Publications

silicon uptake and transport is an active process in cucumis sativus.	cucumis sativus is a species known to accumulate high levels of silicon (si) in the tops, though the mechanism for its high si uptake is little understood. in a series of hydroponic experiments, we examined uptake and xylem loading of si in c. sativus along with vicia faba at three levels of si (0.085, 0.17 and 1.70 mm). measured si uptake in c. sativus was more than twice as high as calculated from the rate of transpiration assuming no discrimination between silicic acid and water in uptake. me ...	2005	16101916
response of ascorbate peroxidase isoenzymes and ascorbate regeneration system to abiotic stresses in cucumis sativus l.	ascorbate peroxidase (apx) isoenzymes, distributing in at least four distinct cell compartments, the chloroplastic stroma (sapx) and thylakoid membrane (tapx), microbody (mapx) and cytosol (capx), catalyze the reduction of h(2)o(2) to water by using ascorbic acid (asa) as specific electron donor. in order to better clarify the response of apx isoenzymes and asa regeneration enzymes to abiotic stresses, the activities of apx isoenzymes as well as monodehydroascorbate reductase (mdar), glutathione ...	2005	16386429
molecular characterisation of salmfamide neuropeptides in sea urchins.	the salmfamides are a family of neuropeptides found in species belonging to the phylum echinodermata. members of this family have been identified in starfish (class asteroidea) and in sea cucumbers (class holothuroidea) but not in other echinoderms. our aim here was to characterise salmfamide neuropeptides in sea urchins (class echinoidea). radioimmunoassays for the starfish salmfamides s1 and s2 were used to test for related peptides in whole-body acetone extracts of the sea urchin echinus escu ...	2005	16272250
[relationships of aulacophora beetles feeding behavior with cucurbitacin types in host crops].	aulacophora fermoralis chinensis and aulacophora cattigarensis are the two related aulacophora beetles, but their host selectivity and feeding behavior are significantly different. a. fernzoralis chinensis usually feeds upon cucumis sativus and cucurbita moschata, but never upon luffa acutangula, momordica charantia and citrullas lanatus. its feeding behavior on hosts is to snip a circular trench on their leaves, and then, to feed the leaf tissues isolated by the trench. on the contrary, a. catt ...	2005	16252877
cucurbit phloem serpins are graft-transmissible and appear to be resistant to turnover in the sieve element-companion cell complex.	serpins are unique inhibitors of serine proteases that are located in various plant tissues and organs. an orthologue of the pumpkin (cucurbita maxima) phloem serpin cmps-1 was amplified from cucumber (cucumis sativus) rna by rt-pcr, cloned, and designated as csps-1 (genbank accession no. aj866989). alternative amino acid sequences in the reactive centre loop suggest distinct inhibitory specificity between cmps-1 and csps-1. a difference in the electrophoretic mobility of these serpins was used ...	2005	16246856
co-occurrence of arum- and paris-type morphologies of arbuscular mycorrhizae in cucumber and tomato.	colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) fungi was investigated in cucumber (cucumis sativus), tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and clethra barbinervis (ericales) grown in field-collected soil known from previous studies to generate paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizae in c. barbinervis. spores of paraglomus, acaulospora, glomus, and gigaspora were found in the soil. formation of hyphal coils and arbusculate coils of paris-type mycorrhizae and of arbuscules of arum-type mycorrhizae in roots rais ...	2005	15007710
development of a simple algorithm for the detection of chilling injury in cucumbers from visible/near-infrared hyperspectral imaging.	hyperspectral images of cucumbers under a variety of conditions were acquired to explore the potential for the detection of chilling-induced damage in whole cucumbers. region of interest (roi) spectral features of chilling injured areas, resulting from chilling treatment at 0 degrees c, showed the reduction of reflectance intensity over the period at post-chilling room temperature (rt) storage. a large spectral difference between good, smooth skins and chilling-injured skins occurred in the 700- ...	2005	15720741
arsenic speciation in xylem sap of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	flow injection analysis (fia) and high-performance liquid chromatography double-focusing sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (hplc-df-icp-ms) were used for total arsenic determination and arsenic speciation of xylem sap of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l.) grown in hydroponics containing 2 micromol dm(-3) arsenate or arsenite, respectively. arsenite [as(iii)], arsenate [as(v)] and dimethylarsinic acid (dma) were identified in the sap of the plants. arsenite was the predo ...	2005	15983763
the modulating effect of the perisperm-endosperm envelope on aba-inhibition of seed germination in cucumber.	abscisic acid (aba) markedly reduced the germination of developing seeds at much lower concentrations (aba50=0.1 mm) compared with that of mature seeds (aba50=1.6 mm) in cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. green long). the perisperm-endosperm (pe) envelope in developing seeds showed partly differentiated lipid and callose layers, considerable aba biosynthetic activity in endosperm cells, and appreciable permeability to applied aba. the decrease in the sensitivity of seeds to applied aba was coincid ...	2005	15983012
mollisosides a, b1, and b2: minor triterpene glycosides from the new zealand and south australian sea cucumber australostichopus mollis.	three new monosulfated triterpene glycosides, mollisosides a (2), b(1) (3), and b(2) (4), have been isolated from the sea cucumber australostichopus mollis. their structures were determined by nmr and mass spectra. the presence of sulfated glycosides in sea cucumbers belonging to the family stichopodidae is uncommon.	2005	15974605
silicon-mediated alleviation of mn toxicity in cucumis sativus in relation to activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase.	the effects of exogenous silicon (si) on plant growth, activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), guaiacol peroxidase (gpx), ascorbate peroxidase (apx), dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar), glutathione reductase (gr) and catalase, and concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione were investigated in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants treated with excess manganese (mn) (600 microm). compared with the treatment of normal mn (10 microm), excess mn significantly increased h2o2 concentration and lipid ...	2005	15963540
organization and operation of the marine ornamental fish and invertebrate export fishery in puerto rico.	this fishery was examined utilizing public records, stakeholder interviews, and operational site visits to describe the fishery for the puerto rico coral reef advisory committee as a first step toward development of policies for the effective management of these natural resources. the fishery is not large, including fewer than 20 licensed fishers operating primarily on the west end of the island. only three operators export product, with the remaining fishers providing specimens to the exporters ...	2005	17465154
echinoderms: their culture and bioactive compounds.	of the five extant classes of echinoderms, it is the sea urchins (echinoidea) and the sea cucumbers (holothuroidea) that are both commercially fished and heavily overexploited. in sea urchins, it is the gonad of both males and females, normally referred to as'roe', that is a sought-after food. in the sea cucumber, the principal product is the boiled and dried body-wall or 'bêche-de-mer' for which there is an increasing demand. many sea urchin and sea cucumber fisheries still have no management s ...	2005	17152697
particle surface characteristics may play an important role in phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles.	the phytotoxicity of alumina nanoparticles loaded with and without phenanthrene (phen) was investigated by means of root elongation (re) experiments in this study. five plant species, zea mays (corn), cucumis sativus (cucumber), glycine max (soybean), brassica oleracea (cabbage), and daucus carota (carrot) were used in our study of phytotoxicity by root elongation experiments. the surface characteristics of phen-loaded and phen-nonloaded nanoparticles were investigated using the fourier transfor ...	2005	16039401
transgenic cucumbers harboring the 54-kda putative gene of cucumber fruit mottle mosaic tobamovirus are highly resistant to viral infection and protect non-transgenic scions from soil infection.	cucumber fruit mottle mosaic tobamovirus (cfmmv) causes severe mosaic symptoms and yellow mottling on leaves and fruits and, occasionally, severe wilting of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants. no genetic source of resistance against this virus has been identified in cucumber. the gene coding for the putative 54-kda replicase gene of cfmmv was cloned into an agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector, and transformation was performed on cotyledon explants of a parthenocarpic cucumber cultivar. r1 ...	2005	15865051
persistence of escherichia coli and salmonella in surface soil following application of liquid hog manure for production of pickling cucumbers.	liquid hog manure is routinely applied to farm land as a crop fertilizer. however, this practice raises food safety concerns, especially when manure is used on fruit and vegetable crops. the objectives of this project were to evaluate the persistence of escherichia coli and salmonella in surface soil after application of liquid hog manure to fields where pickling cucumbers were grown and to verify the microbiological quality of harvested cucumbers. mineral fertilizers were replaced by liquid hog ...	2005	15895719
cpd photolyase gene from spinacia oleracea: repair of uv-damaged dna and expression in plant organs.	the uv-b radiation contained in solar radiation has deleterious effects on plant growth, development and physiology. specific damage to dna caused by uv radiation involves the cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers (cpd) and the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts. cpds are repaired by cpd photolyase via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism. the gene for the class ii cpd photolyase has been cloned from higher plants such as arabidopsis, cucumbers and rice. we isolated and characterized the cdna and ...	2005	15988133
[antiphytoviral activity of capsule substances of cryptococcus albidus yeast].	the yeast cryptococcus albidus isolated from the leaves of maize (strain 1003) and cucumbers (strain 1014) produce the capsule substances which can protect the tobacco and datura plants from tobacco mosaic virus. proteins, carbohydrates and ash elements have been isolated from culture liquids treated by supersound.	2005	16018209
occurrence and significance of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis in ready-to-eat food.	among 48,901 samples of ready-to-eat food products at the danish retail market, 0.5% had counts of bacillus cereus-like bacteria above 10(4) cfu g(-1). the high counts were most frequently found in starchy, cooked products, but also in fresh cucumbers and tomatoes. forty randomly selected strains had at least one gene or component involved in human diarrhoeal disease, while emetic toxin was related to only one b. cereus strain. a new observation was that 31 out of the 40 randomly selected b. cer ...	2005	16043311
cancer and its prevention by some horticultural and field crops in turkey.	diet is considered to play an important role in the etiology of carcinogenesis, and almost 30 % of cancer development is known to have a dietary background. many diets appear to contain groups of food components that can prevent, slow down, or even reverse carcinogenesis. in the present commentary, discussion is focused on the following crops: almonds, apricots, plums, peaches and nectarines, cherries, pears, figs, chestnuts, hazelnuts, pistachios, walnuts, grapes, strawberries, avocados, banana ...	2005	16101341
model study on the effect of 15 phenolic olive mill wastewater constituents on seed germination and vibrio fischeri metabolism.	olive mill wastewaters (omw) can be a severe problem when disposed of as untreated because of their high organic load, elevated concentration of polyphenols, and moderately low biodegradability. in the present study, the acute toxicity of 15 compounds with low molecular weight (<350 da), catechol, four benzoic acids, three phenylacetic acids, three phenylethanols, and four cinnamic acids, already isolated from the reverse osmosis in the fractionation of omw, was assessed on the marine bacterium ...	2005	16218695
listeria monocytogenes survival in refrigerator dill pickles.	listeria monocytogenes can survive and grow in refrigerated foods with ph values of approximately 4.0 to 5.0 and salt concentrations of 3 to 4%. home-fermented refrigerator dill pickles fit this description. contamination of this product with l. monocytogenes could cause serious problems because these items are not heated prior to consumption. l. monocytogenes survival and growth patterns were investigated in refrigerator dill pickles at 1.3, 3.8, and 7.6% salt concentrations. pickling cucumbers ...	2005	16300073
shelf life extension of minimally processed cabbage and cucumber through gamma irradiation.	the influence of irradiation of minimally processed cabbage and cucumber on microbial safety, texture, and sensory quality was investigated. minimally processed, polyethylene-packed, and irradiated cabbage and cucumber were stored at refrigeration temperature (5 degrees c) for 2 weeks. the firmness values ranged from 3.23 kg (control) to 2.82 kg (3.0-kgy irradiated samples) for cucumbers, with a gradual decrease in firmness with increasing radiation dose (0 to 3 kgy). cucumbers softened just aft ...	2005	15690810
the efficacy of spinosad against the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, and its impact on associated biological control agents on greenhouse cucumbers in southern ontario.	insecticides are the most commonly used tactic to control western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae), on greenhouse cucumber. however, wft has developed resistance to several of the insecticides presently in use. in addition, some of these insecticides adversely affect greenhouse biological control agents used to control wft, resulting in subsequent pest resurgence. therefore, there is a need to identify novel insecticides with unique modes of acti ...	2005	15619719
flavone c-glycosides from leaves of oxalis triangularis.	the flavone c-glycosides luteolin 6-c-(2''-o-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (1), apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-alpha-rhamnopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (2), apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-beta-xylopyranosyl-beta-glucopyranoside) (3), apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-(6'''-(e)-caffeoylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (4), and apigenin 6-c-(2''-o-(6'''-(e)-p-coumaroylglucoside)-beta-glucopyranoside) (5) have been isolated from the purple leaves of oxalis triangularis. compound 4 is new, while 5 has previously been iso ...	2005	16366694
characterization of the microbial community involved in the suppression of pythium aphanidermatum in cucumber grown on rockwool.	abstract the root pathogen pythium aphanidermatum induced lower levels of disease in cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants on unsterilized, re-used rockwool slabs than on heat-sterilized, re-used rockwool. several recolonization treatments of the sterilized rockwool enhanced the suppressiveness of the rockwool. microbial community structures in the different rockwool treatments were investigated by plate counts on selective media. disease suppressiveness in the different rockwool treatments showed t ...	2005	18943014
comparative study on biological parameters of bemisia tabaci (genn.) collected on four host plants from varamin-iran.	during 2003 biological parameters of sweetpotato whitefly, b. tabaci (genn.) (horn. aleyrodidae) as a major pest of field crops, vegetables and ornamentals were studied. in this study, the infested leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) zucchini (cucurbita pepo l.) eggplant (solanum melongena l.) and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) with whitefly nymphs and pupae were collected from varamin-iran, and were transferred to the laboratory. the newly emerged males and females of each population were r ...	2005	16628901
[characteristics of green mottle mosaic virus isolates in cucumbers from different regions of ukraine].	isolates of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv) obtained from three greenhouses of ukraine were identified. the rabbit antisera have been obtained for these isolates. these antisera can be used for diagnostics of cgmmv in plant material by indirect elisa. an analysis of cdna sequences of capsid protein of these viruses confirmed that they might be grouped into the novel strain of cgmmv.	2005	16493891
esterase polymorphism in meloidogyne konaensis.	the continual detection of a slow (i1) esterase band in greenhouse cultures of meloidogyne konaensis isolated from the field led to a hypothesis that the nematode may be polymorphic for esterase. a survey of coffee fields demonstrated at least four esterase phenotypes were present in meloidogyne recovered. an f1 phenotype predominated (60% of the females), but an i1 phenotype was also common (30% of samples). a series of greenhouse and laboratory experiments were undertaken to understand this po ...	2005	19262888
effect of soils from six management systems on root-knot nematodes and plant growth in greenhouse assays.	the effects of soil management systems on root-knot nematode (meloidogyne incognita) eggs and gall incidence on tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) and cucumber (cucumis sativus) following tomato were evaluated. soil was collected from a replicated field experiment in which six management systems were being assessed for vegetable production. soil management systems were conventional production, organic production, bahiagrass (paspalum notatum) pasture, bahiagrass: stylosanthes (stylosanthes guianen ...	2005	19262892
suppression of induced resistance in cucumber through disruption of the flavonoid pathway.	abstract in this study, cucumber plants (cucumis sativus) expressing induced resistance against powdery mildew (caused by podosphaera xanthii) were infiltrated with inhibitors of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, 4-coumarate:coa ligase (4cl), and chalcone synthase (chs) to evaluate the role of flavonoid phytoalexin production in induced disease resistance. light and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated ultrastructural changes in inhibited plants, and biochemical analyses determined levels of chs ...	2005	18943844
molecular phylogeny of cucumis species as revealed by consensus chloroplast ssr marker length and sequence variation.	to investigate phylogenetic relationships in the genus cucumis, 9 consensus chloroplast simple sequence repeat (ccssr) primer pairs (ccssr3, 9, 11, 13, 14, 17, 20, 21, and 23) were employed for dna fragment length variation and 5 amplified fragments, ccssr4, 12, 13, 19, and 20, were sequenced using total dna from 13 accessions representing 7 african cucumis species (x = 12), 3 cucumis melo l. (x = 12) accessions, 2 cucumis sativus l. (x = 7) accessions, and 1 cucumis hystrix chakr. (x = 12) acce ...	2006	16604104
the cucurbit images (1515-1518) of the villa farnesina, rome.	the gorgeous frescoes organized by the master renaissance painter raphael sanzio (1483-1520) and illustrating the heavenly adventures of cupid and psyche were painted between 1515 and 1518 to decorate the roman villa (now known as the villa farnesina) of the wealthy sienese banker agostino chigi (1466-1520). surrounding these paintings are festoons of fruits, vegetables and flowers painted by giovanni martini da udine (1487-1564), which include over 170 species of plants. a deconstruction and co ...	2006	16314340
radiation processing to ensure safety of minimally processed carrot (daucus carota) and cucumber (cucumis sativus): optimization of dose for the elimination of salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes.	minimally processed vegetables are in demand, because they offer convenience to consumers. however, these products are often unsafe because of possible contamination with pathogens, such as salmonella, escherichia coli o157:h7, and shigella species. therefore, this study was carried out to optimize the radiation dose necessary to ensure the safety of precut carrot and cucumber. decimal reduction doses (d-values) of salmonella typhimurium mtcc 98 were ca. 0.164 kgy in carrot samples and 0.178 kgy ...	2006	16496592
the alkaline transition of blue copper proteins, cucumis sativus plastocyanin and pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin.	autoreduction of cucumis sativus plastocyanin and pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin took place at alkaline phs, having been accompanied by the decrease in the intensities of the charge transfer band, cys-s- (pi)-->cu(ii) at 597 and 626 nm, and the cu(ii)-epr signals with small aii values of 6.5 x 10(-3) and 5.3 x 10(-3) cm(-1) for plastocyanin and azurin, respectively. further, an extra cu(ii)-epr signal with a large aii value of 21 x 10(-3) cm(-1) also reversibly emerged with increasing ph. plastoc ...	2006	16500649
mannose selection system used for cucumber transformation.	the selectable marker system, which utilizes the pmi gene encoding for phosphomannose-isomerase that converts mannose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate, was adapted for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). only transformed cells were capable of utilizing mannose as a carbon source. the highest transformation frequency of 23% was obtained with 10 g/l mannose and 10 g/l sucrose in the medium. molecular, genetic analysis, and pmi activity assay showed that the r ...	2006	16565859
two-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality.	we show that the chromaticness of the visual signal that results from the two-color mixing achieved through an optically enhanced binocular device is directly related to the band ratio of light intensity at the two selected wavebands. a technique that implements the band-ratio criterion in a visual device by using two-color mixing is presented here. the device will allow inspectors to identify targets visually in accordance with a two-wavelength band ratio. it is a method of inspection by human ...	2006	16485678
simultaneous quantitative lc-esi-ms/ms analyses of salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in crude extracts of cucumis sativus under biotic stress.	salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) are plant hormones involved in basal resistance against plant pathogens and also in induced resistance. the aim of this study is to develop a fast and sensitive method to determine simultaneously the levels of both these hormones. the present paper proposes a method that includes hormone extraction with meoh-h(2)o-hoac (90:9:1, v/v), evaporation of the extracts, and injection into the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometr ...	2006	16403544
complete sequence and organization of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. baekmibaekdadagi) chloroplast genome.	the nucleotide sequence of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l. cv. baekmibaekdadagi) chloroplast genome was completed. the circular double-stranded dna, consisting of 155,527 bp, contained a pair of inverted repeat regions (ira and irb) of 25,187 bp each, which were separated by small and large single copy regions of 86,879 and 18,274 bp, respectively. the presence and relative positions of 113 genes (76 peptide-encoding genes, 30 trna genes, four rrna genes, and three conserved open reading frames ...	2006	16362300
accumulation of gentisic acid as associated with systemic infections but not with the hypersensitive response in plant-pathogen interactions.	in the present work we have studied the accumulation of gentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, a metabolic derivative of salicylic acid, sa) in the plant-pathogen systems, cucumis sativus and gynura aurantiaca, infected with either prunus necrotic ringspot virus (pnrsv) or the exocortis viroid (cevd), respectively. both pathogens produced systemic infections and accumulated large amounts of the intermediary signal molecule gentisic acid as ascertained by electrospray ionization mass spectrome ...	2006	16331468
plant parasitic and vector nematodes associated with asiatic and oriental hybrid lilies.	a survey for distribution and abundance of plant parasitic nematodes in fields grown to lilium in himachal pradesh, india at four study sites viz. nagrota (at 810 m a.s.l.), palampur (at 1270 m a.s.l.), sunder nagar (at 1400 m a.s.l.) and chail (at 2250 m a.s.l.) was carried out. moderate (101-500/200 ml soil) to high (501-1000/200 ml soil) populations of phytonematodes including the vectors for plant viruses (aphelenchoides avenae, criconemoides spp., hoplolaimus spp., longidorus spp., paratyle ...	2006	15896955
occurrence of natural bacillus thuringiensis contaminants and residues of bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticides on fresh fruits and vegetables.	a total of 128 bacillus cereus-like strains isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables for sale in retail shops in denmark were characterized. of these strains, 39% (50/128) were classified as bacillus thuringiensis on the basis of their content of cry genes determined by pcr or crystal proteins visualized by microscopy. random amplified polymorphic dna analysis and plasmid profiling indicated that 23 of the 50 b. thuringiensis strains were of the same subtype as b. thuringiensis strains used as ...	2006	16672488
[induction of cucumber hairy roots and effect of cytokinin 6-ba on its growth and morphology].	hairy roots of cucumis sativus l. could be incited directly from the cut edges of 10-day-old cotyledon explants after infection with the strain agrobacterium rhizogenes atcc15834 harboring agropine-type plasmid, pria4b for 5 days. it was observed that the percentage of rooting cotyledon explants was more than 90 % 10 days after infection. hairy roots could grow rapidly and highly branched on solid plant growth regulator-free ms medium. the pcr amplification of rol b genes and vir c gene showed t ...	2006	16755937
expression of recombinant digitalis lanata ehrh. cardenolide 16'-o-glucohydrolase in cucumis sativus l. hairy roots.	the coding sequence for the digitalis lanata ehrh. cardenolide 16'-o-glucohydrolase was inserted downstream of the 35s promoter in the binary vector pbi121 resulting in plant expression vector pbi121cgh. cotyledon explants excised from 10-day-old seedlings of cucumis sativus l. were transformed using agrobacterium rhizogenes 15834 harbouring pbi121cgh. hairy roots were obtained from infected cotyledon explants in vitro 10 days after inoculation. pcr amplification of coding sequences for cgh i, r ...	2006	16775721
expression and functional analyses of the plastid lipid-associated protein chrc suggest its role in chromoplastogenesis and stress.	chromoplastogenesis during flower development and fruit ripening involves the dramatic overaccumulation of carotenoids sequestered into structures containing lipids and proteins called plastid lipid-associated proteins (paps). chrc, a cucumber (cucumis sativus) pap, has been suggested to be transcriptionally activated in carotenoid-accumulating flowers by gibberellin (ga). mybys, a myb-like trans-activator identified here, may represent a chromoplastogenesis-related factor: its expression is flo ...	2006	16815957
[dynamics of abundance of antifungal strains of pseudomonas in the rhizosphere of hydroponic cucumbers grown on greenhouse mineral substrate].	data were obtained on the dynamics of the abundance of the biocontrol strains of pseudomonas chlororaphis spb1217 and pseudomonas fluorescens spb2137 with antifungal activity. these strains are able to develop in the rhizosphere of cucumbers grown on mineral substrate under hydroponic conditions in industrial greenhouses. after four weeks of vegetation of plants, the abundance of the inoculated strains was 19-28% of the total bacterial numbers determined by inoculation onto solid medium. the inv ...	2006	16871809
characterization of a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene from cucumber required for trichoderma-conferred plant resistance.	the fungal biocontrol agent trichoderma asperellum has been recently shown to induce systemic resistance in plants through a mechanism that employs jasmonic acid and ethylene signal transduction pathways. mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) proteins have been implicated in the signal transduction of a wide variety of plant stress responses. here we report the identification and characterization of a trichoderma-induced mapk (tipk) gene function in cucumber (cucumis sativus). similar to its h ...	2006	16950863
cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	we describe two novel agrobacterium tumefaciens-based methods of cucumber transformation. the first involves direct regeneration from leaf microexplants selected on kanamycin-containing medium. the second involves regeneration from a long-term established embryogenic suspension culture emitting green autofluorescence (gaf) and selection on medium containing hygromycin. in the latter method, gaf was used as a reporter, thereby allowing a simple and reliable identification of transgenic cells with ...	2006	16988365
biological activity of new n-oxides of tertiary amines.	potential biological properties of newly synthesized single and double alkyl chain n-oxides of tertiary amines (nta) were studied. individual compounds in each of the series had alkyl chains of different length. various experiments were performed to determine a mechanism of the interaction between nta and model and biological membranes. these were measurements of hemolytic efficiencies of nta (pig erythrocytes), their influence on the transition temperatures (dppc liposomes), on potassium leakag ...	2006	17137119
synthesis of new phytogrowth-inhibitory substituted aryl-p-benzoquinones.	reaction of [(2-alkyloxy)methyl]-1,4-dimethoxybenzene 10 (alkyl=butyl, hexyl, decyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl) with ceric ammonium nitrate in order to produce p-benzoquinones (=cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-diones) afforded 5-[(alkyloxy)methyl]-2-(4-formyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)benzo-1,4-quinones 12a-12g in yields that varied from 46 to 97%, accompanied by 2-[(alkyloxy)methyl]benzo-1,4-quinones 11a-11g in only small quantities (< or =5%). these quinones resemble the natural phytoto ...	2006	17193291
[salt resistance and its mechanism of cucumber under effects of exogenous chemical activators].	with root injection and foliar spray, this paper studied the effects of different concentrations salicylic acid, brassinolide, chitosan and spermidine on the growth, morphogenesis, and physiological and biochemical characters of cucumber ( cucumis sativus l. ) seedlings under 200 mmol x l(-1) nacl stress. the results showed that at proper concentrations, these four exogenous chemical activators could markedly decrease the salt stress index and mortality of cucumber seedlings, and the decrement i ...	2006	17209385
[mitigating the repress of cinnamic acid to cucumber growth by microbial strain].	cucumber is one of the most important vegetable species. its continuous planting has become a common practice demand in many areas of china, but an obstacle from continuous planting made sustainable production of this crop to be prohibited. the self-toxic effect was considered as an important negative factor to continuous cropping cucumber. and cinnamic acid was found to be the main substance to cause self-toxic. strain ha8, which isolated from waste water estuary in zhuhai city and has been aut ...	2006	17302157
[effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and fruit quality of plastic greenhouse cucumis sativus l].	in this paper, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) glomus versiforme (gv), glomus mosseae (gm), glomus intraradices (gi) and their mixtures were applied to inoculate plastic greenhouse cucumis sativus seedlings to investigate the effects of amf on c. sativus growth, development, yield, and quality. the results showed that all test amf could form mycorrhiza with cucumber roots, and the infected rate reached 41.74% - 55.69%. compared with the control, treatments gv, gm, gm + gv, gm + gv + gi and gv ...	2006	17330479
salicylic acid accumulates in the roots and hypocotyl after inoculation of cucumber leaves with colletotrichum lagenarium.	increased amounts of salicylic acid (sa) were detected in the roots and hypocotyl of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus) using high-performance liquid chromatography following inoculation of the leaves with the anthracnose pathogen, colletotrichum lagenarium. the concentrations of sa in the internodes immediately below the infected leaves increased to more than 1microg/g fresh weight. in contrast, the concentrations of sa in stems distant from, or above the infected leaves increased to 100-300ng/g ...	2006	17032616
[effects of exogenous spermidine on cucumis sativus l. seedlings photosynthesis under root zone hypoxia stress].	with water culture, this paper studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (spd) on the net photosynthetic rate (pn), intercellular co2 concentrations (ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (tr), apparent quantum yield (phi c), and carboxylation efficiency (ce) of cucumber seedlings tinder hypoxia stress. the results showed that the pn decreased gradually under hypoxia stress, and reached the minimum 10 days after by 63. 33% of the control. compared with that of hypoxia-stressed pla ...	2006	17147166
sea urchin granuloma.	injuries caused by venomous and poisonous aquatic animals may provoke important morbidity in humans. the phylum echinoderma include more than 6000 species of starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers some of which have been found responsible for injuries to humans. initial injuries by sea urchins are associated with trauma and envenomation, but later effects can be observed. sea urchin granuloma is a chronic granulomatous skin disease caused by frequent and successive penetration of ...	2006	17086323
evaluation of primary and secondary treated and disinfected wastewater irrigation of tomato and cucumber plants under greenhouse conditions, regarding growth and safety considerations.	tomato and cucumber seedlings were distributed into 10 groups (five for each plant) of 15 plants each. the plants were irrigated for 10 weeks with primary treated wastewater (group a), secondary treated wastewater (group b), chlorinated secondary treated wastewater (group c), a fertilizer dilution (group f), and tap water (group m). all precautions were taken to secure that there was no direct contact between the wastewater and the edible portions of the crops. during this period and on a weekly ...	2006	17059131
sediment-bound inorganic hg extraction mechanisms in the gut fluids of marine deposit feeders.	the contributions of different free amino acids and proteins to the overall extraction of sediment-bound inorganic mercury (hg) by gut fluids collected from deposit-feeding sipunculans and sea cucumbers were evaluated. the organic content and the hg concentration in the sediment were modified to investigate their effects on hg extraction. cysteine was the key free amino acid in complexing hg while proteins in the gut fluids also contributed significantly to the extraction. different size fractio ...	2006	17051819
a functional response model of a predator population foraging in a patchy habitat.	1. functional response models (e.g. holling's disc equation) that do not take the spatial distributions of prey and predators into account are likely to produce biased estimates of predation rates. 2. to investigate the consequences of ignoring prey distribution and predator aggregation, a general analytical model of a predator population occupying a patchy environment with a single species of prey is developed. 3. the model includes the density and the spatial distribution of the prey populatio ...	2006	17009758
synthesis and herbicidal activity of n,n-diethyl-3-(arylselenonyl)-1h-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamide.	based on the carbamoyl triazole herbicide cafenstrole, 12 novel selenium-containing compounds were designed and synthesized. all of the compounds were characterized and confirmed by ir, 1h nmr, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. the bioassay tests showed that some of the compounds (c2, c4, c(7-8), and c12) exhibited good inhibitory activity against cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) and semen euphorbiae (leptochloa chinensis n.). especially, compound c6 inhibited the growth of cucumber and semen ...	2006	17002445
[effects of soil surface mulching on the growth and physiological characteristics of grafted and non-grafted cucumbers in solar greenhouse].	this paper studied the effects of wheat straw mulching, plastic film mulching, and wheat straw plus plastic film mulching on the growth and physiological characteristics of grafted and non-grafted cucumis sativus in solar greenhouse. the results showed that compared with the control, the plant height, stem diameter, photosynthetic rate, and root vitality of grafted c. sativus under wheat straw plus plastic film mulching, plastic film mulching, and wheat straw mulching were increased by 91, 71 an ...	2006	16964937
[characteristics of srap marker in detecting polymorphism of cucumber genome].	when srap (sequence-related amplified polymorphism) marker was used in constructing genetic map and analyzing qtl for high temperature resistance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), it exhibited certain characteristics in detecting genomic polymorphism. when each forward primer was combined with different reverse primers, the number of primer combinations that produced polymorphism ranged from five to eight. when each reverse primer was in combination with different forward primers, the number of ...	2006	17098714
ngiwyamide-induced contraction of tube feet and distribution of ngiwyamide-like immunoreactivity in nerves of the starfish asterina pectinifera.	ngiwyamide, a neuropeptide recently isolated from sea cucumbers, was tested on tube feet of the starfish asterina pectinifera. ngiwyamide (10(-6)-10(-4) m) caused contraction of isolated tube feet. ngiwyamide-like immunoreactivity (ngiwya-li) was investigated with an antiserum against ngiwyamide. ngiwya-li was found in the radial nerve cord (rnc), the marginal nerve, and the tube feet. both ectoneural and hyponeural parts of the rnc showed ngiwya-li. immunoreactive cell bodies were found in both ...	2006	16908962
the female-specific cs-acs1g gene of cucumber. a case of gene duplication and recombination between the non-sex-specific 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene and a branched-chain amino acid transaminase gene.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a monoecious plant in which female sex expression (gynoecy) is controlled by the female (f) locus that can be modified by other sex-determining genes as well as by environmental and hormonal factors. as in many other cucurbits, ethylene is the major plant hormone regulating female sex expression. previously we isolated the cs-acs1 (acs, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase) gene that encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. we ...	2006	16887844
in situ reverse transcription pcr on plant tissues.	in situ detection techniques allow specific nucleic acid sequences to be exposed in morphologically preserved tissue sections. in combination with immunocytochemistry, in situ detection can relate microscopic topological information to gene activity at the transcript or protein levels in specific tissues. the advantage of in situ methods over the conventional techniques (e.g., northern blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [rt-pcr], or real-time pcr) is that they allow the invest ...	2006	16861764
short-term vegetable intake by young children classified by 6-n-propylthoiuracil bitter-taste phenotype.	genetic variation in sensitivity to the bitterness of 6-n-propylthiouracil (prop) is thought to play a role in the acceptance and rejection of bitter-tasting vegetables by young children.	2006	16825702
impact of atmospheric co2 on growth, photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) plants.	expression and activity of nitrate reductase (nr; ec 1.6.6.1) and glutamine synthetase (gs; ec 6.3.1.2) were analysed in relation to the rate of co(2) assimilation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) leaves. intact plants were exposed to different atmospheric co(2) concentrations (100, 400 and 1200microll(-1)) for 14 days. a correlation between the in vivo rates of net co(2) assimilation and the atmospheric co(2) concentrations was observed. transpiration rate and stomatal conductance remained unaf ...	2006	16777528
differential accumulation of the mrna of the auxin-repressed gene csgrp1 and the auxin-induced peg formation during gravimorphogenesis of cucumber seedlings.	when cucumber seeds are germinated horizontally, an outgrowth (peg) develops on the lower side of the transition zone between the hypocotyl and the root for pulling the cotyledons and plumule out of the seed coat. we previously suggested that gravistimulation suppresses peg formation on the upper side of the transition zone when placed in a horizontal position. in the gravistimulated transition zone, auxin and the mrnas of auxin-inducible genes are more abundant in the lower side than in the upp ...	2006	16773375
organic substances in xylem sap delivered to above-ground organs by the roots.	squash (cucurbita maxima) xylem sap, an apoplastic fluid, contains t-zeatin riboside, glutamine, methylglycine, myo-inositol, fructose, oligosaccharides of arabinogalactan, glucan, galacturonan, and pectins (rhamnogalacturonan-i and rhamnogalacturonan-ii), as well as various proteins, including arabinogalactan and pathogen-related proteins. these substances are mainly produced in stele (xylem) parenchyma and the pericycle in the root-hair zone where ion transporter genes are expressed. glycine-r ...	2006	16733632
involvement of inorganic elements in tissue reunion in the hypocotyl cortex of cucumis sativus.	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) hypocotyls were transversely cut to half their diameter, and morphological analyses of the tissue-reunion process in the cortex were conducted to elucidate the involvement of root-derived factors. cell division in the cortex commenced 3 days after cutting, and the cortex was nearly fully united within 7 days. in shoots from which the roots were removed and which were cultured in water, cell division occurred during tissue reunion; however, thick-wall layer formed in ...	2006	16688393
mercury toxicity induces oxidative stress in growing cucumber seedlings.	in this study, the effects of exogenous mercury (hgcl(2)) on time-dependent changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and protein oxidation in cucumber seedlings (cucumis sativus l.) were investigated. cucumber seedlings were exposed to from 0 to 500microm of hgcl(2) during 10 and 15 days. hg was readily absorbed by growing seedlings, and its content was greater in the roots than the in shoot. time and concentrat ...	2006	16674986
tensilin-like stiffening protein from holothuria leucospilota does not induce the stiffest state of catch connective tissue.	the dermis of sea cucumbers is a catch connective tissue or mutable connective tissue that exhibits large changes in mechanical properties. a stiffening protein, tensilin, has been isolated from the sea cucumber cucumaria frondosa. we purified a similar protein, h-tensilin, from holothuria leucospilota, which belongs to a different family to c. frondosa. h-tensilin appeared as a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 34 kda on sds-page. no sugar chain was detected. tryptic fragments of t ...	2006	16621940
influence of citric acid amendments on the availability of weathered pcbs to plant and earthworm species.	a series of small and large pot trials were conducted to assess the phytoextraction potential of several plant species for weathered polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in soil (105 microg/g arochlor 1268). in addition, the effect of citric acid on pcb bioavailability to both plants and earthworms was assessed. under small pot conditions (one plant, 400 g soil), three cucurbits (cucurbita pepo ssp pepo [zucchini] and ssp ovifera [nonzucchini summer squash], cucumis sativus, cucumber) accumulated up ...	2006	16615308
inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd (momordica charantia l.).	the inheritance of sex expression in cucumber (cucumis sativus) and other cucurbits is well documented; however, the genetics of female sex (gynoecism) expression in bitter gourd (momordica charantia) has not been described. inheritance of gynoecism in bitter gourd was studied in a 100% gynoecious line (gy263b). the f(2) and testcross segregation data revealed that gynoecism in gy263b is under the control of a single, recessive gene. following the gene nomenclature of cucurbits, it is proposed t ...	2006	16614136
a survey of nitrate and nitrite content of fruit and vegetables grown in slovenia during 1996-2002.	monitoring of nitrate (no(3)(-)) and nitrite (no(2)(-)) content in agricultural products in slovenia has been carried out since 1996. the results of monitoring over the period 1996-2002 are presented. during this time 924 samples of 14 different agricultural products (potato, lettuce, apples, carrot, silage maize, cabbage, grapes, peaches, string beans, cereals, pears, cucumbers, strawberries and tomato) were analysed. the samples were taken at the time of maturity directly from growing sites an ...	2006	16546884
contribution of mesenterial muscle dedifferentiation to intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber holothuria glaberrima.	holothurians (sea cucumbers) have been known from ancient times to have the capacity to regenerate their internal organs. in the species holothuria glaberrima, intestinal regeneration involves the formation of thickenings along the free mesentery edge; these thickenings will later give rise to the regenerated organ. we have previously documented that a remodeling of the extracellular matrix and changes in the muscle layer occur during the formation of the intestinal primordium. in order to analy ...	2006	16541286
calcium and calcium-dependent protein kinases are involved in nitric oxide- and auxin-induced adventitious root formation in cucumber.	a few years ago it was demonstrated that nitric oxide (no) and cgmp are involved in the auxin response during adventitious root (ar) formation in cucumber (cucumis sativus). more recently, a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade was shown to be induced by iaa in a no-dependent, but cgmp-independent, pathway. in the present study, the involvement of ca2+ and the regulation of ca2+-dependent protein kinase (cdpk) activity during iaa- and no-induced ar formation was evaluated in cucumber explant ...	2006	16531462
[aryl sulfatase of unusual specificity from the liver of marine mollusk littorina kurila].	an aryl sulfatase of unusual specificity has been isolated from the liver of marine mollusk littorina kurila. it hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl sulfate, does not affect the natural fucoidan, and catalyzes splitting off of the sulfate group in position c4 of xylose residues within the carbohydrate chains of holostane triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers. the properties of the enzyme were studied at ph 5.4. the protein is homogeneous according to electrophoresis and has m 45 +/- 1 kda. the semiinact ...	2006	16523723
[effects of exogenous silicon on active oxygen scavenging systems in chloroplasts of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings under salt stress].	with k(2)sio(4) (1.0 mmol/l) treatment, the effects of si on the distribution of na(+), k(+) to chloroplasts and antioxidant system of cucumber leaves under 50 mmol/l nacl stress were studied. the results showed that there was a selective transport of k(+) into the chloroplasts so that na(+) content of chloroplasts was lower under si treatment (table 1); h(2)o(2) and mda contents in chloroplasts were significantly decreased (fig.1), and the activities of sod, apx, gr and dhar were increased simu ...	2006	16477139
tissue-culture-responsive and autotetraploidy-responsive changes in metabolic profiles of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	somaclonal variation commonly occurs during in vitro plant regeneration and may introduce unintended changes in numerous plant characters. in order to assess the range of tissue-culture-responsive changes on the biochemical level, the metabolic profiles of diploid and tetraploid cucumber r1 plants regenerated from leaf-derived callus were determined. gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for monitoring of 48 metabolites and many significant changes were found in metabolic profiles o ...	2006	16424604
population development by phenotypic selection with subsequent marker-assisted selection for line extraction in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	cucumber (cucumis sativus l.; 2n = 2x = 14) has a narrow genetic base, and commercial yield of us processing cucumber has plateaued in the last 15 years. yield may be increased by altering plant architecture to produce unique early flowering (days to flower, dtf), female (gynoecious, gyn), highly branched (multiple lateral branching, mlb), long-fruited (length:diameter ratio, l:d) cultivars with diverse plant statures. the genetic map position of qtl conditioning these quantitatively inherited y ...	2006	16397790
synthesis and herbicidal activity of novel 3-aminocarbonyl-2-oxazolidinethione derivatives containing a substituted pyridine ring.	a series of 3-aminocarbonyl-2-oxazolidinethione derivatives containing a substituted pyridine ring were designed and synthesized. the structures of all of the title compounds were characterized by 1h nmr, 13c nmr, ir, and hrms. their agricultural bioactivities were evaluated, and some of these compounds exhibited good herbicidal activities against echinochloa crusgalli, sorghum vulgare, digitaria sanguinalis, eclipta prostrasta, cucumis sativus, and brassica campestris, which were associated mai ...	2006	16390188
qtl analysis of powdery mildew resistance in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.).	a population of f7 recombinant inbred lines (rils) was made from a cross between susceptible ('santou') and resistant (pi197088-1) lines of cucumber in order to study powdery mildew resistance loci. susceptibility to powdery mildew in the f7 ril individuals showed a continuous distribution from susceptible to resistant, suggesting that powdery mildew resistance is controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtls). a qtl analysis identified two and three loci for powdery mildew resistance under 26 and ...	2006	16240105
in vivo fragmentation of the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase by reactive oxygen species in an intact leaf of cucumber under chilling-light conditions.	previous studies have demonstrated that the large subunit (lsu) of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) is site-specifically cleaved by a hydroxyl radical (oh) generated in the illuminated chloroplast lysates or by an artificial oh-generating system. however, it is not known whether such cleavage of the lsu by reactive oxygen species (ros) actually occurs in an intact leaf. when leaf discs of chilling-sensitive cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were illuminated at 4 degrees c, five majo ...	2006	16373381
accumulation of weathered polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by plant and earthworm species.	experiments were conducted to assess the bioavailability of polyclycic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in soil from a manufactured gas plant site. three plant species were cultivated for four consecutive growing cycles (28 days each) in soil contaminated with 36.3 microg/g total pah. during the first growth period, cucurbita pepo ssp. pepo (zucchini) tissues contained significantly greater quantities of pahs than did cucumis sativus (cucumber) and cucurbita pepo ssp. ovifera (squash). during the fi ...	2006	16337258
genotypic variation of rubisco expression, photosynthetic electron flow and antioxidant metabolism in the chloroplasts of chill-exposed cucumber plants.	genetic improvement of agronomic crops is necessary to cope with chilling stress. to identify the physiological factors responsible for this genotypic difference in chill-induced inhibition of photosynthesis, leaf co2 assimilation, the electron flux in the chloroplast and the antioxidant metabolism in isolated chloroplasts were examined in two genotypes of cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants with distinct chilling tolerance. cucumber plants were exposed to 100 micromol m(-2) s(-1) at 9/7 degrees c ...	2006	16326754
molecular phylogeny of coral-reef sea cucumbers (holothuriidae: aspidochirotida) based on 16s mitochondrial ribosomal dna sequence.	members of the holothuriidae, found globally at low to middle latitudes, are often a dominant component of indo-west pacific coral reefs. we present the first phylogeny of the group, using 8 species from the 5 currently recognized genera and based on approximately 540 nucleotides from a polymerase chain reaction-amplified and conserved 3' section of 16s mitochondrial ribosomal dna. parsimony and likelihood analyses returned identical topologies, permitting several robust inferences to be drawn. ...	2006	15997365
assessment of comparative toxicities of lead and copper using plant assay.	the acute toxicities of lead (pb) and copper (cu) to important crop plants sorghum bicolor, cucumis sativus, triticum aestivum, and zea mays were compared. the ec50 values (the concentration of metals in the soil that reduces the growth of shoots and roots by 50%) were derived using the trimmed spearman-karber method. the ec50s-shoot (root) in mg pb kg-1 dry soil and mg cu kg-1 dry soil were in the range of 519 to >1280 (285-445), and 48-232 (<40-110), respectively. those concentrations are like ...	2006	16153686
ionic content in plant extracts determined by ion chromatography with conductivity detection.	a simple method is described for the determination of the ionic content of vegetable samples by ion chromatography with suppressed conductivity detection. extracts of leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus), leaves and cotyledons of watermelon (citrullus lanantus), cotyledons of zucchini (cucurbitapepo), and leaves and roots of olive (olea europaea) obtained at room temperature yielded chromatographic profiles with substantial differences in the relative contents of cl-, no3-, hpo4(2-) and so4(2-) ...	2006	12793466
characterization of the adhesive from cuvierian tubules of the sea cucumber holothuria forskali (echinodermata, holothuroidea).	sea cucumbers possess a peculiar specialized defense system: the so-called cuvierian tubules. the system is mobilized when the animal is mechanically stimulated, resulting in the discharge of a few white filaments, the tubules. their great adhesivity, combined with their high tensile strength, allows cuvierian tubules to entangle and immobilize potential predators. the cellular origin and composition of the cuvierian tubule adhesive were investigated in the species holothuria forskali by studyin ...	2006	12925918
[influence of pre-sowing gamma-irradiation on the biology and fruitfulness of cucumbers].		2006	1208812
measurement of textural changes of food by mri relaxometry.	this article summarises the current status of, and future prospects for, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (mri) to evaluate the texture of a range of foods, and changes therein which accompany pathogen infection, natural ageing, damage, ripening and processing. the basic concept is that the magnetic resonance parameters of water are sufficiently sensitive to the texture of the food matrix, that magnetic resonance images of the spatial distribution of those parameters are effectively maps of ...	2006	9803894
cucumber carbohydrate metabolism and translocation under chilling night temperature.	a cold-tolerant line (ny-1) and a cold-sensitive cultivar (jinyan 4) of cucumber (cucumis sativus) were treated with temperatures of 28 degrees c/22 degrees c or 28 degrees c/12 degrees c (day/night) in a 10-h photoperiod. carbohydrates and related enzymes were assayed from 0 to 4 h after the start of the dark period. compared to the normal night temperature (22 degrees c, control), sucrose, stachyose and galactinol increased in mature leaves under cold-night treatment (12 degrees c) while sucro ...	2007	16616970
molecular cloning of a cdna encoding a high mobility group protein in cucumis sativus and its expression by abiotic stress treatments.	a cdna encoding a high mobility group b (hmgb) protein was isolated from cucumis sativus and characterized with respect to its sequence, expression and responses to various abiotic stress treatments. the predicted polypeptide of 146 amino acid residues contains characteristic features of hmgb family proteins including the n-terminal basic region, one hmg-box and a stretch of acidic amino acid residues at the c-terminus. in vitro nucleic acid-binding assay revealed that the hmgb protein bound to ...	2007	16781795
phytoextraction of excess soil phosphorus.	in the search for a suitable plant to be used in p phytoremediation, several species belonging to legume, vegetable and herb crops were grown in p-enriched soils, and screened for p accumulation potentials. a large variation in p concentrations of different plant species was observed. some vegetable species such as cucumber (cucumis sativus) and yellow squash (cucurbita pepo var. melopepo) were identified as potential p accumulators with >1% (dry weight) p in their shoots. these plants also disp ...	2007	16904249
agricultural recycling of treatment-plant sludge: a case study for a vegetable-processing factory.	the present study evaluated the possibility of using the sludge produced by a vegetable-processing factory in agriculture. the sludge was amended with a soil mixture (i.e., a mixture of sand, soil, and manure) and was applied at 0, 165, 330, 495 and 660 t/ha to promote the growth of cucumbers. the effects of various sludge loadings on plant growth were assessed by counting plants and leaves, measuring stem lengths, and weighing the green parts and roots of the plants. we also compared heavy meta ...	2007	16934389
structural-functional changes in detached cucumber leaves, and modelling these by hormone-treated leaf discs.	senescence and rejuvenation were investigated in detached cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) leaves after cultivation in nutrient solution for one week or four weeks. rooting of the petiole (visible generally from the 7th day) elicited a combination of different morphological, anatomical, and physiological changes in the lamina. extensive growth in area and thickness, extreme regreening, changes of chloroplast structure and activity, as well as the pattern of chl-protein complexes were observed and c ...	2007	17006800
germanium-68 as an adequate tracer for silicon transport in plants. characterization of silicon uptake in different crop species.	a basic problem in silicon (si) uptake studies in biology is the lack of an appropriate radioactive isotope. radioactive germanium-68 ((68)ge) has been used previously as a si tracer in biological materials, but its suitability for the study of si transport in higher plants is still untested. in this study, we investigated (68)ge-traced si uptake by four crop species differing widely in uptake capacity for si, including rice (oryza sativa), barley (hordeum vulgare), cucumber (cucumis sativus), a ...	2007	17098850
exogonadal oogenesis in a temperate holothurian.	unusual structures were detected on the visceral peritoneum of the ovarian tubules in about 5%-10% of female sea cucumbers (cucumaria frondosa) collected off newfoundland, eastern canada. the condition varied from mild to severe, with localized castration observed in the most heavily affected tubule sections. investigation of the structures using histology, transmission electron microscopy (tem), and gene analysis revealed that they were oocytes at different stages of development, growing singly ...	2007	17928517
thermal requirement and development of liriomyza sativae (diptera: agromyzidae) on cucumber.	the effect of temperature on developmental rate of vegetable leafminer, liriomyza sativae blanchard (diptera: agromyzidae), was determined at seven constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 degrees c) on cucumber, cucumis sativus l. 'negin'. the total developmental period (oviposition to adult emergence) decreased with increasing temperature, although no development occurred at 10 and 40 degrees c. using the linear model, the estimated lower temperature threshold for the egg, larval, ...	2007	17461057