology of and risk factors for this troublesome species; even less about its virulence factors. ... | 2000 | 11095887 |
| novel triazole antifungal agents. | the risk of opportunistic infections is greatly increased in patients who are immunocompromised due to aids, cancer chemotherapy and organ or bone marrow transplantation. candida albicans is often associated with serious systemic fungal infections, however other candida species such as candida krusei, candida tropicalis and candida glabrata, as well as cryptococcus neoformans and filamentous fungi such as aspergillus, have also emerged as clinically significant fungal pathogens. two triazole ant ... | 2000 | 11060698 |
| effect of serum concentration on candida biofilm formation on acrylic surfaces. | the biofilm formation of the oral fungal pathogen candida on denture acrylic strips coated with saliva, serum and, saliva-serum pellicle were examined in vitro using candida albicans (four isolates), candida glabrata (three isolates) and candida tropicalis (three isolates). the degree of biofilm activity varied depending upon both the isolate and the pellicle. significantly increased biofilm activity on the pellicle (particularly serum)-coated strips was observed with three isolates of c. albica ... | 2000 | 10907344 |
| funguria and candida-specific immunoglobulins in patients with systemic candidosis. | funguria, indirect anti-candida haemagglutination test (c-iht) and candida-specific immunoglobulins c-igm, c-igg and c-iga were investigated under suspicion of systemic candidosis in critically ill patients. a total of 143 urine cultures were studied for candida from 74 adults and a median count of log 3.0 cfu ml-1 was found. most isolated candida species were candida albicans and candida glabrata. in 14 cases of candidaemia there was no regular agreement between the finding of candida species i ... | 2000 | 10907345 |
| serum itraconazole concentrations and clinical responses in candida-associated denture stomatitis patients treated with itraconazole solution and itraconazole capsules. | the aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of itraconazole in serum and saliva after treatment with itraconazole cyclodextrin solution or itraconazole capsules in candida-associated denture stomatitis patients without evidence of immunodeficiency. forty patients were randomly assigned to receive either itraconazole cyclodextrin solution or itraconazole capsules, both at a dosage of 100 mg bd for 15 days. on completion of treatment palatal erythema was assessed and an oral rinse and ... | 2000 | 10629018 |
| in vitro assessment of antifungal therapeutic potential of salivary histatin-5, two variants of histatin-5, and salivary mucin (muc7) domain 1. | human salivary histatin-5 (hsn-5) is a 24-residue peptide that possesses potent antifungal activity in vitro. the muc7 gene encodes human salivary low-molecular-weight mucin (mg2). the candidacidal activity of muc7 domain 1 (muc7 d1, the n-terminal 51 amino acid residues of muc7) in vitro has also been demonstrated. in this study, we have investigated the antifungal therapeutic potential of hsn-5, its two variants, r12i/k17n and r12i/h21l, and muc7 d1. first, these peptides were tested for activ ... | 2000 | 10817697 |
| [pancreatic pseudocyst, torulopsis glabrata primary infection. report of a case]. | t. glabrata is a saprophyte fungus that has been considered in the past years to be a pathologic agent in the pancreatic pseudocyst. only three cases have been reported in the world literature. | 2000 | 11464606 |
| evaluation of voriconazole pharmacodynamics using time-kill methodology. | voriconazole is an investigational azole antifungal agent with activity against a variety of fungal species, including fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant candida species and cryptococcus neoformans. in this study, we employed in vitro time-kill methods to characterize the relationship between concentrations of voriconazole and its fungistatic activity against candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, and c. neoformans. isolates were exposed to voriconazole concentrations rangin ... | 2000 | 10858354 |
| identification of yeasts from clinical specimens by oxidase test. | a total of 100 yeasts and yeast like fungi isolates from clinical specimens were negative for oxidase production on sabouraud dextrose agar. when grown on columbia agar, chocolate agar, tryptose agar, mueller-hinton agar, brain heart infusion and a medium resembling sabouraud's dextrose agar but with starch instead of dextrose, all the isolate of candida albicans (55), c. guilliermondii (6), c. parapsilosis (14), c. tropicalis (6), c. pseudotropicalis (6) and crytococcus neoformans (2) were posi ... | 2000 | 11344606 |
| typing of candida glabrata in clinical isolates by comparative sequence analysis of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene distinguishes two clusters of strains associated with geographical sequence polymorphisms. | we tested whether comparative sequence analysis of the mitochondrion-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 gene (cox2) could be used to distinguish intraspecific variants of candida glabrata. mitochondrial genes are suitable for investigation of close phylogenetic relationships because they evolve much faster than nuclear genes, which in general exhibit very limited intraspecific variation. for this survey we used 11 clinical isolates of c. glabrata from three different geographical locations i ... | 2000 | 10618092 |
| adherence of platelets to candida species in vivo. | the in vivo interactions of platelets with candida species yeast cells were investigated in a murine model. mice were injected intravenously via the lateral caudal vein, and blood drawn by periorbital puncture was collected in phosphate-buffered saline-formaldehyde to avoid in vitro platelet activation. the study of the clearance of blastoconidia of candida albicans and candida glabrata showed that these cells disappeared quickly from the bloodstream. microscopic observation of blood samples, st ... | 2000 | 10639419 |
| impact of fluconazole prophylaxis on fungal colonization and infection rates in neutropenic patients. the canadian fluconazole study. | fungal colonization profiles from four different anatomical sites were evaluated in 266 neutropenic cancer patients receiving intensive cytotoxic therapy for acute leukaemia or for autologous marrow transplantation. at the beginning of chemotherapy patients were allocated randomly to receive oral fluconazole 400 mg daily or an identical placebo until prophylaxis failure or marrow recovery. candida albicans colonization was reduced from 30 to 10% in the fluconazole recipients while it increased f ... | 2000 | 11102422 |
| in-vivo selection of an azole-resistant petite mutant of candida glabrata. | two isolates of candida glabrata from the same stool sample from a bone marrow transplant recipient treated with fluconazole, and designated 1084-l for large colonies on yeast extract-peptone-dextrose-agar and 1084-s for small colonies, were analysed. in-vitro susceptibility tests with a commercially available disk diffusion procedure showed that isolate 1084-l had a susceptibility pattern typical of wild-type strains of c. glabrata with sensitivity to polyenes and the presence of resistant colo ... | 2000 | 11073151 |
| determinants of different candida species infections of the genital tract in women. sporachrom study geoup. | we have analyzed the differences in the epidemiological characteristics of women with different candida low female genital tract infection. | 2000 | 11074134 |
| karyotyping of candida albicans and candida glabrata from patients with candida sepsis. | the aim of this study was to determine the relatedness of candida strains from patients suffering from candida septicaemia by typing of candida isolates from blood cultures and different body sites by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge using a contour-clamped homogenous electric field, chef). we studied 17 isolates of candida albicans and 10 isolates of candida glabrata from six patients. four patients suffered from a c. albicans septicaemia, one patient from a c. glabrata septicaemia, and o ... | 2000 | 10948811 |
| depletion of the squalene synthase (erg9) gene does not impair growth of candida glabrata in mice. | squalene synthase (farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase, ec 2.5. 1.21) is the first committed enzyme of the sterol biosynthesis pathway. inhibitors of this enzyme have been intensively studied as potential antifungal agents. to assess the effect of deactivating squalene synthase on the growth of fungi in mice, we isolated the squalene synthase (erg9) gene from the pathogenic fungus candida glabrata and generated strains in which the cgerg9 gene was under the control of the tetracycline-regul ... | 2000 | 10952588 |
| liposomal amphotericin b (ambisome) in the treatment of neonatal candidiasis in very low birth weight infants. | ambisome (2.5-7 mg/kg/day as a continuous 1 h infusion) was evaluated prospectively from september 1994 to january 1998 in 24 very low birth weight infants (mean birth weight 847+/-244 g, mean gestational age 26 weeks) with systemic candidiasis. mean age at onset of candidemia was 17 days. one patient had two episodes of candidiasis. thirteen infants failed previous antifungal therapy with amphotericin b (with or without 5-flucytosine). candida spp. were isolated from the blood in all 25 episode ... | 2000 | 10961528 |
| candida glabrata oesophagitis in a patient without hiv infection. | 2000 | 10968332 | |
| strain specificity of yeasts isolated from different locations of women suffering from vaginal candidosis, and their partners. | sexual partners often harbour identical yeast strains in the vagina, in the orointestinal tract and in semen in cases of recurrent vulvovaginal candidoses. specimen were collected from vagina, oral cavity and faeces of the patients, and from semen, oral cavity and faeces of their male partners. mycological cultures were grown on sabouraud glucose-agar and, if positive, specified by candida-id-agar (biomérieux), by formation of chlamydospores on rice agar, and by biochemotyping with the system wa ... | 2000 | 11204355 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some 3-arylamino-5-[2-(substituted 1-imidazolyl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazole derivatives. | in this study, some 3-arylamino-5-[2-(substituted imidazol-1-yl or benzimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-1,2,4-triazole derivatives were synthesised by reacting 3-(substituted imidazol-1-yl)propionyl hydrazides, with s-methyl-n'-arylisothiouronium iodide salts. their structures were elucidated by ir, 1h-nmr and mass spectroscopic data and elemental analyses results. antimicrobial activities of the compounds were observed against staphylococcus aureus nrrl b-767, micrococcus luteus nrrl b-4375, escherichia co ... | 2000 | 11137231 |
| differential host susceptibility to pulmonary infections with bacteria and fungi in mice deficient in myeloperoxidase. | myeloperoxidase (mpo), which is located within neutrophils capable of producing hypochlorous acid, is active in vitro against bacteria and fungi. however, mpo-deficient persons are usually healthy. to define the in vivo contribution of mpo to early host defense against pulmonary infections, mpo-deficient and control mice were intranasally infected with various fungi and bacteria, and the number of residual microorganisms in lungs was compared 48 h later. mpo-deficient mice showed severely reduce ... | 2000 | 10979934 |
| susceptibility of fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of candida spp. to echinocandin ly303366, itraconazole and amphotericin b. | the in vitro activity of ly303366 was compared with those of itraconazole and amphotericin b against 156 fluconazole-resistant (mic > or = 16 mg/l) clinical isolates of candida spp. an adaptation of the nccls reference method was employed for determination of mics. ly303366 was more potent than either itraconazole or amphotericin b against candida albicans, candida glabrata, candida krusei and candida tropicalis, even against isolates with itraconazole mics > or = 1 mg/l. ly303366 was less poten ... | 2000 | 10980178 |
| in vitro antifungal activity of fk463, a new water-soluble echinocandin-like lipopeptide. | the antifungal activity of fk463 against 72 recent clinical isolates of candida albicans (24), candida glabrata (17), candida tropicalis (11), candida krusei (8) and candida parapsilosis (12) was compared with those of amphotericin b, fluconazole and itraconazole by means of a broth microdilution method specified by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards (nccls) document m27-a. the lowest drug concentration at which 90% of the population was inhibited (mic(90)) of fk463 against ... | 2000 | 10980180 |
| cross-resistance of clinical isolates of candida albicans and candida glabrata to over-the-counter azoles used in the treatment of vaginitis. | antifungal drug resistance in candida spp. continues to increase in response to the widespread application of triazole therapeutics among immunosuppressed patients. azole-based over-the-counter (otc) antifungal agents used to treat vaginitis have the potential to exacerbate this problem by contributing to the selection of highly resistant strains of candida in otherwise healthy women. in this study, we show that fluconazole-resistant (mic > 64 microg/ml) blood stream isolates of candida albicans ... | 2000 | 10990271 |
| flow cytometry antifungal susceptibility testing of pathogenic yeasts other than candida albicans and comparison with the nccls broth microdilution test. | candida species other than candida albicans frequently cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. some of these pathogens have either variable susceptibility patterns or intrinsic resistance against common azoles. the availability of a rapid and reproducible susceptibility-testing method is likely to help in the selection of an appropriate regimen for therapy. a flow cytometry (fc) method was used in the present study for susceptibility testing of candida glabrata, candida guilli ... | 2000 | 10991856 |
| candiduria in hospitalized patients: a review. | the presence of candida species in the urine is frequent among hospitalized patients. it represents a major challenge to the physician because it is unclear whether candiduria represents colonization or infection, whether the bladder or the kidney is involved in infection, or whether it represents a surrogate marker for systemic infection. this picture is more complicated because there are few prospective studies addressing the issue of when and how to treat a patient with candiduria. strategies ... | 2000 | 11008220 |
| nosocomial candidemia in non-neutropenic patients at an italian tertiary care hospital. | in a retrospective study conducted in an italian tertiary care hospital, the incidence of nosocomial candidemia was evaluated together with causative pathogens, treatment, and risk factors for death. over a 6-year period (1992-1997), a total of 189 episodes of candidemia occurred in 189 patients (mean age 58+/-19 years), accounting for an average incidence of 1.14 episodes per 10,000 patient-days per year. the most common reasons for hospitalization were solid neoplasia (21%), trauma (17%), abdo ... | 2000 | 11014622 |
| development of a pcr-based line probe assay for identification of fungal pathogens. | we report on a reverse-hybridization line probe assay (lipa) which when combined with pcr amplification detects and identifies clinically significant fungal pathogens including candida, aspergillus, and cryptococcus species. dna probes have been designed from the internal transcribed-spacer (its) regions of candida albicans, candida parapsilosis, candida glabrata, candida tropicalis, candida krusei, candida dubliniensis, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus versicolor, asp ... | 2000 | 11015393 |
| species-specific prevalence of vaginal candidiasis among patients with diabetes mellitus and its relation to their glycaemic status. | non- c. albicans candida species are increasingly being recognized as the cause of vulvo-vaginal candidiasis. these species are often less susceptible to antifungal agents. patients with diabetes mellitus are at risk for vulvo-vaginal candidasis. we assessed the species-specific prevalence rate and risk of candidiasis in patients with diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. | 2000 | 11023762 |
| medical treatment of a pacemaker endocarditis due to candida albicans and to candida glabrata. | we describe a case of pacemaker infection due to two fungal species: candida albicans and c. glabrata. transthoracic echocardiography showed a large vegetation on the intraventricular wires. because of severe underlying diseases, surgery was believed to be contraindicated. the patient was treated using high dose of fluconazole, resulting in clinical improvement and negative blood cultures. however, 2 months later, the patient underwent a fatal stroke. at autopsy, a large vegetation was found onl ... | 2000 | 11023765 |
| ventriculoperitoneal shunt infection by candida glabrata in an adult. | we describe the first case of infection of a neurosurgical shunt by candida glabrata in an adult. the risk factors, clinical picture and response to therapy have been similar to similar cases caused by other candida sp. we must emphasize the unequivocal features of infection and the rapid and probably complete response to removal of the device. | 2000 | 11023766 |
| epidemiology of yeast colonization in the intensive care unit. | in order to investigate the epidemiology of colonization and possible transmission of yeasts among patients and healthcare workers in adult intensive care units (icus), 194 patients were followed for a mean of 9 +/- 11 days and 63 healthcare workers were followed for a mean of 132 +/- 52 days. among the patients, 142 (73%) were colonized by yeast, with candida albicans being the species most commonly recovered. most patients (65%) were already colonized with yeast upon admission to the intensive ... | 2000 | 11057499 |
| panfungal pcr and multiplex liquid hybridization for detection of fungi in tissue specimens. | a procedure based on panfungal pcr and multiplex liquid hybridization was developed for the detection of fungi in tissue specimens. the pcr amplified the fungal internal transcribed spacer (its) region (its1-5.8s rrna-its2). after capture with specific probes, eight common fungal pathogens (aspergillus flavus, aspergillus fumigatus, candida albicans, candida krusei, candida glabrata, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, and cryptococcus neoformans) were identified according to the size of t ... | 2000 | 11060088 |
| [identification of yeast and sensitivity in vitro against different antifungal agents]. | the increasing incidence of candida yeasts infections and its hospital and community repercussion (vaginal thrush), as well as the will to acquire the knowledge of the new antifungal that were launched to the therapeutic store, have motivated us to identify that type of yeasts from different sources, as well as to study their behaviour against the antifungal, using commercial procedures with easy clinical application. | 2000 | 10905013 |
| differentiation of candida strains by lectin-mediated agglutination kinetics. | the lectin-mediated agglutination kinetics of candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata, candida krusei, candida kefyr, and candida parapsilosis strains isolated from immunocompromised patients was investigated. the rate of the lectin-induced cell agglutination depends on the physiological state of the yeast cell population. therefore, the candida strains have to be cultivated and investigated under identical conditions. lentil lectin (prepared from lens culinaris), castor lectin, a ... | 2000 | 10907339 |
| candida glabrata displays pseudohyphal growth. | the ability to undergo morphological change has been reported as an advantageous trait in fungal pathogenesis. here we demonstrate that candida glabrata atcc2001, like diploid saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, forms elongated chains of pseudohyphal cells on solid nitrogen starvation media (slad). constrictions were apparent between adjoining cells; no parallel-sided hyphae were seen and pseudohyphae invaded the agar. when slad was supplemented with ammonium sulfate both c. glabrata and diploid s ... | 2000 | 10913876 |
| antifungal effects of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds on dermatophytes, mould fungi and yeasts. | a series of hydrolysable tannins and related compounds was evaluated for antifungal activities against filamentous fungi (epidermophyton floccosum; microsporum canis; microsporum gypseum; trichophyton mentagrophytes; trichophyton rubrum; trichophyton tonsurans; trichophyton terrestre; penicillium italicum; aspergillus fumigatus; mucor racemosus; rhizopus nigricans) and opportunistic yeasts (candida albicans; candida glabrata; candidata krusei; cryptococcus neoformans), using the agar dilution me ... | 2000 | 10928561 |
| effects of fluconazole administration in critically ill patients: analysis of bacterial and fungal resistance. | the administration of fluconazole in intensive care unit (icu) patients leads to the emergence of bacterial and fungal resistance. | 2000 | 10668874 |