Publications

possible role of an error detection mechanism in brain processing of deception: pet-fmri study.	to investigate brain maintenance of deliberate deception the positron emission tomography and the event related functional mri studies were performed. we used an experimental paradigm that presupposed free choices between equally beneficial deceptive or honest actions. experimental task simulated the "cheat" card game which aims to defeat an opponent by sequential deceptive and honest claims. results of both the pet and the fmri studies revealed that execution of both deliberately deceptive and ...	2013	24100194
effective connectivity reveals strategy differences in an expert calculator.	mathematical reasoning is a core component of cognition and the study of experts defines the upper limits of human cognitive abilities, which is why we are fascinated by peak performers, such as chess masters and mental calculators. here, we investigated the neural bases of calendrical skills, i.e. the ability to rapidly identify the weekday of a particular date, in a gifted mental calculator who does not fall in the autistic spectrum, using functional mri. graph-based mapping of effective conne ...	2013	24086291
the ergonomics of dishonesty: the effect of incidental posture on stealing, cheating, and traffic violations.	research in environmental sciences has found that the ergonomic design of human-made environments influences thought, feeling, and action. in the research reported here, we examined the impact of physical environments on dishonest behavior. in four studies, we tested whether certain bodily configurations-or postures-incidentally imposed by the environment led to increases in dishonest behavior. the first three experiments showed that individuals who assumed expansive postures (either consciously ...	2013	24068113
there's no single endgame.	'endgame' is a term from chess, a complex game with a simple objective: to checkmate the king. tobacco control is not so simple. we do not have one uniform agreed objective but a multiplicity of goals some of which may be incompatible. we are not playing a global game of chess, but a multiplicity of battles and skirmishes played out with different rules and on different terrains. this paper examines these issues and goes on to summarise the situation in england and what the endgame will mean in ...	2013	23591506
the symmetry of self mutilation and the chess board pattern.		2013	22528020
the effects of participation in leisure activities on neuropsychiatric symptoms of persons with cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study.	people with cognitive impairment have been shown to engage in few structured activities. during periods of unoccupied time or boredom, these patients most likely manifest neuropsychiatric symptoms.	2013	23411009
iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) of the wrist and finger at 3t: comparison with chemical shift selective fat suppression images.	to compare fat-suppressed magnetic resonance imaging (mri) quality using iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (ideal) with that using chemical shift selective fat-suppressed t1-weighted spin-echo (chess) images for evaluating rheumatoid arthritis (ra) lesions of the hand and finger at 3t.	2013	22911970
accuracy and consensus in judgments of trustworthiness from faces: behavioral and neural correlates.	perceivers' inferences about individuals based on their faces often show high interrater consensus and can even accurately predict behavior in some domains. here we investigated the consensus and accuracy of judgments of trustworthiness. in study 1, we showed that the type of photo judged makes a significant difference for whether an individual is judged as trustworthy. in study 2, we found that inferences of trustworthiness made from the faces of corporate criminals did not differ from inferenc ...	2013	23276271
predictors of online health information seeking among women with breast cancer: the role of social support perception and emotional well-being.	this study attempts to examine the role of social support perception and emotional well-being on online information seeking among cancer patients within the context of chess, a well-established interactive cancer communication system (iccs). factor and regression analyses conducted among 231 breast cancer patients revealed that social support perception and emotional well-being interacted with each other to influence online health information seeking. patients with low social support perception ...	2013	24634575
predictors of the change in the expression of emotional support within an online breast cancer support group: a longitudinal study.	to explore how the expression of emotional support in an online breast cancer support group changes over time, and what factors predict this pattern of change.	2013	23122429
when cheating would make you a cheater: implicating the self prevents unethical behavior.	in 3 experiments using 2 different paradigms, people were less likely to cheat for personal gain when a subtle change in phrasing framed such behavior as diagnostic of an undesirable identity. participants were given the opportunity to claim money they were not entitled to at the experimenters' expense; instructions referred to cheating with either language that was designed to highlight the implications of cheating for the actor's identity (e.g., "please don't be a cheater") or language that fo ...	2013	23127418
cytokine-based therapy in psoriasis.	psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are chronic inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology, affecting 2-3% of the world population. initially, psoriasis was thought to be a hyper-proliferation disorder of keratinocytes only, but as time passed, the role of immune system became more evident and now both diseases are considered autoimmune disorders. in last few years, the discovery of interleukin (il)-23/th17 axis in pathophysiology of psoriatic diseases shifts the cytokine paradigm from th1 to th17 ...	2013	22426927
biodegradation of ivory (natural apatite): possible involvement of fungal activity in biodeterioration of the lewis chessmen.	fungal biodeterioration of ivory was investigated with in vitro inoculation of samples obtained from boar and walrus tusks with the fungi aspergillus niger and serpula himantioides, species of known geoactive abilities. a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy together with associated analytical techniques was used to characterize fungal interactions with the ivory, including changes in ivory composition, dissolution and tunnelling, and the formation of new biominerals. the resear ...	2013	23157656
roundtable: what is temperament? four approaches.	4 current approaches to understanding temperament are discussed in the roundtable. in an introductory overview, goldsmith outlines some of the major convergences and divergences in the understanding of this concept. theorists representing 4 positions--goldsmith, buss and plomin, rothbart, and thomas and chess--outline their views by responding to each of 6 questions: how do you define temperament and explain the boundaries of the concept? what are the elements of temperatment? how does the const ...	2013	3829791
learning by playing: video gaming in education-a cheat sheet for games for health designers.		2014	26192487
understanding beyond grasping propositions: a discussion of chess and fish.	in this paper, we argue that, contra strevens (2013), understanding in the sciences is sometimes partially constituted by the possession of abilities; hence, it is not (in such cases) exhausted by the understander's bearing a particular psychological or epistemic relationship to some set of structured propositions. specifically, the case will be made that one does not really understand why a modeled phenomenon occurred unless one has the ability to actually work through (meaning run and grasp at ...	2014	25571746
preliminary results from a crowdsourcing experiment in immunohistochemistry.	crowdsourcing, i.e., the outsourcing of tasks typically performed by a few experts to a large crowd as an open call, has been shown to be reasonably effective in many cases, like wikipedia, the chess match of kasparov against the world in 1999, and several others. the aim of the present paper is to describe the setup of an experimentation of crowdsourcing techniques applied to the quantification of immunohistochemistry.	2014	25565010
why internet-based education?	this essay illustrates five ways that internet-based higher education can capitalize on fundamental principles of learning. internet-based education can enable better mastery through distributed (shorter, more frequent) practice rather than massed (longer, less frequent) practice; it can optimize performance because it allows students to learn at their peak time of their day; it can deepen memory because it requires cheat-proof assignments and tests; it can promote critical thinking because it n ...	2014	25653625
metacognition and action: a new pathway to understanding social and cognitive aspects of expertise in sport.	for over a century, psychologists have investigated the mental processes of expert performers - people who display exceptional knowledge and/or skills in specific fields of human achievement. since the 1960s, expertise researchers have made considerable progress in understanding the cognitive and neural mechanisms that underlie such exceptional performance. whereas the first modern studies of expertise were conducted in relatively formal knowledge domains such as chess, more recent investigation ...	2014	25360126
decision making in kidney paired donation programs with altruistic donors.	in recent years, kidney paired donation (kpd) has been extended to include living non-directed or altruistic donors, in which an altruistic donor donates to the candidate of an incompatible donor-candidate pair with the understanding that the donor in that pair will further donate to the candidate of a second pair, and so on; such a process continues and thus forms an altruistic donor-initiated chain. in this paper, we propose a novel strategy to sequentially allocate the altruistic donor (or br ...	2014	25309603
a cheat sheet to navigate the complex maze of exclusivities in the united states.		2014	25291306
expert vs. novice differences in the detection of relevant information during a chess game: evidence from eye movements.	the present study explored the ability of expert and novice chess players to rapidly distinguish between regions of a chessboard that were relevant to the best move on the board, and regions of the board that were irrelevant. accordingly, we monitored the eye movements of expert and novice chess players, while they selected white's best move for a variety of chess problems. to manipulate relevancy, we constructed two different versions of each chess problem in the experiment, and we counterbalan ...	2014	25202298
palm-vein classification based on principal orientation features.	personal recognition using palm-vein patterns has emerged as a promising alternative for human recognition because of its uniqueness, stability, live body identification, flexibility, and difficulty to cheat. with the expanding application of palm-vein pattern recognition, the corresponding growth of the database has resulted in a long response time. to shorten the response time of identification, this paper proposes a simple and useful classification for palm-vein identification based on princi ...	2014	25383715
developmental origins of recoding and decoding in memory.	working memory is severely limited in both adults and children, but one way that adults can overcome this limit is through the process of recoding. recoding happens when representations of individual items are chunked together into a higher order representation, and the chunk is assigned a label. that label can then be decoded to retrieve the individual items from long-term memory. whereas this ability has been extensively studied in adults (as, for example, in classic studies of memory in chess ...	2014	25195153
online support: impact on anxiety in women who experience an abnormal screening mammogram.	to determine whether an online support tool can impact anxiety in women experiencing an abnormal mammogram.	2014	25193424
checkmate to deliberate practice: the case of magnus carlsen.		2014	25177304
life cycles, fitness decoupling and the evolution of multicellularity.	cooperation is central to the emergence of multicellular life; however, the means by which the earliest collectives (groups of cells) maintained integrity in the face of destructive cheating types is unclear. one idea posits cheats as a primitive germ line in a life cycle that facilitates collective reproduction. here we describe an experiment in which simple cooperating lineages of bacteria were propagated under a selective regime that rewarded collective-level persistence. collectives reproduc ...	2014	25373677
developing the pediatric refractory epilepsy questionnaire: a pilot study.	up to 14% of children with epilepsy continue to experience seizures despite having appropriate medical therapy and develop medically refractory epilepsy (mre). assessing clinical outcomes and therapeutic efficacy in children with mre undergoing palliative epilepsy surgery has been challenging because of the lack of a quantitative instrument capable of estimating the clinical status of these patients. the ideal instrument would at once consider seizure control, neurodevelopment, caregiver burden, ...	2014	24967697
attitudes of student nurses enrolled in e-learning course towards academic dishonesty: a descriptive-exploratory study.	the author investigated attitudes of nursing students enrolled in e-learning towards academic dishonesty. the descriptive-exploratory design was used in the conduct of the study. respondents were randomly selected 36 junior and senior nursing students. it revealed that nursing students perceived as neutral (mean = 2.77, mean = 3.17) in taking responsibility for promoting academic integrity in e-learning. the paraphrasing a sentence from internet source without referencing it (38.89%) got the mos ...	2014	24943522
on the effect of chess training on scholastic achievement.		2014	25152737
the association of early childhood cognitive development and behavioural difficulties with pre-adolescent problematic eating attitudes.	few studies have prospectively investigated associations of child cognitive ability and behavioural difficulties with later eating attitudes. we investigated associations of intelligence quotient (iq), academic performance and behavioural difficulties at 6.5 years with eating attitudes five years later.	2014	25102171
the einstellung effect in anagram problem solving: evidence from eye movements.	the einstellung effect is the counterintuitive finding that prior experience or domain-specific knowledge can under some circumstances interfere with problem solving performance. this effect has been demonstrated in several domains of expertise including medicine and chess. in the present study we explored this effect in the context of a simplified anagram problem solving task. participants solved anagram problems while their eye movements were monitored. each problem consisted of six letters: a ...	2014	25071650
the architecture of the chess player's brain.	the game of chess can be seen as a typical example for an expertise task requiring domain-specific training and experience. despite intensive behavioural studies the neural underpinnings of chess performance and expertise are not entirely understood. a few functional neuroimaging studies have shown that expert chess players recruit different psychological functions and activate different brain areas while they are engaged in chess-related activities. based on this functional literature, we predi ...	2014	25065494
double meaning of courtship song in a moth.	males use courtship signals to inform a conspecific female of their presence and/or quality, or, alternatively, to 'cheat' females by imitating the cues of a prey or predator. these signals have the single function of advertising for mating. here, we show the dual functions of the courtship song in the yellow peach moth, conogethes punctiferalis, whose males generate a series of short pulses and a subsequent long pulse in a song bout. repulsive short pulses mimic the echolocation calls of sympat ...	2014	25009064
restricting range restricts conclusions.		2014	24971068
improving the apo-state detergent stability of nts1 with chess for pharmacological and structural studies.	the largest single class of drug targets is the g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family. modern high-throughput methods for drug discovery require working with pure protein, but this has been a challenge for gpcrs, and thus the success of screening campaigns targeting soluble, catalytic protein domains has not yet been realized for gpcrs. therefore, most gpcr drug screening has been cell-based, whereas the strategy of choice for drug discovery against soluble proteins is hts using purified prot ...	2014	25064156
do low-calorie drinks 'cheat' the enteral-brain axis?	the consumption of low-calorie beverages has increased worldwide, mainly because of their combination of sweet taste without adding significant calories to the diet. however, some epidemiological studies have linked the higher consumption of low-calorie beverages with increased body weight gain.	2014	25023189
immunomodulation in cancer.	we have to strengthen our 'chess-playing skills' when using immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer treatment: know the cancerous opponent, study its evolution and have an eye for its weaknesses. besides tumor cells, other pieces on the board are stromal cells, endothelial cells and different immune cells. some of these immune cells, like helper and cytotoxic t cells, natural killer (t) cells and mature dendritic cells are of help, others like regulatory t cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cel ...	2014	25011112
learning curves in highly skilled chess players: a test of the generality of the power law of practice.	the power law of practice holds that a power function best interrelates skill performance and amount of practice. however, the law's validity and generality are moot. some researchers argue that it is an artifact of averaging individual exponential curves while others question whether the law generalizes to complex skills and to performance measures other than response time. the present study tested the power law's generality to development over many years of a very complex cognitive skill, ches ...	2014	24915472
playing off the curve - testing quantitative predictions of skill acquisition theories in development of chess performance.	learning curves have been proposed as an adequate description of learning processes, no matter whether the processes manifest within minutes or across years. different mechanisms underlying skill acquisition can lead to differences in the shape of learning curves. in the current study, we analyze the tournament performance data of 1383 chess players who begin competing at young age and play tournaments for at least 10 years. we analyze the performance development with the goal to test the adequa ...	2014	25202292
use of the interrai chess scale to predict mortality among persons with neurological conditions in three care settings.	persons with certain neurological conditions have higher mortality rates than the population without neurological conditions, but the risk factors for increased mortality within diagnostic groups are less well understood. the interrai chess scale has been shown to be a strong predictor of mortality in the overall population of persons receiving health care in community and institutional settings. this study examines the performance of chess as a predictor of mortality among persons with 11 diffe ...	2014	24914546
quick concurrent responses to global and local cognitive information underlie intuitive understanding in board-game experts.	experts have the superior cognitive capability of quickly understanding complex information in their domain; however, little is known about the neural processes underlying this ability. here, using a board game named shogi (japanese chess), we investigated the brain activity in expert players that was involved in their quick understanding of board-game patterns. the frontal area responded only to meaningful game positions, whereas the temporal area responded to both game and random positions wit ...	2014	25081320
local norms of cheating and the cultural evolution of crime and punishment: a study of two urban neighborhoods.	the prevalence of antisocial behavior varies across time and place. the likelihood of committing such behavior is affected by, and also affects, the local social environment. to further our understanding of this dynamic process, we conducted two studies of antisocial behavior, punishment, and social norms. these studies took place in two neighborhoods in newcastle upon tyne, england. according to a previous study, neighborhood a enjoys relatively low frequencies of antisocial behavior and crime ...	2014	25071983
disturbed eating tendency and related factors in grade four to six elementary school students in taiwan.	this study investigated taiwanese elementary school students' status in terms of body size, body satisfaction and disturbed eating tendencies.	2014	24561979
the geometry of expertise.	theories of expertise based on the acquisition of chunk and templates suggest a differential geometric organization of perception between experts and novices. it is implied that expert representation is less anchored by spatial (euclidean) proximity and may instead be dictated by the intrinsic relation in the structure and grammar of the specific domain of expertise. here we set out to examine this hypothesis. we used the domain of chess which has been widely used as a tool to study human expert ...	2014	24550869
flour pads: devices to improve chess fat suppression.	we compared the suppression of lingering fat signals in chemical shift selective (chess) images by pads filled with flour and pads filled with rice in a phantom and human subjects.	2014	24492741
functional organization of intrinsic connectivity networks in chinese-chess experts.	the functional architecture of the human brain has been extensively described in terms of functional connectivity networks, detected from the low-frequency coherent neuronal fluctuations during a resting state condition. accumulating evidence suggests that the overall organization of functional connectivity networks is associated with individual differences in cognitive performance and prior experience. such an association raises the question of how cognitive expertise exerts an influence on the ...	2014	24565926
pattern recognition algorithm reveals how birds evolve individual egg pattern signatures.	pattern-based identity signatures are commonplace in the animal kingdom, but how they are recognized is poorly understood. here we develop a computer vision tool for analysing visual patterns, naturepatternmatch, which breaks new ground by mimicking visual and cognitive processes known to be involved in recognition tasks. we apply this tool to a long-standing question about the evolution of recognizable signatures. the common cuckoo (cuculus canorus) is a notorious cheat that sneaks its mimetic ...	2014	24939367
extracurricular interest as a resilience building block for children affected by parental hiv/aids.	parental illness and death due to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) impose challenges to children's psychological adjustment. positive psychology emphasizes individual's resilience in the face of adversity, trauma, and tragedy. limited data are available regarding the factors that can cultivate resilience of children affected by hiv/aids. this study aims to examine the role of extracurricular interest in strengthening resilience among children affected by ...	2014	24107136
uranium perturbs signaling and iron uptake response in arabidopsis thaliana roots.	uranium is a natural element which is mainly redistributed in the environment due to human activity, including accidents and spillages. plants may be useful in cleaning up after incidents, although little is yet known about the relationship between metal speciation and plant response. here, j-chess modeling was used to predict u speciation and exposure conditions affecting u bioavailability for plants. the model was confirmed by exposing arabidopsis thaliana plants to u under hydroponic conditio ...	2014	24549117
an experimental test of whether cheating is context dependent.	microbial cells rely on cooperative behaviours that can breakdown as a result of exploitation by cheats. recent work on cheating in microbes, however, has produced examples of populations benefiting from the presence of cheats and/or cooperative behaviours being maintained despite the presence of cheats. these observations have been presented as evidence for selection favouring cheating at the population level. this apparent contradiction arises when cheating is defined simply by the reduced exp ...	2014	24480013
cooperation, quorum sensing, and evolution of virulence in staphylococcus aureus.	the virulence and fitness in vivo of the major human pathogen staphylococcus aureus are associated with a cell-to-cell signaling mechanism known as quorum sensing (qs). qs coordinates the production of virulence factors via the production and sensing of autoinducing peptide (aip) signal molecules by the agr locus. here we show, in a wax moth larva virulence model, that (i) qs in s. aureus is a cooperative social trait that provides a benefit to the local population of cells, (ii) agr mutants, wh ...	2014	24343650
[use of visual evoked potentials in neurology--a review. i].	in 1972, halliday and co-workers [13] inaugurated the rotary mirror method for producing the visually evoked potential (vep) by means of pattern reversal. the so-called pattern reversal vep (prvep) is at present frequently obtained by means of a television monitor (tv stimulation) or light-emitting diode system (led system). independent of its special advantages and disadvantages, the stimulation by means of these systems as compared to the simple flash stimulation potentials seems to evoke with ...	2014	4013563
the burden of guilt: heavy backpacks, light snacks, and enhanced morality.	drawing on the embodied simulation account of emotional information processing, we argue that the physical experience of weight is associated with the emotional experience of guilt and thus that weight intensifies the experience of guilt. across 4 studies, we found that participants who wore a heavy backpack experienced higher levels of guilt compared to those who wore a light backpack. additionally, wearing a heavy backpack affected participants' behavior. specifically, it led them to be more l ...	2014	23398182
predictive modeling of addiction lapses in a mobile health application.	the chronically relapsing nature of alcoholism leads to substantial personal, family, and societal costs. addiction-comprehensive health enhancement support system (a-chess) is a smartphone application that aims to reduce relapse. to offer targeted support to patients who are at risk of lapses within the coming week, a bayesian network model to predict such events was constructed using responses on 2,934 weekly surveys (called the weekly check-in) from 152 alcohol-dependent individuals who recen ...	2014	24035143
100% classification accuracy considered harmful: the normalized information transfer factor explains the accuracy paradox.	the most widely spread measure of performance, accuracy, suffers from a paradox: predictive models with a given level of accuracy may have greater predictive power than models with higher accuracy. despite optimizing classification error rate, high accuracy models may fail to capture crucial information transfer in the classification task. we present evidence of this behavior by means of a combinatorial analysis where every possible contingency matrix of 2, 3 and 4 classes classifiers are depict ...	2014	24427282
prospective associations of parental smoking, alcohol use, marital status, maternal satisfaction, and parental and childhood body mass index at 6.5 years with later problematic eating attitudes.	few studies have prospectively investigated whether early-life exposures are associated with pre-adolescent eating attitudes.	2014	24394456
x-ray structure, thermodynamics, elastic properties and md simulations of cardiolipin/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine mixed membranes.	cardiolipins (cls) are important biologically for their unique role in biomembranes that couple phosphorylation and electron transport like bacterial plasma membranes, chromatophores, chloroplasts and mitochondria. cls are often tightly coupled to proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. the first step in understanding the interaction of cl with proteins is to obtain the pure cl structure, and the structure of mixtures of cl with other lipids. in this work we use a variety of techniques t ...	2014	24378240
exploring the use patterns of a mobile health application for alcohol addiction before the initial lapse after detoxification.	how patients used addiction-comprehensive health enhancement support system (a-chess)1, a mobile health intervention, while quitting drinking is worthy exploring. this study is to explore a-chess use patterns prior to the initial lapse reported after discharge from inpatient detoxification programs. 142 patients with alcohol addiction from two treatment agencies in the u.s. were included. a comprehensive set of a-chess use measures were developed based on a three-level system use framework and t ...	2014	25954342
synchrotron x-ray footprinting on tour.	synchrotron footprinting is a valuable technique in structural biology for understanding macromolecular solution-state structure and dynamics of proteins and nucleic acids. although an extremely powerful tool, there is currently only a single facility in the usa, the x28c beamline at the national synchrotron light source (nsls), dedicated to providing infrastructure, technology development and support for these studies. the high flux density of the focused white beam and variety of specialized e ...	2014	24365913
drug dealers' rational choices on which customers to rip-off.	drug dealers are infamous for overcharging customers and handing over less than owed. one reason rip-offs frequently occur is blackmarket participants have limited access to formal means of dispute resolution and, as such, are attractive prey. yet drug dealers do not cheat every customer. though this is implicitly understood in the literature, sparse theoretical attention has been given to which customers are ripped-off and why.	2014	24360891
chess improves cancer caregivers' burden and mood: results of an ehealth rct.	informal caregivers (family and friends) of people with cancer are often unprepared for their caregiving role, leading to increased burden or distress. comprehensive health enhancement support system (chess) is a web-based lung cancer information, communication, and coaching system for caregivers. this randomized trial reports the impact on caregiver burden, disruptiveness, and mood of providing caregivers access to chess versus the internet with a list of recommended lung cancer websites.	2014	24245838
elementary school children's cheating behavior and its cognitive correlates.	elementary school children's cheating behavior and its cognitive correlates were investigated using a guessing game. children (n=95) between 8 and 12 years of age were asked to guess which side of the screen a coin would appear on and received rewards based on their self-reported accuracy. children's cheating behavior was measured by examining whether children failed to adhere to the game rules by falsely reporting their accuracy. children's theory-of-mind understanding and executive functioning ...	2014	24464240
current issues in the evolutionary ecology of ant-plant symbioses.	ant-plant symbioses involve plants that provide hollow structures specialized for housing ants and often food to ants. in return, the inhabiting ants protect plants against herbivores and sometimes provide them with nutrients. here, we review recent advances in ant-plant symbioses, focusing on three areas. first, the nutritional ecology of plant-ants, which is based not only on plant-derived food rewards, but also on inputs from other symbiotic partners, in particular fungi and possibly bacteria ...	2014	24444030
fat signal suppression for coronary mra at 3t using a water-selective adiabatic t2 -preparation technique.	to improve fat saturation in coronary mra at 3t by using a spectrally selective adiabatic t2 -prep (wsa-t2 -prep).	2014	24285603
necessity is the mother of invention: video recording firsthand perspectives of critical medical procedures to make simulated training more effective.	the traditional apprenticeship model for training doctors requires ample opportunities in the clinic for trainees to learn core procedures under the supervision of skilled doctors. in this issue, kyser and colleagues document that the learning opportunities for residents to master certain core procedures, such as forceps and vacuum deliveries, are insufficient in many teaching hospitals. to address this serious problem, this author argues that learning techniques (i.e., deliberate practice and s ...	2014	24280862
motivational interviewing combined with chess accelerates improvement in executive functions in cocaine dependent patients: a one-month prospective study.	in cocaine-dependent individuals, executive function (ef) deficits are associated with poor treatment outcomes. psychological interventions and pharmacological approaches have produced only modest effect sizes. to date, studies of this topic have been few and limited. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of a new model of intervention, which integrates chess and motivational interviewing, motivational chess (mc) methods: we evaluated 46 cocaine-dependent inpatients (aged 18-45), in t ...	2014	24913200
performing private database queries in a real-world environment using a quantum protocol.	in the well-studied cryptographic primitive 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer, a user retrieves a single element from a database of size n without the database learning which element was retrieved. while it has previously been shown that a secure implementation of 1-out-of-n oblivious transfer is impossible against arbitrarily powerful adversaries, recent research has revealed an interesting class of private query protocols based on quantum mechanics in a cheat sensitive model. specifically, a pract ...	2014	24913129
cheating on examinations and its predictors among undergraduate students at hawassa university college of medicine and health science, hawassa, ethiopia.	cheating on examinations in academic institutions is a worldwide issue. when cheating occurs in medical schools, it has serious consequences for human life, social values, and the economy. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cheating and identify factors that influence cheating among students of hawassa university college of medicine and health science.	2014	24885973
chess evolution visualization.	we present a chess visualization to convey the changes in a game over successive generations. it contains a score chart, an evolution graph and a chess board, such that users can understand a game from global to local viewpoints. unlike current graphical chess tools, which focus only on highlighting pieces that are under attack and require sequential investigation, our visualization shows potential outcomes after a piece is moved and indicates how much tactical advantage the player can have over ...	2014	26357293
expertise and the representation of space.		2014	24765081
effects of promoting longer-term and exclusive breastfeeding on childhood eating attitudes: a cluster-randomized trial.	observational studies suggest that breastfeeding benefits later maternal child-feeding practices, which in turn may contribute to positive eating attitudes. we investigated the effect of a randomized intervention to increase duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding on pre-adolescent eating attitudes.	2014	24706729
a smartphone application to support recovery from alcoholism: a randomized clinical trial.	patients leaving residential treatment for alcohol use disorders are not typically offered evidence-based continuing care, although research suggests that continuing care is associated with better outcomes. a smartphone-based application could provide effective continuing care.	2014	24671165
divorce and infidelity are associated with skewed adult sex ratios in birds.	adult sex ratio (asr) is a fundamental concept in population demography, and recent theory suggests that asr plays a central role in social behavior, mating systems, and parental care. unbalanced asrs are predicted to influence pair-bond and mating behavior, since the rarer sex in the population has more potential partners to mate with than the more common sex. here we use phylogenetic comparative analyses to test whether asr is related to three major aspects of mating behavior: divorce, social ...	2014	24656831
[postoperative radiation therapy for a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta: case report].	osteogenesis imperfecta is an unusual disease also called lobstein disease. characterized by abnormalities of collagen biosynthesis, a possible mutation on 17th chromosome is described. on the other hand, 29% of breast cancers present a mutation on the same chromosome. nevertheless, the association of osteogenesis imperfecta and breast cancer is at the moment unknown. therapeutic management is very difficult because of a loss in dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase for patients having osteogenesis im ...	2014	24629322
near-realistic mobile exergames with wireless wearable sensors.	exergaming is expanding as an option for sedentary behavior in childhood/adult obesity and for extra exercise for gamers. this paper presents the development process for a mobile active sports exergame with near-realistic motions through the usage of body-wearable sensors. the process begins by collecting a dataset specifically targeted to mapping real-world activities directly to the games, then, developing the recognition system in a fashion to produce an enjoyable game. the classification alg ...	2014	24608050
the meaning of "significance" for different types of research [translated and annotated by eric-jan wagenmakers, denny borsboom, josine verhagen, rogier kievit, marjan bakker, angelique cramer, dora matzke, don mellenbergh, and han l. j. van der maas]. 1969.	adrianus dingeman de groot (1914-2006) was one of the most influential dutch psychologists. he became famous for his work "thought and choice in chess", but his main contribution was methodological--de groot co-founded the department of psychological methods at the university of amsterdam (together with r. f. van naerssen), founded one of the leading testing and assessment companies (cito), and wrote the monograph "methodology" that centers on the empirical-scientific cycle: observation-inductio ...	2014	24589374
diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging of the head and neck using 3-t mri: investigation into the usefulness of liquid perfluorocarbon pads and choice of optimal fat suppression method.	to investigate whether image quality can be improved using liquid perfluorocarbon pads (sat pad) and clarify the optimal fat-suppression method among chemical shift selective (chess), water excitation (wex), and short ti inversion recovery (stir) methods in diffusion-weighted imaging (dwi) of the head and neck using 3-t magnetic resonance imaging. correlations between results of visual inspection and quantitative analysis were also examined.	2014	24582547
game playing.	game playing has been a core domain of artificial intelligence research since the beginnings of the field. game playing provides clearly defined arenas within which computational approaches can be readily compared to human expertise through head-to-head competition and other benchmarks. game playing research has identified several simple core algorithms that provide successful foundations, with development focused on the challenges of defeating human experts in specific games. key developments i ...	2014	26304308
gender differences in intellectual performance persist at the limits of individual capabilities.	males predominate at the top in chess, and chess is a useful domain to investigate possible causes of gender differences in high achievement. opportunity, interest and extent of practice can be controlled for. organized chess has objective performance measures, extensive longitudinal population-level data and little gatekeeper influence. previous studies of gender differences in chess performance have not controlled adequately for females on average playing fewer rated games and dropping out at ...	2014	23631890
toward an evolutionary definition of cheating.	the term "cheating" is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe a wide range of exploitative or deceitful traits. although many find this a useful short hand, others have suggested that it implies cognitive intent in a misleading way, and is used inconsistently. we provide a formal justification of the use of the term "cheat" from the perspective of an individual as a maximizing agent. we provide a definition for cheating that can be applied widely, and show that cheats can ...	2014	24131102
the daily life of students at alfredo pinto nursing school (1949 - 1956).	to analyze students' strategies to adapt to the system established by the dean of alfredo pinto nursing school (1949-1956).	2014	19229404
[tolerability of tianeptine in 170 patients with depression treated during one year].	tianeptine, a new antidepressant, has a tricyclic molecular structure. its main biochemical activity consists of an increase in the reuptake of 5 ht both in men and animals, after acute and chronic administration. tianeptine demonstrated its antidepressive clinical efficacy in several double-blind versus reference drug trials. a multicentre open trial, including depressed patients enabled us to evaluate the safety of tianeptine and to control the maintenance of the therapeutic efficacy in the co ...	2014	2101783
cheating among nursing students.	how big a problem is cheating and plagiarism among students? in what ways do students cheat and plagiarize? are formal policies on cheating and plagiarism effective? the author discusses the results of a descriptive survey on this subject.	2015	2352675
[treatment of depression by a combination of clomipramine and triiodothyronine].	the clinical efficacy of a treatment with clomipramine (150 mg/day) associated with a daily dose of 50 micrograms of lt3 (cmi + lt3) compared to a treatment with clomipramine (150 mg/day) (cmi + placebo) for a period of 42 days has been examined in a pilot study, randomized in double-blind conditions, including 20 patients with a normal thyroid status, but presenting a major depressive syndrome (dsm iii). the minimum including score was 30 on the montgomery asberg scale (madrs). the patients wer ...	2015	1669033
temperament as a predictor of behavior during initial dental examination in children.	temperament refers to children's behavioral style, or the manner in which they interact with their environment. temperament has been quantified into nine temperament categories and five temperament constellations by thomas and chess. temperament categories and constellations of children can be measured using one of several parental questionnaires, each of which focuses on age-appropriate behavior. for this study the behavioral style questionnaire (bsq) was administered to the parents of 50 healt ...	2015	8015953
cheating must be okay--everybody does it!	cheating has been a part of structured academics since time immemorial. students cheat to pass a test, to pass a course, and to get better grades than others. they also cheat to obtain the benefits that better grades offer-scholarships, admission to graduate programs, recognition at ceremonies, and prestigious job offers. this article presents data obtained from a survey of nursing students and lists the measures taken to reduce cheating in the classroom.	2015	11840063
adaptive experiments with a multivariate elo-type algorithm.	the present article introduces the multivariate elo-type algorithm (meta), which is inspired by the elo rating system, a tool for the measurement of the performance of chess players. the meta is intended for adaptive experiments with correlated traits. the relationship of the meta to other existing procedures is explained, and useful variants and modifications are discussed. the meta was investigated within three simulation studies. the gain in efficiency of the univariate elo-type algorithm was ...	2015	24878597
evolutionary dynamics of interlinked public goods traits: an experimental study of siderophore production in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	public goods cooperation is common in microbes, and there is much interest in understanding how such traits evolve. research in recent years has identified several important factors that shape the evolutionary dynamics of such systems, yet few studies have investigated scenarios involving interactions between multiple public goods. here, we offer general predictions about the evolutionary trajectories of two public goods traits having positive, negative or neutral regulatory influence on one ano ...	2015	25421271
"quorum non-sensing": social cheating and deception in vibrio cholerae.	quorum sensing (qs) is widely used by bacteria to coordinate behavior in response to external stimuli. in vibrio cholerae, this process is important for environmental survival and pathogenesis, though, intriguingly, a large percentage of natural isolates are qs deficient. here, we show that qs-deficient mutants can spread as social cheaters by ceasing production of extracellular proteases under conditions requiring their growth. we further show that mutants stimulate biofilm formation and are ov ...	2015	25819968
caffeinated forage tricks honeybees into increasing foraging and recruitment behaviors.	in pollination, plants provide food reward to pollinators who in turn enhance plant reproduction by transferring pollen, making the relationship largely cooperative; however, because the interests of plants and pollinators do not always align, there exists the potential for conflict, where it may benefit both to cheat the other [1, 2]. plants may even resort to chemistry: caffeine, a naturally occurring, bitter-tasting, pharmacologically active secondary compound whose main purpose is to detract ...	2015	26480843
short-echo three-dimensional h-1 mr spectroscopic imaging of patients with glioma at 7 tesla for characterization of differences in metabolite levels.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a short echo time, three-dimensional h-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (mrsi) sequence at 7 tesla (t) to assess the metabolic signature of lesions for patients with glioma.	2015	24935758
non-contrast-enhanced mr portography and hepatic venography with time-spatial labeling inversion pulses: comparison of imaging with the short tau inversion recovery method and the chemical shift selective method.	to compare and evaluate images of non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance (mr) portography and hepatic venography acquired with two different fat suppression methods, the chemical shift selective (chess) method and short tau inversion recovery (stir) method.	2015	25159471
uncontrolled web-based administration of surveys on factual health-related knowledge: a randomized study of untimed versus timed quizzing.	health knowledge and literacy are among the main determinants of health. assessment of these issues via web-based surveys is growing continuously. research has suggested that approximately one-fifth of respondents submit cribbed answers, or cheat, on factual knowledge items, which may lead to measurement error. however, little is known about methods of discouraging cheating in web-based surveys on health knowledge.	2015	25872617
a statistical model of intra-chromosome contact maps.	a statistical model describing a fine structure of the intra-chromosome maps obtained by a genome-wide chromosome conformation capture method (hi-c) is proposed. the model combines hierarchical chain folding with a quenched heteropolymer structure of primary chromatin sequences. it is conjectured that the observed hi-c maps are statistical averages over many different ways of hierarchical genome folding. it is shown that the existence of a quenched primary structure coupled with hierarchical fol ...	2015	25521815
rapid directed evolution of stabilized proteins with cellular high-throughput encapsulation solubilization and screening (chess).	directed evolution is a powerful method for engineering proteins towards user-defined goals and has been used to generate novel proteins for industrial processes, biological research and drug discovery. typical directed evolution techniques include cellular display, phage display, ribosome display and water-in-oil compartmentalization, all of which physically link individual members of diverse gene libraries to their translated proteins. this allows the screening or selection for a desired prote ...	2015	25220691
factors associated with quality of life in active childhood epilepsy: a population-based study.	improving health-related quality of life (hrqol), rather than just reducing seizures, should be the principal goal in comprehensive management of childhood epilepsy. there is a lack of population-based data on predictors of hrqol in childhood epilepsy.	2015	25596900
dealing with academic dishonesty: a redemptive approach.	studies reveal that as many as 80% of college students cheat; over half do not think cheating is a serious transgression. developing integrity in nursing students is crucial, as their later actions impact patients' lives. how can educators foster academic integrity? two educators from a christian university relay how they approached a student's cheating and the transformative lessons they learned.	2015	25585470
the effect of implicitly incentivized faking on explicit and implicit measures of doping attitude: when athletes want to pretend an even more negative attitude to doping.	the implicit association test (iat) aims to measure participants' automatic evaluation of an attitude object and is useful especially for the measurement of attitudes related to socially sensitive subjects, e.g. doping in sports. several studies indicate that iat scores can be faked on instruction. but fully or semi-instructed research scenarios might not properly reflect what happens in more realistic situations, when participants secretly decide to try faking the test. the present study is the ...	2015	25902142
teacher enthusiasm: a potential cure of academic cheating.	in this research we claim that teachers' enthusiasm matters regarding student engagement in terms of academic cheating. previous studies found that perceived enthusiasm of teachers is positively related to the intrinsic motivation of the students. however, it was less investigated how perceived enthusiasm is related to cheating. in the first exploratory questionnaire study (n = 244) we found that during the exams of those teachers who are perceived to be enthusiastic students tend to cheat less. ...	2015	25873903