Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the glycoprotein toxin of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis indicates a lectinlike receptor in the larval mosquito gut. | the mosquito-active protein crystals produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis contain covalently attached aminosugars which are critical for their larvicidal activity. the 50% lethal concentrations toward aedes aegypti larvae were increased up to 10-fold by mild periodate treatment, up to 40-fold by forming the protein crystals in the presence of tunicamycin, and up to 7-fold by the presence during the mosquito bioassays of n-acetylglucosamine or its trimer, triacetylchitotriose. pe ... | 1987 | 2827571 |
| nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a coleopteran-active delta-endotoxin gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. san diego. | a gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. san diego that is responsible for a delta-endotoxin active against colorado potato beetle and some other coleoptera was sequenced and shown to have surprising regional homology with both lepidopteran and dipteran active delta-endotoxins from other strains of b. thuringiensis. unlike the lepidopteran active toxins from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki that exist as approx. 130-kda protoxins and form bipyramidal crystalline inclusions, the coleopteran toxi ... | 1987 | 2828180 |
| nucleotide sequence of a bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis gene encoding a 130 kda delta-endotoxin. | 1987 | 2821500 | |
| transfer of chromosomal genes and plasmids in bacillus thuringiensis. | a low frequency of chromosomal gene transfer from bacillus thuringiensis to bacillus cereus was detected by cell mating, with a tryptophan marker being the most frequently transferred gene among four that were tested. the process was resistant to dnase and was not mediated by cell filtrates. among several b. thuringiensis subspecies tested, transfer was best with a derivative of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd1, which lost several plasmids. all of the b. cereus recombinants contained at leas ... | 1987 | 2821899 |
| renal dipeptidase is one of the membrane proteins released by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | renal dipeptidase (dehydropeptidase-i, ec 3.4.13.11) was released from pig kidney membrane preparations by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from staphylococcus aureus and bacillus thuringiensis and a phospholipase c preparation from bacillus cereus to a similar extent as alkaline phosphatase. endopeptidase-24.11 and aminopeptidase n were not released by this treatment. after treatment of the membrane fraction with the s. aureus phospholipase c the dipeptidase was conv ... | 1987 | 2822007 |
| [molecular organization of the n-terminal region of delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies alesti]. | the tryptic peptide sequences of the n-terminal domain ("true toxin") of delta-endotoxin of bac. thuringiensis subspecies alesti carrying 282 amino acid residues were determined. a comparison of these sequences with the primary structures of delta-endotoxin of subspecies kurstaki (k-1, k-73) determined by an analysis of corresponding structural genes revealed a conservative region of "true toxin" (residues 29-346) and a hypervariable region (residues 347-617) carrying multiple (not less than 50% ... | 1987 | 2822146 |
| [homologous and heterologous transcription of the cry+-plasmid in bacillus thuringiensis]. | the possibility of homologous and heterologous transception of cry+ plasmids in bacillus thuringiensis is demonstrated. cry+ plasmids from crystal bearing strain of bacillus thuringiensis were transferred into acrystalline strain belonging to h5 serotype by mutual incubation. the donor strain was previously marked by the transmissive plasmid pam beta 1 coding for erythromycin and lincomycin resistance. the transcipients having acquired the ability to synthesize delta-endotoxin were referred to h ... | 1987 | 2828933 |
| use of oligonucleotide probes to study the relatedness of delta-endotoxin genes among bacillus thuringiensis subspecies and strains. | fifteen bacillus thuringiensis strains representing 13 serotypes were screened with five oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes specific for certain regions of two published sequences and one unpublished sequence of b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxin genes. of the 15 cultures, 14 hybridized with at least one probe; the b. thuringiensis subsp. thompsoni strain alone did not hybridize. two b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strains of commercial interest, hd-1 and nrd-12, were found to be so closely related ... | 1987 | 2829720 |
| analysis of the molecular basis of insecticidal specificity of bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxin. | the mechanism of action and receptor binding of a dual-specificity bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai icl delta-endotoxin was studied using insect cell culture. the native protoxin was labelled with 125i, proteolytically activated and the affinity of the resulting preparations for insect cell-membrane proteins was studied by blotting. the active preparations obtained by various treatments had characteristic specificity associated with unique polypeptides, and showed affinity for different membr ... | 1987 | 2829819 |
| [electron microscope study of the serological relations of bacillus thuringiensis phages]. | the kinetics of neutralization cross-reactions was studied with bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae 1-97 phages, and serological complexes were investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. the results of these studies have made it possible to locate both common and specific antigenic components of the phages. | 1987 | 2438542 |
| efficacy of czechoslovak and soviet bacillus thuringiensis (serotype h-14) formulations against mosquito larvae. | laboratory and field comparisons were made with two wettable powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 (b. t. h-14) prepared in czechoslovakia ("moskitur") and the ussr ("baktokulicid"). expressed in the international aedes aegypti toxic units (tu x mg-1) the potency of these two test formulations was greater than that of the institute pasteur standard ips-78 (= 1,000 tu x mg-1), i.e. moskitur had a potency of about 1,500 tu x mg-1 and the soviet baktokulicid 2,000 tu x mg-1. t ... | 1987 | 2883232 |
| [combined infections in the pathology of larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes. 1. entomopathogenic qualities of bacterial complexes]. | 1987 | 2883561 | |
| [larvicidal activity of a bacillus thuringiensis h-l4, strain bts-393, preparation kept in long-term storage]. | 1987 | 2883562 | |
| [prospects of improving microbial larvicides and methods of control of blood sucking insects and disease vectors]. | 1987 | 2883565 | |
| a dark brown mutant of bacillus thuringiensis h. 14 synthesising higher level of mosquito larvicidal factor. | 1987 | 2886429 | |
| [interference of suspension in water on the effect of biological insecticides on mosquito larvae]. | 1987 | 2887292 | |
| cloning and expression of 130-kd mosquito-larvicidal delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis in escherichia coli. | five recombinant e. coli clones exhibiting toxicity to aedes aegypti larvae were obtained from a library of 800 clones containing xbai dna fragments of 110 kb plasmid from b. thuringiensis var. israelensis. all the five clones (pmu 14/258/303/388/679) had the same 3.8-kb insert and encoded a major protein of 130 kda which was highly toxic to a. aegypti larvae. three clones (pmu 258/303/388) transcribed the 130 kd a gene in the same direction as that of lac z promoter of puc12 vector whereas the ... | 1987 | 2890080 |
| identification of bacillus thuringiensis strains toxic to mosquitoes recently isolated in israel. | 1987 | 2891770 | |
| [participation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis plasmids in the determination of crystal endotoxin synthesis]. | 1987 | 2894111 | |
| isolation of mosquito pathogenic bacillus thuringiensis strains from mosquito breeding habitats in tamil nadu. | 1987 | 2895067 | |
| [the role of plasmids in the regulation of delta-endotoxin synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis h14]. | the role of plasmids in regulation of delta-endotoxin synthesis by bacillus thuringiensis h14 was studied. the derivatives of strain is-1 h14 containing a 4md plasmid integrated into the chromosome synthesize small crystals and are not toxic for the gnat larvae. the transceptional transfer into this strain of a plasmid coding for crystal synthesis from the strain 69-6 serotype h5 results in restoration of insecticidal activity to the level of the parental strain is-1. transcipients activity is i ... | 1987 | 2832748 |
| efficacy of sustained-release formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and methoprene for control of coquillettidia perturbans in indiana. | 1987 | 2904943 | |
| an evaluation of gambusia affinis and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as mosquito control agents in california wild rice fields. | the mosquito control potential of the mosquitofish and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti) were evaluated in experimental wild rice fields in lake county, california. fields were assigned one of six treatment: control, 1.1 kg/ha g. affinis, 3.4 kg/ha g. affinis, bti only (6 kg/ha vectobac granules), 1.1 kg/ha g. affinis plus bti and 3.4 kg/ha g. affinis plus bti. gambusia affinis, at both release rates, significantly reduced the mosquito population at densities exceeding 100 fish/minno ... | 1988 | 2906358 |
| specificity of action on mosquito larvae of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxins encoded by two different genes. | a 135 kda protein gene and two open reading frames (orf1 and orf2) have been cloned from a large plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (bourgouin et al. 1986). the escherichia coli recombinant clones containing these genes were highly toxic to larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens. from subcloning experiments it was deduced that the 135 kda polypeptide alone was responsible for the toxic activity on both a. aegypti and an. stephensi larvae. in contrast, the prese ... | 1988 | 2906402 |
| binding of the delta endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis to brush-border membrane vesicles of the cabbage butterfly (pieris brassicae). | the insecticidal delta endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis was labeled with iodine-125. brush-border membrane vesicles, prepared from the midgut epithelium of pieris brassicae larvae, known to be highly susceptible to the toxin, and from a non-target tissue: the small intestine of rat, were examined for binding of 125i-toxin. the toxin was bound specifically only to insect vesicles. its binding to the insect membrane system was competitively inhibited by 127i-toxin and non-iodinated toxin, where ... | 1988 | 2833394 |
| common features of bacillus thuringiensis toxins specific for diptera and lepidoptera. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned gene encoding a 130-kda crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis (b.t.) subspecies israelensis has been determined. the recombinant protein (bt8) was purified and shown to be a mosquito-specific toxin with a lc50 value of 43 ng/ml to third-instar larvae of aedes aegypti. bt8 is processed by proteases or midgut extracts of mosquito larvae into toxic fragments of 68-78 kda. deletion mapping indicated that the active fragment of bt8 is localized in the ... | 1988 | 2833395 |
| differential specificity of two insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai. | bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai hd-249 produces more than one protein of 130-135 kd in its insecticidal crystal delta-endotoxin. we describe an indirect method of assessing the relative contribution to toxicity of two of these protoxins using monospecific antibodies directed against their active proteolytic products. our results show that one toxin is active against spodoptera frugiperda but not choristoneura fumiferana cells in vitro, while the other lyses c. fumiferana but not s. frugiperd ... | 1988 | 2835588 |
| [liberation of non-penetrating spin labels from erythrocytes and liposomes after treatment with bacterial protein]. | liberation of non-penetrating spin labels from erythrocytes and liposomes was studied at their interaction with delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. the yield of non-penetrating spin labels was shown to be a highly sensitive indicator of the disturbance of the membrane barrier function. | 1988 | 2839242 |
| multiplicity of delta-endotoxin genes with different insecticidal specificities in bacillus thuringiensis aizawai 7.29. | the hypothesis according to which multiple and different delta-endotoxin genes could determine the host-range specificity of the lepidopteran strains of bacillus thuringiensis is being checked in the case of strains aizawai 7.29 (serotype 7) and entomocidus 601 (serotype 6). from these strains, several crystal protein genes, belonging to different structural types, have been isolated. one of the cloned genes that is not present in strain entomocidus 601 is duplicated in strain aizawai 7.29. this ... | 1988 | 2840555 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis gene encoding a 125-kilodalton larvicidal polypeptide is associated with inverted repeat sequences. | a gene encoding a 125-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin was cloned from the 72-mda resident plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. this gene is similar in its 3' region to the gene encoding the 135-kda protein previously cloned (c. bourgouin, a. klier, and g. rapoport, mol. gen. genet. 205:390-397, 1986). escherichia coli recombinant clones harboring the 125-kda gene were toxic to larvae of the three mosquito species aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipie ... | 1988 | 2841292 |
| structural and functional analysis of tn4430: identification of an integrase-like protein involved in the co-integrate-resolution process. | the 4149-bp transposon tn4430 from bacillus thuringiensis is delineated by 38-bp inverted repeats and codes for a 113-kd protein that shares homology with the transposases (tnpa) of tn3, tn21 and tn501. through transpositional recombination, this protein generates the formation of co-integrates between both donor and target replicons, with duplication of tn4430 molecules. these features are characteristic of transposons of the tn3 family (class ii elements). the second step of the transposition ... | 1988 | 2842151 |
| activation of insect cell adenylate cyclase by bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins and melittin. toxicity is independent of cyclic amp. | insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxins are cytolytic to a range of insect cell lines in vitro. addition of bt var. aizawai or var. israelensis toxins to mamestra brassicae (cabbage moth) cells in vitro increased intracellular cyclic amp, which was paralleled by activation of adenylate cyclase in isolated membranes. var. kurstaki toxin, which does not lyse m. brassicae cells, had no effect on cyclic amp concentrations in intact cells, but was able to stimulate adenylate cyclase ... | 1988 | 2844167 |
| single amino acid changes in the bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis delta-endotoxin affect the toxicity and expression of the protein. | site-directed mutagenesis has been used to change individual amino acids of the larvicidal 27,000 mr delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. basic and acidic residues have been systematically replaced by alanine, and the resulting mutant polypeptides analysed for cytolytic and larvicidal activity, and binding to phosphatidyl choline liposomes. replacement of residues at positions 154, 163, 164, 213 and 225 results in proteins which accumulate as inclusions in recombinant baci ... | 1988 | 2845100 |
| tn916-dependent conjugal transfer of pc194 and pub110 from bacillus subtilis into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the staphylococcus aureus plasmids pc194 and pub110 were introduced into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by using the streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 as a mobilizing agent. plasmid transfer occurred only when b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was mated with a b. subtilis donor that contained both pc194 and pub110 and tn916; plasmid transfer was not observed in the absence of the transposon. b. thuringiensis transconjugants resistant to chloramphenicol (cmr) and tetracycline ( ... | 1988 | 2853391 |
| protein phosphorylation in bacillus thuringiensis during growth and delta-endotoxin production. | at least 14 phosphopolypeptides in which the phosphate groups were present as mono-esters were detected by pulse labelling of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1-dipel with [32p]orthophosphate at different stages of growth and differentiation. marked changes in the profile of phosphopolypeptides were observed primarily during the late exponential phase of growth. several phosphopolypeptides co-purified with the endotoxin crystal of this subspecies and the phosphoamino acid residue of the ... | 1988 | 2855529 |
| specificity of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins is correlated with the presence of high-affinity binding sites in the brush border membrane of target insect midguts. | binding studies were performed with two 125i-labeled bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins on brush border membrane vesicles prepared from the larval midgut of the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta or the cabbage butterfly pieris brassicae. one delta-endotoxin, bt2-protoxin, is a 130-kda recombinant crystalline protein from b. thuringiensis subsp. berliner. it kills larvae of both insect species. the active bt2-toxin is a 60-kda proteolytic fragment of the bt2-protoxin. it binds saturably and wit ... | 1988 | 2856194 |
| the mosquito larvicidal activity of 130 kda delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis resides in the 72 kda amino-terminal fragment. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis produces 130 kda delta-endotoxin which is highly toxic to mosquito-larvae. the mosquito-larvicidal activity was delineated by sequential deletions from ends of the 1136 amino acids delta-endotoxin. a maximum of 459 amino acids could be removed from the carboxy-terminal of the toxin without a significant loss of the larvicidal activity. however, no more than 38 amino acids could be deleted from the amino-terminal without losing the toxicity. the truncated p ... | 1988 | 2897850 |
| rate of ingestion by mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) as a factor in the effectiveness of a bacterial stomach toxin. | 1988 | 2899172 | |
| nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for a 130-kda mosquitocidal protein of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | the nucleotide sequence of pvb131 containing the gene coding for a 130-kda bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (b.t.isr) mosquitocidal protein was determined. the pvb131 plasmid was constructed by sekar and carlton [gene 33 (1985) 151-158]. our sequencing revealed only one open reading frame large enough to code for a protein of 130 kda. the translation start site was determined by sequencing the protein isolated from b.t.isr. the amino acid sequence of the protein was deduced from the nucleotide ... | 1988 | 2901387 |
| cloning and partial characterization of three small cryptic plasmids from bacillus thuringiensis. | the strain h1.1 of bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis harbors three small cryptic plasmids: pgi1, pgi2, and pgi3 (8.2, 9.2, and 10.6 kb, respectively). two of these plasmids (i.e., pgi2 and pgi3) were successfully cloned in their entirety into the vector pbr322, whereas only overlapping dna fragments covering pgi1 were obtained in escherichia coli. a curing-hybridization technique was used to obtain isolates of b. thuringiensis missing one or another small cryptic plasmid. these derivativ ... | 1988 | 2901771 |
| introduction of the streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the conjugative streptococcus faecalis transposon tn916 was introduced into bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis by filter matings with s. faecalis. b. thuringiensis transconjugants resistant to tetracycline (tetr) were detected at a frequency of approximately 7.0 x 10(-7) per recipient cell during filter matings, whereas transfer of tn916 was not observed in broth matings. the tetr phenotype in subsp. israelensis was stable in the absence of antibiotic selection. southern hybridization ana ... | 1988 | 2901772 |
| molecular characterization of a gene encoding a 72-kilodalton mosquito-toxic crystal protein from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a gene encoding a 72,357-dalton (da) crystal protein of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was isolated from a native 75-mda plasmid by the use of a gene-specific oligonucleotide probe. bacillus megaterium cells harboring the cloned gene (cryd) produced significant amounts of the 72-kda protein (cryd), and the cells were highly toxic to mosquito larvae. in contrast, cryd-containing escherichia coli cells did not produce detectable levels of the 72-kda cryd protein. the sequence of the cryd ... | 1988 | 2902069 |
| structural relatedness between mosquitocidal endotoxins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a mosquitocidal toxin gene, cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, was introduced into mutant crystal-negative b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells. partial toxicity to mosquitos was restored. the 58-kilodalton cloned gene product is a minor protein component of b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis crystals and is structurally related to a major, 135-kilodalton crystal toxin. | 1988 | 2894201 |
| recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes of qa-2 antigens. sensitivity of qa-2 molecules to phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | con a splenic lymphoblasts were incubated with phosphatidyl-inositol specific phospholipase c (piplc) derived from bacillus thuringiensis and subsequently analyzed for qa-2 ag with the qa-2 reactive mab qa-m2. this treatment completely removed qa-2 detectable ag on lymphoblasts from h-2d animals, indicating that these molecules are likely anchored to the cell membrane through phosphatidyl inositol (pi). although exposure of lymphoblasts from h-2b mice to piplc greatly reduced qa-2 expression, a ... | 1988 | 2459191 |
| cell-specific heterogeneity in sensitivity of phosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane antigens to release by phospholipase c. | cell surface antigens thought to be linked to the membrane via phosphatidylinositol (pi) are incompletely, and variably, released by treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc). the basis for this was investigated with cloned tumor cell lines and pi-plcs isolated from two species of bacteria. residual thy-1 antigen, which was detectable by flow cytometry, remained on all thymoma cell lines after exposure to very high concentrations of either purified enzyme. a majority ... | 1988 | 2459250 |
| barium and calcium block bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki delta-endotoxin inhibition of potassium current across isolated midgut of larval manduca sexta. | ba2+ and ca2+ prevent and reverse the btk delta-endotoxin inhibition of the short-circuit current in isolated lepidopteran midgut. these findings support the k+ pump-leak steady-state model for midgut k+ homeostasis and the k+ channel mechanism of bt toxin action. they provide a new tool with which to study the interactions between bt toxin and midgut cell membranes. | 1988 | 2463324 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of a 130 kda mosquito-larvicidal delta-endotoxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | 1988 | 2831510 | |
| comparison of the in vivo and in vitro activity of the delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni (hd-12) and two of its constituent proteins after cloning and expression in escherichia coli. | the insecticidal crystal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni hd-12 contains at least five polypeptides in the range 126-140 kda. immune blotting revealed that individual proteins in this complex share homology with a range of other b. thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. in vivo the native hd-12 crystal killed a lepidopteran larva (pieris brassicae) and a dipteran larva (anopheles gambiae), but not the related dipteran aedes aegypti. in vitro the solubilized activated crystal lys ... | 1988 | 2832170 |
| interaction between the delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. entomocidus and liposomes. | the delta-endotoxin produced by bacillus thuringiensis ssp. entomocidus induced the release of encapsulated [14c]sucrose from reverse-phase vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. no such release was detected when the phospholipid component of the vesicles was either phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, or sphingomyelin. the toxin-induced release was competitively inhibited by negatively charged organic ions while positively charged organic ions, apart from choline c ... | 1988 | 2832210 |
| fractionation of two mosquitocidal activities from alkali-solubilized extracts of bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis spores and parasporal inclusions. | 1988 | 2832484 | |
| x-ray analysis of the crystalline parasporal inclusion in bacillus thuringiensis var. tenebrionis. | 1988 | 2832614 | |
| cloning and expression of two homologous genes of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis which encode 130-kilodalton mosquitocidal proteins. | two homologous genes encoding 130-kilodalton (kda) mosquitocidal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis or both. one of these genes, ppc130, was expressed as a lacz transcriptional fusion in e. coli at a level sufficient to produce phase-bright inclusions, which were purified and shown to be toxic to aedes aegypti larvae. the second gene, pch130, was expressed at a low level in recombinant e. coli cells and wa ... | 1988 | 2828321 |
| nucleotide sequence of an additional crystal protein gene cloned from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis. | 1988 | 3362680 | |
| [effect of the conditions for mosquito larval development on their sensitivity to bacterial insecticides]. | 1988 | 3367856 | |
| isolation of a bacillus thuringiensis rna polymerase capable of transcribing crystal protein genes. | we report the isolation of an rna polymerase from sporulating cells of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki hd-1-dipel that directs transcription from the promoter region of an insecticidal crystal protein gene. the core components of this rna polymerase are associated with a polypeptide that has an apparent mass of 35 kda. neither rna polymerase holoenzyme isolated from vegetative b. thuringiensis, nor the core derived from this enzyme, is capable of transcribing from the crystal protein gene ... | 1988 | 3380786 |
| [screening of temperature-sensitive mutants of bacillus thuringiensis phages and the identification of its character]. | 1988 | 3388831 | |
| [extracellular ribonuclease from bacillus thuringiensis]. | the ability of the strain bacillus thuringiensis var. subtoxicus to produce extracellular ribonuclease (ribonuclease bt) was studied. it was found that the culture medium possesses a rna-depolymerizing activity whose maximum is observed 4-5 hours after the beginning of the linear growth phase. a three-step chromatography of the culture extract on phosphocellulose resulted in a homogeneous enzyme with a molecular mass of 12000 da. the enzyme showed the maximum activity towards rna at ph 8.5, cata ... | 1988 | 3395642 |
| nucleotide sequence of crystal protein gene isolated from b. thuringiensis subspecies entomocidus 60.5 coding for a toxin highly active against spodoptera species. | 1988 | 3399402 | |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a toxic crystal protein from a subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis. | the toxic crystal protein (mr 64,000) from a subspecies of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis has been solubilized and recrystallized yielding diffraction quality crystals. crystals are obtained by a change in ph and ionic strength using na2co3. they can also be obtained by a change in ionic strength only using nabr as the precipitant. the space group of both forms is c222(1) with a = 133, b = 116, c = 104 a and one molecule/asymmetric unit. still photographs show reflections to 3.0-a resoluti ... | 1988 | 3403554 |
| [biological activity of the parasporal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1988 | 3411010 | |
| factors affecting the larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis toxin for trichostrongylus colubriformis (nematoda). | 1988 | 3418132 | |
| affinity purification of a 65-kilodalton parasporal protein from bacillus thuringiensis pg-14 that shows mosquitocidal activity. | by using antibody-mediated affinity chromatography, a highly mosquito larvicidal but nonhemolytic fraction was obtained from alkali-solubilized, silkworm (bombyx mori) larval gut juice-treated parasporal inclusions of bacillus thuringiensis strain pg-14 (serotype 8a:8b). this fraction contained a 65-kda protein only but not a 25-kda protein, the main component in the flow through fraction unbound to the affinity column. the 25-kda protein purified from the unbound fraction by cm-cellulose chroma ... | 1988 | 3421669 |
| indigenous bulk production of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (serotype h-14) & its larvicidal action against anopheles stephensi. | 1988 | 3169900 | |
| the utilization of bacilli as larvicidal agents against anopheline and culicine mosquitoes in turkey. i. larvicidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14. | standard ips-82 and a wettable powder (bactimos) of bacillus thuringiensis (h-14) were tested against local mosquito species, cx. pipiens and an. sacharovi, in the laboratory in turkey. the dose-mortality regression lines for both organisms had similar slopes with each formulation. bactimos was less effective against both organisms, especially at higher concentrations (lc95/lc50 5.78 vs 1.95). | 1988 | 3184242 |
| isolation of a hemolysin from a spore-crystal mixture of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (serotype h-14). | a hemolytic toxin from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was obtained by alkaline extraction and fast protein liquid chromatography (chromatofocusing followed by gel filtration). the toxin displayed a pi of 4.6-4.8 and an mr of 26,000. amino acid analysis demonstrated large amounts of serine, glycine and glutamic acid. the toxin was strongly lytic for rabbit, human and non-human primate erythrocytes, and was weakly lytic toward equine, feline, canine, bovine, amphibian and reptilian erythrocyte ... | 1988 | 3188063 |
| host range and selected factors influencing the mosquito larvicidal activity of the pg-14 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni. | laboratory bioassay of the pg-14 isolate of bacillus thuringiensis var. morrisoni (serotype 8a:8b) against early fourth instar larvae of 8 species of mosquitoes revealed a range of susceptibilities similar to the susceptibilities of these species to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (serotype 14). the most susceptible species were: culex quinquefasciatus, cx. salinarius, anopheles albimanus and aedes aegypti. the least susceptible species tested was an. quadrimaculatus. separate bioassays ... | 1988 | 3193097 |
| laboratory study of the influence of water temperature and ph on bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis efficacy against black fly larvae (diptera: simuliidae). | an experimental formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis was used in the laboratory to assess the influence of water temperature and ph on the relationship between concentration, duration of exposure, and mortality of the northern black fly species simulium decorum and prosimulium mixtum/fuscum group. mortality increases in both species with increases in duration of exposure, concentration, temperature and ph. onset of death is shortened by increase in concentration and temperature ... | 1988 | 3193100 |
| method for determining settling rates of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 formulations. | a water-column apparatus is described in which settling rates of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 [b.t. (h-14)] formulations can be indirectly quantified using mortality of mosquito larvae at restricted depths as an index of b.t. (h-14) activity. to illustrate the type of data provided by this method, commercial b.t. (h-14) products (bactimos, teknar, vectobac) and experimental formulations were compared at the manufacturers' recommended rates for mosquito control. all evaluations utilized l ... | 1988 | 3193109 |
| laboratory evaluation of formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis combined with methoprene or a monomolecular surface film against anopheles albimanus and an. stephensi. | 1988 | 3193121 | |
| sequence of the bacillus thuringiensis phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase c. | 1988 | 3194218 | |
| the initial stages in the action of an insecticidal delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on the epithelial cells of the malpighian tubules of the insect, rhodnius prolixus. | the effects of the 27 x 10(3) mr insecticidal delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis have been studied using, as a model system, isolated insect malpighian tubules. at all concentrations of the toxin higher than 1 microgram ml-1 (4 x 10(-8) moll-1) applied to the outer surface of the tubules, fluid secretion failed within about 30 min. except at very high concentrations, where failure always takes at least 30 s, there was an inverse relationship between the concentration of ... | 1988 | 3198707 |
| feeding behavior of aedes aegypti larvae and toxicity of dispersed and of naturally encapsulated bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. | 1988 | 3198932 | |
| efficacy of two formulations of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (h-14) against aedes vexans and safety to non-target macroinvertebrates. | an experimental sandoz formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (san 402 sc 98) was several times more effective than abbott abg 6188 against larvae of aedes aegypti and ae. vexans in the laboratory. field applications of san 402 sc 98 at 0.25 liter/ha and abg 6188 at 1.00 liter/ha resulted in more than 97% control of ae. vexans larvae after 48 hours, with residual activity of 24 hours or less. the amphipod, hyallela azteca, and 4 species of water beetles were apparently unaffected ... | 1988 | 3199115 |
| nucleotide sequence of a bacillus thuringiensis aizawai ic1 entomocidal crystal protein gene. | 1988 | 3205732 | |
| age related occurrence of natural agglutinins in the erisilkworm, philosamia ricini. | natural agglutinins against human, guinea pig, and rat erythrocytes (rbc) and bacteria bacillus thuringiensis were readily detected in hemolymph of final instar larvae with resulting titers of 0-9 (log2). titers were independent of sex and season but varied conspicuously and reproducibly with age. moreover, response of hemagglutinins to heating varied with age being heat-labile in younger larvae, yet totally resistant to heating for 30 min at 70 degrees c in older ones. bacterial agglutinins wer ... | 1988 | 3208956 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pgi2, a bacillus thuringiensis plasmid containing tn4430. | 1988 | 3211758 | |
| toxic and morphological effects of bacillus thuringiensis preparations on larval stages of the oriental rat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | 1988 | 3216067 | |
| five unique temperate phages from a polylysogenic strain of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | five temperate phages were isolated from strain 4042b of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. the phages, which were heteroimmune, could also be distinguished by their host ranges, plaque and particle morphologies, serological specificities, and locations of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites on their chromosomes. besides maintaining a stable lysogenic relationship with the 4042b host strain, each phage formed a stable lysogen with bacillus cereus. | 1988 | 3221199 |
| kinetics of hemolysis induced by a toxin from bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. | the kinetics of hemolysis resulting from the action on rabbit erythrocytes of a highly purified cytolytic toxin (26,000 mol. wt) isolated from a spore-crystal mixture of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis was studied. course of hemolysis, as determined by release of hemoglobin, yielded sigmoid curves whose maximum slopes were taken as a measure of the rate of lysis. hemolysis occurred without an induction period, and the rate of lysis was a linear function of toxin concentration. rate of hemolys ... | 1988 | 3238702 |
| [inactivation of the thermostabile exotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis by soil microorganisms]. | 1988 | 3243461 | |
| [hygienic problems of protecting the environment in relation to the production and use of microbiological products for plant protection]. | 1988 | 3243476 | |
| [toxic effects of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki to the immature stage of aedes aegypti]. | 1988 | 3244164 | |
| potentiation of the cytotoxic activity of anti-cancer drugs against cultured l1210 cells by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxin. | 1988 | 3246017 | |
| [a new subspecies of bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1988 | 3247716 | |
| [an integrated method of using biological and chemical insecticides for controlling flies]. | 1988 | 3249575 | |
| [effect of preparations of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 on warm-blooded animals]. | 1988 | 3249594 | |
| [growth and spore formation in bacillus thuringiensis at high substrate concentrations]. | the work was aimed at studying the effect exerted by elevated concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and acetate on the growth of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. galleriae, strain 69-6, and on the formation of spores and crystals by it. glucose concentrations from 30 to 100 g per litre did not prevent spore formation. yeast extract inhibited spore formation to a greater extent and stopped it almost completely at a concentration of 20 g per litre. acetate at a concentration of 1.0 to 10 g per lit ... | 1988 | 3249598 |
| field tests of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis against culex mosquito larvae in dhaka city. | 1988 | 3250457 | |
| [variability of bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophages with c2-morphology]. | biological as well as physicochemical properties of bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophages "17" and "7/13" having c2-morphology and isolated from factory phagolysates were studied. the bacteriophages are identical in the lytic spectrum++, morphology, size, gc-content, have the same buoyant density. the physical map for restriction endonucleases ecori, hindiii, salgi and mvai has been constructed of the bacteriophages dna. heteroduplex analysis has revealed the nonhomologous region of the deletion ... | 1988 | 3251143 |
| comparative toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal proteins in vivo and in vitro. | bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis crystal proteins were purified by fplc on a mono q column to yield 130, 65, 28, 53, 30-35 and 25 kda proteins. all the purified proteins killed aedes aegypti larvae after citrate precipitation, but the 65 kda protein was the most toxic. a precipitated mixture of 27 and 130 kda proteins was almost as toxic as solubilized crystals. in assays against a range of insect cell lines, the activated form (25 kda) of the 27 kda protein was generally cytotoxic with t ... | 1988 | 3254944 |
| [restriction mapping of e. coli-cloned fragments of the plasmid dna of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis]. | 1988 | 3073647 | |
| amino acid sequence and entomocidal activity of the p2 crystal protein. an insect toxin from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki. | the gene encoding the 66-kda entomocidal protein (p2 protein or mosquito factor) from bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki has been isolated by the use of a 62-mer oligonucleotide probe that encoded 21 amino acids of the p2 protein nh2 terminus. the dna sequence of the gene, designated crybi, was unique from the published sequences of other b. thuringiensis genes. however, the amino acid sequence of the p2 protein, as deduced from the dna sequence of the crybi gene, was found to contain a sequen ... | 1988 | 3121615 |
| construction of a bifunctional genetically labelled plasmid for bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | a small cryptic plasmid of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis was labelled in vitro with two genetic markers. one of the recombinant plasmids was mapped and transformed in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis. this and similar shuttle plasmids could be very useful as vectors for the investigation of the toxin genes in their own host. | 1988 | 3144956 |
| isolation and characterization of eg2158, a new strain of bacillus thuringiensis toxic to coleopteran larvae, and nucleotide sequence of the toxin gene. | a novel strain of bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from soybean grain dust from kansas and found to be toxic to larvae of leptinotarsa decemlineata (colorado potato beetle). the strain (eg2158) synthesized two parasporal crystals: a rhomboid crystal composed of a 73116 dalton protein of approximately 30 kda. plasmid transfer and gene cloning experiments demonstrated that the 73 kda protein was encoded on an 88 mda plasmid and that the protein was toxic to the larvae of colorado potato beetle ... | 1988 | 3146015 |
| comparison between the molecular characteristics and the potential activity of x and y nucleolar organizers from various drosophila melanogaster laboratory lines. | the molecular characteristics of nucleolar organizers from x and y chromosomes of different drosophila melanogaster lines have previously been studied (17). by analysis of appropriate genetic crosses we show in the present study that the x and y chromosomes of these lines can confer different degrees of resistance on an inhibitor of ribosomal rna synthesis (beta exotoxin or thuringiensin) present in the thermostable supernatant of bacillus thuringiensis cultures. none of the lines studied gives ... | 1988 | 3147116 |
| [the expression of a new bifunctional vector for cloning in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and its deletion variants]. | 1988 | 3150250 | |
| monoclonal antibody analysis and insecticidal spectrum of three types of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. | we have investigated the protein composition and the insecticidal spectrum of crystals of 29 bacillus thuringiensis strains active against lepidopteran larvae. all crystals contained proteins of 130 to 140 kilodaltons (kda) which could be grouped into three types by the molecular weight of the protoxin and the trypsin-activated core fragment. proteins of the three types showed a characteristic insecticidal spectrum when tested against five lepidopteran species. type a crystal proteins were proto ... | 1988 | 16347711 |
| response in soil of cupriavidus necator and other copper-resistant bacterial predators of bacteria to addition of water, soluble nutrients, various bacterial species, or bacillus thuringiensis spores and crystals. | soil was incubated with various species of bacteria, bacillus subtilis, or bacillus thuringiensis spores and crystals. these were added to serve as potential prey for indigenous, copper-resistant, nonobligate bacterial predators of bacteria in the soil. alternatively, the soil was incubated with soluble nutrients or water only to cause potential indigenous prey cells to multiply so the predator cells would multiply. all of these incubation procedures caused excessive multiplication of some gram- ... | 1988 | 16347727 |
| identification of a delta-endotoxin gene product specifically active against spodoptera littoralis bdv. among proteolysed fractions of the insecticidal crystals of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29. | at least three different insecticidal crystal protein genes were shown to be expressed in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai 7.29, a strain that is potentially active against the cotton leafworm spodoptera littoralis bdv. among crude k-60 fractions (60- to 70-kilodalton [kda] molecules) that were products of proteolysed crystals containing the active domains of the protoxin molecules, we were able to distinguish several distinct components on the basis of their antigenic relationship and thei ... | 1988 | 16347771 |
| bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal toxins: gene structure and mode of action. | thanks to the techniques of recombinant dna, there is now abundant sequence information on several endotoxin genes of bacillus thuringiensis. the task of correlating this sequence information with the economically important aspects of the toxins such as insect specificity, ld(50) and speed of kill is now under worldwide investigation. progress has also been made on understanding the mechanism of action of the toxins and on identifying the parts of the protoxin which are important in toxicity. ta ... | 1988 | 14550036 |