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acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). light microscopic, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical studies of one case.the lung and axillary lymph node biopsies of a 33-year-old male drug-abuser with clinical and immunologic evidences of aids were studied by light and electron microscopy. encysted pneumocystis carinii organisms with attached membranous expansions and virus-like particles were demonstrated in the alveolar spaces and, occasionally, in macrophages. the lymph node biopsy revealed areas of angioimmunoblastic proliferation associated with lymphocytic depletion of the interfollicular zones. tubuloretic ...19846332199
effect of t-cell transfer on pneumocystis carinii infection in nude mice.the effect of transfer of spleen lymphocytes from euthymic heterozygote littermates (nu/+) or rabbit antiserum on pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) infection in nude (nu/nu) mice was investigated. after intravenous administration of nu/+ spleen t-cells, the number of cysts in the lung of previously infected mice was markedly decreased at day 14 and further at day 30. intense cellular reactions were seen at day 14 and subsided lesions at day 30. increased igg antibody titers were observed at days ...19846332219
experimental pneumocystis carinii infection in nude rats.the role of cell-mediated and humoral immunities to pneumocystis carinii infection was studied on athymic nude rats and their heterozygous euthymic littermates inoculated intranasally with 10(6) cysts. some of both groups were injected subcutaneously with cortisone (25 mg) twice a week. at 30 and 60 days postinoculation a large number of cysts were detected in the lung of cortisone treated euthymic rats as well as athymic rats with or without cortisone treatment. igg antibody appeared in all gro ...19846332220
the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: an international health problem of increasing importance.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a new disease which first appeared in human populations about 1979. the disease is defined by the development of unusual types of cancer (e.g. kaposi's sarcoma), or severe cellular immunodeficiency manifested by opportunistic infections (e.g. pneumocystis carinii infection), or both. although the etiology of aids is unknown, the epidemiologic evidence is consistent with an infectious agent transmitted by blood (e.g. transfusion, needle sharing) o ...19846332236
[the first case of aids in the tyrol].this case report deals with a description of the first case of aids in tirol. our patient was an intravenous drug abuser and presented with both opportunistic infections (candidiasis, interstitial pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii) and with kaposi's sarcoma. he died within 4 weeks as a result of staphylococcal septicaemia refractory to intensive chemotherapy.19846332427
disseminated histoplasmosis associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.disseminated histoplasmosis developed in a previously healthy man as the initial manifestation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. following apparently successful therapy with intravenous amphotericin b, he presented two months later with a subacute pneumonitis syndrome diagnosed by bronchoscopy as pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he showed response to intravenous trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole with resolution of his symptoms and clearing of chest radiographic findings. while he was receiv ...19846332532
lymphocyte changes during chronic administration of and withdrawal from corticosteroids: relation to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.corticosteroids were administered for up to 8 wk in adult lewis rats to provoke pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and lymphocyte subsets were analyzed at different body sites with monoclonal antibodies by flow microfluorometry in a fluorescence activated cell sorter. the rats became chronically ill, debilitated, and exhibited marked involution of all lymphoid tissues. the lymphocytopenia was characterized in peripheral blood by a large fall in the frequency of t helper cells, and in the lungs by a ...19846332853
clinical features of pneumocystis pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the courses of 19 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were reviewed. compared with previous reviews of pneumocystis pneumonia in patients without aids, pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with aids often has a more prolonged clinical prodrome, with pulmonary symptoms occurring for an average of 3 wk prior to presentation, and often has a slower response to therapy, with radiographic and blood gas improvement occurring an average ...19846333195
hla-a,b,c and dr antigen frequencies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients with opportunistic infections.during the past three years, an epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndromes (aids) involving the presence of specific forms of cancer (notably kaposi's sarcoma) and infection (e.g., pneumocystis carinii) ordinarily seen only in severely immunosuppressed hosts has occurred among active homosexuals, haitian immigrants, drug users, and hemophiliacs in large cities in the united states and elsewhere. an as yet unidentified viral agent is presumably the cause of the initial immunodeficiency and h ...19846333416
pneumocystis carinii in germ-free rats. 19846333469
thoracic manifestations of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome is characterized by the development of multiple recurrent opportunistic infections or unusual neoplasms in individuals with no prior history of immune suppression. this report summarizes the thoracic diseases encountered in such patients before after death and the role of diagnostic techniques currently used in the evaluation of thoracic disease in 15 patients with this syndrome. efficacy of treatment was determined by correlation with postmortem findings ...19846333556
predisposing factors in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: effects of tetracycline, protein malnutrition, and corticosteroids on hosts.components of the immunosuppressive regimen used to reactivate latent pneumocystis carinii infection were analyzed for their effects on the growth, nutrition, and lymphoid system of hosts. rats that were administered either tetracycline or a low-protein (8%) diet alone for 7 weeks developed few abnormalities, but animals on the combined regimen developed lower body and lymphoid organ weights, lower serum albumin levels, and fewer circulating lymphocytes. rats that were administered corticosteroi ...19846334032
sporogony in pneumocystis carinii: synaptonemal complexes and meiotic nuclear divisions observed in precysts.evidence for meiosis was demonstrated electron microscopically for the first time in pneumocystis carinii in rat alveoli by the observation of synaptonemal complexes followed by nuclear divisions. synaptonemal complexes indicating meiotic nuclear divisions were observed in uninuclear precysts. additionally, owing to the use of tannic acid as a fixative, spindle microtubules were also observed for the first time in the precyst. based on these facts, a new life cycle of the organism is proposed. t ...19846334157
[pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii in aids patients]. 19846334349
persistence of pneumocystis carinii in lung tissue of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients treated for pneumocystis pneumonia.eleven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were studied by repeat bronchoscopy during pcp treatment to assess histologic evidence of resolution of the pneumonia. nine of 10 patients studied after 8 to 21 days of therapy demonstrated evidence of persistent pcp. four of 6 patients studied after 22 to 35 days of therapy continued to demonstrate pneumocystis carinii cysts on repeat examination, while only 1 of 4 patients studied after 35 d ...19846334462
correlation between gallium lung scans and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.we retrospectively examined the sensitivity and specificity of gallium lung scans for detecting pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 22 patients with known or suspected acquired immune deficiency syndrome. correlations were made between bronchoscopic results and gallium scan findings interpreted using a simple system (normal or abnormal) and a graded score (1 to 4). all 12 patients with pneumocystis had abnormal scans by both interpretations (sensitivity, 100%). five of these 12 patients had normal ...19846334463
assay of plaque forming cells during infection with pneumocystis carinii. 19846334649
pneumocystis carinii antigenemia in adults with malignancy, infection, or pulmonary disease.a counterimmunoelectrophoresis test for pneumocystis carinii antigenemia was employed to assess the extent of subclinical infection or colonization with this agent in adults with infection, pulmonary disease, or malignancy and in healthy homosexual men. antigenemia was detected in 6 of 208 (3%) of normal controls, 3 of 28 (11%) of patients with pulmonary infection, 3 of 33 (9%) of those with chronic lung disease, 1 of 36 (3%) of patients with lung cancer, 7 of 271 (3%) of afebrile subjects with ...19846334694
mortality associated with mode of presentation in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.a population-based survival study was done for all cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome diagnosed in the city of san francisco through may 1983. follow-up was obtained for 165 of 173 diagnosed cases. median survival among 75 patients presenting with kaposi's sarcoma (ks) alone was 21 months. median survival among 90 patients presenting with opportunistic infections, primarily pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, was 9 months; survival at 21 months was zero. survival among patients present ...19846334770
efficacy of diaminodiphenylsulfone and other drugs in murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis.the purpose of this study was to identify new drugs for the prevention and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis (pcp) induced in rats by continuous daily dosage with dexamethasone. initially, test drugs were administered prophylactically as a screen for efficacy. drugs were selected because of their known activity against certain protozoa and their tolerance in human usage. doses were based on previous studies in rats or estimated from usage in humans and lower animals. allopurinol (50 ...19846335017
[two cases of adult t cell leukemia complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19846335187
"pneumocystis carinii"--a misunderstood enigma. 19846335431
study of pneumocystis carinii infection in paediatric autopsies (report of 3 cases). 19846335530
lymphadenopathy: endpoint or prodrome? update of a 24-month prospective study.this article presents preliminary 24-month findings from a prospective study initiated in san francisco in 1981 with the following objectives: to refine the clinical definition of the lymphadenopathy syndrome; to compare these patients to patients with category a acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) with regard to epidemiologic, virologic, and immunologic variables; to follow a cohort of these patients to establish the natural history of the syndrome; and to evaluate screening variables fo ...19846335951
infections due to pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 19846335955
recognition of pneumocystis carinii by gram stain in impression smears of lung tissue.in 12 of 20 (60%) biopsy-proven cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, the diagnosis was first suggested by examination of routine gram stains of impression smears made from infected lung tissue and later confirmed by methenamine-silver staining. the cysts appeared as 5- to 7-microns unstained spheres, each containing six to eight intracystic gram-negative bodies (sporozoites). although the gram stain does not appear to be as sensitive as more traditional staining techniques for the detection ...19846084017
necropsy findings in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a comparison of premortem diagnoses with postmortem findings.necropsies were performed in 12 patients who fulfilled the centers for disease control (cdc) criteria for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), and the postmortem findings were compared with the premortem diagnoses. all of the patients were men with a male sexual preference and histories of multiple episodes of venereal diseases. four patients were intravenous drug abusers, while two abused amyl nitrate. all 12 of the patients had evidence of cellular immune deficiency at presentation. the ...19846086491
diagnosis of pulmonary disease in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). role of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage.the effectiveness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with the addition of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was evaluated in 72 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and parenchymal pulmonary disease. the diagnostic yield varied for different pathogens and was 94% (45/48 cases) for pneumocystis carinii, 67% (14/21 cases) for cytomegalovirus, and 62% (8/13 cases) for mycobacterium avium intracellulare. of the 11 cases of documented kaposi's sarcoma in the lung parenchyma, none were diag ...19846091509
cellular and t-lymphocyte subpopulation profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumonitis.the cellular composition and t-lymphocyte subpopulations of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid from 12 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and active pneumonitis were examined. differential cell counts were performed on bal specimens from each patient and from 25 normal subjects. the bal and peripheral blood (pb) lymphocytes were isolated from 8 patients and 11 subjects. leu 4 (mature t), leu 2 (t suppressor), and leu 3 (t helper) markers were identified by fluorescein-labele ...19846093655
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.a retrovirus designated htlv-iii has been recovered from patients with aids and patients with pre-aids syndrome. this virus, which appears to be the cause of aids, attacks and suppresses t-helper lymphocytes, rendering the host susceptible to a variety of serious protozoal, fungal, mycobacterial, bacterial and viral infections, as well as neoplasms. pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus are frequent causes of pulmonary infiltrates in aids.19846095629
use of the transbronchial biopsy for diagnosis of opportunistic pulmonary infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).the authors used a method that includes giemsa-stained touch preparations of a lung biopsy and culture of the same biopsy for viruses and microorganisms. the yield of etiologic agent diagnoses by this cytologic method was compared with yield from a simultaneous biopsy processed by usual histologic methods and stained by hematoxylin and eosin, silver methenamine, and other stains as necessary. fifty-nine transbronchial biopsies and eight open lung biopsies were processed on 38 male patients with ...19846318546
pathologic features of the lung in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids): an autopsy study of seventeen homosexual males.the lungs of 17 homosexual males who died of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome were studied to determine the type and extent of pulmonary disease present at autopsy. all patients had two or more pathologic processes, including one or more infections in their lungs. cytomegalovirus pneumonia was the most common pulmonary infection identified at autopsy (15 patients) but was documented morphologically rarely during life (two patients). most patients with pneumocystis pneumonia had recurrent ...19846318549
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) associated with transfusions.of 2157 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) whose cases were reported to the centers for disease control by august 22, 1983, 64 (3 per cent) with aids and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia had no recognized risk factors for aids. eighteen of these (28 per cent) had received blood components within five years before the onset of illness. these patients with transfusion-associated aids were more likely to be white (p = 0.00008) and older (p = 0.0013) than other patients with n ...19846606780
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in infants.fourteen infants with clinical and laboratory features of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were identified in a single metropolitan area from november 1980 to july 1983. patients were predominantly of haitian parentage, although two cases occurred in offspring of non-haitian intravenous drug abusers. only one patient had received a blood transfusion before the development of clinical findings. the predominant clinical findings included failure to thrive, persistent infection of the oral muc ...19846606781
pneumocystis carinii: electron microscopic investigation on the interaction of trophozoite and alveolar lining cell.the habitat, behaviour of pneumocystis carinii, and the interaction between the organisms and host alveolar cells were studied electron microscopically in corticosteroid-treated rats. the trophozoites of p. carinii used to line up along the type i alveolar epithelial cells at the early stage of infection. no organism was found being adhere to type ii cells which have numerous microvilli on their surface. by adding tannic acid to the fixative we could preserve the alveolar lining layer, in which ...19846610263
pulmonary complications of aids: radiologic features.fifty-two patients with pulmonary complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) were studied over a 3-year period. the vast majority of the patients were homosexual; however, a significant number were intravenous drug abusers. thirteen different organisms were noted, of which pneumocystis carinii was by far the most common. five patients had neoplasia. most patients had initial abnormal chest films; however, eight patients subsequently shown to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ha ...19846610304
the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome using subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage.to assess the sensitivity of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), we prospectively performed 27 bronchoalveolar lavages (bal) in 16 patients either because there was an initially high index of suspicion of pcp or in order to assess therapeutic response to anti-pneumocystis medication in those patients who had had pcp documented. pneumocystis organisms were demonstrated on bal specimens in 16 of 1 ...19846610373
resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. implication of folinic acid.pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a well-known complication of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. treatment is generally with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz). a case of pneumocystis pneumonia failed to respond to tmp-smz until concomitant administration of folinic acid was stopped. physicians should be alerted to the possibility that folinic acid may impair the efficacy of tmp-smz in pneumocystis carinii infection.19846610537
unexplained immunodeficiency in children. a surveillance report.from oct 1, 1982, to oct 1, 1983, the centers for disease control (cdc) received reports of 35 children whose illness met the cdc definition of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). all of the children had serious opportunistic infections without a known underlying illness to explain susceptibility to the infections. the 35 children were residents of ten different states; cases clustered in five major metropolitan areas. three of the children had a parent with aids, and one child who had b ...19846610774
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. 19846610805
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously healthy patient]. 19846610807
prognosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 19846611099
giant cell pneumonia due to respiratory syncytial virus. occurrence in severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome.a 6-month-old male infant with a severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome was hospitalized for progressive respiratory distress. examination during hospitalization disclosed widespread pulmonary infiltrates that did not respond to intensive therapy. the patient died eight days after admission. autopsy disclosed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and widespread giant cell pneumonia. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was grown from a lung specimen obtained at autopsy. specific immunofluorescent stain ...19846611144
occurrence of pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë, 1912 in dogs and cats in denmark.lungs from 106 normal dogs and 75 normal cats were examined for pneumocystis carinii by microscopy of toluidine blue o stained imprints. pneumocysts were demonstrated in 1 dog and 3 cats. it is suggested that these animals may constitute a part of the natural reservoir for this parasite.19846611545
progressive immune failure in dyskeratosis congenita. report of an adult in whom pneumocystis carinii and fatal disseminated candidiasis developed.community-acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed in a young adult patient with dyskeratosis congenita. his hospitalization ended fatally with disseminated candidiasis. evaluation during the admission showed evidence of cellular immune dysfunction as indicated by skin test anergy and absent lymphocyte proliferation in an in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture. treatment with transfer factor failed to reverse the cutaneous anergy or affect the clinical course. dyskeratosis congenita is a rar ...19846607716
the origin of pneumocystis carinii. 19846607963
leads from the mmwr. severe neutropenia during pentamidine treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. 19846608008
maternal transmission of acquired immune deficiency syndrome.acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has been reported in previously healthy homosexual or bisexual males, intravenous drug users, heterosexual men with hemophilia, and haitians. the finding of heterosexual hemophiliacs with aids has raised the possibility of a transmittable blood-borne agent as a cause of this disease. we have found three female half-siblings who had clinical and laboratory evidence for aids. all three had evidence of abnormal in vitro cellular immunity; two had chronic a ...19846608091
parasitic diseases in immunocompromised hosts.in patients with compromised host defenses, diseases caused by protozoans and nematodes appeared, a few years ago, to be declining in importance. however, the outbreak of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) among homosexual men, parenteral drug abusers, and other groups has made it necessary for physicians to familiarize themselves again with the manifestations of these diseases in abnormal hosts. the groups of patients at greatest risk, the usual clinical syndromes in abnormal hosts, ...19846608268
endogenous cushing's syndrome complicated by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.we report a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient with ectopic production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth). the patient presented with cushing's syndrome caused by a malignant thymic carcinoid. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pneumonia in patients with endogenous cushing's syndrome.19846608298
correlation between serial pulmonary function tests and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.the records of 9 adult male patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and biopsy-proved pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were reviewed to determine the correlation between serial pulmonary function tests and the presence or absence of pneumocystis organisms in subsequent bronchoscopy specimens. at diagnosis, total lung capacity (tlc) or vital capacity (vc) was abnormally low in 4 patients (44%) and diffusing capacity (dlco) was abnormally low in 8 patients (89%). the ratio of fo ...19846608299
incidence of pneumocystis carinii antigenemia in ambulatory cancer patients.although the existence of subclinical pneumocystis carinii infection in pediatric patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies has been documented, similar data are lacking in adults. in addition, data are needed to define the epidemiology of this agent in adult malignancies to assess the validity of the methodology employed in antigen detection, and to elucidate the value of these methods in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and prognosis of p carinii infection in adults with cancer. the st ...19846608400
growth and serial passage of pneumocystis carinii in the a549 cell line.pneumocystis carinii obtained from infected rats and patients was cultured in the a549 cell line, a presumptive alveolar type 2 cell line derived from a human lung carcinoma. standard criteria were established for organism sampling, quantitation, and growth. the trophozoite form of p. carinii was a more sensitive indicator of growth than was the cyst. rat p. carinii increased 10-fold in primary culture and could be serially passed three additional times to new cultures; success in growing human ...19846609125
cultivation of pneumocystis carinii in lung-derived cell lines. 19846610000
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in children. apropos of 33 cases].from 1964 to 1983, thirty-three children have developed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (18 boys and 15 girls). the affection appears before 1 year of age in 73% of the cases (mean +/- sd: 6,12 +/- 4,6 months). the predisposing factors for the disease include hypotrophy (7), immune deficiency (26: 79%) (12 congenital and 14 acquired). the thymodependant lymphocytic system is concerned in 15 cases (46%) with only 5 neoplasic origins. the onset of the disease is in the first year of immuno-suppresi ...19846335998
clinical relevance of animal models of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19846336147
pneumocystis carinii infection in germ-free rats: implications for human patients.pneumocystis carinii infections have been detected both serologically and histologically in untreated, germ-free and conventional rats killed immediately upon arrival from two commercial sources. pneumocystis antigenemia was detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie) and antibody was titered by indirect immunofluorescence. the data suggest that 1) p. carinii is enzootic in certain rat colonies; 2) in utero transmission is a distinct possibility; and 3) paucity of cysts does not rule out p. c ...19846336148
lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids).the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) manifested by opportunistic infections or kaposi's sarcoma is a newly recognized and often fatal disease. three patients seen in syracuse, new york, were noted to have lymphopenia and persistent serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies (lctas). in a double blinded study, 25 serum samples were coded and sent to us by the centers for disease control task force on kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections. samples from 5 patients with pneumocystis carinii ...19846607146
pulmonary manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids).fifteen patients with aids were hospitalized on the pulmonary service during the period from 1981 to 1983. we were impressed with the frequency and severity of lung involvement in these patients and evaluated them with respect to their pulmonary manifestations of aids. the 13 men and two women had a mean age of 32 years. ten were active intravenous drug abusers with a mean drug use of 8.1 years. all presented with profound weight loss, ten with nonproductive cough, and eight with significant dys ...19846607153
the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids): current status and implications for respiratory care practitioners.the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) has affected more than 2,600 persons since 1981, with the number of reported cases rising exponentially. the disease is characterized by a deficiency in the cell-mediated immune system, which allows entrance to a host of opportunistic infections as well as tumors. the most common infection associated with aids is pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, a previously uncommon infection of immunocompromised hosts. the most common neoplasm associated with aids ...198410315509
small intestinal lymphoma in three patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.three cases of small bowel lymphoma in young homosexual men are presented. all three had acquired immune deficiency syndrome as demonstrated by demography, sexual history, cachexia, opportunistic infections by cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis carinii, atypical mycobacterium, candida, and/or evidence of immune deficiency, such as skin test anergy, lymphopenia, inversion of t-helper/t-suppressor ratio, and diminished lymphocyte response to either phytohemmaglutinin or pokeweed mitogen. all had periph ...19853966449
kaposi's sarcoma in heterosexual intravenous drug users.kaposi's sarcoma is a feature of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in male homosexuals and haitians. in this report the authors describe six heterosexual intravenous drug users who developed kaposi's sarcoma. they had other characteristics of aids including opportunistic infections (oral candidiasis, six patients; pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, two patients; genital herpes simplex, two patients; disseminated cytomegalovirus, one patient; mycobacterium avium, one patient) and inversi ...19853967196
pathologic pulmonary findings in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a study of ten cases.lung tissue and tissue from the lymphoreticular system obtained at open biopsy and/or autopsy were studied in ten children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). one or both parents of nine of the children had aids or risk factors for aids. the remaining child had hemophilia. the following pulmonary lesions were seen: 1) diffuse alveolar damage (dad), 2) pneumocystis carinii and/or cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, 3) lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (lip), and 4) desquamative interstit ...19853972404
generalised tuberculosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.we describe a heroin addict who presented with cellular immunodeficiency, generalised tuberculosis, and pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii, and discuss the risk of these associations.19853981026
lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (lip) is characterized by interstitial accumulation of mature lymphocytes, plasma cells, and reticuloendothelial cells and is often an unremitting process unresponsive to immunosuppressive therapy. the patient described in this report had severe candidal esophagitis and immunologic findings consistent with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). there was no evidence of pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium aviu ...19854003948
[surgical pulmonary biopsy in children].during the last 2 years an open lung biopsy was performed in 16 children aged from 2 to 14 years. fourteen of these had a chemotherapeutic induced immunodeficiency and a radiological picture of diffuse pulmonary infiltrate. a definite diagnosis was established in 11 cases: 5 pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis, 2 cmv infections, 2 pneumocalcinosis, 1 neoplastic pulmonary lymphangitis and 1 staphylococcal infection. three had a non-specific interstitial pneumonitis. in this series there was no post- ...19854042263
prospective randomized study of open lung biopsy versus empirical antibiotic therapy for acute pneumonitis in nonneutropenic cancer patients.diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and acute respiratory compromise frequently occur in patients with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy, and treatment remains controversial. we initiated a prospective randomized trial in 22 nonneutropenic patients to compare the efficacy of immediate open lung biopsy with that of empirical trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin therapy with delayed open lung biopsy if no clinical improvement occurred after 4 days of therapy. diagnoses included non-hodgki ...19854062396
a case comparison of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) in homosexual males with spindle-endothelial cell abnormalities and with recrudescent melioidosis.the aids syndrome includes cases of biopsy-proven kaposi's sarcoma in persons under 60 years of age, or biopsy- or culture-proven pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, or either of the life-threatening opportunistic infections in young previously healthy persons with no underlying cause of immunodeficiency (center for disease control criteria). here we described the first case of aids with early kaposi's sarcoma-like lesions in homosexual male drug addict and have compared the clinical and laboratory ...19854074477
yellow nail syndrome in patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease.eight patients with proved diagnoses of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, some with chronic sinusitis, pleural effusion, tuberculosis, and other pathologic conditions, were serially examined. four had yellow discoloration of the distal portions of the nails. nails of some patients showed ridging, loss or decrease in size of lunulae, and opaqueness. these findings indicate the presence of the yellow nail syndrome, a relatively rare condition, in 50% of these e ...19854078068
'rejection or infection' predictive value of t-cell subject ratio, before and after heart transplantation.peripheral t-cell subsets were monitored in ten heart and two heart-lung recipients pre- and up to one year post-operatively. prior to transplantation four patients had t-helper/t-cytotoxic suppressor ratios (th/ts-c) above the range for normal healthy controls and all required treatment for rejection episodes, as compared with three of eight patients whose pre-transplantation ratios were within the normal range. no patient with high th/ts-c ratios developed cytomegalovirus infection as compared ...19853039098
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in infants and children: report of nine cases.we report here nine children with aids. the risk factors of these patients were hemophilia in one, blood transfusions in four, maternal intravenous drug use in three and paternal aids in one. one baby was also of haitian parentage. the major clinical symptoms included failure to thrive, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, interstitial pneumonia, recurrent bacterial and viral infections and persistent oral thrush. three infants had chronic recurrent parotitis. five infants developed opportunistic infe ...19853830264
diagnosis and management of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in intravenous drug users.acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is a clinical entity that is part of a spectrum of immune dysfunction found in specific high risk groups, among them intravenous drug users. in drug users aids almost always presents as an opportunistic infection, usually pneumocystis carinii. the leading etiologic hypothesis is of a viral agent acting, it is possible, on a previously immunocompromised host. recent research at hospitals affiliated with the albert einstein college of medicine, where an u ...19853832900
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). clinical, immunological, pathological, and microbiological studies of the first case diagnosed in norway.the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in norway, diagnosed in january 1983, is presented, with results of clinical, immunological, and microbiological studies and the results of autopsy. immunological studies showed several immunological abnormalities, including a profound deficiency of the t-cell system of the type usually associated with aids. during the 11 months of symptomatic disease the patient had a series of opportunistic infections, including recurrent candida esop ...19853856941
ultrastructural observations of pneumocystis carinii attachment to rat lung. 19853871224
pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19853871247
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19853871316
cellular and humoral immune responses of mice subclinically infected with pneumocystis carinii.cellular and humoral immune responses to pneumocystis carinii were investigated. icr and ddd mice were intranasally infected with 10(4) mouse lung-derived p. carinii, and the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reaction and antibody titers to p. carinii were measured along with the number of p. carinii cysts in the lungs after infection. the number of p. carinii cysts in the lungs peaked at 2 weeks after infection and then decreased to barely detectable levels by 4 weeks. serum antibody (immunog ...19853871426
successful treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in hypersensitive aids patients. 19853871490
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia studied by gallium-67 scanning.the validity and reliability of gallium-67 (ga-67) scanning for diagnosis and follow-up of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were assessed in 34 patients thought to have pulmonary complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). overall sensitivity was 94% and specificity 74%. among patients with normal or equivocal chest radiographs at the time of admission, sensitivity was 86% and specificity 85%. the authors consider ga-67 scanning a valid and reliable adjunct in the diagnosis o ...19853871532
histoplasmosis in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.this report describes the experience with disseminated histoplasmosis in seven of 15 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) diagnosed in indianapolis since 1981. three were homosexual, two were intravenous drug addicts, one was the spouse of another patient with aids and disseminated histoplasmosis, and the seventh was a hemophiliac. six had associated infections: candidiasis in three, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, recurrent mucocutaneous herpes simplex infection, and dis ...19853871588
role of bronchial brush biopsy in aids with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19853872202
early experience and difficulties with bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of aids associated pneumonia in britain.bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy have been used as adjuncts to the management of patients with pneumonia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) at the middlesex hospital and the experience gained and difficulties encountered in the first five cases are reported. widely varying organisms were isolated from lavage aspirates, some of which may have been nasopharyngeal contaminants, and organisms cultured from the transbronchial biopsy specimens may offer a bet ...19853872484
granulomatous pneumocystosis presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule.a case of pneumocytosis presented radiologically as a solitary pulmonary nodule. of cases presenting in this unusual fashion, this may be the first in which the histology was that of a fibrous and granulomatous nodule. the only pathogen identified was pneumocystis carinii. the expected histologic pattern in pneumocystosis (interstitial pneumonitis with foamy alveolar exudate) was completely absent. outside the major pulmonary nodule, scattered microscopic noncaseating granulomas of sarcoid type ...19853872652
pulmonary complications in patients with adult t-cell leukemia.a survey of 360 patients with various hematologic diseases revealed a high frequency of respiratory complications in patients with adult t-cell leukemia (atl) compared to others. among 29 patients with atl, pulmonary complications were seen in 26 patients; leukemic pulmonary infiltration in 13, bleeding in 1, interstitial pneumonitis in 1, and pulmonary infection in 13. the incidence of pneumocystis carinii and bacterial pneumonias were high despite adequate neutrophil count. even in chronic and ...19853872708
serodiagnosis of pneumocystis carinii. 19853872777
pneumocystis carinii in bone marrow. 19853873199
the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.forty-four episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred in 36 of 70 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. thirty-four patients with 40 episodes of pcp were treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. therapy was successful in 18 episodes (45%), but was unsuccessful in 15 episodes (37.5%). in the latter cases, two patients died within 72 hours; 13, of whom nine died, had therapy changed to pentamidine. in seven additional episodes (17.5%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazol ...19853873229
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: response to inadvertent steroid therapy. 19853873272
persistence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. evaluation of therapy by follow-up transbronchial lung biopsy.the effectiveness of therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and/or pentamidine has not been fully evaluated in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). since recurrence of pcp is common, follow-up lung biopsy (15 transbronchial, one open) was performed as part of the clinical evaluation of 16 episodes of pcp. all patients had shown evidence of clinical improvement during treatment and had received a mean duration of therapy of 17.6 days. in six of 16 episodes (38 percent), ho ...19853874046
pulmonary complications of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a clinicopathologic study of 70 cases.the pulmonary complications of 70 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are reviewed. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), present in 67 per cent of the patients, was diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy with transbronchial biopsies in all of the patients except two adults, who required open lung biopsy, and two children, in whom the infection was detected only at autopsy. other opportunistic infections, such as cytomegalovirus pneumonitis, mycobacterial infections, invasi ...19853874142
efficacy of tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in rats.pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis was induced using dexamethasone in male sprague-dawley rats. after the first death due to pn. carinii occurred, nine rats received 50 mg/kg/day tetroxoprim and 120 mg/kg/day sulphadiazine. four additional rats were given no therapy and served as a positive control. all the surviving rats including five negative controls were sacrificed four weeks after the last positive control rat died. all four rats in the positive control group and two of nine in the treated g ...19853874200
occurrence of pneumocystis carinii in animals in japan. 19853874316
[a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after chemotherapy of bladder tumor].this is a case report on a 70-year-old male patient. during chemotherapy treatment after a bladder tumor operation, the patient had a complication of pneumonia which did not respond to various antibiotics. from clinical observations and chest x-ray, it was diagnosed as pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia and was cured by medication of co-trimoxazole.19853874533
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric patients using bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage. 19853875082
absence of pneumocystis carinii in lobund germfree and conventional rat colonies. 19853875106
antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumocystis carinii in culture.pneumocystis carinii from infected rats were cultured on infected wi-38 human lung fibroblasts. after cultures were established, medium was replaced by medium containing antimicrobials and supernate organisms counted at specified times. results show that metronidazole had no effect, amphotericin b suppressed organisms at 5 but not 0.5 microgram/ml, and miconazole, chloroquine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and pentamidine isethionate suppressed organisms at the concentrations tested.19853875445
detection of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in experimentally infected mice. 19853875707
diagnosis of pulmonary complications of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.forty eight patients with the acquired immunedeficiency syndrome (aids) presented to the mount sinai hospital in new york with persistent cough and dyspnoea or an abnormal chest radiograph, or both. thirty two (67%) were found to have pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, either alone or in combination with another pathogen. of these patients, eight (25%) had a normal chest radiograph. abnormalities in the single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient [a-a) do2 ...19853875910
steroid use in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. 19853876147
humoral responses to pneumocystis carinii in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in immunocompromised homosexual men. 19853876394
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