Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| in vitro activity of a novel antimycobacterial compound, n-octanesulfonylacetamide, and its effects on lipid and mycolic acid synthesis. | beta-sulfonyl carboxamides have been proposed to serve as transition-state analogues of the beta-ketoacyl synthase reaction involved in fatty acid elongation. we tested the efficacy of n-octanesulfonylacetamide (osa) as an inhibitor of fatty acid and mycolic acid biosynthesis in mycobacteria. using the bactec radiometric growth system, we observed that osa inhibits the growth of several species of slow-growing mycobacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis (h37rv and clinical isolates), the ... | 2001 | 11257028 |
| ahpc, ahpd, and a secreted 14-kilodalton antigen from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis distinguish between paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | sera from cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (n = 56) and naturally (n = 4) and experimentally (n = 8) infected with mycobacterium bovis were tested for the presence of antibodies against paratuberculosis antigens. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was established based on absorption of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens on a hyperimmune antiserum against m. avium subsp. avium proteins in order to remove cross-reacting antigens. this abso ... | 2001 | 11427429 |
| isolation and diagnostic potential of ismav2, a novel insertion sequence-like element from mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | a novel mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) specific insertion sequence has been identified by representational difference analysis and designated as ismav2. ismav2 has no similarity to known mycobacterial is elements but shows more than 50% identity to a non-composite transposon of streptomyces coelicolor at the dna and protein level. ismav2 is present in at least three copies on the genome as assessed by southern blot analysis and its potential value as a diagnostic ... | 2001 | 11257544 |
| seroprevalence of infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, bovine leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus in maritime canada dairy cattle. | the purpose of this study was to survey the seroprevalence of infection with the agents of production-limiting diseases in dairy cattle in new brunswick, nova scotia, and prince edward island. in 30 randomly selected herds per province, 30 cattle per herd were randomly selected and tested for antibodies to bovine leukemia virus (blv) and mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), while 5 unvaccinated cattle over 6 months of age were tested for antibodies to bovine vir ... | 2001 | 11265187 |
| molecular epidemiological confirmation and circumstances of occurrence of sheep (s) strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cases of paratuberculosis in cattle in australia and sheep and cattle in iceland. | distinct strains of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with a tendency to segregate in either sheep, or cattle and other ruminants, have been described and are known as s and c strains, respectively. these strains can be distinguished by a polymorphism in the is1311 element and other dna-based methods. c strains are relatively easy to culture from tissues and faeces of animals with paratuberculosis but s strains are difficult to culture. a retrospective survey of archival formalin-fixed ... | 2001 | 11267791 |
| uptake of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis through the distal small intestinal mucosa in goats: an ultrastructural study. | various pathogens gain access to the intestinal wall via specialized cells, the m cells, found among the follicle-associated epithelial cells overlying the domes of the peyer's patches. the present study was undertaken to examine the uptake of live mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the distal small intestine of goat kids. following laparotomy, distal small intestinal segments of five goats were ligated and injected with bacterial suspension. after 1 hour, the intestinal segments wer ... | 2001 | 11280374 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: pathogen, pathogenesis and diagnosis. | johne's disease, or paratuberculosis, is a chronic intestinal infection caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the usually fatal disease is characterised by cachexia, and in some species diarrhoea, after a long pre-clinical phase. treatment is ineffective and economically impracticable. the infection primarily affects domestic and free-ranging ruminants, but has also been reported in primates, rabbits, stoats and foxes. since paratuberculosis is often subclinical, under-reporting ... | 2001 | 11288509 |
| control of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in agricultural species. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease is a chronic intestinal disease caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, which continues to spread in agricultural species. control of paratuberculosis is challenging and should not be underestimated. due to the long incubation period of the infection, disease is largely subclinical in domesticated livestock. hence, direct effects on animal productivity and welfare are often masked and may appear insufficient to justify large investments in contr ... | 2001 | 11288510 |
| identification and characterization of a gene encoding a 35-kda protein from mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants. a gene homologous to that of 35-kda antigen of mycobacterium leprae was cloned and sequenced from mycobacterium paratuberculosis. the database searches revealed 82.79% and 95.67% similarities of its nucleotide sequence, with those of immunodominant 35-kda protein of m. leprae and m. avium, respectively. | 2001 | 11267779 |
| review article: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of crohn's disease. | a number of theories regarding the aetiology of crohn's disease have been proposed. diet, infections, other unidentified environmental factors and immune disregulation, all working under the influence of a genetic predisposition, have been viewed with suspicion. many now believe that crohn's disease is a syndrome caused by several aetiologies. the two leading theories are the infectious and autoimmune theories. the leading infectious candidate is mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis ( ... | 2001 | 11207508 |
| fluid dairy product quality and safety: looking to the future. | the fiercely competitive nature of the us beverage industry will drive the fluid milk sector of the dairy industry to improve product quality and shelf life to enable dairy beverages to compete with innovative new introductions as well as with currently popular shelf-stable products. the recent substantial growth in the volume of flavored milk sales specifically suggests that attention is needed to improve these products. further, increasing public awareness and regulatory attention directed tow ... | 2001 | 11210019 |
| incidence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in raw sheep and goats' milk in england, wales and northern ireland. | a blind survey of 104 raw sheep and goats' milk samples (90 goat, 14 sheeps) from bulk tanks on farms throughout england, wales and northern ireland was carried out over a 5-month period (january-may 1998) in order to determine the incidence of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. each milk sample (100 ml) was divided into two 50ml portions. one portion was decontaminated with 0.75% hexadecylpyridinium chloride for 5h before culture on slopes of herrold's egg yolk medium and in bactec radiometric med ... | 2001 | 11230934 |
| presence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in suspensions of ovine trichostrongylid larvae produced in faecal cultures artificially contaminated with the bacterium. | a reference strain of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis was added to faecal larval cultures of haemonchus contortus, ostertagia circumcincta and trichostrongylus colubriformis. samples of the larvae produced were cultured for the presence of the bacterium in modified bactec 12b medium, both before and after exposure to gamma irradiation. the water used to wash the larvae off the faecal cultures was also tested for the presence of the bacterium. positive growth was confirmed as m. a ... | 2001 | 11292085 |
| differential changes in heat shock protein-, lipoarabinomannan-, and purified protein derivative-specific immunoglobulin g1 and g2 isotype responses during bovine mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. | bovine paratuberculosis is caused by infection of young calves with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. in some of the chronically infected cows the long asymptomatic stage (2 to 4 years) is followed by a rapid progression to a clinical stage due to protein-losing enteropathy, which will ultimately be fatal. the current dogma is that in early stages of disease the cell-mediated responses predominate, whereas in the clinical stage of the disease the humoral responses prevail, possibly si ... | 2001 | 11179318 |
| fibronectin attachment protein homologue mediates fibronectin binding by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | attachment of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to host tissue and penetration of mucosal surfaces are pivotal events in the pathogenesis of johne's disease. fibronectin (fn) binding is required for attachment and internalization of several mycobacteria by epithelial cells in vitro. the objective of this study was to further characterize the fn binding activity of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. although the bacteria bound fn poorly at ph above 7, brief acid pretreatment greatly enha ... | 2001 | 11254560 |
| regulation of expression of major histocompatibility antigens by bovine macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis or mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically very similar organisms; however, they differ markedly in their virulence for cattle. we evaluated the capacity of bovine macrophages infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis or m. avium subsp. avium to express major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and class ii antigens on their surface and to interact with primed autologous lymphocytes. our results indicate that infec ... | 2001 | 11159996 |
| paratuberculosis in sheep: its possible role in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis in cattle. | a total of 50 sheep originating from 15 dutch farms with a known paratuberculosis infection in their cattle herd, but with no history of paratuberculosis infection in their sheep flock, were examined for infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). the sheep had been grazing on the same pastures as the cattle or on pastures fertilised with manure from these cows. the sheep were screened for paratuberculosis by serum biochemistry, serology and intradermal skin tests. at necro ... | 2001 | 11163701 |
| paratuberculosis infection of nonruminant wildlife in scotland. | recent reports of natural paratuberculosis (or johne's disease) in rabbits, foxes, and stoats has focused debate on the presence and importance of wildlife reservoirs in the epidemiology of this disease. this paper describes an extensive study investigating 18 nonruminant wildlife species for evidence of paratuberculosis. using both culture and histopathological analysis, fox, stoat, weasel, crow, rook, jackdaw, rat, wood mouse, hare, and badger were found to harbor mycobacterium avium subsp. pa ... | 2001 | 11283080 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis from the semen of rams with clinical johne's disease. | 2001 | 11789915 | |
| experimental paratuberculosis in calves following inoculation with a rabbit isolate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the role of wildlife species in the epidemiology of paratuberculosis has been the subject of increased research efforts following the discovery of natural paratuberculosis in free-living rabbits from farms in east scotland. this paper describes the experimental inoculation of young calves with an isolate of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis recovered from a free-living rabbit. after a 6-month incubation period, all eight calves inoculated with the rabbit isolate had developed histopath ... | 2001 | 11526132 |
| comparison of immunomagnetic bead separation-polymerase chain reaction and faecal culture for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in sheep faeces. | 2001 | 11549050 | |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using immonoaffinity-purified antigen in the diagnosis of caprine paratuberculosis and its comparison with conventional elisas. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (apa-elisa) using an immunoaffinity-purified antigen was developed and compared with the unabsorbed and absorbed elisa procedures, using a crude antigenic preparation, for its efficacy in detecting antibodies in goat sera against mycobacterium ovium paratuberculosis. serum samples from 89 goats belonging to three different flocks, two with a history and evidence of paratuberculosis and one without it, were subjected to each elisa, which had been standardized ... | 2001 | 11583377 |
| identification of two mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis gene products differentially recognised by sera from rabbits immunised with live mycobacteria but not heat-killed mycobacteria. | the investigation of environmentally regulated proteins has led to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions and identified novel vaccine candidate antigens for several bacterial pathogens. in an effort to identify such proteins in mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), a genomic expression library was differentially screened with sera from rabbits that had been immunised with live m. paratuberculosis (alpha-live) as well as sera from rabbits immunised with ... | 2001 | 11549181 |
| identification, cloning and expression of sodc from an alkaline phosphatase gene fusion library of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | the phoa gene technology was used to investigate secreted proteins of the intracellular pathogen mycobacteriumn avium subspecies paratuberculosis. this led to the identification of sodc, a gene which codes for a copper and zinc cofactored superoxide dismutase (cu,znsod) which has been implicated as a virulence factor for some pathogens. the predicted protein possessed a 76% identity with cu,znsod of mycobacterium tuberculosis. to characterize cu,znsod from m. avium subspecies paratuberculosis, t ... | 2001 | 11549243 |
| [modelling of prevalence development in a paratuberculosis control program in a dairy herd]. | a modelling approach to calculate the success of a paratuberculosis control programme in dairy herds is presented. the essential parameters of the model are the prevalence at the beginning of the programme, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the tests used, discipline in culling test-positive animals, turnover in the herd, percentage of replacement with own stock and paratuberculosis prevalence in animals bought into the herd from outside, and a general hygiene-based factor. diagnostic me ... | 2001 | 11599437 |
| innate ifn-gamma production in cattle in response to mpp14, a secreted protein from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | calves experimentally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and uninfected calves were tested for interferon(ifn)-gamma production after stimulation with purified protein derivative from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis (ppdp) or a secreted 14 kda protein (mpp14) specific for the m. avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum (mais) complex. several calves in both groups responded strongly up to about 5 months to both antigens. two uninfected calves responded repeatedly, but not always ... | 2001 | 11555395 |
| dietary effects on the microbiological safety of food. | the high mortality rate associated with human infections caused by escherichia coli strains of the serotype o157:h7 has brought to public attention the importance of ruminants as reservoirs of food-borne pathogens. in addition to established examples such as salmonella, campylobacter and listeria, recent evidence is emerging of the role of food in the transmission of helicobacter pylori and mycobacterium paratuberculosis. food-borne pathogens harboured by ruminants are spread through shedding in ... | 2001 | 11681640 |
| t cell-dependent inducible nitric oxide synthase production and ultrastructural morphology in balb/c mice infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | euthymic balb/c and athymic nude balb/c mice aged 3-8 days were infected intraperitoneally with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (atcc strain 19698). after euthanasia at 5 months post-inoculation, hepatic granulomas were evaluated by morphometric analysis of digital images captured from light microscopy sections, by electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods. euthymic mice differed from athymic mice in that (1) their hepatic granulomas were smaller, contained fewer bac ... | 2001 | 11578129 |
| economic aspects of disease monitoring with special reference to bovine paratuberculosis. | monte carlo simulation models were used to evaluate the feasibility and potential results of a proposed national survey of the prevalence of bovine paratuberculosis (ptb) in dairy herds in norway. the expected herd prevalence was assumed to be 0.2% in the simulations. infected herds were classified as detected if 1 animal was sero-positive. with a sample size of 6000 herds at least 1 truly infected herd was detected in 99% of the iterations. the low sensitivity of the elisa test, the assumed low ... | 2001 | 11875849 |
| cytokine gene expression in ileal tissues of cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | cytokine gene expression in ileal tissues of cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis was evaluated. the effects of infection with m. paratuberculosis on cytokine production may influence immune regulation at the site of colonization, resulting in the chronic inflammatory state associated with the latter stages of this disease. ileal samples were obtained at necropsy from noninfected control cows (n=8) and clinically infected cows (n=7) and processed for immunohistochemistry and in si ... | 2001 | 11557295 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the bovine immune system. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a deadly intestinal ailment of ruminants. johne's disease is of tremendous economic importance to the worldwide dairy industry, causing major losses due to reduced production and early culling of animals. a highly controversial but developing link between exposure to m. paratuberculosis and human crohn's disease in some individuals has led to the suggestion that m. paratuberculosis is ... | 2001 | 11831436 |
| antagonist. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a cause of crohn's disease. | 2001 | 11709507 | |
| survival of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in amitraz cattle dip fluid. | to determine the survival time of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in amitraz-based cattle dip fluid derived from an active dip site in northern new south wales. | 2001 | 11712711 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in an addax (addax nasomaculatus). | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from a single fecal sample collected from a 10-yr-old, captive-bred male addax (addax nasomaculatus). attempts to confirm infection with additional fecal cultures, serology, semen culture, and tissue biopsy were unsuccessful. there were no gross lesions on necropsy. on histopathology there were neither acid-fast organisms nor microscopic changes suggestive of active or clinical johne's disease. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis w ... | 2001 | 12790428 |
| rapid detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from cattle and zoo animals by nested pcr. | paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, a suspect causative agent of crohn's disease in man, is an emerging disease of international proportions affecting all ruminants. early stage detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection would accelerate progress in control programmes. despite new molecular approaches the standard diagnostic test for this disease is at present still the time consuming classic isolation procedure. therefore, alternative ... | 2001 | 12789121 |
| mycobacterium avium infection in an ostrich (struthio camelus). | acid-fast organisms were identified by histopathology of granulomatous lesions in an ostrich (struthio camelus). the organisms were grown in herrold's egg media with and without mycobactin and identified as mycobacterium avium. an agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test for mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis was performed for detection of antibody for m. avium in this infected ostrich and seven other ostriches that were in contact. the results of the agid were consistent with the pathologic diagn ... | 2001 | 12790402 |
| how does mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis resist intracellular degradation? | paratuberculosis is a chronic, progressive disease of mainly ruminants caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. infection usually occurs in young animals through oral uptake of food contaminated with the organisms. the ingested bacteria are transcytosed through m-cells overlying the peyer's patches and are released in the stroma, where they are taken up by macrophages. inside the macrophage, the mycobacteria resist enzymatic and toxic degrad ... | 2001 | 11765232 |
| use of the bead beater for preparation of mycobacterium paratuberculosis template dna in milk. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis is a recognized chronic enteric pathogen that can affect many different species of animals, including primates. it has been suggested that this organism is associated with crohn's disease in humans, and that milk is a potential source of human exposure to this organism. the limit of the detection of m. paratuberculosis in milk samples by direct pcr was 10(5) cfu/ml if the traditional boiling method was used for template dna preparation. in this study, an improved m ... | 2001 | 11768125 |
| the effect of subclinical mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on milk production in michigan dairy cows. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of subclinical mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on mature equivalent milk, protein, and fat production in a sample of michigan dairy herds with a history of cows positive for m. paratuberculosis diagnosed by fecal culture. a prospective two-group cohort study was conducted. participating herds were tested, and productivity and reproduction records were monitored for 18 mo. all cows aged 24 mo and greater were tested for m. paratuber ... | 2001 | 11699450 |
| protagonist. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a cause of crohn's disease. | 2001 | 11709506 | |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: a review of current knowledge. | although mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection has had its greatest effect on domestic agricultural animal species, it can also have a significant impact on wildlife species. more cases of infection are being reported, and because of its ability to elude immunologic control and to persist in the environment, m. paratuberculosis may spread within and among captive and free-ranging wildlife populations in the absence of organized control programs. studies to improve our ability to ... | 2001 | 12785677 |
| paratuberculosis in red deer (cervus elaphus): an immunohistochemical study. | in the present study, we compared the utility of immunohistochemistry with serological and histological results for the characterization of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) in tissues of affected red deer. bacterial isolation was considered the standard reference. samples were taken from seven clinically affected animals with typical macroscopic lesions. the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and the gel diffusion tests (gd) were used for serological determi ... | 2001 | 15129586 |
| johne's disease in new zealand: the past, present and a glimpse into the future. | johne's disease is endemic in cattle and sheep in new zealand and is spreading in farmed deer. - procedures for the control of johne's disease in new zealand have been sporadic and often ineffective. characterisation of strains of mycobacterium paratuberculosis using molecular biological techniques have revealed two distinct strain types. one type has been found in cattle, goats and deer, and the other in sheep, goats and deer. vaccination has been identified as an important method for the contr ... | 2002 | 16032238 |
| variation of the milk antibody response to paratuberculosis in naturally infected dairy cows. | a longitudinal study was performed to determine the course of the milk antibody response in cows presumably infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. milk samples were collected repeatedly (1 to 10 times) from all lactating cows in seven danish dairy herds. a total of 4,289 observations from 812 cows was analyzed after exclusion of samples collected after 280 days in milk (dim). the level of antibodies in the milk samples was assessed using an indirect elisa. a piece-wise linear ... | 2002 | 12487446 |
| effect of pasteurization on survival of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mptb) is the causative agent of johne's disease of ruminant animals including cattle, goats, and sheep. it has been suggested that this organism is associated with crohn's disease in humans, and milk is a potential source of human exposure to this organism. a total of 18, including 7 regular batch and 11 high temperature short time (htst) pasteurization experiments, were conducted in this study. raw milk or ultra-high temperature pasteurized milk samples were spik ... | 2002 | 12512593 |
| morbidity and mortality factors in key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium). | the population health of endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) was monitored from 10 february 1986 to 28 september 2000 by necropsy of animals that were killed by vehicles, euthanized because of terminal injuries or disease conditions, or found dead. the predominant mortality factor during the period was collision with motor vehicles; however, several infectious diseases were diagnosed, including infections with arcanobacterium pyogenes, haemonchus contortus, salmonella spp., and ... | 2002 | 12528433 |
| paratuberculosis in key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium). | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in an endangered key deer (odocoileus virginianus clavium) in november 1996. between 10 april 1997 and 28 september 2000, the key deer population was monitored for infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by necropsy of available carcasses (n = 170), fecal cultures, and serology. one additional clinically affected key deer was discovered in july 1998, and m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured from the feces of one live, asymptomatic deer. ... | 2002 | 12528439 |
| cloning and characterization of the genes coding for antigen 85a, 85b and 85c of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | three genes encoding the secreted proteins (antigen 85-a, b, and c) of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis were cloned, sequenced and studied. the complete sequences of these three 85-complex proteins revealed their similarity with 85-complex proteins of other mycobacterial species. specifically, these sequences showed 99% homology with m. avium 85-complex protein sequences. the multiple homology analysis of these sequences revealed that variations occur at only certain amino acid positi ... | 2002 | 12592709 |
| [paratuberculosis: the pathogen and routes of infection]. | paratuberculosis, caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis), is a chronic and incurable enteritis of ruminants with economic importance worldwide. the infectious agent is an acid-fast rod defined solely based on its mycobactin-dependent growth in vitro and the presence of insertion element is900. the bacterium, which is difficult to culture primarily due to its extremely slow growth, occurs not only in cattle but also in other ruminant. in addition, it has b ... | 2002 | 12596562 |
| [pathogenesis and immune reactions of paratuberculosis]. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ptb) is known as the cause of paratuberculosis for over a century but the knowledge on biology of the organism and pathogenesis of the disease is still limited. there are several reasons for the present lack of progress, these are (i) the extremely slow growth of the bacterium, a feature which has also protected the organism against researchers, (ii) confusion over its taxonomy and identification, (iii) limited possibilities for the application ... | 2002 | 12596563 |
| maximum-likelihood estimation of sensitivity and specificity of elisas and faecal culture for diagnosis of paratuberculosis. | the accuracy of three diagnostic tests for paratuberculosis was evaluated using maximum-likelihood estimation of sensitivity and specificity. we also explored the variety of estimates that can be obtained if the tests are to be used in populations of different composition with regard to infection and disease states. two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were evaluated separately with the faecal culture (fc). the study was carried out as a cross-sectional field study to cover all likely ... | 2002 | 11830293 |
| interpretation of a commercial bovine paratuberculosis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using likelihood ratios. | evidence-based medicine encourages the use of quantitative diagnostic test results to estimate the probability of a particular diagnosis. likelihood ratios (lrs) are among the best tools for maximizing the diagnostic information gained from diagnostic assays that provide results on a continuous scale. they provide the odds that an animal with a particular test result actually has the disease in question based on the magnitude of the test result. a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (el ... | 2002 | 12414776 |
| sensitivity of test strategies used in the voluntary johne's disease herd status program for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in dairy cattle herds. | to evaluate sensitivities at the herd level of test strategies used in the voluntary johne's disease herd status program (vjdhsp) and alternative test strategies for detecting dairy cattle herds infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | 2002 | 12420786 |
| variance components of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of igg antibodies in milk samples to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in dairy cattle. | milk samples from 120 cows were tested up to 10 times in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of antibodies to mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. the purpose of the study was to estimate variance components of the assay attributable to laboratory factors using mixed model theory. because of significant interaction between the between-run, between-day and between-plate variables, the elisa-plate variable was nested in run-number and run-number was nested in day-numbe ... | 2002 | 12449247 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains from cattle and sheep can be distinguished by a pcr test based on a novel dna sequence difference. | a dna sequence differing between sheep and cattle types of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was identified and used to develop a pcr test. the test unequivocally distinguished all sheep types from cattle types and was negative for a wide range of other strains from the mycobacterium avium-mycobacterium intracellulare complex. the test will be useful for epidemiological purposes, particularly in hosts such as deer that can be easily infected with either type. | 2002 | 12454189 |
| the mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis elisa response by parity and stage of lactation. | two cross-sectional studies were carried out to determine the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) response to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) by cow characteristics and stage of lactation. one of the studies (referred to as "milk-group") used milk samples from all lactating cows (n=7994) in 108 danish dairy herds. the other study (referred to as "serum-group") used serum samples collected from all cows (n=5323) in a subset of 72 herds from the 108 herds. these samples wer ... | 2002 | 12062515 |
| quantitative analysis of mycobacterial and propionibacterial dna in lymph nodes of japanese and european patients with sarcoidosis. | the cause(s) of sarcoidosis is unknown. mycobacterium spp. are suspected in europe and propionibacterium spp. are suspected in japan. the present international collaboration evaluated the possible etiological links between sarcoidosis and the suspected bacterial species. formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of biopsy samples of lymph nodes, one from each of 108 patients with sarcoidosis and 65 patients with tuberculosis, together with 86 control samples, were collected from two institut ... | 2002 | 11773116 |
| comparison of real-time, quantitative pcr with molecular beacons to nested pcr and culture methods for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine fecal samples. | an automated pcr with fluorescent probes (molecular beacons) detected mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces. when the pcr was compared with culture in testing 41 fecal samples, kappa scores of 0.94 to 0.96, a sensitivity of 93 to 96%, and a specificity of 92% were obtained. results were quantitated by using a standard curve derived from a plasmid containing is900. a minimum quantity of 1.7 x 10(-4) pg of dna, correlating to 1 to 8 cfu, was detected. | 2002 | 11773135 |
| paratuberculosis in free-ranging fallow deer in spain. | paratuberculosis was diagnosed in a population of approximately 1,000 free-ranging fallow deer (dama dama) sampled from 1997-98 in the regional hunting reserve of el sueve (asturias, spain). five of eight animals observed with diarrhea were diagnosed as having paratuberculosis on the basis of gross lesions at postmortem examination and histopathology. in two deer, mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis was cultured and identified by polymerase chain reaction. indirect enzyme-linked immunoso ... | 2002 | 12238386 |
| seroreactivities against saccharomyces cerevisiae and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis p35 and p36 antigens in crohn's disease patients. | crohn's disease (cd) is an idiopathic chronic inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). accurate diagnosis of the disease is of great clinical importance to assess its prognosis and success of therapy. recent studies have validated and confirmed the potential utility of anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast; asca) igg/iga antibodies and anti-m. avium ss. paratuberculosis p35/p36 antibodies, separately, as serological markers to identify patients with cd. the efficacy of these markers was evaluate ... | 2002 | 12353858 |
| development of a peptide-mediated capture pcr for detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in milk. | based on phage display technology, a peptide-mediated magnetic separation technique was developed to facilitate selective isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) from bulk milk of naturally infected dairy herds. nine recombinant bacteriophages binding to m. paratuberculosis were isolated from a commercial phage-peptide library encoding random 12-mer peptides. nucleotide sequencing revealed the deduced sequence of the binding peptides. one peptide with the s ... | 2002 | 12409405 |
| [the importance of allergic skin test with johnin, antibody elisa, cultural fecal test as well as vaccination for the sanitation of three chronically paratuberculosis-infected dairy herds in rhineland-palatinate]. | three chronically paratuberculosis infected herds were tested for six years twice a year (intradermal johnin test, antibody elisa (idexx corp.), microbial culture) according to a sanitary program. culling of shedding animals and vaccination of calves with neoparasec (merial corp.) were part of the program. in course of experiment, 1015 samples of 228 non vaccinated cows and 1502 samples of 293 vaccinated cattle have been tested. 3.8% of the vaccinated animals proved positive in microbial culture ... | 2002 | 12596564 |
| [diagnosis of paratuberculosis]. | diagnostics of paratuberculosis infection is a difficult and complex field, that causes confusion, lack of understanding and frustration in practitioners, veterinary officers and last but not least farmers. in this review the various diagnostic approaches with their potentials, advantages and disadvantages and their limits are discussed. | 2002 | 12596565 |
| [paratuberculosis eradication programs in northrhine-westfalia]. | since 1993 a voluntary eradication program for bovine paratuberculosis is established in northrhine-westfalia. after an effectivity control of the serological diagnostics it is combined with the fecal culture since august of 2000. parallel use of both methods is necessary for a successful eradication. it could be monitored that a high percentage of the newly bought cattle in the herds participating in the eradication program was considered positive. since paratuberculosis eradication is time and ... | 2002 | 12596567 |
| [bacteriological investigations about paratuberculosis in dairy herds in switzerland]. | in switzerland clinical bovine paratuberculosis is registered sporadically with on average seven outbreaks per year. our present studies are aimed to investigate the prevalence of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map)-infections in the swiss cattle population and, therefore methods to culture map from bovine feces as well as a commercially available elisa to detect map-specific antibodies are evaluated by using fecal samples and blood sera from herds with cases of clinical paratubercul ... | 2002 | 12596568 |
| antigen-induced production of interferon-gamma in samples of peripheral lymph nodes from sheep experimentally inoculated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | the production of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in response to johnin purified protein derivate was measured in samples of the prescapular lymph node (pln) from 10 sheep, aged 2 years, and nine sheep, aged 1 year that had been inoculated orally with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis within their first month of life. ten non-inoculated sheep, aged 1 year, constituted the negative control group. the results obtained in the pln ifn-gamma assay were compared with those derived from serologi ... | 2002 | 11731176 |
| analysis of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte subset proliferation and nitric oxide production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of captive elk (cervus elaphus). | elk (cervus claphus) are reservoirs for brucella abortus, mycobacterium bovis, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, each a serious pathogen of domestic livestock. an understanding of the basic immune responsiveness of elk would aid efforts to develop methods to diagnose and prevent these diseases of elk. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) isolated from captive elk were examined for phenotype, lymphocyte subset proliferative capacity, and ability to produce nitric oxide (no) up ... | 2002 | 12038134 |
| crohn's disease caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis: a public health tragedy whose resolution is long overdue. | 2002 | 11800469 | |
| paratuberculosis with special reference to cattle. a review. | paratuberculosis is a chronic, granulomatous enteritis caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis affecting domestic and wild ruminants. the symptoms of clinical paratuberculosis are chronic diarrhoea and progressive weight loss while subclinically infected animals mainly have decreased production. the infection is widespread throughout the world and causes substantial financial losses for the farming industry. one of the major obstacles in the control of this disease, is the diff ... | 2002 | 11918176 |
| application of the c(18)-carboxypropylbetaine specimen processing method to recovery of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from ruminant tissue specimens. | the causative agent of johne's disease is mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. this is a chronic, debilitating gastrointestinal disorder that affects ruminants and is responsible for significant economic loss. the specimen processing method that combines c(18)-carboxypropylbetaine (cb-18) treatment and lytic enzyme decontamination has been shown to improve the diagnosis of mycobacterioses. this processing method was applied to the isolation of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis from rumina ... | 2002 | 11980960 |
| an estimate of specificity for a johne's disease absorbed elisa in northern australian cattle. | to estimate the specificity of an absorbed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for johne's disease (jd) when used in mature cattle populations resident in northern australia. | 2002 | 12180881 |
| localisation of cd25+ cells and mhcii+ cells in lymph nodes draining mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis vaccination granuloma and the presence of a systemic immune response. | vaccination of goat kids against paratuberculosis protects against lesions and clinical disease. the systemic cellular response was studied in goat kids 3-9 weeks after vaccination. peripheral blood cells showed increased interferon-gamma production and expression of interleukin-2 receptor (cd25) after stimulation with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens. the lymph node draining the vaccination granuloma was studied three weeks after vaccination in a parallel group of goat kids. ... | 2002 | 12208110 |
| antigenicity of mycobacterium paratuberculosis superoxide dismutase in mice. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (mpt) is the etiologic agent of paratuberculosis. the disease is prevalent in cattle worldwide, and exacts a heavy financial toll. effective control requires the development of acellular vaccines offering a better protection than the current available vaccines without side effects and allowing the discrimination between infected and vaccinated animals. we studied the immune response of mice to the mpt superoxide dismutase (sod) alone or adjuvanted by ribi. we clone ... | 2002 | 12208610 |
| adoptive transfer of balb/c mouse splenocytes reduces lesion severity and induces intestinal pathophysiologic changes in the mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis beige/scid mouse model. | successful immune reconstitution would enhance resistance of beige/scid mice to chronic infection with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, but may cause damage to intestinal tissue. therefore, we investigated the effect of adoptive transfer of balb/c mouse splenocytes on lesion severity and intestinal physiology in beige/scid mice infected with m. paratuberculosis. mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with m. paratuberculosis, and two weeks later were inoculated i.p. with v ... | 2002 | 12211277 |
| a real time pcr assay for the detection and quantitation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using sybr green and the light cycler. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, and may also contribute to the onset and development of crohn's disease in humans. due to its reported heat resistance, isolation from pasteurised milk and the potential for transmission of map through environmental sources, rapid detection is imperative. here, we present a rapid real time pcr assay for map that can simultaneously detect and quantify this organism in the laboratory using sybr green and t ... | 2002 | 12223288 |
| gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cattle infected with mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | a bovine-specific cdna microarray system containing 721 unique leukocyte expressed sequence tags (ests) and amplicons representing known genes was used to compare gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from clinical and subclinical johne's disease-positive holstein cows (n = 2 per group). stimulation of pbmcs from clinically infected cows with mycobacterium paratuberculosis tended to decrease expression of 83 genes (fold change, >1.5). of these 83 genes, 16 displa ... | 2002 | 12228275 |
| [inflammatory bowel disease--do microorganisms play a role?]. | this review focuses on the potential pathogenic role of microorganisms in relation to inflammatory bowel diseases, i.e. crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. pathogenic microorganism such as mycobacterium paratuberculosis, measles and mumps viruses, epstein-barr virus, and listeria monocytogenes are discussed, as well as involvement of the normal intestinal flora. furthermore, the influence of microorganisms in experimental animal colitis models is discussed. the available results are inconclu ... | 2002 | 12553118 |
| differential responses of bovine macrophages to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium are antigenically and genetically similar organisms; however, they differ in their virulence for cattle. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis causes a chronic intestinal infection leading to a chronic wasting disease termed paratuberculosis or johne's disease, whereas m. avium subsp. avium causes only a transient infection. we compared the response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages to ingestion of m. avium subsp. p ... | 2002 | 12228282 |
| evaluation of result variability with a commercial johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and repeat testing of samples. | two hundred one serum samples from individual dairy cows with a range of results on initial testing with a commercial johne's disease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) kit were repeat tested 5 times in each of 2 laboratories with kits produced by the same manufacturer. the results for the samples with all 10 replicates showed that the values for individual samples often had a coefficient of variation greater than 20%. as expected, the standard deviation for the results increased as the a ... | 2002 | 12296398 |
| mycobacterium paratuberculosis detected by nested pcr in intestinal granulomas isolated by lcm in cases of crohn's disease. | 2002 | 12325511 | |
| putative in vitro expressed gene fragments unique to mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | by a suppression subtractive hybridization based method, nine novel mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) fragments of between 318 and 596 bp have been identified and characterized. database search revealed little or no similarity with other mycobacteria. the uniqueness and diagnostic potential of seven of these fragments in relation to m. paratuberculosis closest relative mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (m. avium) was confirmed by species-specific pcr and southern b ... | 2002 | 12351231 |
| lesions in subclinical paratuberculosis of goats are associated with persistent gut-associated lymphoid tissue. | the organized gut-associated lymphoid tissue (the peyer's patches [pps] of domestic ruminants) is an important site of lesions caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. to investigate the association between pp morphology and the lesions of paratuberculosis in goats, two experiments were performed. five healthy kids aged 4-5 weeks were examined and the morphology of organized lymphoid tissue in the small intestine was described. morphological similarities were observed between the i ... | 2002 | 12354531 |
| pcr detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in crohn's disease granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection. | the uncertainty surrounding the role of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (map) in crohn's disease has been compounded by possible contamination from map present in the lumen microflora. this study used laser capture microdissection (lcm) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect map dna in subepithelial granulomas, isolated from 15 surgically resected, formalin fixed specimens of granulomatous crohn's disease and from 12 granulomatous disease controls (10 bowel, 2 non-bowel). | 2002 | 12377804 |
| cytokine effects on maturation of the phagosomes containing mycobacteria avium subspecies paratuberculosis in j774 cells. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. a. ptb) is an intracellular pathogen of macrophages. intracellular survival of several species of pathogenic mycobacteria is dependent on inhibition of maturation of the phagosomes containing these pathogens into functional phagolysosomes. in activated macrophages, however, this capacity is reduced, leading to increased bacterial killing. it is the hypothesis of this study that there is increased acidification and maturation of the phagosome co ... | 2002 | 12381463 |
| temporal mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection in t-cell receptor (tcr)-alpha and tcr-delta-deficient mice. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the causative agent of paratuberculosis (johne's disease), a chronic inflammation of the terminal portion of the ileum in ruminants. the predominance of cell-mediated immunity in early stages of the disease suggests that t lymphocytes are essential to protect the host from infection with m. paratuberculosis. in this study, we investigated the role of alphabeta and gammadelta t cells in resistance to m. paratuberculosis infection using a t-cell receptor (tcr) kno ... | 2002 | 12383644 |
| [crohn's disease and paratuberculosis in ruminants]. | 2002 | 12385148 | |
| paucibacillary paratuberculosis in a goat. | a 5-year-old saanen doe was presented with emaciation, good appetite, normal feces, and a dry flaky hair coat. johne's disease was tentatively diagnosed. gross postmortem findings were a thickened, corrugated ileum and enlarged edematous mesenteric lymph nodes. histologically, there was extensive lymphocytic infiltration of the ileal lamina propria. mycobacterium paratuberculosis could not be identified or cultured. | 2002 | 12395763 |
| evaluation of the long-term immune response in cattle after vaccination against paratuberculosis in two dutch dairy herds. | in the past decades, vaccination against paratuberculosis in cattle was performed in the netherlands only on a limited scale. because of its interference with the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, vaccination was restricted to herds with a high prevalence of clinical cases of paratuberculosis and was meant to aid in the economical survival of the farm. recently, a voluntary paratuberculosis certification program has started, based in part on serological screening of cattle of at least 3 years of ... | 2002 | 11900960 |
| survival tactics of m. paratuberculosis in bovine macrophage cells. | mycobacterium paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) is a facultative intracellular bacterium with the ability to survive and proliferate inside the vesicles of macrophage cells. how m. paratuberculosis and other mycobacteria survive in this hostile environment is not well understood. present research findings can be divided into three possibilities: (1) mycobacteria may interfere with host protein expression and trafficking to stop vesicle maturation, (2) mycobacteria may express proteins that ... | 2002 | 12072269 |
| cell sorting of formalin-treated pathogenic mycobacterium paratuberculosis expressing gfp. | gfp is widely used as a molecular tool for the study of microbial pathogens. however, the manipulation of these pathogenic microorganisms poses a health threat to the laboratory worker, requiring biosafety level ii or iii containment. although the gfpfluorophore is tolerant toformalin, a thorough analysis of this treatment on fluorescent output in prokaryotic systems has not been described. in addition, the analysis of microorganisms expressing gfp often depends on specialized equipment, which m ... | 2002 | 11911654 |
| pasteurization of milk and the heat resistance of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical review of the data. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) causes johne's disease in ruminants (including cattle, sheep and goats) and other animals, and may contribute to crohn's disease in humans. this possibility, and the fact that m. paratuberculosis may be present in raw milk, make it important to ensure that the heat treatment specified for pasteurization of milk will give acceptable inactivation of this bacterium, with an adequate margin of safety. published studies of the heat res ... | 2002 | 12076031 |
| genome scale comparison of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium reveals potential diagnostic sequences. | the genetic similarity between mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and other mycobacterial species has confounded the development of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-specific diagnostic reagents. random shotgun sequencing of the m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis genome in our laboratories has shown >98% sequence identity with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium in some regions. however, an in silico comparison of the largest annotated m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis contigs, totaling 2,658, ... | 2002 | 11923349 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection in a patient with hiv, germany. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne disease in ruminants, has been incriminated as the cause of crohn disease in humans. we report the first case of human infection with map in a patient with hiv; infection was confirmed by obtaining isolates from several different specimen types. | 2002 | 12095444 |
| treatment of severe crohn's disease using antimycobacterial triple therapy--approaching a cure? | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is probably the best candidate for a microbial cause of crohn's disease although arguments to the contrary can be equally convincing. growing evidence suggests that prolonged antimycobacterial combination therapy can improve crohn's disease in some patients. | 2002 | 11926571 |
| treatment with drugs active against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis can heal crohn's disease: more evidence for a neglected public health tragedy. | 2002 | 11926580 | |
| open clinical trial of rifabutin and clarithromycin therapy in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease in humans, has a suspected aetiology of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2002 | 11930899 |
| positive is900 in situ hybridization signals as evidence for role of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in etiology of crohn's disease. | 2002 | 12149398 | |
| development and application of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay based on the abi 7700 system (taqman) for detection and quantification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | numerous reports have described diagnostic methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) used to detect mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the causative agent of johne's disease. the result of conventional pcr tests has been only qualitative, either positive or negative; it does not present any quantitative information about the number of the agents in the specimen. a quantitative pcr method (is900 taqman) was developed to measure the number of m. a. paratuberculosis organisms p ... | 2002 | 11939333 |
| evaluation of bacteriologic culture of pooled fecal samples for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis. | to compare sensitivity of several methods of bacteriologic culture of pooled bovine fecal samples for detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis and evaluate homogeneity in number of m paratuberculosis in pooled fecal samples. | 2002 | 12171178 |
| relationships between fecal culture, elisa, and bulk tank milk test results for johne's disease in us dairy herds. | objectives were to estimate percentages of seropositive herds with cows shedding mycobacterium paratuberculosis in feces and milk, and to estimate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of an elisa relative to fecal culture. dairy cows (n = 712) were randomly selected from 61 herds previously identified by elisa as positive for johne's disease. fecal and bulk tank milk samples (n = 52 of 61 herds) were obtained from 10 states in the united states. fecal samples were processed by a double ... | 2002 | 11949855 |