Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| cd4(+) t lymphocytes from calves immunized with anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1 (msp1), a heteromeric complex of msp1a and msp1b, preferentially recognize the msp1a carboxyl terminus that is conserved among strains. | native major surface protein 1 (msp1) of the ehrlichial pathogen anaplasma marginale induces protective immunity in calves challenged with homologous and heterologous strains. msp1 is a heteromeric complex of a single msp1a protein covalently associated with msp1b polypeptides, of which at least two (designated msp1f1 and msp1f3) in the florida strain are expressed. immunization with recombinant msp1a and msp1b alone or in combination fails to provide protection. the protective immunity in calve ... | 2001 | 11598059 |
| population structure of plasmodium falciparum isolates during an epidemic in southern mauritania. | while the population structure of plasmodium falciparum is well analysed in selected areas with high malaria endemicity in east and west africa, only limited data are available for low endemicity regions bordering the saharan desert. this is one of the first studies for the sahel, where atypically strong rainfalls in 1998 and 1999 led to a severe outbreak of falciparum malaria in south-east mauritania. during a study on in vivo-drug resistance against chloroquine we collected blood samples of pa ... | 2001 | 11679123 |
| immunization of cattle with anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture. | anaplasmosis is a hemolytic disease of cattle caused by the ehrlichial tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale. killed vaccines used for control of anaplasmosis in the us used antigen harvested from infected bovine erythrocytes which was often contaminated with bovine cells and other pathogens. in this study, we performed an initial cattle trial to test a. marginale harvested from tick cell culture as an immunogen for cattle. eleven yearling holstein cattle were immunized with the cell culture-d ... | 2001 | 11705661 |
| major surface protein 1a effects tick infection and transmission of anaplasma marginale. | anaplasma marginale, an ehrlichial pathogen of cattle and wild ruminants, is transmitted biologically by ticks. a developmental cycle of a. marginale occurs in a tick that begins in gut cells followed by infection of salivary glands, which are the site of transmission to cattle. geographic isolates of a. marginale vary in their ability to be transmitted by ticks. in these experiments we studied transmission of two recent field isolates of a. marginale, an oklahoma isolate from wetumka, ok, and a ... | 2001 | 11730800 |
| reorganization of genera in the families rickettsiaceae and anaplasmataceae in the order rickettsiales: unification of some species of ehrlichia with anaplasma, cowdria with ehrlichia and ehrlichia with neorickettsia, descriptions of six new species combinations and designation of ehrlichia equi and 'hge agent' as subjective synonyms of ehrlichia phagocytophila. | the genera anaplasma, ehrlichia, cowdria, neorickettsia and wolbachia encompass a group of obligate intracellular bacteria that reside in vacuoles of eukaryotic cells and were previously placed in taxa based upon morphological, ecological, epidemiological and clinical characteristics. recent genetic analyses of 16s rrna genes, groesl and surface protein genes have indicated that the existing taxa designations are flawed. all 16s rrna gene and groesl sequences deposited in genbank prior to 2000 a ... | 2001 | 11760958 |
| evolution and function of tandem repeats in the major surface protein 1a of the ehrlichial pathogen anaplasma marginale. | the major surface protein (msp) 1a of the ehrlichial cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale, encoded by the single-copy gene msp1alpha, has been shown to have a neutralization-sensitive epitope and to be an adhesin for bovine erythrocytes and tick cells. msp1alpha has been found to be a stable genetic marker for the identification of geographic isolates of a. marginale throughout development in acutely and persistently infected cattle and in ticks. the molecular weight of msp1a varies among geograp ... | 2001 | 11831437 |
| immunity following use of australian tick fever vaccine: a review of the evidence. | to review the evidence available on the degree and duration of immunity provided by australian tick fever vaccines against babesia bovis, b. bigemina and anaplasma marginale infections in australia and overseas. | 2001 | 11837905 |
| interference between the agents of lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a natural reservoir host. | agents of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia phagocytophila) are perpetuated in a natural cycle involving the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis) and its vertebrate hosts. using i. scapularis nymphs as the mode of infectious challenge, we studied how infection with one pathogen in white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) affects their ability to acquire the other agent and subsequently to infect larvae, which these agents would do in nature. two g ... | 2001 | 12653144 |
| acarologic risk of exposure to emerging tick-borne bacterial pathogens in a semirural community in northern california. | an acarologic study was conducted in a semirural community in northern california to determine the relative abundance of, and the prevalence of infection with, three emerging bacterial pathogens in the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). these included the agents causing lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi), human granulocytic ehrlichiosis [ehrlichia phagocytophila (formerly ehrlichia equi)], and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (ehrlichia chaffeensis). the study area in sonoma county consi ... | 2001 | 12653148 |
| highly conserved regions of the immunodominant major surface protein 2 of the genogroup ii ehrlichial pathogen anaplasma marginale are rich in naturally derived cd4+ t lymphocyte epitopes that elicit strong recall responses. | genogroup ii ehrlichia, including the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, ehrlichia phagocytophila, and the bovine pathogen anaplasma marginale, express a markedly immunodominant outer membrane protein designated major surface protein 2 (msp2). msp2 is encoded by a multigene family, resulting in the expression of variant b cell epitopes. msp2 variants are sequentially expressed in the repeated cycles of rickettsemia that characterize persistent a. marginale infection and control of each ri ... | 2001 | 11145692 |
| strain composition of the ehrlichia anaplasma marginale within persistently infected cattle, a mammalian reservoir for tick transmission. | tick-borne ehrlichial pathogens of animals and humans require a mammalian reservoir of infection from which ticks acquire the organism for subsequent transmission. in the present study, we examined the strain structure of anaplasma marginale, a genogroup ii ehrlichial pathogen, in both an acute outbreak and in persistently infected cattle that serve as a reservoir for tick transmission. using the msp1alpha genotype as a stable strain marker, only a single genotype was detected in a disease outbr ... | 2001 | 11158120 |
| transmission of anaplasma phagocytophila (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) in horses using experimentally infected ticks (ixodes scapularis). | most human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) studies carried out in horses use needle inoculation of infected leucocytes or cell cultures. this route of inoculation does not accurately reflect natural infection of the tick-borne agent. to investigate whether tick transmission influences the course of granulocytic ehrlichiosis in the horse model, experimental transmission through infected laboratory-reared ixodes scapularis ticks was attempted into two healthy horses. one additional horse served as ... | 2002 | 12485358 |
| avian reservoirs of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis? | 2002 | 12498679 | |
| applications of a cell culture system for studying the interaction of anaplasma marginale with tick cells. | a cell culture system for the tick-borne rickettsia anaplasma marginale offers new opportunities for research on this economically important pathogen of cattle. a. marginale multiplies in membrane-bound inclusions in host cells. whereas erythrocytes appear to be the only site of infection in cattle, a. marginale undergoes a complex developmental cycle in ticks and transmission occurs via the salivary glands during feeding. we recently developed a cell culture system for a. marginale using a cell ... | 2002 | 12665106 |
| multiple infection in bovines from the tropics: observation of blood parasites by scanning and transmission electron microscope. | blood samples from a splenectomized bovine, experimentally inoculated with blood from a field cow living in southwestern venezuela, were processed for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. the blood sample showed multiple infection with hemoparasites of the genera anaplasma marginale, eperythrozoon wenyonii and trypanosoma vivax. scanning electron microscope showed that the blood from bovines with multiple infection had profound deformation in knob-like protruding structures with reduce ... | 2002 | 12701380 |
| diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: state of the art. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging zoonosis caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum and transmitted through the bite of infected ixodes scapularis. it is prevalent in the midwest and northeast united states and also in europe, and it presents as a nonspecific febrile illness a few days after a tick bite usually between late spring and fall. most cases present in adult patients with a mild form of the disease, although it can be severe with multiorgan failure, particularly in the elderly ... | 2002 | 12804164 |
| epidemiology and impact of coinfections acquired from ixodes ticks. | ixodes scapularis and other ticks in the ixodes ricinus complex may transmit multiple pathogens, but research on coinfections has been limited. coinfections occur with varying frequency in ticks, but single infections are more common than dual infections. the proportion of i. scapularis or i. ricinus ticks coinfected with both borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophila is generally low, ranging from < 1% to 6% in six geographic areas. a higher prevalence of tick coinfection (26 ... | 2002 | 12804168 |
| transcript heterogeneity of the p44 multigene family in a human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent transmitted by ticks. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is an emerging tick-borne zoonosis caused by a strain of anaplasma phagocytophila called the hge agent, an obligatory intracellular bacterium. the agent expresses immunodominant 44-kda outer membrane proteins (p44s) encoded by a multigene family. the present study established an experimental process for transmission of the hge agent from infected mice (a reservoir model) to nymphal ixodes scapularis ticks (a biological vector) and subsequently to horses (a p ... | 2002 | 11854198 |
| genetic variability and stability of anaplasma phagocytophila msp2 (p44). | anaplasma (ehrlichia) phagocytophila's major immunodominant surface protein antigen, msp2 (p44, 44-kda antigen), is encoded by a family of paralogous genes characterized by conserved sequences flanking a hypervariable region. the antigenic profiles of most strains of a. phagocytophila are different, and the differences are principally related to msp2 expression. to date, multiple unique msp2 gene paralogs have been found in a. phagocytophila isolates, but the overall number in the genome of a si ... | 2002 | 11854205 |
| effects of anaplasma phagocytophila on nadph oxidase components in human neutrophils and hl-60 cells. | the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent, anaplasma phagocytophila, resides and multiplies exclusively in cytoplasmic vacuoles of granulocytes. a. phagocytophila rapidly inhibits the superoxide anion (o(2)(-)) generation by human neutrophils in response to various stimuli. to determine the inhibitory mechanism, the influence of a. phagocytophila on protein levels and localization of components of the nadph oxidase were examined. a. phagocytophila decreased levels of p22(phox), but not gp91(phox ... | 2002 | 11854221 |
| merozoite surface protein 3 and protection against malaria in aotus nancymai monkeys. | a blood-stage vaccine based on plasmodium falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (msp3) was tested for efficacy in a primate model. aotus nancymai monkeys were vaccinated with yeast-expressed msp3 before a lethal challenge with plasmodium falciparum parasites. five of 7 control monkeys had acute infections and required treatment to control parasitemia. only 1 of 7 monkeys vaccinated with msp3 required this treatment. the efficacy of the msp3 vaccination appeared to be comparable to that of msp1( ... | 2002 | 11865423 |
| the highest priority: what microbial genomes are telling us about immunity. | study of microbial genomes has provided new insight into the functions that pathogens require for survival in the animal host. small genome bacterial pathogens, defined as those < or = 1/3 the size of escherichia coli, include chlamydiae, rickettsiae and ehrlichiae, mycoplasmas, and spirochetes. the small genome size is believed to result from reductive evolution, a process of initial mutation with loss of function followed by progressive accumulation of mutations and eventual gene deletion. thi ... | 2002 | 11867162 |
| selective in vivo depletion of cd4(+) t lymphocytes with anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody during acute infection of calves with anaplasma marginale. | to investigate the in vivo role of cd4(+) t lymphocytes during acute anaplasmosis, thymectomized calves were selectively depleted of cd4(+) t lymphocytes by treatment with anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody (mab) and were then infected with the florida strain of anaplasma marginale in two sequential experiments (experiments 1 and 2). treatment of thymectomized calves with a total of 5.0 mg of anti-cd4 mab/kg of body weight during the 1st week followed by 0.3-mg/kg doses administered twice weekly for 7 ... | 2002 | 11874888 |
| characterization and transcriptional analysis of gene clusters for a type iv secretion machinery in human granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiosis agents. | anaplasma (ehrlichia) phagocytophila and ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agents of granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichioses, respectively, are obligatory intracellular bacteria that cause febrile systemic illness in humans. we identified and characterized clusters of genes for a type iv secretion machinery in these two bacteria, and analyzed their gene expression in cell culture and mammalian hosts. eight virb and vird genes were found in each bacterial genome, and all of the genes were tran ... | 2002 | 11895979 |
| antigenic variation of anaplasma marginale msp2 occurs by combinatorial gene conversion. | the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale establishes lifelong persistent infection in the mammalian reservoir host, during which time immune escape variants continually arise in part because of variation in the expressed copy of the immunodominant outer membrane protein msp2. a key question is how the small 1.2 mb a. marginale genome generates sufficient variants to allow long-term persistence in an immunocompetent reservoir host. the recombination of whole pseudogenes into the single msp2 e ... | 2002 | 11918803 |
| a msp1alpha polymerase chain reaction assay for specific detection and differentiation of anaplasma marginale isolates. | anaplasma marginale is the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, a disease which can be protected by vaccination with the less pathogenic anaplasma species, a. centrale. currently, there is no polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay available which differentiates between different species of anaplasma or which can differentiate isolates of a. marginale within outbreaks and between different countries. a molecular test specific for a. marginale would be ideal for the identification of anaplasma s ... | 2002 | 11955782 |
| human ehrlichioses. | human ehrlichioses represent one of the best examples of newly emergent infectious diseases in which the classic triad of host, infectious agent, and environment are intertwined closely. these pathogens have existed for eons on the planet, and some were described as veterinary pathogens decades ago. because of dramatic increases of deer and small mammal populations in certain areas and the subsequent increased populations of particular blood-feeding ticks, the risk of developing these diseases i ... | 2002 | 11982308 |
| infection of tick cells and bovine erythrocytes with one genotype of the intracellular ehrlichia anaplasma marginale excludes infection with other genotypes. | anaplasma marginale, a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle, is endemic in several areas of the united states. many geographic isolates of a. marginale that occur in the united states are characterized by the major surface protein 1a, which varies in sequence and molecular weight due to different numbers of tandem repeats of 28 or 29 amino acids. recent studies (g. h. palmer, f. r. rurangirwa, and t. f. mcelwain, j. clin. microbiol. 39:631-635, 2001) of an a. marginale-infected herd of catt ... | 2002 | 11986275 |
| molecular epidemiology of plasmodium falciparum infections among asymptomatic inhabitants of a holoendemic malarious area in northern ghana. | age dependence of malaria infection was assessed in an age-stratified cluster sample of 308 individuals from kassena-nankana district of northern ghana during june and july 2000. overall prevalence of plasmodium falciparum by microscopy was 70%, with the maximum among 5-9 year olds. parasite density was highest (geometric mean 1922/microl blood) in 1-2 year olds. eighty-two per cent of samples were positive by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and restriction fragment length polymorphism typing o ... | 2002 | 12000651 |
| antigenic characterization of anaplasma marginale isolates from different regions of brazil. | antigenic characterization of a. marginale isolates has contributed to identifying the presence of common and restricts epitopes of major surface proteins (msps). the data may improve vaccine development to protect against a. marginale isolates from different regions. brazilian a. marginale isolates were characterized antigenically by western blot with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against msps and rabbit anti-msp-4 from florida strain. six a. marginale isolates from ms, mg (aufv1), sp, pr-l1, pr ... | 2002 | 12034541 |
| molecular diagnosis of theileriosis and heartwater in bovines in africa. | the advent of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) coupled with the specificity of deoxyribocucleic acid (dna)-dna hybridization has led to the development of specific and sensitive molecular diagnostic tests to detect and characterize the organisms that cause theileriosis and heartwater. theileriosis is a widespread disease of wild and domestic ruminants caused by apicomplexan parasites of the genus theileria. species-specific variations in small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes (ssurrna ... | 2002 | 12055842 |
| effect of tetracycline on development of anaplasma marginale in cultured ixodes scapularis cells. | infections of the tick-borne ehrlichial pathogen, anaplasma marginale, in cattle have been controlled, in part, by administration of low doses of tetracycline. recently, a cell culture system was developed for a. marginale using a tick cell line derived from embryonic ixodes scapularis. this study was designed to determine the effect of tetracycline on a. marginale propagated in a tick cell culture assay. various concentrations of tetracycline (0, 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 5, 10, 20 or 100 microg/ml) wer ... | 2002 | 12072219 |
| antigenic characterization of morphologically distinct anaplasma marginale isolates using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. | the present study, describes the antigenic characterization of a brazilian isolate of anaplasma marginale with appendage (tail). a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) was produced and tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), elisa and western blotting, and used to characterize two isolates of a. marginale (one with appendage and another without appendage). among the clones produced, eight recognized antigenic proteins, with molecular weights varying from 18.4 to 66kda. in west ... | 2002 | 12072223 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies that react with anaplasma phagocytophila, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, in different populations in westchester county, new york. | we determined the frequencies of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophila, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), in different groups of adults and children from westchester county, new york. the groups included 159 adult blood donors and 215 children who were seronegative for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies, 118 adult patients and 57 children who were seropositive for b. burgdorferi antibodies, and 42 adult patients with culture-confirmed erythema migrans. eighteen (11.3%) of the blo ... | 2002 | 12089287 |
| detection of the anaplasma centralevaccine strain and specific differentiation from anaplasma marginale in vaccinated and infected cattle. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsia anaplasma marginale is the most prevalent tick-borne disease of cattle worldwide. the most efficient method to control anaplasmosis is by vaccination using live anaplasma centrale, a closely related species or subspecies of low pathogenicity that is capable of inducing significant protection against the more virulent a. marginale. in the present study, we applied pcr assays to detect and discriminate field infection with a. marginale ... | 2002 | 12107477 |
| roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, nf-kappab, and protein kinase c in proinflammatory cytokine mrna expression by human peripheral blood leukocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in response to anaplasma phagocytophila. | anaplasma phagocytophila, an obligately intracellular bacterium of granulocytes, causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. within 2 h after addition of a. phagocytophila, interleukin-1beta (il-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and il-6 mrnas are induced in human peripheral blood leukocytes (pbls) or monocytes in vitro. however, neutrophils generate only il-1beta mrna. in the present study, signaling pathways for induction of these three cytokines were examined. tnf-alpha and il-6 mr ... | 2002 | 12117921 |
| identification and characterization of a site-specific tyrosine recombinase within the variable loci of mycoplasma bovis, mycoplasma pulmonis and mycoplasma agalactiae. | three highly mutable loci of the wall-less pathogens mycoplasma bovis, mycoplasma pulmonis and mycoplasma agalactiae undergo high-frequency genomic rearrangements and generate extensive antigenic variation of major surface lipoproteins. adjacent to each locus, an open reading frame exists as a single chromosomal copy and is predicted to encode a site-specific dna recombinase exhibiting high homology to the recombinases xerd of escherichia coli and codv of bacillus subtilis. each of the mycoplasm ... | 2002 | 12119115 |
| superoxide anion production during anaplasma phagocytophila infection. | anaplasma phagocytophila persists within neutrophils and prevents the respiratory burst by inhibiting gp91(phox). mutations in gp91(phox) result in chronic granulomatous disease (cgd), which is diagnosed by use of the nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) and fc-oxyburst assays that examine whether cells produce o2-. this study assessed whether the nbt and fc-oxyburst assays could detect a respiratory burst during a. phagocytophila infection. o2- production was inhibited in hl-60 cells and neutrophils inf ... | 2002 | 12134266 |
| ehrlichia equi (anaplasma phagocytophila) infection in an adult horse in france. | 2002 | 12135075 | |
| ehrlichiosis in ixodes ricinus and wild mammals. | 2002 | 12141732 | |
| pcr-elisa for diagnosis of trypanosoma evansi in animals and vector. | a highly sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based assay for the detection of trypanosoma evansi present in the blood of different animals and vector was developed. a simple lysis method was used to remove of the red blood cells to facilitate direct input of samples into the pcr reactions. the primer set was designed and synthesized to amplify a single band of 257 bp pcr product that was subsequently examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the sensitivity limit ... | 2002 | 12144767 |
| conservation of the unique rickettsial rrna gene arrangement in anaplasma. | the organization of the rrna genes of anaplasma marginale, the type species of the genus anaplasma, was identified to determine if the atypical rrna gene arrangement identified in rickettsiae preceded divergence of the order rickettsiales into the families anaplasmataceae and rickettsiaceae. the rrna genes are encoded by two unlinked units, each present in a single copy per a. marginale genome. the 16s rrna gene is separated from the linked 23s and 5s rrna genes by a minimum of 100 kb. similar t ... | 2002 | 12148657 |
| analysis of sequences and loci of p44 homologs expressed by anaplasma phagocytophila in acutely infected patients. | anaplasma phagocytophila is an obligatory intragranulocytic bacterium that causes human granulocytic ehrlichiosis. immunodominant 44-kda outer membrane proteins of a. phagocytophila are encoded by a p44 multigene family. in the present study, expression profiles of p44 genes in the blood of acutely infected patients in the year 2000 were characterized. a single p44 gene was predominantly expressed in peripheral blood leukocytes from one patient, while up to 17 different p44 genes were transcribe ... | 2002 | 12149362 |
| serologic and molecular detection of ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophila (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) in korean patients. | sera from 491 korean patients with acute febrile diseases were tested for ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophila antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), western blotting, and taqman real-time pcr. overall, 0.4% of sera reacted with e. chaffeensis, and 1.8% reacted with a. phagocytophila in ifas. this is the first report of detection of antibodies to a. phagocytophila and e. chaffeensis in korea and suggests the presence of a. phagocytophila and e. chaffeensis or antige ... | 2002 | 12149387 |
| phylogeography of new world isolates of anaplasma marginale based on major surface protein sequences. | gene and protein sequences of major surface proteins (msp) 1a and 4 of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) were used to infer phylogenetic relationships between new world isolates from argentina, brazil, mexico and the united states. seventeen isolates of a. marginale plus two outgroup taxa (a. centrale and a. ovis) were used for maximum-parsimony analysis of msp4, while 20 isolates were used for phylogenetic analysis of msp1a. msp4 analysis provided strong bootstrap support for ... | 2002 | 12151201 |
| agents of ehrlichia phagocytophila group and other microorganisms co-infecting ticks in southwestern slovakia. | 2002 | 12197635 | |
| epidemiology of bovine tick-borne diseases in southern italy. | this investigation was carried out in an area covering part of three southern italian regions: campania, basilicata and apulia. eighty-one farms were involved using the formula suggested by thrusfield; they were equally distributed over the area which was subdivided into 81 geo-referenced sub-areas. in may and june 1999 from a total of 506 cattle, older than 18 months, blood-samples were taken and ticks were collected and identified. serum samples were tested for antibodies of bahesia bigemina, ... | 2002 | 12199369 |
| identification of anaplasma phagocytophila (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) variants in blood from sheep in norway. | a total of 41 blood samples were collected from 40 anaplasma phagocytophila-infected sheep in 11 sheep flocks from four different counties of southern norway. the presence and nature of the anaplasma species were identified by microscopic detection of morulae, pcr, reverse line blot hybridization, and 16s rrna gene sequencing. a. phagocytophila was identified in all of the samples, and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene revealed the presence of four variants of a. phagocytophila. two of these varia ... | 2002 | 12202552 |
| simultaneous detection of anaplasma marginale and a new ehrlichia species closely related to ehrlichia chaffeensis by sequence analyses of 16s ribosomal dna in boophilus microplus ticks from tibet. | to identify ehrlichial agents in boophilus microplus ticks, dna samples of b. microplus collected from the tibet autonomous region and sichuan province of china were screened by a nested pcr. sixteen of 43 (37%) dna samples of b. microplus from tibet were positive in nested pcr analysis. all 27 samples from sichuan were negative. the screen identified two ehrlichial agents based on different 16s rrna genes that were found after amplifying and sequencing the 5'-end fragments of the 16s rrna genes ... | 2002 | 12202567 |
| cytokine gene expression by peripheral blood leukocytes in horses experimentally infected with anaplasma phagocytophila. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), a tick-borne zoonosis, is caused by an obligatory intragranulocytic bacterium, the hge agent, a strain of anaplasma phagocytophila. the equine model of hge is considered valuable in understanding pathogenic and immune mechanisms of hge. in the present study, cytokine mrna expression by peripheral blood leukocytes (pbls) in horses was examined during the course of infection by intravenous inoculation of a. phagocytophila or by allowing feeding by infected ti ... | 2002 | 12204963 |
| determination of the nucleotide sequences of heat shock operon groesl and the citrate synthase gene (glta) of anaplasma (ehrlichia) platys for phylogenetic and diagnostic studies. | the 1,670-bp nucleotide sequence of the heat shock operon groesl and the 1,236-bp sequence of the citrate synthase gene (glta) of anaplasma (ehrlichia) platys were determined. the topology of the groel- and glta-based phylogenetic tree was similar to that derived from 16s rrna gene analyses with distances. both groesl- and glta-based pcrs specific to a. platys were also developed based upon the alignment data. | 2002 | 12204973 |
| evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of a mycoplasma haemomuris-specific polymerase chain reaction test. | mycoplasma haemomuris, a small pleomorphic bacterium parasitic of red blood cells, often causes chronic and subclinical infection of rodents. mycoplasma haemomuris is uncultivable, and a serologic testing method is not readily available. the purpose of the study reported here was to develop a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for detection of m. haemomuris in blood samples. | 2002 | 12211273 |
| characterization of the rrna genes of ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophila. | the rrna genes of ehrlichia chaffeensis and anaplasma phagocytophila have been analyzed. the 16s rrna genes were previously characterized for both of these agents. southern hybridization was used to show that there are single copies of both the 16s and 23s rrna genes in the genomes of each organism, and that the 16s rrna genes were upstream from the 23s rrna genes by at least 16 and 11 kb for e. chaffeensis and a. phagocytophila, respectively. pcr amplification and gene walking was used to seque ... | 2002 | 12215262 |
| major histocompatibility complex class ii dr-restricted memory cd4(+) t lymphocytes recognize conserved immunodominant epitopes of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 1a. | native major surface protein 1 (msp1) of anaplasma marginale, composed of covalently associated msp1a and msp1b proteins, stimulates protective immunity in cattle against homologous and heterologous strain challenge. protective immunity against pathogens in the family anaplasmataceae involves both cd4(+) t cells and neutralizing immunoglobulin g. thus, an effective vaccine should contain both cd4(+) t- and b-lymphocyte epitopes that will elicit strong memory responses upon infection with homolog ... | 2002 | 12228278 |
| occurrence of concurrent trypanosomosis, theileriosis, anaplasmosis and helminthosis in friesian, zebu and sahiwal cattle in uganda. | an epidemiological investigation was conducted on farms in tororo and soroti districts of uganda from january to february 2000 to determine the cause of reported persistent mortality of cattle. blood and faecal material of 98 cattle comprising of 33 friesians, 58 zebu and 7 sahiwal were examined. results revealed that seven (7.1 %) cattle had trypanosome infection, mainly due to trypanosoma vivax and t. brucei, 17 (17.3%) fasciola infection, 28 (28.6%) gastrointestinal nematode infection, 33 (33 ... | 2002 | 12233999 |
| simultaneous detection of anaplasma and ehrlichia species in ruminants and detection of ehrlichia ruminantium in amblyomma variegatum ticks by reverse line blot hybridization. | the detection of anaplasma and ehrlichia species is usually based on species-specific pcr assays, since no assay is yet available which can detect and identify these species simultaneously. to this end, we developed a reverse line blot (rlb) assay for simultaneous detection and identification of anaplasma and ehrlichia species in domestic ruminants and ticks. in a pcr the hypervariable v1 region of the 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene was amplified with a set of primers unique for members of the ge ... | 2002 | 12243899 |
| vaccination of cattle with anaplasma marginale derived from tick cell culture and bovine erythrocytes followed by challenge-exposure with infected ticks. | anaplasmosis, a hemolytic disease of cattle caused by the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) has been controlled using killed vaccines made with antigen harvested from infected bovine erythrocytes. we recently developed a cell culture system for propagation of a. marginale in a continuous tick cell line. in this study, we performed a cattle trial to compare the bovine response to vaccination with a. marginale harvested from tick cell culture or bovine erythr ... | 2002 | 12243900 |
| dna-encoded fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 ligand and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor increase dendritic cell recruitment to the inoculation site and enhance antigen-specific cd4+ t cell responses induced by dna vaccination of outbred animals. | dna-based immunization is a contemporary strategy for developing vaccines to prevent infectious diseases in animals and humans. translating the efficacy of dna immunization demonstrated in murine models to the animal species that represent the actual populations to be protected remains a significant challenge. we tested two hypotheses directed at enhancing dna vaccine efficacy in outbred animals. the first hypothesis, that dna-encoding fetal liver tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (flt3l) and gm-csf incr ... | 2002 | 12244180 |
| cultivation of an ovine strain of ehrlichia phagocytophila in tick cell cultures. | ehrlichia phagocytophila (previously known as cytoecetes phagocytophila) which causes tick-borne fever (tbf) in sheep and pasture fever in cattle in the uk and mainland europe is transmitted by the temperate hard tick ixodes ricinus. the disease in sheep is characterized by fever, leucopenia and immunosuppression. studies on the pathogenesis and other aspects of the disease have been hampered because the organism has not been cultivated in continuous or primary cell culture systems. this paper d ... | 2002 | 12354525 |
| activation of a p44 pseudogene in anaplasma phagocytophila by bacterial rna splicing: a novel mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of a multigene family encoding immunodominant major outer membrane proteins. | immunodominant 44 kda major outer membrane proteins of anaplasma phagocytophila (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) are encoded by the p44 multigene family. one of the paralogues, p44-18 is predominantly expressed by a. phagocytophila in mammalian hosts, but is downregulated in the arthropod vector. the expression of p44-18 was upregulated in a. phagocytophila cultivated in hl-60 cells at 37 degrees c compared with 24 degrees c. however, the molecular mechanism of such gene expression was un ... | 2002 | 12366837 |
| expression of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 operon-associated proteins during mammalian and arthropod infection. | the antigenically variant major surface protein 2 (msp2) of anaplasma marginale is expressed from a 3.5-kb operon that contains, in a 5'-to-3' direction, four open reading frames, opag3, opag2, opag1, and msp2. this operon structure was shown to be conserved among genotypically and phenotypically distinct a. marginale, a. ovis, and a. centrale strains. the individual opag amino acid sequences are highly conserved among a. marginale strains, with identities ranging from 95 to 99%. opag2 and opag3 ... | 2002 | 12379676 |
| tick-borne diseases (tbds) of dairy cows in a mediterranean environment: a clinical, serological, and hematological study. | a longitudinal study of tick-borne diseases (tbds) in southern italy was carried out by monitoring two dairy farms (a and b) located in the apulia region. on each farm ten calves and ten heifers were observed monthly from may 1999 to february 2001 for clinical signs and blood parameters; antibodies against babesia bigemina and anaplasma marginale using an elisa test were also monitored for the first eight months of the study. totals of 28 and 14 cases of tbds were observed in the complete herds ... | 2002 | 12381611 |
| the mouse as a model for investigation of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis: current knowledge and future directions. | the use of laboratory mice to investigate correlates of infectious disease, including infection kinetics, cellular alterations, cytokine profiles, and immune response in the context of an intact host has expanded exponentially in the last decade. a marked increase in the availability of transgenic mice and research tools developed specifically for the mouse parallels and enhances this research. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is an emerging, zoonotic disease caused by tick-borne bacteria. ... | 2002 | 12405632 |
| epidemiological, clinical and laboratory distinction between human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and the initial phase of tick-borne encephalitis. | to establish epidemiological, clinical and laboratory differences between adult patients with proven acute human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) and patients with the initial phase of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe). | 2002 | 12422617 |
| infection with anaplasma phagocytophila in cervids from slovenia: evidence of two genotypic lineages. | human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) was recently recognized as an emerging tick-borne infection in europe. the disease is caused by anaplasma (previously ehrlichia) phagocytophila. the first confirmed acute human disease caused by a. phagocytophila was reported from slovenia in 1998. the tick ixodes ricinus was identified as the likely vector for this pathogen of humans and animals in europe. in order to assess the possibility that roe and red deer in slovenia serve as potential reservoir host ... | 2002 | 12422618 |
| demonstration of anaplasma (ehrlichia) platys inclusions in peripheral blood platelets of a dog in japan. | a free-roaming dog in okinawa island showed anaplasma (ehrlichia) platys-like inclusions within the platelets of peripheral blood samples. the inclusions were positive in indirect fluorescence test with anti-a. phagocytophila serum. the platelet count of the dog was 170,000 microl(-1). the sequence analysis of the 16s rrna, citrate synthase and heat shock protein genes of dna from the infected platelets confirmed that the inclusions were a. platys. this is the first detection of a. platys inclus ... | 2002 | 12446100 |
| expression of major surface protein 2 variants with conserved t-cell epitopes in anaplasma centrale vaccinates. | major surface protein 2 (msp-2), identified as a protection-inducing immunogen against anaplasma marginale challenge, is an immunodominant outer membrane protein with orthologues in all examined anaplasma species. although immunization with live anaplasma centrale has long been used to induce protection against acute disease upon challenge with virulent a. marginale, its msp-2 structure and whether msp-2 variants are generated during persistence of the vaccine strain was unknown. in this study, ... | 2002 | 11796593 |
| characterisation of the 33kda piroplasm surface antigen of theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli isolates from west java, indonesia. | the immunodominant 33/35kda antigen of a theileria isolate from west java, indonesia, was characterised and immuno-affinity purified by use of a monoclonal antibody, kul-a4, and was shown to be representative of the t. orientalis/sergenti/buffeli group. the aminoterminal sequence of the purified 35kda peptide (20 residues) was determined by automated edman degradation and found to correspond to the predicted amino acid sequence of a prospective p33 gene previously sequenced from the same isolate ... | 2002 | 11809330 |
| conservation of major surface protein 1 genes of anaplasma marginale during cyclic transmission between ticks and cattle. | bovine anaplasmosis is a rickettsial disease of world-wide economic importance caused by anaplasma marginale. several major surface proteins with conserved gene sequences have been examined as potential candidates for vaccines and/or diagnostic assays. major surface protein 1 (msp1) is composed of polypeptides msp1a and msp1b. msp1a is expressed from the single copy gene msp1 alpha and msp1b is expressed by members of the msp1 beta multigene family. in order to determine if the msp1 genes are co ... | 2002 | 11814681 |
| repression of rac2 mrna expression by anaplasma phagocytophila is essential to the inhibition of superoxide production and bacterial proliferation. | anaplasma phagocytophila, the etiologic agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, is an emerging bacterial pathogen that invades neutrophils and can be cultivated in hl-60 cells. infected neutrophils and hl-60 cells fail to produce superoxide anion (o(2)(-)), which is partially attributable to the fact that a. phagocytophila inhibits transcription of gp91(phox), an integral component of nadph oxidase. cdna microarray and rt-pcr analyses demonstrated that transcription of the gene encoding rac2, ... | 2002 | 12471136 |
| relationship between tick bites and the seroprevalence of babesia microti and anaplasma phagocytophila (previously ehrlichia sp.) in blood donors. | tick-borne diseases, particularly babesiosis and ehrlichiosis, represent recently emerging infections. despite an increased recognition of the threat tick-borne agents pose to blood safety, our understanding of the prevalence and transmissibility of these agents in blood donors is limited. | 2002 | 12473139 |
| elimination of erythrocytes from blood prior to dna extraction improves the sensitivity of anaplasma phagocytophila pcr. | 2002 | 12477341 | |
| [comparison of extraction methods for detection of ehrlichia dna in whole blood using pcr]. | the author compared nine methods for isolation of specific dna of the etiological agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis from human blood for examination of the pcr. to full blood of healthy donors a laboratory culture of the agent was added and the effectiveness of isolation an stability of the template was tested under conditions when the blood was fresh or frozen. for universal use qiaamp (qiagen) was most suitable, frozen blood was extracted best using nucleospin tissue (macherey-nagel). | 2002 | 12532899 |
| specific expression of anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 salivary gland variants occurs in the midgut and is an early event during tick transmission. | infectivity of anaplasma spp. develops when infected ticks feed on a mammalian host (transmission feed). specific anaplasma marginale major surface protein 2 (msp2) variants are selected for within the tick and are expressed within the salivary glands. the aims of this study were to determine when and where msp2 variant selection occurs in the tick, how msp2 expression is regulated in salivary glands of transmission-feeding ticks, and whether the number of a. marginale organisms per salivary gla ... | 2002 | 11748171 |
| mapping antigenic sites of an immunodominant surface lipoprotein of mycoplasma agalactiae, avgc, with the use of synthetic peptides. | as a first step toward the design of an epitope vaccine to prevent contagious agalactia, the strongly immunogenic 55-kda protein of mycoplasma agalactiae was studied and found to correspond to the avgc protein encoded by the avgc gene. the avg genes of m. agalactiae, which encode four variable surface lipoproteins, display a significant homology to the vsp (variable membrane surface lipoproteins) genes of the bovine pathogen mycoplasma bovis at their promoter region as well as their n-terminus-e ... | 2002 | 11748179 |
| human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in europe. | ehrlichiosis comprises a group of emerging tick-borne infectious diseases caused by obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria that infect leukocytes. infections caused by members of the genus ehrlichia have been described in animals and humans, but to date there are no convincing reports of the presence of other types of human ehrlichiosis different from human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) in europe. the european vector is the same as that of lyme borreliosis, the hard tick ixodes ricinus, ... | 2002 | 12519349 |
| comparison of the reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals and peromyscus leucopus for anaplasma phagocytophilum in connecticut. | in the northeastern united states, anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge), is transmitted by the tick vector ixodes scapularis. the white-footed mouse peromyscus leucopus is a competent reservoir for this agent, but the reservoir competence of non-peromyscus hosts of i. scapularis has not been studied. here, we report data confirming reservoir competence of medium-sized mammals for a. phagocytophilum. raccoons, virginia opossums, gray squirrels, and striped ... | 2002 | 12737542 |
| adaptations of the tick-borne pathogen, anaplasma marginale, for survival in cattle and ticks. | the tick-borne cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) multiplies within membrane-bound inclusions in host cell cytoplasm. many geographic isolates of a. marginale occur that vary in genotype, antigenic composition, morphology and infectivity for ticks. a tick cell culture system for propagation of a. marginale proved to be a good model for study of tick-pathogen interactions. six major surface proteins (msps) identified on a. marginale from bovine erythrocytes were ... | 2002 | 14570114 |
| a review of studies on the transmission of anaplasma phagocytophilum from sheep: implications for the force of infection in endemic cycles. | we review the findings of a longitudinal study of transmission of the intracellular tick-borne bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum from sheep to ixodes ricinus ticks under natural conditions of tick attachment in the uk. in this study, sheep-to-tick transmission efficiency varied in a quadratic relationship with the number of adult ticks that were feeding on the sheep. we raise the hypothesis that this relationship may be due to conflicting effects of the density of ticks on bacterial survival a ... | 2002 | 14570131 |
| sodium valproate facilitates the propagation of granulocytic ehrlichiae (anaplasma phagocytophilum) in hl-60 cells. | as already shown, some inducers of the differentiation of promyelocytic cells along the granulocytic pathway, such as dimethylsulphoxide (dmso) or all-trans retinoic acid, can enhance propagation of granulocytic ehrlichiae in hl-60 cell cultures. this study was conducted to prove whether sodium valproate, a salt of di-n-propylacetic acid (vpa) known to trigger cellular differentiation in several solid and hematopoietic malignancies is similarly efficient in ehrlichial cultures. two cell lines de ... | 2002 | 14570132 |
| reduced weight gain due to subclinical anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) infection. | tick-borne fever (tbf) is caused by the rickettsia anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) and is a common disease in sheep in areas of norway infested by ixodes ricinus ticks. tbf can cause both direct and indirect losses to sheep kept on tick-infested pastures. in the present work we studied a sheep flock of 26 ewes and 50 lambs on pasture from may until september. no cases of tbf had earlier been observed on this pasture. blood samples from lambs with a reduced weekly we ... | 2002 | 14570133 |
| ticks and tick-borne diseases of livestock belonging to resource-poor farmers in the eastern free state of south africa. | the paper provides a summary of three studies conducted in the eastern free state of south africa between 1998 and 2000. in a questionnaire-based study approximately 21% of interviewed resource-poor farmers (n = 150) indicated that they experienced problems with ticks and tick-borne diseases. about 56% of farmers indicated that tick-related problems were most severe in summer, while 32% indicated that the most problems were encountered in winter. about 12% indicated that the tick problems were e ... | 2002 | 14570134 |
| simultaneous variation of the immunodominant outer membrane proteins, msp2 and msp3, during anaplasma marginale persistence in vivo. | vector-borne bacterial pathogens persist in the mammalian host by varying surface antigens to evade the existing immune response. to test whether the model of surface coat switching and immune evasion can be extended to a vector-borne bacterial pathogen with multiple immunodominant surface proteins, we examined anaplasma marginale, a rickettsia with two highly immunogenic outer membrane proteins, major surface protein 2 (msp2) and msp3. the simultaneous clearance of variants of the two most immu ... | 2003 | 14573687 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum major surface protein-2 (msp2) forms multimeric complexes in the bacterial membrane. | anaplasma phagocytophilum 44-kda major surface protein-2 (msp2) mediates partial neutrophil adhesion and interactions. since a. phagocytophilum 44-kda monoclonal antibodies also react with 160- and 100-kda bands, a putative adhesin complex was studied. after separate excision/immunoprecipitation of these three bands, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) resolved each into three bands again with increased 44-kda protein under reducing conditions suggesting oligomer ... | 2003 | 14592715 |
| high diversity of anka sequences of anaplasma phagocytophilum among ixodes ricinus ticks in germany. | in germany humans with acute granulocytic ehrlichiosis have not yet been described. here, we characterized three different genes of anaplasma phagocytophilum strains infecting german ixodes ricinus ticks in order to test whether they differ from strains in other european countries and the united states. a total of 1,022 i. ricinus ticks were investigated for infection with a. phagocytophilum by nested pcr and sequence analysis. forty-two (4.1%) ticks were infected. for all positive ticks, parts ... | 2003 | 14605135 |
| molecular characterization of aegyptianella pullorum (rickettsiales, anaplasmataceae). | we sequenced the 16s rrna and groel genes of aegyptianella pullorum, a small bacterium that infects and replicates only in avian red blood cells. a specific pcr test was developed to analyze a. pullorum dna. phylogenic analysis revealed a. pullorum is most closely related to anaplasma spp. | 2003 | 14605188 |
| isolation of bartonella washoensis from a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. | we report the first documented case of bartonella washoensis bacteremia in a dog with mitral valve endocarditis. b. washoensis was isolated in 1995 from a human patient with cardiac disease. the main reservoir species appears to be ground squirrels (spermophilus beecheyi) in the western united states. based on echocardiographic findings, a diagnosis of infective vegetative valvular mitral endocarditis was made in a spayed 12-year-old female doberman pinscher. a year prior to presentation, the re ... | 2003 | 14605197 |
| detection of antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis antigens in sera of korean patients by western immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence assays. | two hundred seventy one serum samples from south korean patients were tested to detect antibodies against anaplasma phagocytophilum (the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent) and ehrlichia chaffeensis (the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent) by indirect fluorescent-antibody assay (ifa) and the western blot assay. these sera were collected from patients with symptoms of high fever. the rate of seropositivity for orientia tsutsugamushi was 50.9% by ifa at the public health & environmental researc ... | 2003 | 14607867 |
| cat or dog ownership and seroprevalence of ehrlichiosis, q fever, and cat-scratch disease. | 2003 | 14609477 | |
| first evidence of anaplasma platys in rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodida) collected from dogs in africa. | a total of 27 ticks, comprising rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (n = 21), haemaphysalis leachi (andouin) (n = 4) and haemaphysalis paraleachi (camicas, hoogstraal & el kammah) (n = 2) were recovered from two clinically healthy female dogs in the democratic republic of the congo. dna of anaplasma platys was detected in a female r. sanguineus, using primers derived from the 16s rrna gene, which amplify members of the family anaplasmataceae . anaplasma platys dna was also detected in the blood ... | 2003 | 14621316 |
| divergent interactions of ehrlichia chaffeensis- and anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected leukocytes with endothelial cell barriers. | human anaplasmosis (formerly human granulocytic ehrlichiosis) and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) are emerging tick-borne infections caused by obligate intracellular bacteria in the family anaplasmataceae. clinical findings include fever, headache, myalgia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hepatic inflammatory injury. whereas ehrlichia chaffeensis (hme) often causes meningoencephalitis, this is rare with anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. the abilities of infected primary host monocytes an ... | 2003 | 14638757 |
| inability of a variant strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum to infect mice. | nymphal ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from several sites in rhode island. polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing were used to determine the presence and prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum human agent (ap-ha) and a genetic variant not associated with human disease (ap-variant 1). the remaining ticks from each cohort were allowed to feed to repletion on either white-footed (peromyscus leucopus) or dba/2 (mus musculus) mice. the engorged ticks and murine blood samples were evalu ... | 2003 | 14639548 |
| assessment of a low virulence australian isolate of anaplasma marginale for pathogenicity, immunogenicity and transmissibility by boophilus microplus. | a 14-year-old cow (dawn) born and kept in a boophilus microplus-free region gave birth to a calf, which showed the presence of an anaplasma marginale infection after splenectomy. the calf's grand dam was from a b. microplus infected area and we assume the infection originated via the transplacental route over two generations. an isolate, prepared from the calf, had similar or lower pathogenicity as anaplasma centrale, and previously exposed steers were resistant to challenge by four a. marginale ... | 2003 | 14651881 |
| culture and phenotypic characterization of a wolbachia pipientis isolate. | the recent isolation of wolbachia pipientis in the continuous cell line aa23, established from eggs of a strain of the asian tiger mosquito aedes albopictus, allowed us to perform extensive characterization of the isolate. bacterial growth could be obtained in c6/36, another a. albopictus cell line, at 28 degrees c and in a human embryonic lung fibroblast monolayer at 28 and 37 degrees c, confirming that its host cell range is broader than was initially thought. the bacteria were best visualized ... | 2003 | 14662922 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma platys in dogs using polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization. | several polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) and a reverse line blot hybridization (rlb) method were used to identify anaplasma platys in dogs held in a kennel in italy. whereas pcr techniques confirmed the presence of a. platys, the rlb method not only correlated the results obtained by pcr but also ruled out the presence of other species such as ehrlichia canis or e. chaffeensis. there was no correlation between infection status and age or breed of the dogs. polymerase chain reaction performed on ... | 2003 | 14667015 |
| a case of equine granulocytic ehrlichiosis provides molecular evidence for the presence of pathogenic anaplasma phagocytophilum (hge agent) in germany. | based on seroprevalence studies and tick infection rates, tick-borne human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) is thought to occur in germany, but to date no clinical case has been detected. reported here are the first ehrlichial sequences derived from a german horse that fell ill with granulocytic ehrlichiosis. the analysis of three different genes (16s rrna gene, groesl, and anka) revealed up to 100% identity with ehrlichial sequences derived from patients with hge in other countries or from infec ... | 2003 | 12740667 |
| first documented case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in austria. | we report the first documented case of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (hge) in austria. the infection was acquired near arzl in the surroundings of innsbruck in northern tyrol. except for a biphasic course of illness, presentation in this 33-year-old female patient was comparable to clinical findings observed in other european adults with high fever, transient thrombocytopenia, elevated levels of crp and ldh, arthralgias, myalgias, fatigue and subfebrile temperature. flu-like symptoms started a ... | 2003 | 12778780 |
| prevalence of four species of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and coinfection with anaplasma phagocytophila in ixodes ricinus ticks in central germany. | a total of 305 ixodes ricinus ticks collected from three areas of thuringia in central germany were investigated for infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species and anaplasma phagocytophila. overall, 11.1% were infected with borrelia burgdorferi and 2.3% with anaplasma phagocytophila. adult ticks showed a significantly higher rate of infection with both borreliae and anaplasma phagocytophila. borrelia garinii (55.9%) was detected most frequently, followed by borrelia burgdorferi sensu ... | 2003 | 12783276 |
| characterization of the ftsz gene from ehrlichia chaffeensis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and rickettsia rickettsii, and use as a differential pcr target. | degenerate primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of previously characterized ftsz genes were used to pcr amplify a portion of the ftsz gene from the genomic dna of ehrlichia chaffeensis (ftsz(ech)), anaplasma phagocytophilum (ftsz(ap)), and rickettsia rickettsii (ftsz(rr)). genome walking was then used to amplify the 5' and 3' termini of the genes. the dna sequences of the resulting amplification products yielded open reading frames coding for proteins with molecular masses of 42.0, ... | 2003 | 12804116 |
| infection exclusion of the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale in the tick vector dermacentor variabilis. | anaplasma marginale is a tick-borne, rickettsial cattle pathogen that is endemic in several areas of the united states. recent studies (j. de la fuente, j. c. garcia-garcia, e. f. blouin, j. t. saliki, and k. m. kocan, clin. diagn. lab. immunol. 9:658-668, 2002) demonstrated that infection of cultured tick cells and bovine erythrocytes with one genotype of a. marginale excluded infection with other genotypes, a phenomenon referred to as infection exclusion. the present study was undertaken to co ... | 2003 | 12522060 |