Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| bacterial strains isolated from eggs and their resistance to currently used antibiotics: is there a health hazard for consumers? | in order to study the putative transfer of antibiotic resistance from poultry to humans, hens' eggs were examined for the presence of various pathogens. staphylococcus, enterobacter, escherichia, proteus and pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently isolated genera. sensitivity tests, performed with the kirby-bauer technique, showed the presence of resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (to penicillin-g, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefalosporins, oxacillin, gentamycin, chloramph ... | 1997 | 9023039 |
| the crystal structure of citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase complexed with 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, together with site-directed mutagenesis and kinetic analysis, demonstrates that arginine 381 is required for substrate specificity. | the x-ray structure of tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) complexed with a substrate analog, 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, shows that arg 381 is located in the substrate binding site, with the side-chain nh1 4.1 a from the 4'-oh of the analog. the structure has been deduced at 2.5 a resolution using crystals that belong to the p2(1)2(1)2 space group with a = 135.07 a, b = 143.91 a, and c = 59.80 a. to evaluate the role of arg 381 in tpl catalysis, we prepared mutant proteins replacing arginine wi ... | 1997 | 9174368 |
| citrobacter freundii and fatal neutropenic enterocolitis following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. | 1997 | 9209673 | |
| reservoirs of nosocomial pathogens in neonatal intensive care unit. | a total of 256 swabs taken from different areas of neonatal intensive care units (icu) in kcg hospital and amc hospital, bangalore were bacteriologically investigated for prevalence, source and spread of nosocomial bacteria. culture studies revealed growth in 217 (84.8%) swab samples indicating considerable contamination of different areas of the units and sources of infection. klebsiella pneumoniae (27.3%) was the predominant organism followed by esch coli (16.8%), staph aureus (11.7%), staph e ... | 1997 | 9212573 |
| in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin against sensitive and resistant aerobic bacteria using the standard microdilution broth method and etest. | a comparison of mics of trovafloxacin (cp-99,219) determined by the standard microdilution broth method versus the etest was performed for multiple strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. a comparison was also made of the in-vitro activity of trovafloxacin versus ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. the mic50 and mic90 were determined by both methods for each species tested. the etest resulted in mics one to two dilutions higher than the microdilution broth method. trovafloxacin was the mos ... | 1997 | 9222068 |
| binding of monoclonal antibody 4b1 to homologs of the lactose permease of escherichia coli. | the conformationally sensitive epitope for monoclonal antibody (mab) 4b1, which uncouples lactose from h+ translocation in the lactose permease of escherichia coli, is localized in the periplasmic loop between helices vii and viii (loop vii/viii) on one face of a short helical segment (sun j, et al., 1996, biochemistry 35;990-998). comparison of sequences in the region corresponding to loop vii/viii in members of cluster 5 of the major facilitator superfamily (mfs), which includes five homologou ... | 1997 | 9232651 |
| sensitivity to ph, product inhibition, and inhibition by nad+ of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase purified from enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210. | because of its key role in the metabolism of glycerol during fermentation, 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.202) of enterobacter agglomerans cncm 1210 was purified to homogeneity and studied with respect to its sensitivity to ph and to nucleotide and 1,3-propanediol concentrations. enzyme activity was optimal at ph 7.8. the enzyme was competitively inhibited by nad+ (ki of 0.29 mm), and 1,3-propanediol exerted a strong inhibitory effect according to a mixed-type inhibition with a ki of 13 ... | 1997 | 9238108 |
| [new data on the specificity and genetic control of the capsular antigen (f1) in yersinia pestis]. | the specific features of the synthesis of antigenic fractions f1, obtained from the strains of different species of enterobacteria and their hybrids inheriting y. pestis plasmid pyt, were determined at different cultivation temperatures and the preparations of these antigenic fractions were characterized. preparations containing the diagnostic antigenic determinant f1 were obtained from disintegrated bacteria of y. pestis plasmid-free strain and microbial cells of klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobac ... | 1997 | 9245136 |
| citrobacter freundii and fatal neutropenic enterocolitis following adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. | neutropenic enterocolitis is increasingly being recognized as a life-threatening complication of chemotherapy, mainly for haematological and lymphoproliferative malignancies. it is under-recognized clinically, with the diagnosis often being made on post-mortem examination. although active medical management is generally preferred, surgical intervention may be indicated. we report a case of fatal neutropenic enterocolitis, secondary to citrobacter freundii, following adjuvant chemotherapy for bre ... | 1997 | 9269550 |
| the tpl promoter of citrobacter freundii is activated by the tyrr protein. | the ability of microorganisms to degrade l-tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate, and ammonia is catalyzed by the inducible enzyme l-tyrosine phenol lyase (ec 4.1.99.2). to investigate possible mechanisms for how the synthesis of this enzyme is regulated, a variety of biochemical and genetic procedures was used to analyze transcription from the tpl promoter of citrobacter freundii atcc 29063 (c. braakii). by computer analysis of the region upstream of the tpl structural gene, two segments of dna bearing ... | 1997 | 9294452 |
| glycerol conversion to 1,3-propanediol by clostridium pasteurianum: cloning and expression of the gene encoding 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. | when grown on glycerol as sole carbon and energy source, cell extracts of clostridium pasteurianum exhibited activities of glycerol dehydrogenase, dihydroxyacetone kinase, glycerol dehydratase and 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase. the genes encoding the latter two enzymes were cloned by colony hybridization using the dhat gene of citrobacter freundii as a heterologous dna probe and expressed in escherichia coli. the native molecular mass of 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase (dhat) is 440,000 da. the dh ... | 1997 | 9311132 |
| mutations in the gyra and parc genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii. | we determined partial sequences of the gyra and parc genes of citrobacter freundii type strain, and then examined 38 c. freundii clinical strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections for the association of alterations in gyra and parc with susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. our results suggest that in c. freundii dna gyrase may be a primary target of quinolones, that an amino acid change at thr-83 or asp-87 in gyra is sufficient to decrease susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, an ... | 1997 | 9311142 |
| distribution of a sub-class of bacterial abc polar amino acid transporter and identification of an n-terminal region involved in solute specificity. | a new sub-class of binding protein-dependent transporter with specificity for a broad range of polar amino acids has been identified by sequence comparison, in rhizobium leguminosarum, rhodobacter capsulatus, escherichia coli and pseudomonas fluorescens. southern blotting and pcr analysis has shown that transporters from this new sub-class are widely distributed in gram-negative bacteria, including, in addition to the above, citrobacter freundii, erwinia carotovorum and rhizobium meliloti. abc t ... | 1997 | 9315727 |
| inducible amp c beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli from blood stream infections: frequency, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology in a national surveillance program (scope). | a surveillance study of nosocomial blood stream infections [surveillance and control of pathogens of epidemiologic importance (scope)] was conducted during a 14-month period in 1995 to 1996 in approximately 50 american medical centers. among the 4725 blood stream infections, the etiologic agent was enterobacter spp. in 230, citrobacter freundii in 24, and serratia marcescens in 65. the vast majority of these isolates (89%) had been sent to the university of iowa including 198 enterobacter spp. ( ... | 1997 | 9327251 |
| mechanism of suppression of piperacillin resistance in enterobacteria by tazobactam. | resistance to piperacillin in several isolates of citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae was investigated and confirmed to occur at a frequency of 10(-7) to 10(-6). development of resistance to piperacillin was significantly suppressed by tazobactam but not by clavulanic acid. to elucidate the mechanism by which resistance suppression occurs, the effect of piperacillin plus tazobactam on the induction of ampc beta-lactamase was analyzed by monitoring the beta-galactosidase activity of an ... | 1997 | 9333044 |
| propanediol utilization genes (pdu) of salmonella typhimurium: three genes for the propanediol dehydratase. | the propanediol utilization (pdu) operon of salmonella typhimurium encodes proteins required for the catabolism of propanediol, including a coenzyme b12-dependent propanediol dehydratase. a clone that expresses propanediol dehydratase activity was isolated from a salmonella genomic library. dna sequence analysis showed that the clone included part of the pduf gene, the pduabcde genes, and a long partial open reading frame (orf1). the clone included 3.9 kbp of pdu dna which had not been previousl ... | 1997 | 9352910 |
| carbapenem resistance in a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii. | carbapenem resistance was studied in two sets of citrobacter freundii strains: (i) strain cfr950, resistant to imipenem (mic, 16 microg/ml) and isolated in vivo during imipenem therapy, and strain cfr950-rev, the spontaneous, imipenem-susceptible revertant of cfr950 selected in vitro, and (ii) strains cfr801 and cfr802, two imipenem-resistant mutants selected in vitro from the susceptible clinical isolate cfr800. in all strains, whether they were imipenem-susceptible or -resistant strains, produ ... | 1997 | 9371332 |
| cloning and characterization of an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase gene from citrobacter freundii which confers an altered resistance profile. | a novel gene encoding a 6'-n-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, aac(6')-in, has been cloned and sequenced from citrobacter freundii 13996-19, a clinical isolate from venezuela. this gene mediates resistance to amikacin, 2'-n-ethylnetilmicin, isepamicin, kanamycin, netilmicin, and tobramycin. the aac(6')-in gene is 573 nucleotides in length and encodes a putative protein of 190 amino acids. aac(6')-in is most closely related to aac(6')-im and aac(6')-ie, demonstrating 64.4% and 62.3% similarity, r ... | 1997 | 9371347 |
| production of escherichia coli group i-like heat-labile enterotoxin by enterobacteriaceae isolated from environmental water. | strains of klebsiella oxytoca (2), citrobacter freundii (2), enterobacter cloacae (1) and escherichia coli (1) isolated from environmental water were identified as heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) producing strains by immunological methods and polymerase chain amplification. a 322 bp amplified fragment was obtained with specific primers ltr and ltl, and hybridized to a digoxigenin-labelled ltb probe only under low stringency conditions, and not with a cholera toxin probe. these results suggest that ... | 1997 | 9418038 |
| comparison of viab regions of vi-positive organisms. | we cloned the vipr genes from salmonella paratyphi c, s. dublin, and citrobacter freundii strains and compared them with the s. typhi sequence to clarify the genetic relationship of the viab regions of vi-positive organisms. viab regions were divided into two groups based on their sequences, the salmonella and c. freundii groups. the vipr coding sequences of the salmonella group were identical. southern blot hybridization results using the full-length viab region as a probe support these finding ... | 1997 | 9418239 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-834, a novel oral carbapenem. | cs-834 is a novel oral carbapenem antibiotic. this compound is an ester-type prodrug of the active metabolite r-95867. the antibacterial activity of r-95867 was tested against 1,323 clinical isolates of 35 species and was compared with those of oral cephems, i.e., cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, and cefditoren, and that of a parenteral carbapenem, imipenem. r-95867 exhibited a broad spectrum of activity covering both gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes. its activity was superior t ... | 1997 | 9420035 |
| multicenter evaluation of antimicrobial resistance to six broad-spectrum beta-lactams in colombia using the etest method. the colombian antimicrobial resistance study group. | the need for comprehensive and quantitative accurate antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems has become acute as a guide to problem recognition and to focus local interventions. a multilaboratory (10 medical centers) colombia surveillance project was initiated in early 1997 to monitor the potency and spectrum of six (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, aztreonam, and imipenem) broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents tested against 100 organisms per participant center (80 ... | 1997 | 9458984 |
| [the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran against clinically isolated bacteria]. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of cefozopran (czop) against recent clinical isolates was evaluated and compared with those of ceftazidime (caz), cefpirome (cpr), cefepime (cfpm), cefotaxime (ctx), sulbactam/cefoperazone (s/c), imipenem (ipm), oxacillin (mpipc), and flomoxef (fmox). mic80 values of czop for methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa, n = 41), methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa, n = 57), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 45), enterococus faecalis (n = 49), ... | 1997 | 9545668 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1995). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 704 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 11 hospitals during the period of june 1995 to may 1996. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 29.8% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.2% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptibilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1997 | 9575353 |
| cq-397 and cq-414: antimicrobial activity and spectrum of two fluoroquinolone---cephalosporin, dual-action compounds with carboxamido bonds. | objective: to evaluate the potential spectrum of activity of two novel dual-action compounds with carboxamido bonds (cq-397 and cq-414; laboratorios aranda, san rafael, mexico) against human pathogens. methods: approximately 800 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic clinical bacteria were tested in vitro using the mueller-hinton broth microdilution method of the national committee of clinical laboratory standards. results: cq-397 (cefamandole+enrofloxacin) and cq-414 (cefamandole+norfloxacin) ... | 1997 | 11864130 |
| beta-lactamases: quantity and resistance. | rates of enzyme-mediated catalysis are proportional to enzyme quantity, so increasing the amount of beta-lactamase should increase resistance. kinetic considerations support this argument for both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. direct relationships between resistance and enzyme quantity are most obvious with constitutive beta-lactamases, e.g. the tem types from gram-negative bacteria. as the level of tem enzyme rises, so do the mics of substrates and the concentrations of inhibitors r ... | 1997 | 11869238 |
| study of the comparative activity of piperacillin/tazobactam with currently available antibiotics against 8206 aerobic isolates. | to compare the activity of piperacillin-tazobactam with piperacillin and other parenterally administered antibiotics against aerobic gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci isolated from across canada, and to determine the prevalence of resistance mediated by extended-spectrum cephalosporinases. | 1997 | 22514487 |
| imipenem and meropenem: comparison of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials and adverse effects. | to compare and contrast imipenem and meropenem in terms of in vitro activity, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy and adverse effects. | 1998 | 22346545 |
| two-component signal transduction as a target for microbial anti-infective therapy. | 1998 | 9660978 | |
| in vitro activities of clinafloxacin against contemporary clinical bacterial isolates from 10 north american centers. | clinafloxacin was more active than ciprofloxacin against 4,213 aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from 10 medical centers, as tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. the percentage of 201 anaerobes susceptible to clinafloxacin by broth microdilution was comparable to cefoxitin. our data support the proposed disk diffusion interpretive criteria for aerobic bacteria with 5-microg clinafloxacin disks. | 1998 | 9593166 |
| alpha/beta-t cell receptor (tcr)+cd4-cd8- (nkt) thymocytes prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in nonobese diabetic (nod)/lt mice by the influence of interleukin (il)-4 and/or il-10. | we have previously shown that nonobese diabetic (nod) mice are selectively deficient in alpha/beta-t cell receptor (tcr)+cd4-cd8- nkt cells, a defect that may contribute to their susceptibility to the spontaneous development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). the role of nkt cells in protection from iddm in nod mice was studied by the infusion of thymocyte subsets into young female nod mice. a single intravenous injection of 10(6) cd4-/lowcd8- or cd4-cd8- thymocytes from female (balb ... | 1998 | 9529321 |
| comparative study of three different bactec culture media for the detection of bacteremia in ambulatory and hospitalized children. | to compare the yield of two aerobic and an anaerobic bactec blood culture media in detecting bacteremia in ambulatory and hospitalized care settings at a children's hospital, a prospective cohort study was completed. over an 18-month period, equal blood volumes (minimum of 1 ml/bottle) were inoculated into a three-bottle culture set including aerobic bactec nr 6a, aerobic bactec peds plus and anaerobic nr 7a broths. chart reviews were completed on all children with bacteremia to determine whethe ... | 1998 | 22451773 |
| pharmacodynamic evaluation of factors associated with the development of bacterial resistance in acutely ill patients during therapy. | the selection of bacterial resistance was examined in relationship to antibiotic pharmacokinetics (pk) and organism mics in the patients from four nosocomial lower respiratory tract infection clinical trials. the evaluable database included 107 acutely ill patients, 128 pathogens, and five antimicrobial regimens. antimicrobial pharmacokinetics were characterized by using serum concentrations, and culture and sensitivity tests were performed daily on tracheal aspirates to examine resistance. phar ... | 1998 | 9517926 |
| cross-canada survey of resistance of 2747 aerobic blood culture isolates to piperacillin/tazobactam and other antibiotics. | to compare the activity of piperacillin/tazobactam with that of other broad parenteral antibiotics against aerobic and facultative anaerobic blood culture isolates in a canada-wide survey. | 1998 | 22346534 |
| tn916 family conjugative transposons and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance determinants. | 1998 | 9687377 | |
| comparison of vitek gni and gni+ cards for identification of gram-negative bacteria. | the gni+ card has been developed by biomerieux vitek as an improvement over the gni card for the identification of certain species of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. in this study, we tested 304 organisms from 30 different species on both the gni and gni+ cards. the gni card correctly identified 285 (93.8%) of the isolates tested, and the gni+ card correctly identified 287 (94.4%) of the isolates tested. the average time to reporting was 4.1 h for the gni+ card compared to 5.7 h for ... | 1998 | 9705437 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1996). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 680 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (utis) in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1996 to may 1997. of the above bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 30.4% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 69.6% and most of them were escherichia coli. susceptabilities of several isolated bacteria to anti ... | 1998 | 9575437 |
| citrobacter freundii empyema in a patient with occult pulmonary histoplasmosis. | the genus citrobacter includes three species of organisms that are uncommonly associated with human infection. when they are pathogenic, there are usually one or more associated respiratory, urinary, skin-soft tissue, and central nervous system infections and neonatal sepsis. these infections occur in the wake of significant systemic illness or complicate antibiotic usage. rarely, infection has been associated with active tuberculosis. the authors report a case of citrobacter freundii empyema in ... | 1998 | 9587088 |
| chromosomally encoded ampc-type beta-lactamase in a clinical isolate of proteus mirabilis. | a clinical strain of proteus mirabilis (cf09) isolated from urine specimens of a patient displayed resistance to amoxicillin (mic >4,096 microg/ml), ticarcillin (4,096 microg/ml), cefoxitin (64 microg/ml), cefotaxime (256 microg/ml), and ceftazidime (128 microg/ml) and required an elevated mic of aztreonam (4 microg/ml). clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins. two beta-lactamases with apparent pis of 5.6 and 9.0 were identified by isoelectric focusing on a gel. substrate ... | 1998 | 9593136 |
| interactions of beta-lactamases with sanfetrinem (gv 104326) compared to those with imipenem and with oral beta-lactams. | sanfetrinem is a trinem beta-lactam which can be administered orally as a hexatil ester. we examined whether its beta-lactamase interactions resembled those of the available carbapenems, i.e., stable to ampc and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases but labile to class b and functional group 2f enzymes. the comparator drugs were imipenem, oral cephalosporins, and amoxicillin. mics were determined for beta-lactamase expression variants, and hydrolysis was examined directly with representative enzymes ... | 1998 | 9593145 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of msi-78, a magainin analog. | msi-78 is a cationic peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is being developed as a topical agent. we compared the in vitro activity of msi-78 with those of ofloxacin and other antibiotics against fresh clinical isolates. based on mic distribution statistics, strains for which the msi-78 mic was < or = 64 micro/ml were assumed to be susceptible for purposes of this report. of 411 aerobic isolates tested, 91% were susceptible to msi-78, compared to 91% for ofloxacin and 92% for ci ... | 1998 | 9593152 |
| antibacterial activities and inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its optical isomers against type ii topoisomerases. | the in vitro inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its three stereoisomers on bacterial dna gyrase from escherichia coli, topoisomerase iv from staphylococcus aureus, and topoisomerase ii from human placenta were compared. no correlation was observed between the inhibitory activities of quinolones against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and those against human topoisomerase ii. sitafloxacin showed the most potent inhibitory activities against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and the ... | 1998 | 9593169 |
| cytochalasin-induced actin disruption of polarized enterocytes can augment internalization of bacteria. | cytochalasin-induced actin disruption has often been associated with decreased bacterial internalization by cultured epithelial cells, although polarized enterocytes have not been systematically studied. in assays using confluent polarized ht-29 enterocytes, cytochalasin d appeared to increase internalization of wild-type salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis, and escherichia coli. hela and hep-2 epithelial cells, as well as ht-29 and caco-2 enterocytes, were used to clarify this unexpected ... | 1998 | 9596696 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa lasr transcription correlates with the transcription of lasa, lasb, and toxa in chronic lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. | the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing systems in the lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis (cf) has not been examined. the purpose of this study was to determine if genes regulated by the lasr-lasi quorum-sensing system were coordinately regulated by the p. aeruginosa populations during the lung infections associated with cf. we also wanted to ascertain if there was a relationship between the expression of lasr, a transcriptional regulator, and some p. aeruginosa virulence ... | 1998 | 9596711 |
| physical limitations on salmonella typhi entry into cultured human intestinal epithelial cells. | kinetic studies of salmonella typhi invasion of int407 cells at different multiplicities of infection (mois) have revealed a strict physical limitation on s. typhi entry at mois of >/=40. staining of infected monolayers to distinguish intracellular from extracellular bacteria revealed that all monolayer cells are susceptible to infection and that internalized bacteria are typically contained in one to three separate clusters per cell during the first 60 min. scanning and transmission electron mi ... | 1998 | 9596769 |
| proliferative enterocolitis associated with dual infection with enteropathogenic escherichia coli and lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits. | both enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and an obligate intracellular bacterium, previously referred to as an intracellular campylobacter-like organism and now designated lawsonia intracellularis, have been reported as causes of enterocolitis in rabbits. an outbreak of enterocolitis in a group of rabbits, characterized by an unusually high rate of mortality, was found to be associated with dual infection with epec and l. intracellularis. the epec strain was found to have eaea gene homology ... | 1998 | 9620403 |
| a pcr specific for escherichia coli o157 based on the rfb locus encoding o157 lipopolysaccharide. | a pcr was developed for the detection of escherichia coli o157 based on the rfbe o-antigen synthesis genes. a 479-bp pcr product was amplified specifically from e. coli o157 in cell lysates containing 200 or 2 cfu following crude dna extraction. the pcr detected < 1 cfu of e. coli o157 per ml in raw milk following enrichment. | 1998 | 9620428 |
| inhibitory effect of bacterial attachment on candidal growth due to adherence with mannose-sensitive pili. | a bacterial strain with affinity to candida albicans was successfully obtained from a natural environment. an uncovered petri dish containing a suspension of heat-killed c. albicans cells was allowed to stand in a laboratory for several days. some bacteria which had adhered to the candidal cells were tested for their ability to agglutinate the cells. a bacterial strain, designated later as cab-1, was found to agglutinate candidal cells through bridging by mannose-sensitive pili. cab-1 showed sim ... | 1998 | 9623920 |
| beta-lactamases responsible for resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins in klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and proteus mirabilis isolates recovered in south africa. | although resistance to the expanded-spectrum cephalosporins among members of the family enterobacteriaceae lacking inducible beta-lactamases occurs virtually worldwide, little is known about this problem among isolates recovered in south africa. isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, and proteus mirabilis resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins recovered from patients in various parts of south africa over a 3-month period were investigated for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase ... | 1998 | 9624474 |
| characterization of the 6'-n-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene aac(6')-iq from the integron of a natural multiresistance plasmid. | the nucleotide sequence of a newly identified amikacin resistance gene, aac(6')-iq (551 bp), is reported. it has 68.4 and 94.4% homology with the aac(6')-ia gene and the recently described aac(6')-ip gene, respectively. analysis of its flanking sequences indicated that it is in the first cassette of a class i integron and has an attc site (59-base element) 108 bp in length. | 1998 | 9624504 |
| is195, an insertion sequence-like element associated with protease genes in porphyromonas gingivalis. | porphyromonas gingivalis is recognized as an important etiologic agent in adult and early-onset periodontal disease. proteases produced by this organism contribute to its virulence in mice. protease-encoding genes have been shown to contain multiple copies of repeated nucleotide sequences. these conserved sequences have also been found in hemagglutinin genes. in the process of studying the genetic loci containing the conserved repeated sequences, we have characterized a prtp gene homolog from p. ... | 1998 | 9632563 |
| inhibition of murine splenic and mucosal lymphocyte function by enteric bacterial products. | previously we showed that lysates of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) inhibit lymphokine production by mitogen-activated human peripheral blood and lamina propria mononuclear cells. the aims of the present study were to determine whether epec-inhibitory factors have similar effects on murine lymphoid populations in order to further delineate the mechanisms of alteration of cytokine production. preexposure to epec lysates inhibited mitogen-stimulated interleukin-2 (il-2), il-4, and gamma ... | 1998 | 9632575 |
| identification and sequence analysis of a 27-kilobase chromosomal fragment containing a salmonella pathogenicity island located at 92 minutes on the chromosome map of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | using a genomic approach, we have identified a new salmonella pathogenicity island, spi-4, which is the fourth salmonella pathogenicity island to be identified. spi-4 was located at 92 min on the chromosome map and was flanked by the ssb and soxsr loci. the dna sequence covering the entire spi-4 and both boundaries was determined. the size of spi-4 was about 25 kb and it contains 18 putative open reading frames (orfs). three of these orfs encode proteins that have significant homology with prote ... | 1998 | 9632606 |
| important and emerging beta-lactamase-mediated resistances in hospital-based pathogens: the amp c enzymes. | resistance to third-generation cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamases is an increasing problem for clinical therapeutics. a wide range of enterobacteriaceae produce these ampc enzymes (bush-jacoby-medeiros group 1), including enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, morganella morganii, providencia spp., and serratia marcescens. resistance via this mechanism has been shown to be statistically correlated with the use of some third-generation cephalosporins, and the infections caused by these ... | 1998 | 9635237 |
| bacterial resistance: a worldwide problem. | the therapeutic crisis produced by emerging antimicrobial resistances has compromised the chemotherapy of hospitalized patients with serious infections. for the most prevalent resistance problems, meropenem, a new carbapenem, appears to provide a potency and spectrum for: 1) extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae; 2) bush-jacoby-merdeiros group 1 enzyme-producing ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and some serratia spp.; 3) ceftazidime- and imip ... | 1998 | 9635913 |
| mutants of citrobacter freundii that transport and utilize melibiose. | we have isolated mutants of citrobacter freundii that can grow on melibiose. inducible alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity were detected in the mutant cells but not in the wild-type cells. we detected a dna region which hybridized with melb (the gene for the melibiose transporter) dna of escherichia coli in the chromosomal dna of wild-type c. freundii. protons, but not sodium ions, were found to be the coupling cations for melibiose (and methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) t ... | 1998 | 9642207 |
| detection of hemolysin variants of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by pcr and culture on vancomycin-cefixime-cefsulodin blood agar. | the presence of a hemolysin-encoding gene, elya or hlya, from shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) was detected by pcr in each of 95 strains tested. pcr products of elya from human stec isolates of serovars frequently detected in germany, such as o157:h-, o103:h2, o103:h-, o26:h11, and o26:h-, showed nucleotide sequences identical to previously reported ones for o157:h7 and o111:h- strains. compared to them, four elya amplicons derived from human isolates of rare stec serovars showed id ... | 1998 | 9647814 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods. | the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ... | 1998 | 9650942 |
| processing respiratory specimens with c18-carboxypropylbetaine: development of a sediment resuspension buffer that contains lytic enzymes to reduce the contamination rate and lecithin to alleviate toxicity. | the c18-carboxypropylbetaine (cb-18) procedure for processing respiratory specimens for the detection of mycobacteria was shown to provide significant increases in sensitivity by smear and culture. however, the procedure also produced increased contamination, a loss in liquid culture sensitivity, and a reduction in smear specificity. because of these observations, the toxicity of cb-18 and the nature of the contamination were characterized. preincubation in 1 mm cb-18 impacted viability in a tim ... | 1998 | 9650952 |
| streptococcus iniae, a human and animal pathogen: specific identification by the chaperonin 60 gene identification method. | it was recently reported that streptococcus iniae, a bacterial pathogen of aquatic animals, can cause serious disease in humans. using the chaperonin 60 (cpn60) gene identification method with reverse checkerboard hybridization and chemiluminescent detection, we identified correctly each of 12 s. iniae samples among 34 aerobic gram-positive isolates from animal and clinical human sources. | 1998 | 9650992 |
| cefepime-aztreonam: a unique double beta-lactam combination for pseudomonas aeruginosa. | an in vitro pharmacokinetic model was used to determine if aztreonam could enhance the pharmacodynamics of cefepime or ceftazidime against an isogenic panel of pseudomonas aeruginosa 164, including wild-type (wt), partially derepressed (pd), and fully derepressed (fd) phenotypes. logarithmic-phase cultures were exposed to peak concentrations achieved in serum with 1- or 2-g intravenous doses, elimination pharmacokinetics were simulated, and viable bacterial counts were measured over three 8-h do ... | 1998 | 9660993 |
| development of a colony lift immunoassay to facilitate rapid detection and quantification of escherichia coli o157:h7 from agar plates and filter monitor membranes. | e. coli o157:h7 is a food-borne adulterant that can cause hemorrhagic ulcerative colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome. faced with an increasing risk of foods contaminated with e. coli o157:h7, food safety officials are seeking improved methods to detect and isolate e. coli o157:h7 in hazard analysis and critical control point systems in meat- and poultry-processing plants. a colony lift immunoassay was developed to facilitate the positive identification and quantification of e. coli o157:h7 by ... | 1998 | 9665968 |
| pathogenesis and diagnosis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli infections. | since their initial recognition 20 years ago, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains have emerged as an important cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease, which may result in life-threatening complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. food-borne outbreaks of stec disease appear to be increasing and, when mass-produced and mass-distributed foods are concerned, can involve large numbers of people. development of therapeutic and preventative strategies to combat stec di ... | 1998 | 9665978 |
| direct detection of eae-positive bacteria in human and veterinary colorectal specimens by pcr. | a pcr test based on the amplification of an eae-specific sequence was designed and evaluated for its ability to directly detect homologous sequences in enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter spp. (amplification of eae open reading frame, 178 bp) in sections of the intestines of humans and animals with colonic lesions. positive pcr results were observed with eae-positive reference strains of e. coli and citrobacter rodentium (citrobacter freundii biotype 4280). known eae-negative refer ... | 1998 | 9666014 |
| gram-negative bacterial infections and cardiovascular parasitism in green sea turtles (chelonia mydas). | to investigate causes of ill health and mortality in juvenile wild green sea turtles (chelonia mydas) found along the mid-north west coast of western australia between june and october of 1997. | 1998 | 9673767 |
| the entericidin locus of escherichia coli and its implications for programmed bacterial cell death. | antidote/toxin gene pairs known as "addiction modules" can maintain plasmids in bacterial populations by means of post-segregational killing. however, several chromosome-encoded addiction modules may provide an entirely distinct function in the programmed cell death of moribund subpopulations under starvation conditions. we now report a novel chromosomal bacteriolytic module of escherichia coli called the entericidin locus, which is activated in stationary phase under high osmolarity conditions ... | 1998 | 9677290 |
| ctx-m-5, a novel cefotaxime-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase from an outbreak of salmonella typhimurium in latvia. | at a children's hospital in riga, latvia, isolates identified as salmonella typhimurium were found to be resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. two of the resistant strains were analyzed for the mechanism of cephalosporin resistance. isoelectric focusing revealed a common beta-lactamase with a pi of 8.8. in addition, one of the strains produced a pi 7.6 beta-lactamase. a transconjugant producing only the pi 7.6 enzyme was susceptible to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins; therefore, this e ... | 1998 | 9687393 |
| rapid detection and evaluation of clinical characteristics of emerging multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative rods carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaimp. | gram-negative rods (gnr) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaimp, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in japan. although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution of blaimp-positive gnr in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. to address this, a system for the rapid detection o ... | 1998 | 9687398 |
| beta-lactamase-mediated resistance and opportunities for its control. | clinical use of beta-lactams has selected for beta-lactamase-producing organisms. numerous beta-lactamases are known, and sequencing allows them to be divided into four classes, a to d, with classes a and c being the most important. pharmaceutical chemists have responded to the spread of beta-lactamase-producing organisms by developing stable agents and inhibitors. stability in penicillins and cephalosporins is achieved by attaching a bulky substituent to the amino group of 6-aminopenicillanic a ... | 1998 | 9688449 |
| structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c. | the following structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii o3a,3b,1c containing d-mannose and d-rhamnose was established using sugar analysis and nmr spectroscopy, including computer-assisted analysis of the 13c nmr spectrum, 2d cosy, h,h-relayed cosy, heteronuclear 13c, 1h correlation (hetcor), and rotating-frame noe spectroscopy (roesy):-->4)-alpha-d-manp-(1-->3)-beta-d-rhap-(1-->4) -beta-d-rhap-(1-->. | 1998 | 9691457 |
| development of rrna-targeted pcr and in situ hybridization with fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides for detection of yersinia species. | in this report, we present details of two rapid molecular detection techniques based on 16s and 23s rrna sequence data to identify and differentiate yersinia species from clinical and environmental sources. near-full-length 16s rrna gene (rdna) sequences for three different yersinia species and partial 23s rdna sequences for three y. pestis and three y. pseudotuberculosis strains were determined. while 16s rdna sequences of y. pestis and y. pseudotuberculosis were found to be identical, one base ... | 1998 | 9705392 |
| branched-dna assay for detection of the meca gene in oxacillin-resistant and oxacillin-sensitive staphylococci. | the identification of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus isolates in the clinical laboratory has typically been performed by using methods that detect phenotypic expression of resistance determinants. however, these methods may be difficult to interpret and some isolates do not express resistance until selective pressure is administered. assays that detect genetic determinants are not subject to these limitations and have been effective in distinguishing isolates that are capable of expressing ... | 1998 | 9705407 |
| controlled comparative evaluation of bact/alert fan and esp 80a aerobic media as means for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. | during a one-year period, a total of 6,305 blood cultures were processed in a tertiary-care teaching hospital; 6 to 12 ml of blood was inoculated into both a bact/alert fan aerobic bottle and an esp 80a aerobic bottle. the fan aerobic bottle contains an antimicrobial-absorbing material; the 80a aerobic bottle does not. bottles were processed on their respective continuous-monitoring blood culture instruments for up to five days of incubation. four hundred thirty-three cultures (6.9%) representin ... | 1998 | 9705414 |
| comparison of the binax legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay (eia) with the biotest legionella urin antigen eia for detection of legionella antigen in both concentrated and nonconcentrated urine samples. | we evaluated a newly commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (biotest legionella urin antigen eia; biotest ag, dreieich, germany) for detection of antigens of all legionella pneumophila serogroups with a relatively wide spectrum of cross-reactivity as well as antigens of other legionella spp. by comparing its sensitivity and specificity with those of an eia for detection of l. pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen (legionella urinary antigen eia; binax, portland, maine). both tests were performed with bot ... | 1998 | 9705420 |
| in vivo transduction with shiga toxin 1-encoding phage. | to facilitate the study of intestinal transmission of the shiga toxin 1 (stx1)-converting phage h-19b, tn10d-bla mutagenesis of an escherichia coli h-19b lysogen was undertaken. two mutants containing insertions in the gene encoding the a subunit of stx1 were isolated. the resultant ampicillin-resistant e. coli strains lysogenic for these phages produced infectious h-19b particles but not active toxin. these lysogens were capable of transducing an e. coli recipient strain in the murine gastroint ... | 1998 | 9712806 |
| development of a new culture medium for the rapid detection of salmonella by indirect conductance measurements. | the main difficulties in conductance medium development are to allow salmonella to grow and produce a conductance signal while impeding growth of related species such as escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii. various selective agents were screened for these capacities and a new medium was derived, named kiman (whitley impedance broth basal medium supplemented with three selective components: novobiocin, malachite green and potassium iodide). this medium supported the growth of salmonella ser ... | 1998 | 9721644 |
| pcr-based dna amplification and presumptive detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 with an internal fluorogenic probe and the 5' nuclease (taqman) assay. | presumptive identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 is possible in an individual, nonmultiplexed pcr if the reaction targets the enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) eaea gene. in this report, we describe the development and evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of a pcr-based 5' nuclease assay for presumptively detecting e. coli o157:h7 dna. the specificity of the eaea-based 5' nuclease assay system was sufficient to correctly identify all e. coli o157:h7 strains evaluated, mirroring the ... | 1998 | 9726887 |
| two functionally distinct regions upstream of the cbbi operon of rhodobacter sphaeroides regulate gene expression. | a number of cbbfi::lacz translational fusion plasmids containing various lengths of sequence 5' to the form i (cbbi) calvin-benson-bassham cycle operon (cbbficbbpicbbaicbblicbbsi) of rhodobacter sphaeroides were constructed. expression of beta-galactosidase was monitored under a variety of growth conditions. it was found that 103 bp of sequence upstream of the cbbfi transcription start was sufficient to confer low levels of regulated cbbi promoter expression; this activity was dependent on the p ... | 1998 | 9733694 |
| salmonella enteritidis: ampc plasmid-mediated inducible beta-lactamase (dha-1) with an ampr gene from morganella morganii. | dha-1, a plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase from a single clinical salmonella enteritidis isolate, conferred resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime) and cephamycins (cefoxitin and moxalactam), and this resistance was transferable to escherichia coli hb101. an antagonism was observed between cefoxitin and aztreonam by the diffusion method. transformation of the transconjugant e. coli strain with plasmid pnh5 carrying the ampd gene (whose product decreases the level of ex ... | 1998 | 9736562 |
| in vitro pharmacodynamic studies of l-749,345 in comparison with imipenem and ceftriaxone against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | l-749,345 is a new parenteral carbapenem with a very long half-life similar to that of ceftriaxone. the aim of the present study was to investigate different pharmacodynamic parameters of l-749,345 in comparison with those of ceftriaxone and imipenem. the following studies were performed: (i) comparative studies of the mics of l-749, 345, imipenem, and ceftriaxone for 70 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; (ii) comparative studies of the rate of killing of gram-positive and gram ... | 1998 | 9736564 |
| direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures by an electrochemical method. | nonfastidious aerobic gram-negative bacilli (gnb) are commonly isolated from blood cultures. the feasibility of using an electrochemical method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gnb in positive blood cultures was evaluated. an aliquot (10 microliter) of 1:10-diluted positive blood cultures containing gnb was inoculated into the bactometer module well (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.) containing 1 ml of mueller-hinton broth supplemented with an antibiotic. susceptibility tests w ... | 1998 | 9738038 |
| direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens by nested pcr. | this study was performed to establish optimal nested pcr conditions and a high-yield dna extraction method for the direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens. we designed two sets of primers targeting the v. vulnificus hemolysin/cytolysin gene. the target of the first primer set (p1-p2; sense, 5'-gac-tat-cgc-atc-aac-aac-cg-3', and antisense, 5'-agg-tag-cga-gta-tta-ctg-cc-3', respectively) is a 704-bp dna fragment. the second set (p3-p4; sense, 5'-gct-att-tca-ccg-ccg-ctc-ac- ... | 1998 | 9738039 |
| silver nitrate: antimicrobial activity related to cytotoxicity in cultured human fibroblasts. | the aims of this study were to ascertain whether silver nitrate (agno3) concentrations below those used in clinical practice inhibit bacterial growth, and in parallel study the cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. the cytoprotective effects of fetal calf serum (fcs) were also evaluated. the cytotoxic effects of eight different silver nitrate concentrations were determined by assessing mitochondrial activity of viable cells capable of cleaving tetrazolium salts. antimicrobial activity of agno3 ... | 1998 | 9745141 |
| [identification of escherichia coli o157 antigen by polymerase chain reaction]. | an assay was developed for the specific detection of escherichia coli o157 using pcr, because o serological cross-reactivities have been reported between e. coli o157 and some e. coli, other bacterial species. pcr amplification of e. coli o157 rfbe (ec o157:h7) gene that is necessary for the expression of the o157 antigen, was performed for the identification of e. coli o157. all shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 and o157:h, non-stec o157 strains were positive, and other non- ... | 1998 | 9745224 |
| contact-dependent protein secretion in porphyromonas gingivalis. | porphyromonas gingivalis can induce its uptake by host epithelial cells; however, the nature and role of the p. gingivalis molecules involved in this invasion process have yet to be determined. in this study, modulation of secreted p. gingivalis proteins following association with gingival epithelial cells was investigated. western immunoblot analysis showed that contact with epithelial cells or epithelial cell growth media induces p. gingivalis 33277 to secrete several proteins with molecular m ... | 1998 | 9746578 |
| mutation analysis of pobr and pcau, closely related transcriptional activators in acinetobacter. | acinetobacter pobr and pcau are transcriptional activators that closely resemble each other in primary structure, dna-binding sites, metabolic modulators, and physiological function. pobr responds to the inducer-metabolite p-hydroxybenzoate and activates transcription of poba, the structural gene for the enzyme that converts p-hydroxybenzoate to protocatechuate. this compound, differing from p-hydroxybenzoate only in that it contains an additional oxygen atom, binds to pcau and thereby specifica ... | 1998 | 9748437 |
| gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae. | fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ... | 1998 | 9756773 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to isolated bacteria in pediatric urinary tract infections]. | of the childhood urinary tract infections, more than 50% are caused by escherichia coli (e coli), followed by proteus mirabilis (p mirabilis), klebsiella sp, other enterobacteria, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococci. of e coli isolates, 50 to 60% are resistant to ampicillin (ampi-r), 10% being susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (amc). for p mirabilis, ampi-r isolates are less frequent and more often susceptible to amc. klebsiella sp is resistant to ampicillin, 75% of ... | 1998 | 9759315 |
| gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria. | naturally produced membrane vesicles (mvs), isolated from 15 strains of gram-negative bacteria (citrobacter, enterobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, morganella, proteus, salmonella, and shigella strains), lysed many gram-positive (including mycobacterium) and gram-negative cultures. peptidoglycan zymograms suggested that mvs contained peptidoglycan hydrolases, and electron microscopy revealed that the murein sacculi were digested, confirming a previous modus operandi (j. l. kadurugamuwa and t. j. ... | 1998 | 9765585 |
| inducible beta-lactam resistance in aeromonas hydrophila: therapeutic challenge for antimicrobial therapy. | despite the abundant amount of knowledge about inducible chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases among aeromonas species, extended-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant a. hydrophila strains selected in clinical practice were rarely reported. in the present study, two strains of a. hydrophila, a136 and a139, with markedly different susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins were isolated from blood and the tip segment of an arterial catheter of a burn patient. another strain (a136m) was select ... | 1998 | 9774563 |
| use of the bact/alert blood culture system for culture of sterile body fluids other than blood. | studies have demonstrated that large-volume culture methods for sterile body fluids other than blood increase recovery compared to traditional plated-medium methods. bact/alert is a fully automated blood culture system for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. in this study, we compared culture in bact/alert standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles, bact/alert fan aerobic and fan anaerobic bottles, and culture on routine media for six specimen types, i.e., continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysate ( ... | 1998 | 9774578 |
| identification of new verocytotoxin type 2 variant b-subunit genes in human and animal escherichia coli isolates. | the sequence of a verocytotoxin 2 (vt2) variant gene that was untypeable by the b subunit pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pcr-rflp) method described by tyler et al. (s. d. tyler, w. m. johnson, h. lior, g. wang, and k. r. rozee, j. clin. microbiol. 29:1339-1343, 1991) was determined and compared with published sequences. it was highly homologous to two recently reported vt2 variant sequences. the pcr-rflp method described by tyler et al. was extended to include these n ... | 1998 | 9774585 |
| pcr method for detection of adenovirus in urine of healthy and human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals. | adenoviruses (adv) cause diseases that range from localized, self-limited illnesses to fatal infections in immunocompromised patients. culture is assumed to be sensitive but requires viable virus and up to 3 weeks for detection, and it can be inhibited by bacterial contamination. a new pcr method amplifying a region of the hexon gene was developed in order to detect adv in urine more rapidly and with greater sensitivity than obtainable by culture technology. all 18 serotypes tested were detected ... | 1998 | 9774586 |
| [citrobacter freundii, a rare cause of hepatic abscess]. | 1998 | 9780433 | |
| [an additional dehydrogenase or oxidation-reduction test in the classification of enterobacteria]. | the dehydrogenase (dhg) or oxidation-reduction test is proposed for use together with the determination of such enzymes as hydrolases, cytochrome oxidase, dehydrocarboxylase, urease, etc. 200 citrobacter freundii cultures and 76 strains of enteropathogenic escherichia (epe) were studied with the determination of their dhg activity in semiliquid mannitol and in kligler's medium. the study revealed that this test, characterized by the reduction of the indicator, similarly to that in salmonellae an ... | 1998 | 9783392 |
| association of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli hemolysin with serotypes of shiga-like-toxin-producing escherichia coli of human and bovine origins. | in this study we investigated whether the enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) hemolysin gene ehxa could be used as an indicator of pathogenicity in shiga-like-toxin-producing escherichia coli (sltec) isolates. the isolates in a collection of 770 sltec strains of human and bovine origins were assigned to group 1 (230 human and 138 bovine sltec isolates belonging to serotypes frequently implicated in human disease), group 2 (85 human and 183 bovine isolates belonging to serotypes less freque ... | 1998 | 9797257 |
| transferable class c beta-lactamases in escherichia coli strains isolated in greek hospitals and characterization of two enzyme variants (lat-3 and lat-4) closely related to citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase. | among 2133 isolates of escherichia coli obtained during 1996 from 10 greek hospitals, 63 (3%) were resistant to cefoxitin. typing by eric2-pcr indicated that the cefoxitin-resistant (foxr) isolates were distinct. beta-lactamase studies and hybridization experiments showed that most strains produced beta-lactamases related to the ampc chromosomal cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii. the enzymes were encoded by similar non-self-transmissible plasmids. the bla genes encoding two beta-lactamase ... | 1998 | 9818739 |
| three-dimensional structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli bound to a transition-state analogue: possible implications for the oxyanion hypothesis and for inhibitor design. | the structures of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli, alone and in complex with a transition-state analogue, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. the native enzyme was determined to 2.0 a resolution, and the structure with the transition-state analogue m-aminophenylboronic acid was determined to 2.3 a resolution. the structure of ampc from e. coli resembles those previously determined for the class c enzymes from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. the transition-stat ... | 1998 | 9819201 |
| identification of immunodominant regions within the c-terminal cell binding domain of intimin alpha and intimin beta from enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) strains are a common cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. epec strains induce a characteristic attaching and effacing (a/e) lesion on epithelial cells. a/e lesion formation requires intimin, an outer membrane adhesin protein. the cell-binding activity of intimin is localized at the c-terminal 280 amino acids of the polypeptide (int280). so far, four distinct int280 types (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) have been identified. the aim of this ... | 1998 | 9826337 |
| complete dna sequence and detailed analysis of the yersinia pestis kim5 plasmid encoding murine toxin and capsular antigen. | yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague, harbors at least three plasmids necessary for full virulence of the organism, two of which are species specific. one of the y. pestis-specific plasmids, pmt1, is thought to promote deep tissue invasion, resulting in more acute onset of symptoms and death. we determined the entire nucleotide sequence of y. pestis kim5 pmt1 and identified potential open reading frames (orfs) encoded by the 100,990-bp molecule. based on codon usage for known yersinial ... | 1998 | 9826348 |