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plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) adult mortality and associated fruit injury after exposure to field-aged insecticides on tart cherry branches.plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), adults were exposed to field-aged residues of thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, indoxacarb, or azinphos-methyl on tart cherry, prunus cerasus l. variety montmorency. at 1, 3, 7, and 14 d postapplication, fruit were sampled for chemical residues, and bioassays were used to assess beetle mortality and plant tissue injury. azinphos-methyl had lethal activity within 1 d of exposure at all postapplication intervals and ...201020857728
content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in fruits of apricot genotypes.research on natural compounds is increasingly focused on their effects on human health. in this study, we were interested in the evaluation of nutritional value expressed as content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of new apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) genotypes resistant against plum pox virus (ppv) cultivated on department of fruit growing of mendel university in brno. fruits of twenty one apricot genotypes were collected at the onset of consumption ripeness. antioxidant cap ...201020877223
report: prunes and liver function: a clinical trial.prunes are used by folks as a remedy of various diseases including hepatitis. a clinical trial was designed to see the effects of prunes (prunus domestica) on liver function. 166 healthy volunteers were divided into three groups randomly. either three (about 11.43g) or six (23g approx.) prunes were soaked in a glass of water (250ml) overnight. each subject from two test groups was asked to drink prune juice & eat whole fruit(single or double dose of prunes) as well, early in the morning, daily f ...201020884464
[observation on therapeutic effect of plum-blossom needle combined with medicated thread moxibustion of traditional zhuang nationality medicine on postherpetic neuralgia].to search for a better therapy for postherpetic neuralgia (phn) on the trunk.201020886801
silencing of plum pox virus 5'utr/p1 sequence confers resistance to a wide range of ppv strains.an effective disease-control strategy should protect the host from the major economically important and geographically widespread variants of a pathogen. plum pox virus (ppv) is the causal agent of sharka, the most devastating viral disease of prunus species. we have shown previously that the hairpin rna expression driven by h-utr/p1, h-p1/hcpro, h-hcpro and h-hcpro/p3 constructs, derived from the ppv-m ispave44 isolate, confers resistance to the homologous virus in nicotiana benthamiana plants. ...201020963442
development and validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of neonicotinoid and macrocyclic lactone pesticide residues in milk, fruits, and vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ms/ms.a multiresidue method was developed and validated for the determination of 13 neonicotinoid pesticides and metabolites, and nine macrocyclic lactone pesticides and veterinary drugs using spe and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ms/ms. the method was validated in milk, orange, spinach, apple, plum, watermelon, green bean, zucchini, broccoli, strawberry, grape, and tomato by analyzing replicates of residue-free control samples fortified with a mixture of 22 target analytes at three concentr ...201020480883
genetic variation among date plum (diospyros lotus) genotypes in turkey.turkey is one of the most important genetic resources of the date plum, diospyros lotus, especially in the northeastern part of the country. authenticating the identity of germplasm resources of d. lotus would be of great value for breeding. we examined the genetic variability of 11 d. lotus genotypes sampled from coruh valley in turkey. one hundred and twenty-eight dna markers were generated by 12 random primers. the highest polymorphism ratio was observed with the primer opa-01 (71%) while the ...201020506085
[clinical observation on plum-blossom needle on governor vessel and point jiaji (ex-b 2) for treatment of cerebral palsy of involuntary movement].to probe into an effective therapy for treatment of cerebral palsy of involuntary movement.201020518168
cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.) juices as a source of minerals in human diet.the aim of this study was to determine the mineral content of cornelian cherry (cornus mas l.), as this fruit and its preservatives may be considered as important nutritional supplements. potassium (k), calcium (ca), sodium (na), iron (fe), zinc (zn), manganese (mn), and copper (cu) were present in cornelian cherry juice as measured by atomic absorption. compared to other juices obtained from plum, pear, and apple, cornelian cherry juice contained high levels of ca, reaching 10-fold higher (323 ...201020706938
fruits and vegetables protect against the genotoxicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines activated by human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes expressed in immortal mammalian cells.heterocyclic aromatic amines (haas) can be formed during the cooking of meat and fish at elevated temperatures and are associated with an increased risk for cancer. on the other hand, epidemiological findings suggest that foods rich in fruits and vegetables can protect against cancer. in the present study three teas, two wines, and the juices of 15 fruits and 11 vegetables were investigated for their protective effect against the genotoxic effects of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) ...201020713174
wild plum: novel particles of improved optical brightness and fluorescence.a novel compound named wild plum fluoresces blue, and has been synthesized to camouflage skin imperfections, addressing the market demand for an anti-aging product. wild plum imparts optical brightness and fluorescence and can be used as an ingredient in cosmetic formulations. skin appearance before and after application of wild plum compounds demonstrated an improved appearance of skin including a decreased number of wrinkles. when added to makeup, lotions, creams, and powders, wild plum convey ...201020716436
effects of using plum puree on some properties of low fat beef patties.the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using different amounts of plum puree (5%, 10% or 15%) on some properties of low fat beef patties. plum puree (pp) was used as an extender in beef patties. moisture content decreased with increasing concentration of plum puree. increasing amounts of pp decreased beef patty ph. the highest cooking yield and moisture retention were found in 5% pp samples. diameter reduction increased and thickness reduction decreased with increasing amounts ...201020732751
dietary dried plum increases bone mass in adult and aged male mice.bone is progressively lost with advancing age. therapies are limited and the only effective proanabolic regimen presently available to restore bone is intermittent treatment with teriparatide (parathyroid hormone 1-34). recent evidence suggests that dietary supplementation with dried plum (dp) can prevent bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. to determine whether dietary dp supplementation can prevent the loss of bone with aging and whether bone that has already been lost can be restored, adult ...201020739449
snack selection influences nutrient intake, triglycerides, and bowel habits of adult women: a pilot study.because appropriate snacking can promote a healthy body weight and serve as an important contributor to a healthy diet for women, identification of suitable foods for incorporation between meals is essential. we investigated the influence of short-term (2 weeks) incorporation of 100-kcal servings of snacks of dried plums vs low-fat cookies twice daily on total energy and nutrient intake, biochemical parameters, and bowel habits in a randomized crossover design of two 2-week trials separated by a ...201020800123
fred plum (1924-2010) and the founding of the annals of neurology. 201020818781
field evaluation of traps and lures for monitoring plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) in alabama peaches.the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst) (coleoptera: curculionidae), is a key pest of peaches, prunus persica (l.) batsch, in north america. we evaluated the effectiveness of two widely used trap types (pyramid versus circle traps) and commercially available synthetic lures for monitoring the pest in two peach orchards in alabama during 2008 and 2009. the lures evaluated alone or in combinations included benzaldehyde (bz) (a component of fruit odor), plum essence (pe) (a mixture of fr ...201020568620
molecular variability analyses of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus capsid protein.the complete sequences of the coat protein (cp) gene of 26 isolates of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv) from india were determined. the isolates were obtained from various pome (apple, pear and quince) and stone (plum, peach, apricot, almond and wild himalayan cherry) fruit trees. other previously characterized aclsv isolates and trichoviruses were used for comparative analysis. indian aclsv isolates among themselves and with isolates from elsewhere in the world shared 91-100% and 70-98% ...201021289443
an analysis of the 1978 african swine fever outbreak in brazil and its eradication.the aim of this paper is to evaluate the african swine fever (asf) outbreak that began in 1978 in paracambi municipality, rio de janeiro state, brazil, and the steps taken by the brazilian authorities to eradicate the disease. the presence of asf in the country was confirmed by isolating the virus, and its pathogenicity was certified by the laboratory of the plum island disease center, new york, united states. even before the laboratory results became available, the brazilian agriculture ministr ...201021309454
interaction of plum pox virus with specific colloidal gold-labeled antibodies and development of immunochromatographic assay of the virus.two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against plum pox virus (ppv) were shown to recognize its d, m, and c strains. conjugates of the antibodies with colloidal gold (cg) nanoparticles averaging 26 nm in diameter were synthesized. the binding constants of ppv with both the native and conjugated mabs were determined using a biacore x device. the complexes between the cg-mab conjugates and plum pox virions were examined by means of transmission electron and atomic force microscopy. using the conj ...201021314608
frozen fruit skin prick test for the diagnosis of fruit allergy.diagnosis of fruit sensitisation by skin prick test (spt) is fast and easy to perform. nevertheless, some fruit is not available throughout the year. freezing aliquots of these fresh fruits to be defrosted would be a good solution to perform spt at any time.201021337912
pre-harvest application of putrescine influences japanese plum fruit ripening and quality.to investigate the role of pre-harvest application of putrescine (put) in regulating fruit ripening and quality of early-, mid- and late-season maturing japanese plum fruit, whole trees were sprayed with an aqueous solution containing put (0, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mm) one week before anticipated commercial harvest for each cultivar separately. the put (2.0 mm) treatment reduced the respiration rate and ethylene production more than untreated fruit during fruit ripening at ambient temperature (20 ± 1 ...201021339121
inactivation of salmonella spp. on tomatoes by plant molecules.the efficacy of carvacrol (car), trans-cinnamaldehyde (tc), eugenol (eug) and β-resorcylic acid (br) as a wash treatment for reducing salmonella spp. on tomatoes was investigated. plum tomatoes inoculated with a six-serotype mixture of salmonella (10⁸cfu) were subjected to washing in sterile deionized water (control) or deionized water containing chlorine (100 ppm), car (0.25 and 0.75%), tc (0.5 and 0.75%), eug (0.25 and 0.75%), or br (0.75 and 1.0%) for 15 sec, 1 min, and 3 min. the plant molec ...201021122935
effectiveness of different solid-phase microextraction fibres for differentiation of selected madeira island fruits based on their volatile metabolite profile--identification of novel compounds.a headspace solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) procedure based on five commercialised fibres (85 μm polyacrylate - pa, 100 μm polydimethylsiloxane - pdms, 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene - pdms/dvb, 70 μm carbowax/divinylbenzene - cw/dvb and 85 μm carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane - car/pdms) is presented for the characterization of the volatile metabolite profile of four selected madeira island fruit species, lemon (citrus limon), kiwi (actinidia deliciosa), papaya (carica papaya l.) a ...201021147335
diversity in destinations, routes and timing of small adult and sub-adult striped bass morone saxatilis on their southward autumn migration.almost three-quarters of the 46 young adult and sub-adult striped bass morone saxatilis that were acoustically tagged in plum island estuary, massachusetts, u.s.a., in the summer of 2006 were detected in one or more southern coastal arrays during their autumn migration. on the basis of the trajectories along which these m. saxatilis moved from feeding to overwintering areas, three migratory groups emerged. after leaving plum island estuary, about half of the fish were detected only in a mid-lati ...201021155786
simple and efficient biolistic procedure for the plant transfection with cdna clones of rna viruses.simple, fast, low-cost, and efficient procedure for dna delivery to the cell nuclei of whole plants was developed. the procedure was optimized for the plum pox virus (ppv) and its host nicotiana benthamiana. it is based on the leaf bombardment with tungsten microparticles with bound dna using common air gun. the procedure did not require special equipment and source of driving gas. the transfection efficiency obtained by the newly developed procedure was close to 100%, but this level dropped wit ...201021175255
postharvest behaviour of five sardinian prune varieties as affected by immersion in heated sodium bicarbonate solution.storage behaviour of 'core', 'core columbu', 'fradis' and 'meloni' white prunes, and a black one ('sighera') of sardinian germplasm were evaluated following immersion for 0 (control), 15, 30, 45 or 60 sec in water at 20, 50, 55 or 60 degrees c with or without 2% (w/v) nahco3 (sbc). as international varieties, fruit from one white plum ('shiro') and one black prune ('stanly') were subjected to the same treatments. fruit was harvested at commercial maturity, treated and then stored for 1 month at ...201021534487
use of prunes as a control of hypertension.fruits and vegetables are shown to reduce blood pressure. it is not merely the antioxidants contained in fruits and vegetables that have health benefits such as lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressures. this study was undertaken to see the cardiovascular protective effects of prunes.201021409897
multiple causes of seedling rarity in scrub plum, prunus geniculata (rosaceae), an endangered shrub of the florida scrub.conservation of an imperiled plant often requires an understanding of its reproductive ecology. scrub plum (prunus geniculata) is an endangered florida shrub endemic to pyrogenic xeric uplands. although plants are long-lived and may flower profusely, particularly after burning, fruit yield is sparse and seedlings are rare. we investigated potential causes of seedling rarity in scrub plum by studying its floral sex and breeding systems, fruit development, and germination ecology. we also develope ...201021622375
phenotypic plasticity of stem water potential correlates with crop load in horticultural trees.conceptual models accounting for the influence of source:sink ratio on water relations of trees are theoretically relevant from a physiological perspective and practically important for irrigation scheduling. midday stem water potential of horticultural trees often declines with increasing crop load but the actual response depends on environmental, management and plant factors. here we advance a quantitative synthesis of the response of stem water potential to crop load from the perspective of p ...201121636690
rhizobium skierniewicense sp. nov. isolated from tumors on chrysanthemum and prunus in poland.three gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from galls on chrysanthemum (ch11(t), ch12) and on prunus cerasifera var. divaricata (al 9.3). all three isolates are able to cause crown gall on different plant species. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, the strains belong to the genus rhizobium and their closest relatives are rhizobium rubi (99.6%), rhizobium radiobacter (98.7%) and rhizobium larrymoorei (98.1%). phylogenetic analysis of the novel strain ...201121642489
[plum blossom needles combined with cupping for dermatitis due to mosquito bites]. 201121644307
visualization of plant viral suppressor silencing activity in intact leaf lamina by quantitative fluorescent imaging.abstract: background: transient expression of proteins in plants has become a favoured method over the production of stably transformed plants because, in addition to enabling high protein yields, it is both fast and easy to apply. an enhancement of transient protein expression can be achieved by plant virus-encoded rna silencing suppressor proteins. since viral suppressor proteins differ in their efficiency to enhance transient protein expression in plants, we developed a whole-leaf green fluor ...201121812965
simultaneous determination of plant growth regulators 1-naphthylacetic acid and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid in fruit and vegetable samples by room temperature phosphorescence.introduction: 1-naphthylacetic and 2-naphthoxyacetic acids belong to the synthetic branch of auxins. auxins have attracted considerable interest as a subject of study by virtue of their biological and physiological significance. their broad use as plant growth regulators has raised the need for simple, rapid, sensitive and selective analytical methods for their determination in real samples. objective: the primary aim of this work was to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous determin ...201121805518
sitting without back support position for prolonged consciousness disturbance patients: an intervention program case study.abstract: the purpose of this research was to document and compare the before and after levels of consciousness of patients with prolonged consciousness disturbance (pcd) who sat for a specified length of time in a specially designed backless chair (suwarou-kun). three patients were selected as participants using the pcd criteria described by jennet and plum in 1972. the kohnan vegetative score (henceforth referred to as the kohnan pcd scale) and electroencephalography (eeg) measurements, togeth ...201121796026
genetically engineered resistance to plum pox virus infection in herbaceous and stone fruit hosts.plum pox virus (ppv), a potyvirus, is the causal agent of sharka, the most detrimental viral disease affecting stone fruittrees. this review focuses on research carried out to obtain ppv- resistant transgenic plants and on how biotechnological strategies evolved in light of the scientific advances made during the last several years. successful rna silencing strategies that confer high level of resistance to strains of ppv have been developed and tested under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. ...201121844696
dietary supplementation with dried plum prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss while modulating the immune response in c57bl/6j mice.this study was designed to investigate the effects of dried plum on the changes in bone metabolism and the immune response associated with ovarian hormone deficiency. adult female c57bl/6j mice were either sham-operated (sham) and fed ain-93 diet (control) or ovariectomized (ovx) and fed a control diet with 0%, 5%, 15% or 25% dried plum (w/w), corresponding to control, low- (ldp), medium- (mdp) and high (hdp)-dose dried plum. four weeks of hdp supplementation prevented the decrease in spine bone ...201121414765
sequence variability, recombination analysis, and specific detection of the w strain of plum pox virus.plum pox virus (ppv), a member of the genus potyvirus, is the causal agent of sharka, the most detrimental disease of stone-fruit trees worldwide. ppv isolates are grouped into seven distinct strains. the minor ppv-w strain was established recently for the divergent w3174 isolate found in canada. here, the partial or complete genomic sequences of four ppv-w isolates from latvia have been determined. the completely sequenced isolates lv-141pl and lv-145bt share 93.1 and 92.1% nucleotide identity, ...201121425932
histological mechanisms of the resistance conferred by the ma gene against meloidogyne incognita in prunus spp.the ma gene from myrobalan plum is a tnl gene that confers a high-level resistance to all root-knot nematodes of major economic importance, including meloidogyne incognita, m. javanica, m. arenaria, and m. enterolobii. the nematode behavior in the roots and the corresponding histological mechanisms of the ma resistance to m. incognita in the resistant (r) accessions of the plum 'p.2175' and the interspecific hybrid p.2175×almond-peach '35', carrying the ma1 allele (ma1/ma), were characterized in ...201121446787
prunus domestica pathogenesis-related protein-5 activates the defense response pathway and enhances the resistance to fungal infection.pathogenesis-related protein-5 (pr-5) has been implicated in plant disease resistance and its antifungal activity has been demonstrated in some fruit species. however, their roles, especially their interactions with the other defense responses in plant cells, are still not fully understood. in this study, we have cloned and characterized a new pr-5 cdna named pdpr5-1 from the european plum (prunus domestica). expression of pdpr5-1 was studied in different cultivars varying in resistance to the b ...201121448276
an optimized mrfp-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system for the detection of protein-protein interactions in planta.an existing bimolecular fluorescence complementation (bifc) system, based on a monomeric red fluorescent protein (mrfp), has been optimized for the investigation of protein-protein interactions in planta. the expression plasmids, encoding the n-terminal amino acids (aa) 1-168 and the c-terminal aa 169-225 of the mrfp, allow n- or c-terminal fusion of a split mrfp, with the genes of interest. two major improvements over the original vectors have been made. firstly, the coding sequence of a gggsgg ...201121473882
the ma gene for complete-spectrum resistance to meloidogyne species in prunus is a tnl with a huge repeated c-terminal post-lrr region.root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne species are major polyphagous pests of most crops worldwide, and cultivars with durable resistance are urgently needed because of nematicide bans. the ma gene from the myrobalan plum (prunus cerasifera) confers complete-spectrum, heat-stable, and high-level resistance to rkn, which is remarkable in comparison with the mi-1 gene from tomato (solanum lycopersicum), the sole rkn resistance gene cloned. we report here the positional cloning and the functional val ...201121482634
[clinical study on electrical plum-blossom needle for treatment of amblyopia in children].to comparatively study the clinical effect of electrical plum-blossom needle on ametropic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia.201121485075
a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicology of cigarette ingredients: carbohydrates and natural products.context: eleven carbohydrates and natural product ingredients were added individually to experimental cigarettes. objective: a battery of tests was used to compare toxicity of mainstream smoke from these experimental cigarettes to matched control cigarettes without test ingredients. materials and methods: smoke fractions from each cigarette type were evaluated using analytical chemistry; in vitro cytotoxicity (neutral red uptake) and in vitro bacterial (salmonella) mutagenicity (five strains) te ...201121504300
anticancer, chemopreventive and radioprotective potential of black plum (eugenia jambolana lam.).despite good understanding of the molecular basis of the disease and advances in treatment, globally cancer is still a major cause of death. estimates are that it will surpass cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death, with higher incidences in the developing countries that have minimal resources. chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the two most commonly used treatment modalities, are associated with untoward side effects. this has necessitated the search for alternatives that are effectiv ...201121517226
synergistic effects of sour taste and low temperature in suppressing the bitterness of aminoleban(®) en.aminoleban(®) en, a nutritional product for patients with liver failure, contains three branched-chain amino acids (bcaas): l-leucine, l-isoleucine, and l-valine. as bcaas are extremely bitter, aminoleban(®) en has a low palatability, which is a major cause of patient noncompliance. nutrients for liver failure often need to be taken for long periods, and poor medication compliance can cause serious problems, such as encephalopathy. therefore it is important to suppress the bitter taste of aminol ...201121532188
Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha serpentina (Diptera: Tephritidae) do not infest Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae), but Anastrepha obliqua occasionally shares this resource with Anastrepha striata in nature.This study examined whether economically important fruit fly species Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann), and Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) may opportunistically exploit guavas, Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), growing near preferred natural hosts. We collected 3,459 kg of guavas and 895 kg of other known host species [sour orange, Citrus aurantium L.; grapefruit, Citrus paradisi Macfadyen; mango, Mangifera indica L.; white sapote, Casimiroa edulis L ...201121882684
[plum-blossom needle, cupping combined with electroacupuncture for traumatic myositis ossificans of elbow joint in early stage]. 201121894692
John Newsom-Davis: clinician-scientist and so much more.John Newsom-Davis was born in 1932 and died, aged 74, in 2007. After national service in the Royal Air Force, he read Natural Sciences at Cambridge. Following clinical studies at the Middlesex Hospital, he began research into respiratory neurophysiology with Tom Sears at the National Hospital, Queen Square, in London, and spent 1 year with Fred Plum at Cornell University in New York. After neurology specialist training at Queen Square, he became the director of the Batten Unit, continuing his in ...201122171357
new iranian and australian peach latent mosaic viroid variants and evidence for rapid sequence evolution.peach latent mosaic viroid isolates from peach and plum in iran have been compared with an australian isolate from nectarine. thirteen sequence variants 336-338 nt in size were obtained. all variants clustered phylogenetically with variants reported from several hosts and countries. a total nucleic acid extract, a slightly longer than full-length rt-pcr amplicon, and a recombinant plasmid clone from the australian isolate were all infectious to, and symptomatic in, mechanically inoculated peach ...201122075917
Immunogenic compositions assembled from TMV-generated spherical particle platforms and foreign antigens.Recently we reported that RNA-free spherical particles (SPs) generated by thermal remodeling of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were capable of binding green fluorescent protein to their surface. Here we showed that SPs represented a universal particle platform which could form compositions by binding to their surface a diversity of various foreign proteins/epitopes of viral and nonviral origin. Numerous molecules of a foreign protein linked to the SP surface were revealed by immunogold electron micr ...201122049093
vermouth technology of production and quality characteristics.the aperitif wine, known as vermouth, is primarily prepared by adding a mixture of herbs and spices or their extract to a base wine. as such, it could also be called aromatized liquor, or a fortified wine. various plant parts, such as seeds, wood, leaves, bark, or roots in dry form can be used in flavoring. these additives may be infused, macerated, or distilled in a base white wine, or added at various stages of preparation. the final liquid is filtered, pasteurized, and fortified (by the addit ...201121867897
monitoring of systemic exposure to plant protection products and dna damage in orchard workers.the systemic exposure of plum tree growers and operators to plant protection products (ppps) and effects on dna were assessed. specifically, a gc-ms/ms method was developed and validated for the analysis of serum samples for the presence of seven active substances of ppps. the analytical results verified the presence of myclobutanil, propargite, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in 7 out of 19 serum samples. the incidence of dna damage was monitored using the single cell electrophoresis assay (comet ...201122115631
a plant small polypeptide is a novel component of dna-binding protein phosphatase 1-mediated resistance to plum pox virus in arabidopsis.dna-binding protein phosphatases (dbps) have been identified as a novel class of plant-specific regulatory factors playing a role in plant-virus interactions. ntdbp1 from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) was shown to participate in transcriptional regulation of gene expression in response to virus infection in compatible interactions, and atdbp1, its closest relative in the model plant arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), has recently been found to mediate susceptibility to potyvirus, one of the most ...201122021419
identification and genetic characterization of a gibberellin 2-oxidase gene that controls tree stature and reproductive growth in plum.several dwarf plum genotypes (prunus salicina l.), due to deficiency of unknown gibberellin (ga) signalling, were identified. a cdna encoding ga 2-oxidase (pslga2ox), the major gibberellin catabolic enzyme in plants, was cloned and used to screen the ga-deficient hybrids. this resulted in the identification of a dwarf plum hybrid, designated as dgo24, that exhibits a markedly elevated pslga2ox signal. grafting 'early golden' (eg), a commercial plum cultivar, on dgo24 (eg/d) enhanced pslga2ox acc ...201122080981
effectiveness of odor-baited trap trees for plum curculio (coleoptera: curculionidae) monitoring in commercial apple orchards in the northeast.the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst), is a key pest of pome and stone fruit in eastern and central north america. for effective management of this insect pest in commercial apple (malus spp.) orchards in the northeastern united states and canada, one of the greatest challenges has been to determine the need for and timing of insecticide applications that will protect apple fruit from injury by adults. in a 2004-2005 study, we assessed the efficacy and economic viability of a reduce ...201122066191
the cucumber vein yellowing virus silencing suppressor p1b can functionally replace hcpro in plum pox virus infection in a host-specific manner.plant viruses of the genera potyvirus and ipomovirus (potyviridae family) use unrelated rna silencing suppressors (rss) to counteract antiviral rna silencing responses. hcpro is the rss of potyvirus spp., and its activity is enhanced by the upstream p1 protein. distinctively, the ipomovirus cucumber vein yellowing virus (cvyv) lacks hcpro but contains two p1 copies in tandem (p1ap1b), the second of which functions as rss. using chimeras based on the potyvirus plum pox virus (ppv), we found that ...201121970691
top 10 plant viruses in molecular plant pathology.many scientists, if not all, feel that their particular plant virus should appear in any list of the most important plant viruses. however, to our knowledge, no such list exists. the aim of this review was to survey all plant virologists with an association with molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which plant viruses they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated more than 250 votes from the international community, and allowed the gen ...201122017770
[plum blossom needling for 74 cases of scapulohumeral periarthritis]. 201122136038
Detection of plum pox potyviral protein-protein interactions in planta using an optimized mRFP-based bimolecular fluorescence complementation system.In previous studies, protein interaction maps of different potyviruses have been generated using yeast two-hybrid (YTH) systems, and these maps have demonstrated a high diversity of interactions of potyviral proteins. Using an optimized bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) system, a complete interaction matrix for proteins of a potyvirus was developed for the first time under in planta conditions with ten proteins from plum pox virus (PPV). In total, 52 of 100 possible interactions we ...201121880839
use of a multivariate approach to assess the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in concentrate fruit juices marketed in argentina: results of a 14-year survey.the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of alicyclobacillus spp. in fruit/vegetable juices (concentrated pulps and clarified and non-clarified juices) marketed in argentina between 1996 and 2009. the presence of alicyclobacillus was determined in a total of 8556 samples of fruit and vegetable juices (apple, pear, grape, peach, blend of juices, tangerine, pineapple, orange, mango, plum, guava, apricot, lemon, banana, kiwi, carrot, strawberry, grapefruit, and beetroot) collected i ...201121962940
development, optimization, and validation of a classical swine fever virus real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay.classical swine fever (csf) is an economically devastating disease of pigs. instrumental to the control of csf is a well-characterized assay that can deliver a rapid, accurate diagnosis prior to the onset of clinical signs. a real-time fluorogenic-probe hydrolysis (taqman) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for csf was developed by the united states department of agriculture (usda) at the plum island animal disease center (csf piadc assay) and evaluated for analytical and d ...201121908362
Fast versus slow: different saccadic behavior in cerebellar ataxias.Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by involvement of the brainstem and cerebellum, basal ganglia, spinal cord, cerebral cortex, but white matter is also involved. In late-onset cerebellar ataxia (LOCA), the cerebellum is mainly involved, as demonstrated by clinical and neuroradiological findings. These neurodegenerative diseases are often associated with progressive abnormalities in eye movement control, particularly saccadic chan ...201121950987
Size distribution and composition of phosphorus in the East Tiao River, China: the significant role of colloids.The environmental risk of aquatic phosphorus (P) critically depends on its mobility and bioavailability, both of which are greatly affected by the size distribution and composition of P. The size distribution (particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved phase) of P, composed of molybdate reactive P (MRP) and molybdate unreactive P (MUP), was determined at twenty-three typical sections of the East Tiao River, China in the plum rain season. Results indicated particulate P was dominant followed by t ...201121915398
Effects of a plum (Prunus mume Siebold and Zucc.) ethanol extract on the immune system in vivo and in vitro.The effect of a plum ethanol extract (PEE) on immunity was analyzed. An oral administration of PEE increased the interleukin (IL)-12p40 concentration in the serum and T-cell ratio in the spleen. In vitro studies revealed that PEE stimulated IL-12p70 production in peritoneal macrophages and natural killer activity. These findings suggest that PEE enhanced the immune function by stimulating innate immune cells.201121979085
potential antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and proapoptotic anticancer activities of kakadu plum and illawarra plum polyphenolic fractions.kakadu plum (terminalia ferdinandiana exell, combretaceae) and illawarra plum (podocarpus elatus endl., podocarpaceae) extracts were fractionated, using a bioassay-guided approach and screened for antioxidant activity [oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) and cellular antioxidant activity (caa) assays] and antiinflammatory activity (nitrite concentration and prostaglandin e(2) release in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-activated murine macrophages). among 8 fractions obtained from kp and 5 fractio ...201121875324
Evaluation of tag entanglement as a factor in harmonic radar studies of insect dispersal.The observation of insects and other small organisms entangled in the habitat after the addition of vertical or trailing electronic tags to their body has generated concerns on the suitability of harmonic radars to track the dispersal of insects. This study compared the walking behavior of adult Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) Chrysomelidae), plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) Curculionidae), and western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte) ...201122182617
influence of copigment derived from tasmannia pepper leaf on davidson's plum anthocyanins.davidson's plum (davidsonia pruriens, f. muell.), a native to australian rainforests, large, crimson-red fruit, which superficially resembles plum, has been commercially cultivated in australia since 1990s. the current production volume exceeds market demands therefore this study was designed to evaluate the suitability of davidson's plum extract as a source of anthocyanin-based food colorant. the stability of the davidson's plum extract towards heat treatment at 95 °c was higher than that of co ...201121535813
formation of acrylamide at temperatures lower than 100°c: the case of prunes and a model study.acrylamide concentrations in prune products - baby strained prunes (range = 75-265 µg kg(-1)), baby apple/prune juice (33-61 µg kg(-1)), prune juice (186-916 µg kg(-1)) and prunes (58-332 µg kg(-1)) - on the canadian market were determined. the formation of acrylamide in a simulated plum juice was also investigated under 'drying conditions' in an open vessel at temperatures <100°c for 24 h and under 'wet conditions' in a closed vessel at a temperature of 120°c for 1 h. acrylamide was produced in ...201121623495
comparative effects of dried plum and dried apple on bone in postmenopausal women.aside from existing drug therapies, certain lifestyle and nutritional factors are known to reduce the risk of osteoporosis. among the nutritional factors, dried plum or prunes (prunus domestica l.) is the most effective fruit in both preventing and reversing bone loss. the objective of the present study was to examine the extent to which dried plum reverses bone loss in osteopenic postmenopausal women. we recruited 236 women, 1-10 years postmenopausal, not on hormone replacement therapy or any o ...201121736808
native australian fruit polyphenols inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis in human cancer cell lines.apoptosis is one of the most critical forms of defense against cancer, and the induction of apoptosis by dietary polyphenols represents significant potential for cancer preventive activity. the present study examined polyphenols extracted from selected native australian fruits--illawarra plum (podocarpus elatus endl., podocarpaceae), kakadu plum (terminalia ferdinandiana exell, combretaceae), muntries (kunzea pomifera f. muell., myrtaceae), and native currant (acrotriche depressa r.br., epacrida ...201121391128
determination of dodine in fruit samples by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry.a rapid and sensitive lc/electrospray ionization-ms/ms method has been developed for the determination of dodine in fruit samples. based on a liquid-liquid extraction of 10 g solid fruit homogenate using an acetone-dichloromethane-hexane mixture and acetate ammonium buffer (ph 4.5), this lc/ms/ms procedure was characterized by recoveries above 50%, with good intra-assay precision (rsd < 13%) and interassay precision (rsd < 18%) for seven different matrixes (apple, apricot, cherry, peach, pear, p ...201121391507
agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of prunus as an alternative for gene functional analysis in hairy-roots and composite plants.resistant rootstocks offer an alternative to pesticides for the control of soil pests. in prunus spp., resistance loci to root-knot nematodes (rkn) have been mapped and a transformation method is needed to validate candidate genes. our efforts have focused on the generation of transformed hairy-roots and composite plants appropriate for nematode infection assays. an efficient and reliable method using the a4r strain of agrobacterium rhizogenes for the transformation of prunus roots with an egfp ...201121409553
effects of dietary fruits, vegetables and a herbal tea on the in vitro transport of cimetidine: comparing the caco-2 model with porcine jejunum tissue.context: dietary botanicals are often consumed together with allopathic medicines, which may give rise to pharmacokinetic interactions. in vitro intestinal models are useful to identify botanical-drug interactions, but they may exhibit different expressions of transporters or enzymes. objective: to compare the effects of selected dietary botanical extracts on cimetidine transport across two in vitro intestinal models. materials and methods: bi-directional transport of cimetidine was measured ...201122085278
narrowing down the apricot plum pox virus resistance locus and comparative analysis with the peach genome syntenic region.sharka disease, caused by the plum pox virus (ppv), is one of the main limiting factors for stone fruit crops worldwide. only a few resistance sources have been found in apricot (prunus armeniaca l.), and most studies have located a major ppv resistance locus (ppvres) on linkage group 1 (lg1). however, the mapping accuracy was not sufficiently reliable and ppvres was predicted within a low confidence interval. in this study, we have constructed two high-density simple sequence repeat (ssr) impro ...201121722293
Single photon emission computed tomography scanning: A predictor of outcome in vegetative state of head injury.Neurotrauma is one of the most important causes of death and disability. Some of the severely head injured patients, failed to show significant improvement despite aggressive neurosurgical management and ended up in a vegetative state.201121716866
comparison of dry, wet and microwave digestion methods for the multi element determination in some dried fruit samples by icp-oes.the aim of this study was used to investigate the level of trace metals (ba, pb, cd, mn, cr, co, ni, cu, mn, zn, sr and fe) in some dried fruits (prunus domestica l., ficus carica l., morus alba l., vitis vinifera l., prunus armeniaca l., and malus domestica) samples from turkey. trace elements were determined by icp-oes after dry, wet and microwave digestion methods in dried fruit samples. validation of the proposed method was carried out by using a nist-srm 1515-apple leaves certified referenc ...201121843582
effect of several different pollens on the bio-ecological parameters of the predatory mite typhlodromus athenas swirski and ragusa (acari: phytoseiidae).the development, survivorship, and reproduction of the predacious mite typhlodromus athenas swirski and ragusa were studied in the laboratory by rearing the predator on nine different plant pollens [almond(prunus amygdalis batsch), apple (malus domestica borkh.), apricot (prunus armeniaca l.), cherry (prunus avium l.), pear (pyrus communis l.), plum (prunus domestica l.), walnut (juglans regia l.), olive (olea europaea l.), typha sp.], and pollen collected from bee hives. all experiments were c ...201122251637
lesser peachtree borer (lepidoptera: sesiidae) oviposition on prunus germplasm.the lesser peachtree borer, synanthedon pictipes (grote and robinson) (lepidoptera: sesiidae), is a serious pest of peach, prunus persica (l.) batsch, across the southeastern united states. we examined oviposition by s. pictipes on field-grown prunus scion and rootstock cultivars and two endemic prunus spp. when sawn limbs, not roots, were assayed in the laboratory. a choice test compared oviposition on the peach scion 'harvester', peach rootstock 'guardian', plum × peach hybrid rootstock 'mp-2 ...201122217762
review of fluorescent standards for calibration of in situ fluorometers: recommendations applied in coastal and ocean observing programs.fluorometers are widely used in ecosystem observing to monitor fluorescence signals from organic compounds, as well as to infer geophysical parameters such as chlorophyll or cdom concentration, but measurements are susceptible to variation caused by biofouling, instrument design, sensor drift, operating environment, and calibration rigor. to collect high quality data, such sensors need frequent checking and regular calibration. in this study, a wide variety of both liquid and solid fluorescent m ...201122274260
glycemic index determination of vegetable and fruits in healthy bangladeshi subjects.fruits and vegetables are an important part of the diet especially for their complex carbohydrates, dietary fibre and micronutrients. the present study investigated the glycemic index (gi) of a vegetable [carrot (daucas carota)] and fruits [banana (chapa kola) musa sp. and plum (bau kul) zizyphus mauritiana] of bangladeshi origin.201122655461
analytical and sensory characterization of the aroma of "langhe d.o.c. nebbiolo" wines: influence of the prefermentative cold maceration with dry ice.the present work concerns the determination of the volatile compounds, as well as the description of the olfactory characteristics, of "langhe doc nebbiolo" wines produced through the prefermentative cold maceration with dry ice, on full scale (30 quintals) in private cellars. the free volatile compounds and those obtained by enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis of the glycosilated precursors were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. among free volatile compounds, a loss of alcohols wi ...201122417331
[comparison of therapeutic effects between plum-blossom needle tapping plus cupping and laser irradiation in the treatment of acute facial palsy patients with concomitant peri-auricular pain].to compare the therapeutic effects of plum-blossom needle therapy with cupping and laser irradiation in the treatment of acute facial paralysis with ipsilateral peri-auricular pain.201122379790
effects of temperature on the life history parameters and population growth rates of hyalopterus pruni (hemiptera: aphididae).the mealy plum aphid, hyalopterus pruni (geoffroy) (hemiptera: aphididae) is a pest of prune trees in california. the impact of aphids as pests is well characterized by their population growth rate, a parameter integrating their age-specific development, survivorship, and fecundity. these population parameters were measured at five constants temperatures on potted prune trees. development rates increased with temperature up to an optimum. the relationship between development rate and temperature ...201122299346
the fading distinctions between classical patterns of ripening in climacteric and non-climacteric fruit and the ubiquity of ethylene-an overview.the process of fruit ripening is normally viewed distinctly in climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. but, many fruits such as guava, melon, japanese plum, asian pear and pepper show climacteric as well as non-climacteric behaviour depending on the cultivar or genotype. investigations on in planta levels of co2 and ethylene at various stages of fruits during ripening supported the role and involvement of changes in the rate of respiration and ethylene production in non-climacteric fruits such a ...201123572821
virulence of entomopathogenic nematodes to plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar: effects of strain, temperature, and soil type.the plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar, is a major pest of stone and pome fruit (e.g., apples, pears, peaches, cherries, etc.). entomopathogenic nematodes (steinernema spp. and heterorhabditis spp.) may be used to control the larval stage of c. nenuphar following fruit drop. indeed, certain entomopathogenic nematodes species have previously been shown to be highly effective in killing c. nenuphar larvae in laboratory and field trials. in field trials conducted in the southeastern, usa, steine ...201123430967
hospira recalls plum a+ and plum xl infusion pumps due to failure of audible alarm. 201123444574
bacterial canker of plum trees, caused by pseudomonas syringae pathovars, as a serious threat for plum production in the netherlands.in the netherlands, bacterial canker in plum trees (prunus domestica) is a serious and recent problem in plum production. it is caused by pseudomonas syringae pathovars syringae and morsprunorum. the trunks of the affected plum trees are girdled by bacterial cankers resulting in sudden death of infected trees in 3-4 years after planting. disease incidences can be very high, and sometimes complete orchards have to be removed. recently, plum cultivation in the netherlands has changed from a relati ...201122702175
molecular epidemiology of plum pox virus in japan.for a molecular epidemiological study based on complete genome sequences, 37 plum pox virus (ppv) isolates were collected from the kanto region in japan. pair-wise analyses revealed that all 37 japanese isolates belong to the ppv-d strain, with low genetic diversity (less than 0.8%). in phylogenetic analysis of the ppv-d strain based on complete nucleotide sequences, the relationships of the ppv-d strain were reconstructed with high resolution: at the global level, the american, canadian, and ja ...201121198358
ectopic expression of class 1 knox genes induce adventitious shoot regeneration and alter growth and development of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l) and european plum (prunus domestica l).transgenic plants of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l) and european plum (prunus domestica l) were produced by transforming with the apple class 1 knox genes (mdkn1 and mdkn2) or corn knox1 gene. transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated in vitro from transformed leaf discs cultured in a medium lacking cytokinin. ectopic expression of knox genes retarded shoot growth by suppressing elongation of internodes in transgenic tobacco plants. expression of each of the three knox1 genes induced malformatio ...201121212958
molecular, ultrastructural, and biological characterization of pennsylvania isolates of plum pox virus.plum pox virus (ppv) was identified in pennsylvania in 1999. the outbreak was limited to a four-county region in southern pennsylvania. initial serological and molecular characterization indicated that the isolates in pennsylvania belong to the d strain of ppv. the pennsylvania isolates were characterized by sequence analysis, electron microscopy, host range, and vector transmission to determine how these isolates related to their previously studied european counterparts. genetically, pennsylvan ...201121261466
field evaluation of reduced insecticide spray programs for managing plum curculio, conotrachelus nenuphar (coleoptera: curculionidae), in alabama peaches.plum curculio (pc), conotrachelus nenuphar (herbst.), is an important pest of peaches in the southeastern united states. commercially acceptable control of this insect is typically achieved by weekly or biweekly application of broad-spectrum conventional insecticides, resulting in 6-12 sprays per season. experiments were conducted in a peach orchard in alabama during 2007-2009 to compare the conventional calendar-based insecticide spray program involving weekly applications of phosmet with three ...201121268230
analysis of the epitope structure of plum pox virus coat protein.typing of the particular plum pox virus (ppv) strain responsible in an outbreak has important practical implications and is frequently performed using strain-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs). analysis in western blots of the reactivity of 24 mabs to a 112-amino-acid n-terminal fragment of the ppv coat protein (cp) expressed in escherichia coli showed that 21 of the 24 mabs recognized linear or denaturation-insensitive epitopes. a series of eight c-truncated cp fragments allowed the mapping ...201121171886
change in sagittal balance with placement of an interspinous spacer.study design.: a prospective case series. objective.: to determine the effect of x-stop implantation on sagittal spinal balance using 36-inch films. summary of background data.: interspinous process spacers have been shown as an effective treatment of neurogenic claudication. the devices block the last few degrees of extension at the stenotic level, thus preventing compression of the nerve roots. these devices have been criticized because they may push the patient's spine into a kyphotic positio ...201121358476
mediterranean and central-eastern european countries host viruses of two different clades of plum pox virus strain m.the genetic diversity of plum pox virus strain m (ppv-m) was assessed by analyzing 28 isolates collected in 8 european countries. two genomic fragments spanning the (cter)p3-6k1-(nter)ci coding region as well as the full coat protein coding region were sequenced directly from pcr products. phylogenetic analysis showed that the geographical origin of the collected isolates was clearly associated with two different ppv-m clades. moreover, the pattern of substitutions in the cp gene shed light on t ...201121293968
physiological responses and differential gene expression in prunus rootstocks under iron deficiency conditions.two prunus rootstocks, the myrobalan plum p 2175 and the interspecific peach-almond hybrid, felinem, were studied to characterize their biochemical and molecular responses induced under iron-deficient conditions. plants of both genotypes were submitted to different treatments using a hydroponic system that permitted removal of fe from the nutrient solution. control plants were grown in 90 µm fe (iii)-edta, deficient plants were grown in an iron free solution, and plants submitted to an inductor ...201121306783
harmonic radar: efficacy at detecting and recovering insects on agricultural host plants.in pest management research, harmonic radar systems have been largely used to study insect movement across open or vegetation-poor areas because the microwave signal is attenuated by the high water content of vegetation. this study evaluated whether the efficacy of this technology is sufficient to track insects in vegetative landscapes.201121058275
o-glcnacylation of the plum pox virus capsid protein catalyzed by secret agent: characterization of o-glcnac sites by electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry.the capsid protein of plum pox virus (ppv-cp) is modified with o-linked β-n-acetylglucosamine (o-glcnac). in arabidopsis thaliana this modification is made by an o-glcnac transferase named secret agent (sec). modification of ppv-cp by sec is hypothesized to have a direct role in the infection process, because virus titer and rate of spread are reduced in sec mutants. previous studies used deletion mapping and site-directed mutagenesis to identify four o-glcnac sites on the capsid protein that ar ...201120676902
syzygium cumini (l.) skeels: a review of its phytochemical constituents and traditional uses.syzygium cumini (s. cumini) (l.) skeels (jambolan) is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. the present review has been primed to describe the existing data on the information on botany, phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological actions of s. cumini (l.) skeels (jambolan). electronic database search was conducted with the search terms of eugenia jambolana, s. cumini, jambolan, common plum and java plum. the pla ...201223569906
evaluation of the odour of aminoleban(®) en, taste-masked with flavoured powders, by human and electronic noses.aminoleban® en is a bitter total enteral nutrient product with an unpleasant odour. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the odour of aminoleban® en, taste-masked with various flavoured powders, by human testing and by using an electronic nose system (alpha m.o.s.).201223488778
the effect of delactosed whey permeate on phytochemical content of canned tomatoes.the effect of delactosed whey permeate (dwp) treatment on antioxidant and phyto-chemical components of canned irish plum tomatoes were investigated. tomatoes were sterilised for 5 min (f(0)) at 120 °c and stored for 6 months. the dwp treatment retained significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of ascorbic acid and lycopene of tomatoes. the antioxidant activity of dwp treated tomatoes was higher (7%) than the control at the end of storage. the firmness in dwp-treated fruits was around 40% higher than ...201223442681
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