Publications

gingivitis.	gingivitis is caused by substances derived from microbial plaque accumulating at or near the gingival sulcus; all other suspected local and systemic etiologic factors either enhance plaque accumulation or retention, or enhance the susceptibility of the gingival tissue to microbial attack. microbial species specifically associated with gingival health include streptococcus sanguis 1, s. d-7, and fusobacterium naviforme. bacteria involved in the etiology of gingivitis include specific species of s ...	1986	3522644
fibrinolytic therapy in bacterial endocarditis: experimental studies in dogs.	an investigation was undertaken to assess the value of adding streptokinase therapy to standard penicillin treatment of artificially induced infective endocarditis due to streptococcus sanguis. in pigs a low-grade infection could be induced which closely simulated streptococcal endocarditis in man, but for technical reasons this model proved unsatisfactory for further experimentation. in dogs the induction of s. sanguis endocarditis produced a more severe illness with a short natural history. do ...	1986	3525170
humoral responses and cross-reactivity to viridans streptococci in recurrent aphthous ulceration.	it has been proposed that recurrent aphthous ulceration (rau) is caused by hypersensitivity to oral streptococci. this hypothesis is based on reports that rau patients have increased levels of circulating igg antibodies against oral streptococci, and that rabbit antisera prepared against oral streptococci are cross-reactive with oral mucosa. using indirect immunofluorescence, we have investigated both of these reported phenomena. end-point titers of serum antibodies against three different strai ...	1986	3525629
construction of plasmid vectors for the detection of streptococcal promoters.	plasmid vectors have been constructed for detecting dna fragments that exhibit promoter activity in streptococcus sanguis. the plasmids are able to replicate in both s. sanguis and escherichia coli, and contain an erythromycin resistance marker which is expressed in both hosts. selection for promoter activity is dependent upon the insertion of appropriate dna fragments upstream from a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene (cat) from staphylococcus aureus. to facilitate this insert ...	1986	3536665
identification of a streptococcus sanguis receptor for salivary agglutinins.	the objective of this study was to characterize a fraction from oral streptococci containing receptor activity for salivary agglutinin molecules. several species and strains of streptococci were disrupted in a ribi press. the supernatant was nuclease-treated and subjected to differential centrifugation. receptor activity in the fractions was measured by the inhibition of saliva-mediated bacterial aggregation. in addition, bacterial strains were tested for their ability to aggregate and to deplet ...	1986	3080505
effect of human lysozyme on 2-deoxyglucose uptake by streptococcus mutans and other oral microorganisms.		1986	3082516
investigation of the cytotoxicity of bacterial species implicated in pulpal inflammation.		1986	3082767
calcium-dependent salivary agglutinin with reactivity to various oral bacterial species.	human parotid agglutinins from three individuals were isolated by adsorption to and desorption from strains of streptococcus mutans belonging to serotypes a, b, c, d, and e and strains of lactobacillus casei, actinomyces viscosus, and streptococcus sanguis. the desorption was achieved by suspending centrifuged saliva-coated microorganisms in 10 mm phosphate buffer (ph 6.8) containing 0.154 m sodium chloride. after another centrifugation, agglutinin activity was recovered in the supernatants. the ...	1986	3087878
inhibition of the interaction of streptococcus sanguis with hexadecane droplets by 55- and 60-kilodalton hydrophobic proteins of human saliva.	the effect of salivary secretions on the hydrophobicity of streptococcus sanguis was investigated. pretreatment of the bacteria with paraffin-stimulated whole saliva resulted in a 79% inhibition of adhesion to hexadecane droplets. column chromatography on sepharose 4b and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic analysis indicated that the inhibitory activity of saliva resided in a fraction containing material of approximately 60,000 molecular weight. the active components, which we have terme ...	1986	3089934
cell surface hydrophobicity of group d and viridans streptococci isolated from patients with septicaemia.	sixty-three strains of group d streptococci and viridans streptococci isolated from blood cultures during a two year period were typed to the species level with conventional biochemical tests and api strep. streptococcus faecalis was the most common species isolated followed by s. sanguis, s. mitis and s. constellatus (s. milleri). one of the two isolates of s. faecium was a contamination. the reported increasing frequency of this organism and other group d and viridans streptococci as well as t ...	1986	3090804
conjugal plasmid transfer (pam beta 1) in lactobacillus plantarum.	the streptococcal plasmid pam beta 1 (erythromycin resistance) was transferred via conjugation from streptococcus faecalis to lactobacillus plantarum and was transferred among l. plantarum strains. streptococcus sanguis challis was transformed with pam beta 1 isolated from these transconjugants, and transformants harboring intact pam beta 1 could conjugate the plasmid back to l. plantarum.	1986	3094451
the effect of lowering the ph on the composition and metabolism of a community of nine oral bacteria grown in a chemostat.	nine oral bacteria, associated with both healthy and diseased sites in the mouth, were grown at d = 0.05 h-1 (mean generation time 13.9 h) in a glucose-limited chemostat. after an initial period of steady-state growth at ph 7.0, ph control was discontinued. the ph then decreased until it stabilized at ph 4.1 after 9 d (16 generations), while the eh rose from -165 mv to +160 mv. the lowering in ph resulted in the composition and metabolism of the flora being altered and in increased bacterial agg ...	1986	3095488
atp-driven calcium transport in membrane vesicles of streptococcus sanguis.	calcium transport was investigated in membrane vesicles prepared from the oral bacterium streptococcus sanguis. procedures were devised for the preparation of membrane vesicles capable of accumulating 45ca2+. uptake was atp dependent and did not require a proton motive force. calcium transport in these vesicles was compared with 45ca2+ accumulation in membrane vesicles from streptococcus faecalis and escherichia coli. the data support the existence of an atp-driven calcium pump in s. sanguis sim ...	1986	3096955
reconstitution of atp-dependent calcium transport from streptococci.	membrane vesicles of three streptococcal strains (streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus lactis, and streptococcus sanguis) were extracted with octyl-beta-d-glucoside in the presence of escherichia coli lipid and glycerol. for reconstitution, the detergent extract was mixed with bath-sonicated e. coli lipid, in the presence of octyl-beta-d-glucoside, and proteoliposomes were formed by a 25-fold dilution. atp-dependent calcium accumulation by proteoliposomes was comparable to that found in parent ...	1986	3096992
bactericidal action of carbon dioxide laser radiation in experimental dental root canals.	the ability of a carbon dioxide laser to sterilize the root canal of human teeth has been investigated. three oral bacteria, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mutans, and actinomyces viscosus, and three other bacteria, bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were used as experimental organisms. exposure of cells on glass slides to laser radiation showed there was little difference in the exposure required to kill these six organisms. complete recovery of bacteria fr ...	1986	3102029
lysis of streptococcus sanguis by an extracellular enzyme from the bacterium streptococcus mutans from human dental plaque.	the ability of crude extracellular enzyme produced by the oral bacterium streptococcus mutans al7-1 to lyse living cells of streptococcus sanguis atcc 10556, 10557 and 10558 was examined. this enzyme showed lytic activity of living cells and cell walls of only strep. sanguis atcc 10558 strain and severed at random the long chains of this strain of living cells. early log phase cells of this strain were more sensitive to this lytic enzyme than were late-log phase cells. in view of these results, ...	1986	3479961
adherence of streptococcus sanguis.	the presence of adhesins on the cell surface of s. sanguis enables the organism to grow and survive in the oral cavity. many workers are now actively involved in attempting to characterise these adhesins and the molecular basis for adherence of various streptococci. the complexity of the adhesion processes is underlined by the many varied opinions as to the nature of the molecular components and biochemical interactions that are involved. understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in bacter ...	1986	11547805
development of high-frequency delivery system for transposon tn919 in lactic streptococci: random insertion in streptococcus lactis subsp. diacetylactis 18-16.	the conjugative transposon tn919, originally isolated in streptococcus sanguis fc1, is capable of low-frequency transfer (10 and 10 per recipient) on membrane filters to a wide number of streptococcal recipients including the industrially important lactic streptococci. the introduction of pmg600 (lac lax; a lactose plasmid capable of conjugative transfer at high frequencies and which, in certain hosts, confers an unusual clumping phenotype) into a streptococcus lactis ch919 donor, generating s. ...	1987	16347268
effects of naf and snf2 on growth, acid and glucan production of several oral streptococci.	the effects of low concentrations of these fluorides on streptococcus sobrinus, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, streptococcus mitior and streptococcus sanguis were investigated. without fluoride, mutans streptococci (strep. mutans and strep. sobrinus) produced more acid than the other strains; both fluorides reduced acid production in all strains. naf had little effect on growth; snf2 decreased growth in all strains, most evidently in the strep. mutans. in all growth conditions, ...	1987	3482350
bacterial peritonitis following endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy.		1987	3498663
[studies on the adherence of oral streptococci on solid surface].		1987	3505567
chlorhexidine affects arginine metabolism as well as glycolysis in a strain of streptococcus sanguis.		1987	3507629
variant streptococcus sanguis as an etiological agent of kawasaki disease.		1987	3423077
the hydrophobicity of 'viridans' streptococci isolated from the human mouth.	the hydrophobicity of human oral streptococci was measured with the hexadecane assay modified by the incorporation of polyethylene glycol 6000. large variability in the hydrophobicity between cultures of some strains grown on different occasions was observed whereas other strains were less variable. the variation in hydrophobicity was significantly reduced by growing the cells in continuous culture in a chemostat under glucose-limiting conditions. the streptococcus mutans strains used all had lo ...	1987	3436855
failure of post-bacteraemia delayed antibiotic prophylaxis of experimental rabbit endocarditis.	twenty-one rabbits had a cannula placed in the left ventricle and 48 h later 1 ml of a culture of streptococcus sanguis nctc 7864 was injected into an ear vein. six hours later, 400 mg/kg of amoxycillin was administered intramuscularly to 17 animals, the others acting as non-antibiotic treated controls. two of the 17 rabbits died during the experimental period, and the cannula was incorrectly placed in another two. five of the remaining 13 animals developed endocarditis. all controls developed e ...	1987	3440772
adhesion of oral streptococci from a flowing suspension to uncoated and albumin-coated surfaces.	a flow cell system was developed which allowed the study of bacterial adhesion to solid substrata at well-defined shear rates. in addition, the system enabled the solid surfaces to be coated with a proteinaceous film under exactly the same shear conditions. in this flow cell system, adhesion of three strains of oral streptococci from a phosphate-buffered solution onto three different substrata was studied as a function of time in the absence and presence of a bovine serum albumin (bsa) coating a ...	1987	3446750
[contemporary aspects on aphthous ulcers].		1987	2856428
interbacterial adhesion between pseudomonas aeruginosa and indigenous oral bacteria isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis.	interbacterial adhesion between strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and strains of indigenous oral bacteria, both of which were isolated from the oral cavity of cystic fibrosis patients, was investigated by the phenomenon of the coaggregation reaction. a total of 22 strains of p. aeruginosa were isolated from the oral cavity of 17 patients and examined for their abilities to coaggregate with 5 strains each of streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus mitis, actinomyces viscosus, and actinomyces naeslun ...	1987	3105855
comparison of single and multiple doses of prophylactic antibiotics in experimental streptococcal endocarditis.	single-doses or short-term administration of beta-lactam antibiotics alone or combined with aminoglucoside antibiotics have failed to consistently prevent experimental streptococcal endocarditis induced by high inocula of bacteria poorly susceptible to killing by these antibiotics. the optimal duration of administration of antibiotics for successful prophylaxis under these circumstances has not been established. we therefore tested, in rats with catheter-induced sterile aortic vegetations, the d ...	1987	3111743
mechanisms of platelet aggregation by viridans group streptococci.	the direct aggregation of platelets is thought to be an important event in the pathogenesis of viridans streptococcal endocarditis, but the mechanisms for platelet activation are unknown. we evaluated the processes by which two endocarditis-producing strains of viridans group streptococci activated human platelets in vitro, as measured by platelet cyclooxygenase activity, secretion, and aggregation. addition of either streptococcal strain to platelets suspended in whole plasma resulted in a mean ...	1987	3112008
[clinical laboratory studies on patients with kawasaki disease (mcls) and on the pathohistologic model of mice infected with streptococcus sanguis].		1987	3117938
nitrite accumulation during anaerobic nitrate reduction by binary suspensions of bacteria isolated from the achlorhydric stomach.	binary suspensions of bacteria isolated from the gastric juice of achlorhydric patients were used to determine conditions which favour nitrite accumulation during nitrate reduction. suspensions of veillonella parvula and haemophilus parainfluenzae accumulated nitrite during nitrate reduction in the absence of nitrite-reducing neisseria subflava or streptococcus sanguis. the maximum concentration of nitrite that transiently accumulated decreased predictably as the ratio of nitrite-removing bacter ...	1987	3117970
regulation of arginine-ornithine exchange and the arginine deiminase pathway in streptococcus lactis.	streptococcus lactis metabolizes arginine by the arginine deiminase (adi) pathway. resting cells of s. lactis grown in the presence of galactose and arginine maintain a high intracellular ornithine pool in the absence of arginine and other exogenous energy sources. addition of arginine results in a rapid release of ornithine concomitant with the uptake of arginine. subsequent arginine metabolism results intracellularly in high citrulline and low ornithine pools. arginine-ornithine exchange was s ...	1987	3119567
role of immunoblotting in the diagnosis of culture negative and enterococcal endocarditis.	serum samples from patients with endocarditis and septicaemia due to enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus bovis, and streptococcus sanguis were immunoblotted against antigenic extracts from all four species. in e faecalis endocarditis there was a strong igm response to e faecalis antigenic bands of 112, 88-90, and 45-47 kd and a strong igg response to 88-90 and 45-47 kd bands. in e faecium endocarditis there was a pronounced igg response to an e faecium band of 82-90 kd. fo ...	1987	3119674
cloning and expression in escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and streptococcus sanguis of a gene for staphylokinase--a bacterial plasminogen activator.	the gene coding for the bacterial plasminogen activator staphylokinase was cloned from the staphylococcus aureus phage 42d, a serogroup f phage used for lysotyping, onto the standard escherichia coli plasmid vector pacyc184. the coding and flanking sequences of the sak42d gene were largely identical to those of a sak gene cloned from the serologically different s. aureus phage søc (sako and tsuchida 1983). subcloning of a 2.5 kb phage 42d dna fragment onto plasmid pgb3631 allowed the sak42d gene ...	1987	3123893
efficacy of orally administered penicillin v for prophylaxis of experimentally induced streptococcal endocarditis.	four oral penicillin v regimens were compared for the ability to prevent streptococcus sanguis infection of experimentally induced valvular heart lesions in rabbits. challenge doses of 10(4), 10(6), and 10(8) cfu of a penicillin-susceptible strain of s. sanguis were used in this study. measured by recovery of test organisms from endocardial lesions, the lowest-concentration inoculum was infective for 53% of the recipients; the higher-concentration inocula were infective for all recipients. a sin ...	1987	3124728
purification and characterization of streptococcus pyogenes erythrogenic toxin type a produced by a cloned gene in streptococcus sanguis.	the gene of streptococcus pyogenes erythrogenic toxin type a (spea) has been previously cloned in streptococcus sanguis (challis) and produces extracellular erythrogenic toxin type a (et a). the et a produced and secreted by this heterologous host was purified to homogeneity and shown to have properties identical to et a produced by s. pyogenes strain ny-5; i.e., serological identity in immunodiffusion, migration in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, mitogenic activity, inhibition of mitoge ...	1987	3125704
constitutive expression of erythromycin resistance mediated by the ermam determinant of plasmid pam beta 1 results from deletion of 5' leader peptide sequences.	we have sequenced the erythromycin resistance determinant (erm) of the streptococcus faecalis plasmid pam beta 1 to investigate its relationship to other known resistance determinants. we show that this determinant is strongly (99%) homologous at the dna level to that of plasmid pam77 (streptococcus sanguis) and of transposon tn917 (s. faecalis). moreover, nucleotide sequence comparison with the determinants of pam77 and tn917 shows that most of the probable regulatory region is absent, providin ...	1987	3127839
[high incidence of isolation of the two specific strains of str. sanguis from tooth plaques among the patients with mcls].		1987	3130431
the effect of adherent oral streptococci on the subsequent adherence of candida albicans to acrylic in vitro.		1987	3294954
pyruvate oxidase in streptococcus sanguis under various growth conditions.		1987	3295684
the effect of sucrose on the colonization of acrylic by candida albicans in pure and mixed culture in an artificial mouth.	the roles of sucrose and microbial interactions in the colonization of acrylic by candida albicans in an artificial mouth were investigated. the acrylic was colonized by pure cultures of the organism but a visible plaque was not produced whether or not sucrose was present. salivary bacteria had no effect in the absence of sucrose but when sucrose was present the numbers of c. albicans were significantly increased. it is suggested that this phenomenon is related to the production of extracellular ...	1987	3301780
effect of protease on cell surface structure, hydrophobicity and adhesion of tufted strains of streptococcus sanguis biotypes i and ii.	protease treatment of s. sanguis biotype i strains (aki and cr311) and s. sanguis biotype ii strains (cn3410 and psh1b) reduced cell surface hydrophobicity of all strains by up to 87.7% and reduced adhesion to saliva coated hydroxyapatite beads (s-sha) by up to 90%. all four strains carried lateral tufts of fibrils of two lengths on the cells. tuft fibrils and hydrophobicity were lost simultaneously from s. sanguis ii cn3410 when these properties were monitored simultaneously over 3 h. a rutheni ...	1987	3302619
a simplified diagnostic system for cultural detection and enumeration of streptococcus mutans.	a simple dip-slide test (cariescreen sm) based on msb selective agar was devised for detection and quantitation of streptococcus mutans in oral samples. for this test, a bacitracin tablet is dissolved in a vial containing buffered saline diluent. paraffin-stimulated saliva is collected in this diluent vial. a dip slide which incorporates a modified msb agar (minus bacitracin) is immersed briefly in the diluted saliva. after addition of a co2-generating tablet, the screw-cap dip slide is closed t ...	1987	3305618
microbial aspects of preventive regimes in patients with overdentures.	the aim of this study was to test effects of preventive regimes using fluoride and chlorhexidine to prevent caries and periodontal diseases in 34 patients with overdentures. the patients, who were treated with immediate overdentures, were distributed at random into three experimental groups. in these groups, different gels--a placebo, a fluoride, and a chlorhexidine-fluoride gel--were tested by daily application. supragingival plaque samples from selected surfaces of two abutment teeth were take ...	1987	3305620
the growth of oral bacteria on saliva.	the present experiments were aimed at studying the degradation of salivary glycoproteins by the oral microflora. to this end, s. sanguis i strain ny476 and s. sanguis ii (s. mitior) strain ny581 were grown continuously in human-whole saliva. under these conditions, the strains produced a variety of cell-associated hydrolytic activities, including glycosidases, exo- and endopeptidases, and esterases. s. sanguis ii generally exhibited higher levels of enzyme activity than did s. sanguis i, in part ...	1987	3305628
streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli and streptococcus sanguis in plaque from abutment teeth of cemented and of loose retainers.		1987	3308095
causes and control of dental caries.		1987	3309652
the effect of smokeless-tobacco extracts on the growth of oral bacteria of the genus streptococcus.	aqueous tobacco extracts were used to supplement a basic salts solution (bss) and a microbial medium. thin-layer chromatography revealed sucrose in only one of four extracts. discs saturated with extracts (0.1-50 mg/ml) failed to inhibit growth of any of the micro-organisms. supplementation (10 mg/ml) of bss with the tobaccos lacking sucrose resulted in augmented growth of streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius and streptococcus sanguis whereas the sucrose-containing brand augmented only ...	1987	3310979
novobiocin-resistant mutants of streptococcus sanguis with reduced cell hydrophobicity and defective in coaggregation.	mutants of streptococcus sanguis resistant to novobiocin (novr-mutants) were isolated after mutagenesis of strain challis with ethyl methanesulphonate. the resistance phenotype was transferred by dna-mediated transformation back into the parent strain at high frequency suggesting resistance was due to mutation(s) in a single gene or in closely-linked genes. cells of novr-mutants had normal morphology and secreted similar proteins to the wild-type strain. however, mutant cultures had slower growt ...	1987	3312487
a simple method for determining extracellular polysaccharide-producing ability of oral streptococci.	a simple method is described for determining the types of extracellular polysaccharides produced by oral streptococci. the method yields quantitative results in which the amount of polysaccharides produced is normalised with respect to dna. results correlate well with previously published data for oral streptococci, except in the case of streptococcus oralis for which there is no previously published data. all species within the mutans group produced both soluble and insoluble glucan; while solu ...	1987	3316938
evaluation of evidence related to streptococci in the etiology of kawasaki disease.		1987	3321074
investigations on the binding of erythrogenic toxin a of streptococcus pyogenes on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. i. light and electron microscopical demonstration of cell surface receptors using colloidal gold-labelled toxin.	receptors for erythrogenic toxin a (eta) of streptococcus pyogenes (strain ny-5) were demonstrated on human peripheral blood lymphocytes by binding of eta-gold conjugates to the cell surface. the specificity of the binding was proved in control experiments. the dark-red granules observed by light microscopy on unfixed cells were revealed by transmission electron microscopy to be patches of gold particles. by light microscopy on samples from 48 blood donors a mean value of 34 +/- 13% of eta-recep ...	1987	3326374
randomized prospective study of ceftazidime versus ceftazidime plus cephalothin in empiric treatment of febrile episodes in severely neutropenic patients.	in a prospective randomized study, ceftazidime monotherapy was compared with a combination of ceftazidime plus cephalothin in 102 febrile neutropenic patients. thirty bacteriologically documented infections, of which 23 were bacteremias, in 48 clinically assessable patients were treated with ceftazidime alone. twenty-four bacteriologically proven infections, of which 18 were bacteremias, in 42 clinically assessable patients were treated with a combination of ceftazidime and cephalothin. the clin ...	1987	3551829
characterization of lectinlike surface components on capnocytophaga ochracea atcc 33596 that mediate coaggregation with gram-positive oral bacteria.	the interactions between capnocytophaga ochracea atcc 33596 and streptococcus sanguis h1, actinomyces naeslundii pk984, or actinomyces israelii pk16 are dependent on specific recognitions between heat-sensitive adhesins on c. ochracea and heat-stable structures (probably carbohydrate-containing receptors) on the surfaces of these gram-positive coaggregation partners. the coaggregation of c. ochracea with each of these three organisms was inhibited by l-rhamnose and d-fucose and to a lesser exten ...	1987	3570460
characterization of a rat salivary sialoglycoprotein complex which agglutinates streptococcus mutans.	rat saliva agglutinated streptococcus mutans ingbritt and nctc 10449 and streptococcus sanguis nctc 7864 but not s. mutans nctc 10921, gs 5, or lm 7, streptococcus sobrinus 6715-13 or omz 65, or streptococcus cricetus hs 6, as measured turbidometrically. the specificity of agglutination by rat saliva was the same as that by human saliva. agglutination was associated with a mucin complex (rat salivary agglutinin complex [rs-a]) of sulfated sialoglycoproteins, with a trace of associated lipid and ...	1987	3570462
cell-to-cell interaction of streptococcus sanguis and propionibacterium acnes on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite.	cell-to-cell interaction (coaggregation) between propionibacterium acnes pk93 and streptococcus sanguis dl1 was measured on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite beads (sha) at bacterial concentrations between 1.3 x 10(6) and 6.7 x 10(8) cells per ml. four hundredfold more dl1 than pk93 cells adhered to the saliva-coated beads, and the adherence of s. sanguis was proportional to cell input. sha precoated with 3 x 10(8) dl1 cells bound 75 to 80% of available pk93 cells at all input amounts tested, up to a ...	1987	3570474
streptococcus sanguis ii (viridans) prosthetic valve endocarditis with myocardial, splenic and cerebral abscesses.		1987	3577142
[purification and characterization of a new amphipathic antigen from streptococcus sanguis atcc 10557].		1987	3584404
fatal multivalvular endocarditis due to streptococcus milleri and streptococcus sanguis.		1987	3595587
role of sialic acid in the kinetics of streptococcus sanguis adhesion to artificial pellicle.	evaluation of the kinetics of adhesion of streptococcus sanguis 10556 to saliva-coated hydroxylapatite revealed that sialic acid played a role in the formation of a stable cell-substratum complex. in a previous paper (m. m. cowan, k. g. taylor, and r. j. doyle, j. dent. res. 65:1278-1283, 1986) the adhesion was found to take place in two distinct stages: a reversible equilibrium, probably governed by long-range forces, followed by a transition to higher-affinity binding. in the present study, ar ...	1987	3596799
differential medium for mixed cultures of alpha-hemolytic streptococci from blood.	alpha-hemolytic streptococci (ahs) were isolated from blood cultures from 100 patients, and species were identified by the ruoff and kunz scheme. when isolates were inoculated onto sheep blood agar, all 100 cultures appeared to be pure, with identifications based on colonial morphology and gram stain. when isolates were subcultured onto mitis salivarius agar (msa), mixtures of two species of ahs were detected in 10 cultures from patients (10%). these mixed cultures would have been reported as pu ...	1987	3597746
responses of platelets to strains of streptococcus sanguis: findings in healthy subjects, bernard-soulier, glanzmann's, and collagen-unresponsive patients.	the ability of endocarditis and dental strains of streptococcus sanguis to induce platelet aggregation in plasma (prp) from normal subjects were examined and compared to responses of prp with known platelet membrane glycoprotein (gp) and response defects. s. sanguis strains differed in their ability to induce normal prps to aggregate. strains that induced prp aggregation in more than 60% of donors were significantly faster agonists (mean lag times to onset of aggregation less than 6 min) than th ...	1987	3603413
septic discitis as a presentation of endocarditis.		1987	3626915
structure of a new hexasaccharide from the coaggregation polysaccharide of streptococcus sanguis 34.	the major constituent of a coaggregation polysaccharide from streptococcus sanguis 34 is a hexasaccharide, isolated as the alditol. the proposed structure is alpha-d-galpnac-(1----3)-beta-l-rhap-(1----4)-beta-d-glcp-(1----6) -beta-d-galf- (1----6)-beta-d-galpnac-(1----3)-d-galol, based upon g.l.c.-m.s. of alditol acetates and partially methylated alditol acetates, f.a.b.-m.s., 1h-n.m.r. spectroscopy, g.l.c.-m.s. of trimethylsilylated (+)- and (-)-2-butyl glycosides, and cleavage by alpha-n-acety ...	1987	3652075
the utility of osler's nodes in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.	the etiology of osler's nodes remains controversial. we describe a patient with endocarditis in whom streptococcus sanguis was grown from the biopsy of such a lesion. bacterial embolic events are likely to be the major pathogenetic event in the development of osler's nodes, and recognition of the etiology of infective endocarditis may be found through biopsy of them.	1987	3652766
enzymatic modification of glycocalyx in the treatment of experimental endocarditis due to viridans streptococci.	the presence of abundant surface polysaccharide, or glycocalyx, on viridans streptococci has been associated with failure to eradicate the organism from experimental cardiac vegetations during penicillin treatment. the role of glycocalyx in retarding sterilization was tested by in vivo administration of dextranase, an endohydrolase that attacks internally situated alpha (1-6) linkages. dextranase and penicillin, either singly or in combination, were used to treat experimental endocarditis. after ...	1987	3655403
aggregation of streptococcus sanguis biotypes i and ii by parotid saliva: a comparison between peritrichously fibrillar and tufted strains.	twelve strains of streptococcus sanguis biotype i and seven strains of streptococcus sanguis biotype ii carrying either peritrichous fibrils or tufts of fibrils, were examined for their susceptibility to aggregation by parotid saliva. salivary aggregation was evaluated using a spectrophotometric measurement of sedimentation to assess clump size. a clear distinction emerged between structural sub-groups. irrespective of biotype, strains carrying peritrichous fibrils aggregated strongly whilst tuf ...	1987	3657600
genetic relationships among the oral streptococci.	genetic relationships and species limits among the oral streptococci were determined by an analysis of electrophoretically demonstrable variation in 16 metabolic enzymes. fifty isolates represented 40 electrophoretic types, among which the mean genetic diversity per locus was 0.857. mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase was not detected in isolates of the sanguis species complex, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were absent in species of the mutans complex. ...	1987	3667531
[infectious endocarditis in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta].		1987	3669792
the isolation of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies: hybridomas to streptococcal antigens cross-reactive with mammalian basement membrane.	based upon the assumption that post-streptococcal sequelae are the result of cross-reactive antibodies, hybridomas were prepared from the spleens of mice immunized with group a type 12 streptococcal cell membranes (scm) specifically to screen for such cross-reactive antibodies. one fusion produced a cell population displaying antibodies reactive to both scm and glomerular basement membrane (gbm) antigens as demonstrated by elisa technique. ascites produced by this cell population also showed rea ...	1987	3679253
one and two doses of cephradine in the prophylaxis of experimental streptococcal endocarditis.	the efficacy of cephradine in the prophylaxis of rabbit streptococcus sanguis endocarditis was investigated. three days after cardiac catheterization and prior to challenge with s. sanguis, rabbits received either 1000 mg/kg (ten animals) or 500 mg/kg cephradine intramuscularly. infective endocarditis was prevented in only 30% of the animals. the addition of a second dose of cephradine (100 mg/kg) 8 h after an initial dose of 400 mg/kg did not prevent streptococcal endocarditis in 80% of animals ...	1987	3680090
environmental ph as a factor in the competition between strains of the oral streptococci streptococcus mutans, s. sanguis, and "s. mitior" growing in continuous culture.	strains of streptococcus mutans (biotype 1), streptococcus sanguis, and streptococcus mitior have been grown in mixed continuous culture in a semidefined medium under glucose limitation at a growth rate of d = 0.1 h-1. the effect of varying the environmental ph on the proportions of the different populations within the community has been determined. initially the populations were allowed to reach steady state at ph 7.0 when s. sanguis was dominant with s. mutans and "s. mitior" maintaining simil ...	1987	3690424
characteristics of a hydrogen peroxide-forming pyruvate oxidase from streptococcus sanguis.		1987	3473418
colonization of the human oral cavity by a streptococcus mutans mutant producing increased bacteriocin.	streptococcus mutans strain jh1005 is a mutant that produces levels of bacteriocin activity three-fold-elevated than those produced by its parent, jh1001. a single infection regimen with jh1005 was found to result in persistent colonization of the teeth of all three adult subjects tested. this is a significant improvement over jh1001, which required multiple exposures in order to colonize the teeth of humans reliably. the levels of total cultivable bacteria and indigenous s. sanguis were not aff ...	1987	3476580
relationship between dental plaque indices and bacteria in dental plaque and those in saliva.	a variety of indices has been developed for the quantitation of dental plaque. the aim of this study was to determine the correlation between the löe plaque index and the number of bacteria on the same tooth. furthermore, the effect of plaque accumulation on the salivary counts of some dental plaque organisms was estimated. twenty volunteers were asked to abstain from all oral hygiene for a one-week period. clinical indices and bacteriological samples were taken at the start and at the end of th ...	1987	3476622
isolation of bacteria lytic against streptococcus sanguis atcc 10558 from human dental plaque.		1987	3477320
microbiology of the early colonization of human enamel and root surfaces in vivo.	this study describes the predominant early microflora on human teeth on the basis of microbiologic identification of 1742 fresh isolates. the isolates were obtained from four dental students who carried test pieces of enamel and root surface in the oral cavity for 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. during the experimental periods oral hygiene was discontinued. under equal conditions root surfaces were more heavily colonized than were enamel surfaces. however, the composition of the microbiota was the same. wit ...	1987	3477852
isolation, chemical and biological characterization of sulphated glycoproteins synthesized by rat buccal and palatal minor salivary glands in vivo and in vitro.	35s-labelled sulphated glycoproteins (sgp) were isolated from these glands after the incorporation of radiosulphate in vivo and in vitro by fractionation of tissue and medium extracts on sepharose 4b and partial purification by deae-sephacel anion exchange chromatography. fractions were assessed for purity by sds-page and by cellulose-acetate electrophoresis. molecular weights ranged from 34,000 to 5 x 10(6). it was notable that the molecular size of sgp from the in vitro media was generally low ...	1987	3479079
effect of crevicular fluid and lysosomal enzymes on the adherence of streptococci and bacteroides to hydroxyapatite.	samples of hydroxyapatite (ha) beads smaller than 1 mg were coated with 10 microliter of either saliva, serum, or human crevicular fluid before being added to a suspension of streptococcus sanguis or bacteroides gingivalis. in some assays, preparations of a granular fraction, elastase, or cathepsin g from human leukocytes were used to coat ha or to treat saliva-coated ha (sha) before mixing with bacteria. the number of cells adhering to the beads was then counted under a scanning electron micros ...	1987	3032801
energetics of the initial phase of adhesion of streptococcus sanguis to hydroxylapatite.	the initial adhesion of streptococcus sanguis 10556 to artificial salivary pellicle and to bare hydroxylapatite was studied at several temperatures between 18 and 37 degrees c. when the natural logarithms of rate constants for adsorption and desorption were plotted against reciprocal temperatures in arrhenius plots, curved lines were obtained, indicating that the thermodynamic quantities of enthalpy and entropy of activation were temperature dependent. for the bare hydroxylapatite system, the he ...	1987	3036767
molecular cloning and characterization of a streptococcus sanguis dnase necessary for repair of dna damage induced by uv light and methyl methanesulfonate.	we developed a method for cloning cellular nucleases from streptococci. recombinant lambda gt11 bacteriophage containing streptococcal nuclease determinants were identified by the production of pink plaques on toluidine blue o dnase plates. we used this technique to clone a 3.2-kilobase-pair ecori fragment with dnase activity from the chromosome of streptococcus sanguis. the locus was designated don (dnase one) and could be subcloned and stably maintained on plasmid vectors in escherichia coli. ...	1987	3036775
dextransucrase: a glucosyltransferase from streptococcus sanguis.		1987	3037240
bacterial antigens induce collagenase and prostaglandin e2 synthesis in human gingival fibroblasts through a primary effect on circulating mononuclear cells.	our previous work suggests that one mechanism through which connective tissue breakdown might occur in periodontal diseases is the production of metalloproteinases, including collagenase, by gingival fibroblasts. in this study we investigated whether highly purified preparations of lipopolysaccharide (lps) and lipoteichoic acid (lta) from a number of putative periodontal pathogens could induce monolayer cultures of human gingival fibroblasts to synthesize collagenase and prostaglandin e2. using ...	1987	3040590
identification and preliminary characterization of a streptococcus sanguis fibrillar glycoprotein.	cell surface fibrils could be released from streptococcus sanguis 12 but not from strains 12na or n by freeze-thawing followed by brief homogenization. fibrils were isolated from the homogenate by ultracentrifugation or ammonium sulfate precipitation. electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of dense masses of aggregated fibrils in these preparations. under nondenaturing conditions, no proteins were seen in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-page analysi ...	1987	3793716
right atrial vegetation in left ventricular-right atrial communication.	we report a case of right-sided endocarditis with left ventricular-right atrial communication in which right atrial vegetation was demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography. the present case demonstrates that the right atrial vegetation in ventricular septal defect is suggestive of left ventricular-right atrial communication.	1987	3815918
oxygen sensitivity of sugar metabolism and interconversion of pyruvate formate-lyase in intact cells of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis.	pyruvate formate-lyase (pfl) (formate acetyltransferase; ec 2.3.1.54) of oral streptococci is essential for metabolizing sugar into volatile compounds (formate, acetate, and ethanol). this enzyme is extremely sensitive to oxygen, and its activity is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen. when streptococcus sanguis was anaerobically starved, a part of the active form of pfl was converted into a reversible inactive form that was tolerant of oxygen. this reversible inactive enzyme could be reactivated ...	1987	3818089
a bacteriocin of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.	an inhibitory factor from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans y4 was isolated, and its properties indicated that it was a bacteriocin (actinobacillicin). the bacteriocin was active against streptococcus sanguis strains, streptococcus uberis (fdc1), and actinomyces viscosus t14 as well as other strains of a. actinomycetemcomitans, but not against other crevicular bacteria, including other streptococci and actinomycetes. the activity of this bacteriocin was inhibited by pronase, trypsin, and heat ...	1987	3818090
purification and biochemical properties of a bacteriocin from actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.	extracts of certain strains of actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are inhibitory to strains of streptococcus sanguis such as s. sanguis atcc 10556. the isolation of a protein from an a. actinomycetemcomitans sonic extract which copurified with the inhibitory activity was accomplished by preparative isoelectric focusing, sephadex g-100 gel filtration chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the resulting isolated protein, which focused at a ph of 6.1 to 6.3, ap ...	1987	3818091
effect of sodium and amine fluoride treatment on adsorption and ultrastructure of s. mutans and s. sanguis.	a new modification of hydroxyapatite (ha) adherence assay is presented to study the effect of two chemically different fluorides, sodium fluoride (2% solution) and amine fluoride (elmex sol. concentrate) on the adsorption of s. mutans (atcc 27351) and s. sanguis (atcc 10556). vaseline-coated glass rods were rolled in ha powder, after which the rods were either coated or not coated with salivary pellicle. both strains adsorbed better to saliva-coated rods. pretreatment of the rods with fluorides ...	1987	2821611
expression of streptococcus sanguis antigens in escherichia coli: cloning of a structural gene for adhesion fimbriae.	chromosomal dna from streptococcus sanguis fw213 was partially digested with ecori and ligated into the positive-selection cloning vector pop203(a2+). the ligation mixture was used to transform escherichia coli k-12, and 4,500 transformants were examined. the tetracycline-resistant colonies had inserts averaging 3.2 kilobases. the entire colony bank was screened by colony immunoassay with polyclonal rabbit serum raised against s. sanguis fw213 whole cells. thirty recombinant colonies produced st ...	1987	2878882
lack of correlation between fibrils, hydrophobicity and adhesion for strains of streptococcus sanguis biotypes i and ii.	fifteen strains of streptococcus sanguis biotype i and eight strains of streptococcus sanguis biotype ii with peritrichous fibrils, tufts of fibrils or a mixture of fibrils and fimbriae on the cell surface, were tested for their ability to adhere to saliva coated spheroidal hydroxyapatite (s-sha) in a radiolabelled assay. s. sanguis i strains adhered better than s. sanguis ii strains and peritrichously fibrillar strains generally adhered better than tufted strains. there was no correlation betwe ...	1987	2885724
fimbria-associated proteins of bacteroides loescheii pk1295 mediate intergeneric coaggregations.	bacteroides loescheii pk1295 serves as a coaggregation bridge between streptococcus sanguis 34 and actinomyces israelii pk14, two gram-positive oral bacteria that are otherwise unable to coaggregate. whereas coaggregation with s. sanguis 34 is inhibited by lactose, no simple sugar was found that inhibited coaggregation with a. israelii pk14. coaggregation-defective (cog-) mutants of b. loescheii pk1295 were isolated for the purpose of identifying the surface components responsible for the intera ...	1987	2887546
membrane-associated and solubilized atpases of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sanguis.	the proton-translocating, membrane atpases of oral streptococci have been implicated in cytoplasmic ph regulation, acidurance, and cariogenicity. membranes were isolated from streptococcus mutans gs-5 and streptococcus sanguis nctc 10904 following salt-induced lysis of cells treated with lysozyme and mutanolysin. the atpase activities of these membranes were 1.8 and 1.1 units per mg membrane protein, respectively. f1 atpases were washed free from the membranes and purified by fast protein liquid ...	1987	2887601
molecular basis of bacterial adhesion in the oral cavity.	the two varieties of fimbriae identified on oral strains of actinomyces have distinct functional properties. the type 1 fimbriae of actinomyces viscosus t14v mediate attachment to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. type 2 fimbriae--on a. viscosus and the only fimbriae detected on a. naeslundii wvu45--are associated with lectin activity. interaction of these fimbriae with complementary receptors initiates bacterial attachment to streptococcus sanguis 34 and sialidase-treated epithelial cells and the ...	1987	2891180
characterisation of and polysaccharide production by amoxycillin-resistant streptococci.	small numbers of bacteria capable of growing on agar supplemented with amoxycillin 40 mg/l were isolated from the saliva of 9 out of 20 adult volunteers in a previous study. all the bacteria were identified as streptococcus sanguis although no strains produced dextran in conventional tests. however, using a specific assay, all the antibiotic-resistant strains were found to secrete glucosyltransferases (gtf), the enzymes that synthesise these extracellular polysaccharides; the production of gtf-s ...	1987	2959780
the relationship between glycosyltransferase production and membrane fatty acid composition of streptococcus sanguis nctc 7865 grown in the presence of protonmotive force inhibitors.	the fatty acid composition of streptococcus sanguis nctc 7865 was not altered by changing the cation composition (na+/k+) of the growth medium; glucosyltransferase (gtf; ec 2.4.1.5) also remained constant. in contrast, fructosyltransferase (ftf-s; ec 2.4.1.10) production was reduced by at least 50% in medium with a high na+ concentration. growth in the presence of ionophores (gramicidin, nigericin or valinomycin) resulted in an increased proportion of saturated fatty acids, principally octadecan ...	1987	2966234
a collagen-like immunodeterminant on the surface of streptococcus sanguis induces platelet aggregation.	the basis of similarities in the mechanism of human platelet aggregation induced by soluble collagen and the dental plaque bacterium streptococcus sanguis was analyzed. structural and functional comparisons were made by using molecular probes, including rabbit antibody fractions reactive with components on s. sanguis and a synthetic, collagen-like octapeptide mimicking segments from cyanogen bromide fragments 6 and 4 of types i and iii collagen, respectively. when platelets were pretreated with ...	1987	2437190
serological relationships between serotype-iii streptococcus sanguis and lancefield group-h streptococci.	certain strains of streptococcus sanguis and group-h streptococci have been shown to have similar physiological properties and serological specificities. serological studies revealed that serotype-iii s. sanguis shared a common antigen with the so-called "british" group-h streptococci, but not with the "american" group-h streptococci. serotype-iii antigen was extracted in cold 5% trichloroacetic acid from isolated cell walls of s. sanguis atcc 10558, and purified chromatographically. the purifie ...	1987	2438413
association of viridans group streptococci from pregnant women with bacterial vaginosis and upper genital tract infection.	the prevalence and role of viridans group streptococci in the female genital tract have not been well described. in this study of 482 pregnant women, 147 (30%) were culture positive for viridans group streptococci. of 392 women with predominant lactobacillus morphotypes by gram stain (normal), 110 (28%) were colonized with viridans group streptococci, compared with 37 (41%) of 90 women with bacterial vaginosis (bv) (p = 0.02). to determine whether any species were associated with bv, 177 consecu ...	1988	2454943