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two new vinblastine-type n-oxide alkaloids from catharanthus roseus.two new vinblastine-type n-oxide alkaloids, 17-desacetoxyvinblastine n'b-oxide (1) and 20'-deoxyvinblastine n'b-oxide (2), were isolated from the leaves of catharanthus roseus. the structures of 1 and 2 were established by the analysis of their nuclear magnetic resonance and hr-esi-ms spectroscopic data. all alkaloids were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (hepg2) cell line, human colorectal carcinoma (lovo) cell line and human breast carcinoma ( ...201323621523
salicylic acid restrains nickel toxicity, improves antioxidant defence system and enhances the production of anticancer alkaloids in catharanthus roseus (l.).salicylic acid (sa) has been reported to ameliorate various stresses in plants. in order to explore the role of sa under nickel (ni) stress, thirty-days old plants of periwinkle (catharanthus roseus l.) were supplied with eight treatments comprising basal application of ni (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg kg(-1)) and foliar application of sa (0 and 10(-5)m) under net house conditions. ni application significantly reduced the growth attributes including plant height, leaf-area index and fresh and dry weigh ...201323597961
perspectives of the metabolic engineering of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus hairy roots.this review looks back on how the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway and the regulatory factors in catharanthus roseus were identified and characterized, and how metabolic engineering, including genetic engineering and metabolic profiling, was conducted based on the gained knowledge. in addition, further examination of the terpenoid indole alkaloid pathway is proposed.201323576053
identification and quantification of active alkaloids in catharanthus roseus by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry.catharanthus roseus is an important dicotyledonous medicinal plant that produces anticancer compounds. the active alkaloids vinblastine, vindoline, ajmalicine, catharanthine, and vinleurosine were identified by direct-injection ion trap-mass spectrometry (it-ms) for collecting ms(1-2) spectra. the determinations of five alkaloids were accomplished by liquid chromatography (lc) with uv and ms detections. the analytes provided good signals corresponding to the protonated molecular ions [m+h](+) an ...201323561180
interaction between abscisic acid and nitric oxide in pb90-induced catharanthine biosynthesis of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures.elicitations are considered to be an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites of plant cell cultures. however, mechanisms responsible for the elicitor-induced production of secondary metabolites of plant cells have not yet been fully elucidated. here, we report that treatment of catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures with pb90, a protein elicitor from phytophthora boehmeriae, induced rapid increases of abscisic acid (aba) and nitric oxide (no), subsequently followe ...201323554409
cathacyc, a metabolic pathway database built from catharanthus roseus rna-seq data.the medicinal plant madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) synthesizes numerous terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias), such as the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the tia pathway operates in a complex metabolic network that steers plant growth and survival. pathway databases and metabolic networks reconstructed from 'omics' sequence data can help to discover missing enzymes, study metabolic pathway evolution and, ultimately, engineer metabolic pathways. to date, such databases hav ...201323493402
structures and biomimetic synthesis of novel α-pyrone polyketides of an endophytic penicillium sp. in catharanthus roseus.novel polyketides, citreoviripyrone a (1) and b (2), known citreomontanin (3), and (-)-citreoviridin (4) were isolated from the mycelium of the endophytic fungus. the endophytic fungus, which belongs to the genus penicillium, was separated from surface-sterilized healthy leaves of catharanthus roseus. the structures of 1 and 2 were determined on the basis of nmr data, and 1 was characterized as an α-pyrone polyketide featuring bicyclo[4.2.0]octadiene. the biomimetic synthesis of 1 and 2 from 3 e ...201323405967
simple and rapid biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using dried leaves of catharanthus roseus. linn. g. donn and its anti microbial activity.nanoparticles have been used to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug molecules. the plant extracts are eco-friendly, economical and cost effective for synthesis of large scale of nanoparticles. in this paper we represent the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) from room dried leaves of vinca rosea. the agnps were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy. the agnps are crystalline in nature, were determined from scanning electron microsco ...201323376746
abnormalities in carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in high-fructose dietfed insulin-resistant rats: amelioration by catharanthus roseus treatments.high intake of dietary fructose has been shown to exert a number of adverse metabolic effects in humans and experimental animals. the present study was proposed to elucidate the effect of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) leaf powder treatment on alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in rats fed with high-fructose diet. male wistar rats of body weight around 180 g were divided into four groups, two of these groups (groups c and c+cr) were fed with standard pellet diet and the other two ...201323334857
in vitro plant propagation of catharanthus roseus and assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants by rapd marker assay.an investigation was carried out to develop an efficient micropropagation protocol for catharanthus roseus. experiments were conducted to optimize suitable media for in vitro shoot multiplication and root induction. out of the different media compared for in vitro shoot multiplication, murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 1 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.2 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid showed better response in terms of the emergence of shoots from axillary buds as well as prolif ...201323292901
functional characterization of amyrin synthase involved in ursolic acid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus leaf epidermis.catharanthus roseus accumulates high levels of the pentacyclic triterpene, ursolic acid, as a component of its wax exudate on the leaf surface. bioinformatic analyses of transcripts derived from the leaf epidermis provide evidence for the specialized role of this tissue in the biosynthesis of ursolic acid. cloning and functional expression in yeast of a triterpene synthase derived from this tissue showed it to be predominantly an α-amyrin synthase (cras), since the α-amyrin to β-amyrin reaction ...201322652241
virus-induced gene silencing identifies catharanthus roseus 7-deoxyloganic acid-7-hydroxylase, a step in iridoid and monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.iridoids are a major group of biologically active molecules that are present in thousands of plant species, and one versatile iridoid, secologanin, is a precursor for the assembly of thousands of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias) as well as a number of quinoline alkaloids. this study uses bioinformatics to screen large databases of annotated transcripts from various mia-producing plant species to select candidate genes that may be involved in iridoid biosynthesis. virus-induced gene silencin ...201324103035
[identification and expression analysis of wrky transcription factors in medicinal plant catharanthus roseus].wrky transcription factors, one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants, involve in multiple life activities including plant growth and development as well as stress responses. however, little is known about the types and functions of wrky transcription factors in catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant. in this study, we identified 47 crwrky transcriptional factors from 26 009 proteins in catharanthus roseus, and classified them into three distinct groups (g1, ...201324063238
catharanthus roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 confers uv and heat tolerance to saccharomyces cerevisiae.catharanthus roseus is an important source of pharmaceutically important monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias). accumulation of many of the mias is induced in response to abiotic stresses such as wound, ultra violet (uv) irradiations, etc. recently, we have demonstrated a possible role of crmpk3, a c. roseus mitogen-activated protein kinase in stress-induced accumulation of a few mias. here, we extend our findings using saccharomyces cerevisiae to investigate the role of crmpk3 in giving toleran ...201323221751
geraniol hydroxylase and hydroxygeraniol oxidase activities of the cyp76 family of cytochrome p450 enzymes and potential for engineering the early steps of the (seco)iridoid pathway.the geraniol-derived (seco)iridoid skeleton is a precursor for a large group of bioactive compounds with diverse therapeutic applications, including the widely used anticancer molecule vinblastine. despite of this economic prospect, the pathway leading to iridoid biosynthesis from geraniol is still unclear. the first geraniol hydroxylation step has been reported to be catalyzed by cytochrome p450 enzymes such as cyp76b6 from catharanthus roseus and cyp76c1 from arabidopsis thaliana. in the prese ...201323933465
comprehensive protein-based artificial microrna screens for effective gene silencing in plants.artificial microrna (amirna) approaches offer a powerful strategy for targeted gene manipulation in any plant species. however, the current unpredictability of amirna efficacy has limited broad application of this promising technology. to address this, we developed epitope-tagged protein-based amirna (etpamir) screens, in which target mrnas encoding epitope-tagged proteins were constitutively or inducibly coexpressed in protoplasts with amirna candidates targeting single or multiple genes. this ...201323645631
divergent dna-binding specificities of a group of ethylene response factor transcription factors involved in plant defense.transcription factors (tfs) recognize target dna sequences with distinct dna-binding domains (dbds). the dbd of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) ethylene response factor1 (aterf1) uses three consecutive β-strands to recognize a gcc-containing sequence, but tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) erf189 and periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) octadecanoid-derivative responsive catharanthus ap2-domain protein3 (orca3) of the same tf subgroup appear to target similar but divergent dna sequences. here, we examin ...201323629834
biochemical evaluation of the decarboxylation and decarboxylation-deamination activities of plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases.plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (aaad) enzymes are capable of catalyzing either decarboxylation or decarboxylation-deamination on various combinations of aromatic amino acid substrates. these two different activities result in the production of arylalkylamines and the formation of aromatic acetaldehydes, respectively. variations in product formation enable individual enzymes to play different physiological functions. despite these catalytic variations, arylalkylamine and aldehyde synthes ...201323204519
exotic and indigenous problem plants species used, by the bapedi, to treat sexually transmitted infections in limpopo province, south africa.the ethnic usage of exotics and indigenous problem plants is a highly debated topic, as legislative requirements over-shadow their potential medicinal value, particularly to treat sexually transmitted infections (stis). limited information exists regarding their medicinal value among the bapedi.201324235930
reverse zymography alone does not confirm presence of a protease inhibitor.reverse zymography is applied for identification and semi-quantification of protease inhibitors that are of protein in nature. however, a protein that shows band in reverse zymography against a protease used for digestion of the gel need not be an inhibitor; it might be resistant to degradation by the protease. we demonstrate that in reverse zymography, avidin, streptavidin and the leaf extract of catharanthus roseus behave like inhibitors of proteases like papain, ficin, bromelain extracts from ...201323417772
efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against anopheles stephensi liston and culex quinquefasciatus say (diptera: culicidae).to investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activities of aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) against malaria and filariasis vectors.201323790333
larvicidal efficacy of catharanthus roseus linn. (family: apocynaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide bacillus thuringiensis against anopheles stephensi liston.to explore the larvicidal activity of catharanthus roseus (c. roseus) leaf extract and bacillus thuringiensis (b. thuringiensis) against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi), when being used alone or together.201324083578
complete nucleotide sequences of two begomoviruses infecting madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus) from pakistan.though catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle) is an ornamental plant, it is famous for its medicinal value. its alkaloids are known for anti-cancerous properties, and this plant is studied mainly for its alkaloids. here, this plant has been studied for its viral diseases. complete dna sequences of two begomoviruses infecting c. roseus originating from pakistan were determined. the sequence of one begomovirus (clone kn4) shows the highest level of nucleotide sequence identity (86.5 %) to an ...201323065111
colonization of madagascar periwinkle (catharanthus roseus), by endophytes encoding gfp marker.this study reports the introduction of gfp marker in two endophytic bacterial strains (pantoea agglomerans c33.1, isolated from cocoa, and enterobacter cloacae pr2/7, isolated from citrus) to monitor the colonization in madagascar perinwinkle (catharanthus roseus). stability of the plasmid encoding gfp was confirmed in vitro for at least 72 h of bacterial growth and after the colonization of tissues, under non-selective conditions. the colonization was observed using fluorescence microscopy and ...201323695435
heteromeric and homomeric geranyl diphosphate synthases from catharanthus roseus and their role in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis.catharanthus roseus is the sole source of two most important monoterpene indole alkaloid (mia) anti-cancer agents: vinblastine and vincristine. mias possess a terpene and an indole moiety derived from terpenoid and shikimate pathways, respectively. geranyl diphosphate (gpp), the entry point to the formation of terpene moiety, is a product of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate (ipp) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp) by gpp synthase (gpps). here, we report three genes encoding protein ...201323543438
isolation, purification and characterization of vinblastine and vincristine from endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum isolated from catharanthus roseus.endophytic fungi reside in a symbiotic fashion inside their host plants, mimic their chemistry and interestingly, produce the same natural products as their hosts and are thus being screened for the production of valuable compounds like taxol, camptothecin, podophyllotoxin, etc. vinblastine and vincristine are excellent anti-cancer drugs but their current production using plants is non-abundant and expensive. in order to make these drugs readily available to the patients at affordable prices, we ...201324066024
purification and partial characterization of microsomal cytochrome b555 from the higher plant catharanthus roseus.microsomal b-type hemoprotein designated, cytochrome b555 of c.roseus seedlings was solubilized using detergents and purified by a combination of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration to a specific content of 18.5 nmol per mg of protein. the purified cytochrome b555 was homogeneous and estimated to have an apparent molecular weight of 16500 on sds-page. the absorption spectrum of the reduced form has major peaks at 424, 525 and 555 nm. the alpha-band of the reduced form is asymmetric wi ...20133754748
assay of tryptophan decarboxylase from catharanthus roseus plant cell cultures by high-performance liquid chromatography.an assay is described for the enzyme tryptophan decarboxylase from plant cell suspension cultures. it is based on the fluorometric detection of tryptamine by hplc on a lichrosorb rp-8 select b column. tryptophan decarboxylase from catharanthus roseus was induced by transferring 14-day-old cells into an induction medium. optimum activity was found 2 days after transfer, the increase being 5- to 10-fold. when kept at -15 degrees c the crude enzyme lost half its activity in about 7 days. the rate o ...20133688427
evidence of phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols in the growth cycle of suspension cultured plant cells.suspension cultured cells of catharanthus roseus rapidly consume the inorganic phosphate of the medium and incorporate about 25% of it into their phospholipids. by three different methods of analysis it was shown that from these plant cells phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol species can be extracted; the mono- and diphosphorylated species were detected in amounts of about 7 and 1%, respectively, of the phosphatidylinositol fraction. autoradiography of 32p-labeled phospholipids showed that espec ...20143947362
adaptation of lettuce mosaic virus to catharanthus roseus involves mutations in the central domain of the vpg.an isolate of lettuce mosaic virus (lmv, a potyvirus) infecting madagascar periwinckle (catharanthus roseus) was identified and characterized by illumina deep sequencing. lmv-cr has no close affinities to previously sequenced lmv isolates and represents a novel, divergent lmv clade. inoculation experiments with other representative lmv isolates showed that they are unable to infect c. roseus, which was not known to be a host for lmv. however, three c. roseus variants of one of these isolates, lm ...201424400938
selection and validation of reference genes for transcript normalization in gene expression studies in catharanthus roseus.quantitative real-time pcr (qpcr), a sensitive and commonly used technique for gene expression analysis, requires stably expressed reference genes for normalization of gene expression. up to now, only one reference gene for qpcr analysis, corresponding to 40s ribosomal protein s9 (rps9), was available for the medicinal plant catharanthus roseus, the only source of the commercial anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. here, we screened for additional reference genes for this plant species ...201425058454
analyses of catharanthus roseus and arabidopsis thaliana wrky transcription factors reveal involvement in jasmonate signaling.to combat infection to biotic stress plants elicit the biosynthesis of numerous natural products, many of which are valuable pharmaceutical compounds. jasmonate is a central regulator of defense response to pathogens and accumulation of specialized metabolites. catharanthus roseus produces a large number of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) and is an excellent model for understanding the regulation of this class of valuable compounds. recent work illustrates a possible role for the catharanthus ...201424950738
zct1 and zct2 transcription factors repress the activity of a gene promoter from the methyl erythritol phosphate pathway in madagascar periwinkle cells.in catharanthus roseus, accumulating data highlighted the existence of a coordinated transcriptional regulation of structural genes that takes place within the secoiridoid biosynthetic branch, including the methyl erythritol phosphate (mep) pathway and the following steps leading to secologanin. to identify transcription factors acting in these pathways, we performed a yeast one-hybrid screening using as bait a promoter region of the hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase (hds) gene involve ...201425108262
7-deoxyloganetic acid synthase catalyzes a key 3 step oxidation to form 7-deoxyloganetic acid in catharanthus roseus iridoid biosynthesis.iridoids are key intermediates required for the biosynthesis of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), as well as quinoline alkaloids. although most iridoid biosynthetic genes have been identified, one remaining three step oxidation required to form the carboxyl group of 7-deoxyloganetic acid has yet to be characterized. here, it is reported that virus-induced gene silencing of 7-deoxyloganetic acid synthase (7dls, cyp76a26) in catharanthus roseus greatly decreased levels of secologanin and the ...201424594312
useful ethnophytomedicinal recipes of angiosperms used against diabetes in south east asian countries (india, pakistan & sri lanka).this paper is based on data recorded from various literatures pertaining to ethnophytomedicinal recipes used against diabetes in south east asia (india, pakistan and srilanka). traditional plant treatments have been used throughout the world for the therapy of diabetes mellitus. in total 419 useful phytorecipes of 270 plant species belonging to 74 angiospermic families were collected. from the review it was revealed that plants showing hypoglycemic potential mainly belong to the families, cucurb ...201425176368
effect of chromium on antioxidant potential of catharanthus roseus varieties and production of their anticancer alkaloids: vincristine and vinblastine.catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, a medicinal plant, has a very important place in the traditional as well as modern pharmaceutical industry. two common varieties of this plant rosea and alba are named so because of pink and white coloured flowers, respectively. this plant comprises of about 130 terpenoid indole alkaloids and two of them, vincristine and vinblastine, are common anticancer drugs. the effect of chromium (cr) on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components and on secondary met ...201424734252
engineering the mep pathway enhanced ajmalicine biosynthesis.the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (mep) pathway genes encoding dxr and mecs from taxus species and str from catharanthus roseus were used to genetically modify the ajmalicine biosynthetic pathway in hairy root cultures of c. roseus. as expected, the str-overexpressed root cultures showed twofold higher accumulation of ajmalicine than the control. it was important to discover that overexpression of the single dxr or mecs gene from the mep pathway also remarkably enhanced ajmalicine biosynth ...201424237015
medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in kakamega county, kenya.traditional medicine plays a critical role in treatment of chronic debilitating and life threatening conditions and diseases. cancer is one such condition whose therapeutic intervention is commonly through inexpensive traditional herbal remedies. increasingly industrialised societies are developing drugs and chemotherapeutics from these traditional herbal plants. plant biogeography determines the abundance and availability of medicinal plants which in turn determine their use by local communitie ...201424362078
biochemical and ultrastructural changes in sida cordifolia l. and catharanthus roseus l. to auto pollution.auto pollution is the by-product of our mechanized mobility, which adversely affects both plant and human life. however, plants growing in the urban locations provide a great respite to us from the brunt of auto pollution by absorbing the pollutants at their foliar surface. foliar surface configuration and biochemical changes in plant species, namely, sida cordifolia l. and catharanthus roseus l. grown at roadside (polluted site 1, talkatora; polluted site 2, charbagh) in lucknow city and in the ...201427355010
transcriptome analysis of catharanthus roseus for gene discovery and expression profiling.the medicinal plant, catharanthus roseus, accumulates wide range of terpenoid indole alkaloids, which are well documented therapeutic agents. in this study, deep transcriptome sequencing of c. roseus was carried out to identify the pathways and enzymes (genes) involved in biosynthesis of these compounds. about 343 million reads were generated from different tissues (leaf, flower and root) of c. roseus using illumina platform. optimization of de novo assembly involving a two-step process resulted ...201425072156
jasmonic acid effect on the fatty acid and terpenoid indole alkaloid accumulation in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus.the stress response after jasmonic acid (ja) treatment was studied in cell suspension cultures of catharanthus roseus. the effect of ja on the primary and secondary metabolism was based on changes in profiles of fatty acids (fa) and terpenoid indole alkaloids (tia). according to multivariate data analyses (mvda), three major time events were observed and characterized according to the variations of specific fa and tia: after 0-30 min of induction fa such as c18:1, c20:0, c22:0 and c24:0 were hig ...201425029072
arabidopsis cap1-mediated ammonium sensing required reactive oxygen species in plant cell growth.[ca (2+)]cyt-associated protein kinase (cap) gene 1 is a receptor-like kinase that belongs to crrlk1l (catharanthus roseus receptor like kinase) subfamily. cap1 has been identified as a novel modulator of nh 4(+) in the tonoplast, which regulates root hair growth by maintaining the cytoplasmic ca (2+) gradients. different expression pattern of tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip2;3) in the cap1 knock out mutant and wild type on murashige and skoog (ms) medium suggested that cap1 influences transpor ...201424940875
study of the effect of nickel heavy metals on some physiological parameters of catharanthus roseus.plants, in their life cycle, are usually exposed to various kinds of non-biological stresses including heavy metals. one of these heavy metals is nickel which affects many physiological processes of plants. studies have shown that the changes in planting conditions can affect the qualitative and quantitative features of catharanthus roseus; therefore, creating stressful conditions (e.g. nicl2) can be an effective way to investigate the changes. in this research, we investigated the effect of 0, ...201424870880
identification of a human abcc10 orthologue in catharanthus roseus reveals a u12-type intron determinant for the n-terminal domain feature.abc (atp-binding cassette) transporters are members of a large superfamily of proteins that utilize atp hydrolysis to translocate a wide range of substrates across biological membranes. in general, members of c subfamily (abcc) are structurally characterized by an additional (n-terminal) transmembrane domain (tmd0). phylogenetic analysis of plant abccs separates their protein sequences into three distinct clusters: i and ii are plant specific whereas cluster iii contains both human and plant abc ...201424840820
evaluation of the nutritive and organoleptic values of food products developed by incorporated catharanthus roseus (sadabahar) fresh leaves explore their hypoglycemic potential.diabetes becomes a real problem of public health in developing countries, where its prevalence is increasing steadily. diabetes mellitus can be found in almost every population in the world. since the ayurvedic practice started in india, plants are being used in the cure of diseases. although the catharanthus roseus have been used for their alleged health benefits and avail their hypoglycemic effect, used as medicine by diabetics. medicinal plants have rarely been incorporated in food preparatio ...201424790561
a look inside an alkaloid multisite plant: the catharanthus logistics.environmental pressures forced plants to diversify specialized metabolisms to accumulate noxious molecules such as alkaloids constituting one of the largest classes of defense metabolites. catharanthus roseus produces monoterpene indole alkaloids via a highly elaborated biosynthetic pathway whose characterization greatly progressed with the recent expansion of transcriptomic resources. the complex architecture of this pathway, sequentially distributed in at least four cell types and further comp ...201424727073
suppression of aggressive strains of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' by mild strains in catharanthus roseus and nicotiana occidentalis and indication of similar action in apple trees.to study antagonistic interactions of 'candidatus phytoplasma mali' strains, graft inoculation of catharanthus roseus and nicotiana occidentalis was performed with mild strains 1/93vin and 1/93tab as suppressors and three aggressive strains as challengers. inoculation of the suppressors was carried out in either the cross-protection modus prior to grafting of the challengers or by co-inoculating suppressors and challengers. monitoring using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays re ...201424724815
the seco-iridoid pathway from catharanthus roseus.the (seco)iridoids and their derivatives, the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), form two large families of plant-derived bioactive compounds with a wide spectrum of high-value pharmacological and insect-repellent activities. vinblastine and vincristine, mias used as anticancer drugs, are produced by catharanthus roseus in extremely low levels, leading to high market prices and poor availability. their biotechnological production is hampered by the fragmentary knowledge of their biosynthesis ...201424710322
correspondence between flowers and leaves in terpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism of the phytoplasma-infected catharanthus roseus plants.several plants of catharanthus roseus cv 'leafless inflorescence (lli)' showing phenotype of phytoplasma infection were observed for symptoms of early flowering, virescence, phyllody, and apical clustering of branches. symptomatic plants were studied for the presence/absence and identity of phytoplasma in flowers. transcription levels of several genes involved in plants' metabolism and development, accumulation of pharmaceutically important terpenoid indole alkaloids in flowers and leaves and va ...201424658891
the improved resistance to high salinity induced by trehalose is associated with ionic regulation and osmotic adjustment in catharanthus roseus.the effects of exogenous trehalose (tre) on salt tolerance of pharmaceutical plant catharanthus roseus and the physiological mechanisms were both investigated in this study. the results showed that the supplement of tre in saline condition (250 mm nacl) largely alleviated the inhibitory effects of salinity on plant growth, namely biomass accumulation and total leaf area per plant. in this saline condition, the decreased level of relative water content (rwc) and photosynthetic rate were also grea ...201424589477
high-throughput transcriptome analysis of the leafy flower transition of catharanthus roseus induced by peanut witches'-broom phytoplasma infection.peanut witches'-broom (pnwb) phytoplasma are obligate bacteria that cause leafy flower symptoms in catharanthus roseus. the pnwb-mediated leafy flower transitions were studied to understand the mechanisms underlying the pathogen-host interaction; however, our understanding is limited because of the lack of information on the c. roseus genome. in this study, the whole-transcriptome profiles from healthy flowers (hfs) and stage 4 (s4) pnwb-infected leafy flowers of c. roseus were investigated usin ...201424492256
large scale in-silico identification and characterization of simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from de novo assembled transcriptome of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don.transcriptomic data of c. roseus offering ample sequence resources for providing better insights into gene diversity: large resource of genic ssr markers to accelerate genomic studies and breeding in catharanthus . next-generation sequencing is an efficient system for generating high-throughput complete transcripts/genes and developing molecular markers. we present here the transcriptome sequencing of a 26-day-old catharanthus roseus seedling tissue using illumina gaiix platform that resulted in ...201424482265
arabidopsis cap1-mediated ammonium sensing required reactive oxygen species in plant cell growth.[ca(2+)]cyt-associated protein kinase (cap) gene 1 is a receptor-like kinase that belongs to crrlk1l (catharanthus roseus receptor like kinase) subfamily. cap1 has been identified as a novel modulator of nh4(+) in the tonoplast, which regulates root hair growth by maintaining the cytoplasmic ca(2+) gradients. different expression pattern of tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip2;3) in the cap1 knock out mutant and wild type on murashige and skoog (ms) medium suggested that cap1 influences transport a ...201425763633
simultaneous quantitative determination of five alkaloids in catharanthus roseus by hplc-esi-ms/ms.to establish a method to simultaneously determine the main five alkaloids of catharanthus roseus for trace samples, a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-esi-ms/ms) analysis method was developed.201425443373
effect of gloriosa superba and catharanthus roseus extracts on ifn-γ-induced keratin 17 expression in hacat human keratinocytes.gloriosa superba and catharanthus roseus are useful in traditional medicine for treatment of various skin diseases and cancer. however, their molecular effect on psoriasis has not been investigated. in this study, the effect of ethanol extracts derived from g. superba leaves and c. roseus stems on the expression of psoriatic marker, keratin 17 (k17), was investigated in human keratinocytes using biochemical and molecular experimental approaches. both extracts could reduce the expression of k17 i ...201425435888
salicylic acid alters antioxidant and phenolics metabolism in catharanthus roseus grown under salinity stress.salicylic acid (sa) acts as a potential non-enzymatic antioxidant and a plant growth regulator, which plays a major role in regulating various plant physiological mechanisms. the effects of salicylic acid (sa; 0.05 mm) on physiological parameters, antioxidative capacity and phenolic metabolism, lignin, alkaloid accumulation in salt stressed catharanthus roseus were investigated.201425395715
antagonism of ca2+ influx via l-type ca2+ channels mediates the vasorelaxant effect of catharanthus roseus-derived vindorosine in rat renal artery.catharanthus roseus is a traditional herbal medicine used in asian and african countries for the treatment of various diseases including hypertension. the present study examined possible cellular mechanisms for the relaxation of rat renal arteries induced by vindorosine extracted from c. roseus. intrarenal arteries were isolated from 200-300 g male sprague-dawley rats and treated with different pharmacological blockers and inhibitors for the measurement of vascular reactivity on a multi myograph ...201425340466
somatic embryo mediated mass production of catharanthus roseus in culture vessel (bioreactor) - a comparative study.the purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the use of liquid and solid murashige and skoog (ms) medium in different culture vessels for mass production of catharanthus roseus, an important source of anticancerous compounds, vincristine and vinblastine. three media conditions i.e. agar-solidified medium (s), liquid medium in agitated conical flask (l) and growtek bioreactor (b) were used. rapid propagation was achieved through in vitro somatic embryogenesis pathway. the process of embr ...201425313279
an abundant 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' tuf b strain is associated with grapevine, stinging nettle and hyalesthes obsoletus.bois noir (bn) associated with 'candidatus phytoplasma solani' (stolbur) is regularly found in austrian vine growing regions. investigations between 2003 and 2008 indicated sporadic presence of the confirmed disease vector hyalesthes obsoletus and frequent infections of bindweed and grapevine. infections of nettles were rare. in contrast present investigations revealed a mass occurrence of h. obsoletus almost exclusively on stinging nettle. the high population densities of h. obsoletus on urtica ...201425309042
iridoid synthase activity is common among the plant progesterone 5β-reductase family.catharanthus roseus, the madagascar periwinkle, synthesizes bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, among which the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway leads to the secoiridoid secologanin and involves the enzyme iridoid synthase (is), a member of the progesterone 5β-reductase (p5βr) family. is reduces 8-oxogeranial to iridodial. through transcriptome mining, we show that is belongs to a family of six c. roseus p5βr genes. characteris ...201425239067
biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids in catharanthus roseus.catharanthus roseus is one of the most extensively investigated medicinal plants, which can produce more than 130 alkaloids, including the powerful antitumor drugs vinblastine and vincristine. here we review the recent advances in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) in c. roseus, and the identification and characterization of the corresponding enzymes involved in this pathway. strictosidine is the central intermediate in the biosynthesis of different tias, which is form ...201425159992
investigation of a substrate-specifying residue within papaver somniferum and catharanthus roseus aromatic amino acid decarboxylases.plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases (aaads) catalyze the decarboxylation of aromatic amino acids with either benzene or indole rings. because the substrate selectivity of aaads is intimately related to their physiological functions, primary sequence data and their differentiation could provide significant physiological insights. however, due to general high sequence identity, plant aaad substrate specificities have been difficult to identify through primary sequence comparison. in this stud ...201425107664
medicinal plants cultivated in bapedi traditional healers homegardens, limpopo province, south africa.plants used for medicinal purposes are very common feature in bapedi traditional healer's home-gardens, but information about their diversity and application is not available.201425395716
oxidative stress and production of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids: biotechnological implications.monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) encompass plant natural products with important pharmacological relevance. they include the anti-tumoral mias found in catharanthus roseus and camptotheca acuminata. the often low yields of bioactive alkaloids in plants has prompted research to identify the factors regulating mia production. oxidative stress is a general response associated with biotic and abiotic stresses leading to several secondary responses, including elicitation of mia production. these c ...201424062135
enhancement of vindoline and vinblastine production in suspension-cultured cells of catharanthus roseus by artemisinic acid elicitation.elicitation is an important strategy to improve production of secondary metabolites in vitro. artemisinic acid was studied as a novel elicitor to enhance the yield of terpenoid indole alkaloids in the present paper. our results demonstrated that the concentrations of vindoline and vinblastine were increased by sixfold and twofold, respectively, compared to those of the control group after treatment with artemisinic acid. to elucidate the underlying mechanism, we investigated the gene expression ...201423864440
optimizing the transient fast agro-mediated seedling transformation (fast) method in catharanthus roseus seedlings.an agro-mediated transformation method has been adapted in catharanthus roseus seedlings for transient overexpression. our results suggest that agro-mediated methods may induce defense-related genes, which should be considered in its application. the fast agro-mediated seedling transformation (fast) method, which involves the co-cultivation and transient transformation of young seedlings with agrobacterium, was adapted and optimized in catharanthus roseus. we investigated the optimal conditions ...201424085309
catharanthus alkaloids xxxiii. 21'oxo-leurosine from catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae). 20147400819
catharanthus alkaloids. xxxv. isolation of leurosidine n'b-oxide from catharanthus roseus. 20147320741
isolation of vindoline from catharanthus roseus by supercritical fluid extraction.vindoline was extracted from the leaves of catharanthus roseus over the ranges of 35-70 degrees c and 100-300 bar using supercritical carbon dioxide with and without the addition of 3 wt % ethanol as a cosolvent. the vindoline contents in the extracts were determined by hplc and identified by lc/ms. the remarkable highest vindoline concentration, 58 wt %, was obtained at the lowest temperature, 35 degrees c, and the highest pressure, 300 bar, of this study. the use of a cosolvent only slightly i ...20151369042
optimisation of supercritical fluid extraction of indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus using experimental design methodology--comparison with other extraction techniques.response surface modelling, using modde 6 software for design of experiments and optimisation, was applied to optimise supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) conditions for the extraction of indole alkaloids from the dried leaves of catharanthus roseus. the effects of pressure (200-400 bar), temperature (40-80 degrees c), modifier concentration (2.2-6.6 vol%) and dynamic extraction time (20-60 min) on the yield of alkaloids were evaluated. the extracts were analysed by high-performance liquid chro ...201517654538
continuous selective extraction of secondary metabolites from catharanthus roseus hairy roots with silicon oil in a two-liquid-phase bioreactor.a two-liquid-phase bioreactor was designed to extract indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus hairy roots with silicon oil. partition studies between silicon oil and culture medium showed that the silicon oil did not alter the availability of nutrients. the affinity of tabersonine and löchnericine for silicon oil is nine times higher than for the aqueous phase. cultures were elicited with 25 mg/l of jasmonic acid. the growth of the hairy roots was not significantly modified by the presence of ...201512363351
de novo production of the plant-derived alkaloid strictosidine in yeast.the monoterpene indole alkaloids are a large group of plant-derived specialized metabolites, many of which have valuable pharmaceutical or biological activity. there are ∼3,000 monoterpene indole alkaloids produced by thousands of plant species in numerous families. the diverse chemical structures found in this metabolite class originate from strictosidine, which is the last common biosynthetic intermediate for all monoterpene indole alkaloid enzymatic pathways. reconstitution of biosynthetic pa ...201525675512
completion of the seven-step pathway from tabersonine to the anticancer drug precursor vindoline and its assembly in yeast.antitumor substances related to vinblastine and vincristine are exclusively found in the catharanthus roseus (madagascar periwinkle), a member of the apocynaceae plant family, and continue to be extensively used in cancer chemotherapy. although in high demand, these valuable compounds only accumulate in trace amounts in c. roseus leaves. vinblastine and vincristine are condensed from the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid (mia) precursors catharanthine and vindoline. although catharanthine biosynthes ...201525918424
morphogenetic and chemical stability of long-term maintained agrobacterium-mediated transgenic catharanthus roseus plants.transgenic catharanthus roseus plants (transgenic dhawal [dt] and transgenic nirmal [nt]) obtained from the agrobacterium tumefaciens and agrobacterium rhizognenes-mediated transformations, respectively, have been maintained in vitro for 5 years. plants were studied at regular intervals for various parameters such as plant height, leaf size, multiplication rate, alkaloid profile and presence of marker genes. dt plant gradually lost the gus gene expression and it was not detected in the fifth yea ...201525102992
effects of adding vindoline and meja on production of vincristine and vinblastine, and transcription of their biosynthetic genes in the cultured cmcs of catharanthus roseus.vincristine and vinblastine were found by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) in catharanthus roseuscambial meristem cells (cmcs) jointly treated with 0.25 mm vindoline and methyl jasmonate (meja), suggesting that c. roseus cmcs contain a complete set of the enzymes which are in response to convert vindoline into vincristine and vinblastine. based on the facts that the transcript levels of vindoline-biosynthetic genes (str, sgd and d4h) were up-regulated instead of being down-regulat ...201526882673
monoterpenoid indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus cultivated in yunnan.a new monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, 15,20-dehydro-3α-(2-oxopropyl) coronaridine (1), along with sixteen analogues (2-17) were isolated from the leaves of catharanthus roseus cultivated in yunnan. the new alkaloid was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the known alkaloids were identified by comparison with the reported spectroscopic data. among them, alkaloid 16 was isolated from catharanthus for the first time.201526882670
a pilot study of antioxidant potential of endophytic fungi from some sudanese medicinal plants.to evaluate the total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extracts of 21 endophytic fungi isolated from five sudanese medicinal plants: calotropis procera, catharanthus roseus, euphorbia prostrate, vernonia amygdalina and trigonella foenum-graecum.201526433653
anti-diabetic potential of catharanthus roseus linn. and its effect on the glucose transport gene (glut-2 and glut-4) in streptozotocin induced diabetic wistar rats.catharanthus roseus is an important ayurvedic medication in traditional medicine. it is potentially used in countries like india, south africa, china and malaysia for the healing of diabetes mellitus. although, the molecular mechanisms behind this effect are yet to be exclusively explored. due to the great antidiabetic and hyperlipidemic potential of c. roseus, we hypothesized that the insulin mimetic effect of ethanolic extract of c. roseus might add to glucose uptake through improvement in the ...201526490765
crbpf1 overexpression alters transcript levels of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic and regulatory genes.terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus is a complex and highly regulated process. understanding the biochemistry and regulation of the tia pathway is of particular interest as it may allow the engineering of plants to accumulate higher levels of pharmaceutically important alkaloids. toward this end, we generated a transgenic c. roseus hairy root line that overexpresses the crbpf1 transcriptional activator under the control of a β-estradiol inducible promoter. crbpf1 ...201526483828
precursor feeding studies and molecular characterization of geraniol synthase establish the limiting role of geraniol in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus leaves.the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias) are generally derived from strictosidine, which is formed by condensation of the terpene moiety secologanin and the indole moiety tryptamine. there are conflicting reports on the limitation of either terpene or indole moiety in the production of mias in catharanthus roseus cell cultures. formation of geraniol by geraniol synthase (ges) is the first step in secologanin biosynthesis. in this study, feeding of c. roseus leaves with geraniol, but not tryptopha ...201526398791
receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase maris functions downstream of crrlk1l-dependent signaling during tip growth.growing plant cells need to rigorously coordinate external signals with internal processes. for instance, the maintenance of cell wall (cw) integrity requires the coordination of cw sensing with cw remodeling and biosynthesis to avoid growth arrest or integrity loss. despite the involvement of receptor-like kinases (rlks) of the catharanthus roseus rlk1-like (crrlk1l) subfamily and the reactive oxygen species-producing nadph oxidases, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. ...201526378127
over-expression of catharanthus roseus tryptophan decarboxylase and strictosidine synthase in rol gene integrated transgenic cell suspensions of vinca minor.tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) and strictosidine synthase (str) genes from catharanthus roseus have been successfully over-expressed in the rol gene integrated cell suspensions of v. minor. thirty seconds saat (sonication-assisted agrobacterium transformation) treatment of plant cell suspension with lba1119 having construct (<hpt-<tdc2-<str-gus>) generated three stable tdc + str over-expressing cell lines--pvg1, pvg2, and pvg3. the transgenes were confirmed by β-glucuronidase gus histochemical a ...201525106473
phytochemical genomics of the madagascar periwinkle: unravelling the last twists of the alkaloid engine.the madagascar periwinkle produces a large palette of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (mias), a class of complex alkaloids including some of the most valuable plant natural products with precious therapeutical values. evolutionary pressure on one of the hotspots of biodiversity has obviously turned this endemic malagasy plant into an innovative alkaloid engine. catharanthus is a unique taxon producing vinblastine and vincristine, heterodimeric mias with complex stereochemistry, and also manufactu ...201525146650
effects of ambient and elevated co2 on growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidants, and secondary metabolites of catharanthus roseus (l.) g don. grown under three different soil n levels.catharanthus roseus l. plants were grown under ambient (375 ± 30 ppm) and elevated (560 ± 25 ppm) concentrations of atmospheric co2 at different rates of n supply (without supplemental n, 0 kg n ha(-1); recommended n, 50 kg n ha(-1); and double recommended n, 100 kg n ha(-1)) in open top chambers under field condition. elevated co2 significantly increased photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic efficiency, and organic carbon content in leaves at recommended (rn) and double recommended n (drn), w ...201525304238
gene transcript profiles of the tia biosynthetic pathway in response to ethylene and copper reveal their interactive role in modulating tia biosynthesis in catharanthus roseus.research on transcriptional regulation of terpenoid indole alkaloid (tia) biosynthesis of the medicinal plant, catharanthus roseus, has largely been focused on gene function and not clustering analysis of multiple genes at the transcript level. here, more than ten key genes encoding key enzyme of alkaloid synthesis in tia biosynthetic pathways were chosen to investigate the integrative responses to exogenous elicitor ethylene and copper (cu) at both transcriptional and metabolic levels. the ethy ...201525344654
genome-wide identification and analysis of catharanthus roseus rlk1-like kinases in rice.a genome-wide survey of catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase1-like kinases (crrlk1ls) in rice revealed that the pattern of expression by some crrlk1ls is controlled by drought or circadian rhythms. this is probably accomplished through the functioning of gigantea ( osgi ). such findings provide a novel angle for using crrlk1ls to study the drought-stress response and circadian regulation. the 17 crrlk1l members of a novel rlk family have been identified in arabidopsis. each carries a putativ ...201525399351
boosting sensitivity in liquid chromatography-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry for product ion analysis of monoterpene indole alkaloids.in metabolomics, the analysis of product ions in tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) is noteworthy to chemically assign structural information. however, the development of relevant analytical methods are less advanced. here, we developed a method to boost sensitivity in liquid chromatography-fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ms/ms boost analysis). to verify the ms/ms boost analysis, both quercetin and uniformly labeled (13)c quercetin were analyzed, reveal ...201526734034
intraspecific differentiation of hancornia speciosa revealed by simple sequence repeat and random amplified polymorphic dna markers.hancornia speciosa, popularly known as mangabeira, is a fruit tree native to the brazilian cerrado that shows great economic potential, due to its multiple uses. intraspecific classification of this species is difficult because it shows high morphological diversity. an early study of the species reported that there are six botanic varieties that differ morphologically mainly in the shapes of their leaves and flowers. except to note the wide morphological variation and economic potential of this ...201526662392
effects of β-cyclodextrin and methyl jasmonate on the production of vindoline, catharanthine, and ajmalicine in catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cell cultures.long-term stable cell growth and production of vindoline, catharanthine, and ajmalicine of cambial meristematic cells (cmcs) from catharanthus roseus were observed after 2 years of culture. c. roseus cmcs were treated with β-cyclodextrin (β-cd) and methyl jasmonate (meja) individually or in combination and were cultured both in conventional erlenmeyer flasks (100, 250, and 500 ml) and in a 5-l stirred hybrid airlift bioreactor. cmcs of c. roseus cultured in the bioreactor showed higher yields of ...201525981997
ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers of north tripura district, tripura, north east india.information about ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers in tripura, india is very much limited. as there is rapid erosion of traditional knowledge in the state, needs has arisen to document the diversity of medicinal plants, their preparation and associated diseases.201525794807
unlocking the diversity of alkaloids in catharanthus roseus: nuclear localization suggests metabolic channeling in secondary metabolism.the extraordinary chemical diversity of the plant-derived monoterpene indole alkaloids, which include vinblastine, quinine, and strychnine, originates from a single biosynthetic intermediate, strictosidine aglycone. here we report for the first time the cloning of a biosynthetic gene and characterization of the corresponding enzyme that acts at this crucial branchpoint. this enzyme, an alcohol dehydrogenase homolog, converts strictosidine aglycone to the heteroyohimbine-type alkaloid tetrahydroa ...201525772467
genome-guided investigation of plant natural product biosynthesis.the medicinal plant madagascar periwinkle, catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don, produces hundreds of biologically active monoterpene-derived indole alkaloid (mia) metabolites and is the sole source of the potent, expensive anti-cancer compounds vinblastine and vincristine. access to a genome sequence would enable insights into the biochemistry, control, and evolution of genes responsible for mia biosynthesis. however, generation of a near-complete, scaffolded genome is prohibitive to small research ...201525759247
indole alkaloids from catharanthus roseus: bioproduction and their effect on human health.catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant belonging to the family apocynaceae which produces terpenoid indole alkaloids (tias) of high medicinal importance. indeed, a number of activities like antidiabetic, bactericide and antihypertensive are linked to c. roseus. nevertheless, the high added value of this plant is based on its enormous pharmaceutical interest, producing more than 130 tias, some of which exhibit strong pharmacological activities. the most striking biological activity investigated ...201525685907
"self" and "non-self" in the control of phytoalexin biosynthesis: plant phospholipases a2 with alkaloid-specific molecular fingerprints.the overproduction of specialized metabolites requires plants to manage the inherent burdens, including the risk of self-intoxication. we present a control mechanism that stops the expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes by blocking the antecedent signal transduction cascade. cultured cells of eschscholzia californica (papaveraceae) and catharanthus roseus (apocynaceae) overproduce benzophenanthridine alkaloids and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, respectively, in response to microbial eli ...201525670767
vindogentianine, a hypoglycemic alkaloid from catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don (apocynaceae).vindogentianine, a new indole alkaloid together with six known alkaloids, vindoline, vindolidine, vindolicine, vindolinine, perivine and serpentine were isolated from leaf extract (da) of catharanthus roseus (l.) g. don. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods; nmr, ms, uv and ir. vindogentianine is a dimer containing a vindoline moiety coupled to a gentianine moiety. after 24h incubation, vindogentianine exhibited no cytotoxic effect in c2c12 mouse myoblast and β-tc6 mouse pan ...201525665941
relative mass defect filtering of mass spectra: a path to discovery of plant specialized metabolites.the rapid identification of novel plant metabolites and assignments of newly discovered substances to natural product classes present the main bottlenecks to defining plant specialized phenotypes. although mass spectrometry provides powerful support for metabolite discovery by measuring molecular masses, ambiguities in elemental formulas often fail to reveal the biosynthetic origins of specialized metabolites detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. a promising approach for mining ...201525659383
characterization of 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase from catharanthus roseus reveals cascaded enzymatic activity in iridoid biosynthesis.catharanthus roseus [l.] is a major source of the monoterpene indole alkaloids (mias), which are of significant interest due to their therapeutic value. these molecules are formed through an intermediate, cis-trans-nepetalactol, a cyclized product of 10-oxogeranial. one of the key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mias is an nad(p)(+) dependent oxidoreductase system, 10-hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase (cr10hgo), which catalyses the formation of 10-oxogeranial from 10-hydroxygeraniol via 10-o ...201525651761
iridoid synthase activity is common among the plant progesterone 5β-reductase family.catharanthus roseus, the madagascar periwinkle, synthesizes bioactive monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, including the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. the monoterpenoid branch of the alkaloid pathway leads to the secoiridoid secologanin and involves the enzyme iridoid synthase (is), a member of the progesterone 5β-reductase (p5βr) family. is reduces 8-oxogeranial to iridodial. through transcriptome mining, we show that is belongs to a family of six c. roseus p5βr genes. characterizat ...201525578278
functional analysis of related crrlk1l receptor-like kinases in pollen tube reception.the catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (crrlk1l) family of 17 receptor-like kinases (rlks) has been implicated in a variety of signaling pathways in arabidopsis, ranging from pollen tube (pt) reception and tip growth to hormonal responses. the extracellular domains of these rlks have malectin-like domains predicted to bind carbohydrate moieties. domain swap analysis showed that the extracellular domains of the three members analyzed (fer, anx1, herk1) are not interchangeable, sugges ...201525490905
identification of conserved and novel micrornas in catharanthus roseus by deep sequencing and computational prediction of their potential targets.micrornas are small endogenous non-coding rnas of ~19-24 nucleotides and perform regulatory roles in many plant processes. to identify mirnas involved in regulatory networks controlling diverse biological processes including secondary metabolism in catharanthus roseus, an important medicinal plant, we employed deep sequencing of small rna from leaf tissue. a total of 88 potential mirnas comprising of 81 conserved mirnas belonging to 35 families and seven novel mirnas were identified. precursors ...201525445288
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