Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| cytokine expression in the liver during the early phase of murine tularemia. | cytokine expression was determined in the livers of mice inoculated subcutaneously with francisella tularensis lvs. during the first 48 h of infection, there was a logarithmic increase of bacteria in the liver, with a doubling time of 2.5 h. within 48 h, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin 10 (il-10), il-12, and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) mrnas were expressed, and production of tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma was demonstrated. there was no expression within 96 h of mrna from il-2, il- ... | 1995 | 7822019 |
| heat stress alters the virulence of a rifampin-resistant mutant of francisella tularensis lvs. | we have studied the stress response of a rifampin-resistant mutant of francisella tularensis lvs. this mutant, rif 7, was avirulent with an intraperitoneally administered 50% lethal dose greater than 10(7) cfu in a murine model of infection. exposure of rif 7 to heat stress for 5 h in vitro resulted in a 2-log decrease in its 50% lethal dose (p < 0.02). the increase in virulence was dependent on the time of exposure to high temperature and was maximal at 5 h. envelope preparations from heat-stre ... | 1995 | 7806352 |
| cell-mediated and humoral immune responses after vaccination of human volunteers with the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. | the specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of human volunteers vaccinated with the francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) were evaluated. in the search for an optimal antigen to measure the immunogenicity of the vaccine in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we tested irradiation-killed lvs, an aqueous ether extract of the lvs (eex), lipopolysaccharide (lps) from lvs, and a virulent strain (schu4). volunteers were immunized with lvs by scarification. immunoglobulin g (ig ... | 1995 | 7697521 |
| live tularemia vaccine but not proteins purified from francisella tularensis can confer protection against lethal listeria infection in mice. | immunization of balb/c mice with francisella tularensis vaccine strain 15/10 conferred significant protection against subsequent listerial infection. since immunostimulatory activities could apparently be relevant to surface components of the bacterium, a technique for purification of cell wall proteins was developed. the scheme designed consisted of triton x-100 extraction with subsequent fplc chromatography steps, and resulted in the isolation of homogeneous proteins with molecular masses of 5 ... | 1995 | 7748535 |
| electroporation of francisella tularensis. | 1995 | 7550729 | |
| [methodical bases of the use of erythrocytic diagnostic agents as phagocytosis objects]. | the error in assessment of the neutrophil phagocytic activity is 5.8%. this is attained by removal of conglomerations of phagocytosis objects and by ruling out the minimal variations in the duration of contact between the blood and foreign corpuscles and preparation of smears to be examined on the same slide. the content of up to 90% red cells does not influence the neutrophil phagocytic activity, and higher concentration reduces its level. | 1995 | 7582767 |
| levels of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in serum from humans vaccinated with live, attenuated francisella tularensis. | the levels of interleukin 6 (il-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha in serum did not change significantly during the course of immunization with the live vaccine strain of francisella tularensis. higher levels of circulating il-6 were found in the sera of vaccinees with good antibody responses than in the sera from nonresponders. preimmunization levels of il-6 in serum were also higher in responders than in nonresponders. | 1995 | 7583930 |
| seroepidemiologic study of three zoonoses (leptospirosis, q fever, and tularemia) among trappers in québec, canada. | this study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies against francisella tularensis, coxiella burnetii, and certain serovars of leptospira interrogans among trappers in québec, canada. muskrat trapping was identified as a risk factor for f. tularensis infection, whereas having a cat at home apparently protected trappers against infection by l. interrogans. high percentages of control sera were positive for antibodies against c. burnetii (15%) and l. interrogans (5%), most frequentl ... | 1995 | 7583933 |
| analysis of the dnak molecular chaperone system of francisella tularensis. | we have cloned the francisella tularensis (ft) grpe-dnak-dnaj heat-shock genes which are organized in that order. these genes allow heterologous genetic complementation of each respective mutant strain of escherichia coli (ec) for bacteriophage lambda growth. the nucleotide sequences of the ft grpe-dnak-dnaj genes and the deduced amino-acid sequences share significant homologies with their respective ec counterparts. the ft dnak and dnaj proteins cross-react with polyclonal antibodies raised aga ... | 1995 | 7590305 |
| adjuvanticity of iscoms incorporating a t cell-reactive lipoprotein of the facultative intracellular pathogen francisella tularensis. | immunostimulating complexes (iscoms) are known to be highly effective adjuvants for envelope antigens of viral agents, but have not been evaluated for use with antigens of intracellular bacteria. balb/c mice were subcutaneously immunized with iscoms into which the t cell-reactive membrane protein tul4 of francisella tularensis had been incorporated. spleen cells from the immunized mice responded in vitro to tul4 and to heat-killed f. tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) with proliferation and pr ... | 1995 | 7631511 |
| [the effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor on antibody formation in mice immunized with a preparation of the outer membranes from francisella tularensis]. | the influence of exogenic human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (tnf-alpha) on antibody production in mice immunized with the preparation of f.tularensis outer membranes (om) was studied. tnf-alpha was injected into mice in doses of 0.001-10 i.u. before and simultaneously with the injection of the preparation of f.tularensis om. the levels of tularemia antibodies, determined by elisa techniques, and the number of antibody-producing cells (apc) were studied. the study revealed that recombinant ... | 1995 | 7653140 |
| [the activity of the phagocytic bactericidal systems in intact guinea pigs and in guinea pigs immunized against tularemia]. | the activities of nadp-oxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in mononuclear phagocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pml) during the phagocytosis of francisella tularensis and the influence of immunization of on the activity of oxygen-dependent metabolism were studied. the phagocytosis of f.tularensis was found to be accompanied by a rise in the activity of nadp.h-oxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. in the process of immunogenesis the rearrangement of the enzymatic system ... | 1995 | 7653143 |
| mixed natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis, tularemia and haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in west slovakia. | total of 923 small mammals of 7 species were collected in locality záhorská ves, west slovakia, in 1990-1992. among examined small mammal species it was clethrionomys glareolus (48.7% of total, 17.5% positive for tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus antibodies), apodemus flavicollis (29.7% of total, 17.5% positive), a. sylvaticus (11.3% of total, 16.3% positive), and microtus arvalis (6.2% of total, 10.5% positive). the most abundant tick species (larval and nymphal stages) on small mammals was i ... | 1995 | 7676942 |
| growth of francisella tularensis lvs in macrophages: the acidic intracellular compartment provides essential iron required for growth. | murine macrophages supported exponential intracellular growth of francisella tularensis lvs in vitro with a doubling time of 4 to 6 h. lvs was internalized and remained in a vacuolar compartment throughout its growth cycle. the importance of endosome acidification to intracellular growth of this bacterium was assessed by treatment of lvs-infected macrophages with several different lysosomotropic agents (chloroquine, nh4cl, and ouabain). regardless of the agent used or its mechanism of action, ma ... | 1995 | 7890413 |
| correlation of the polysaccharide antigens of francisella tularensis with virulence in experimental mice. | francisella tularensis gives rise to two distinct colony types, acriflavine agglutination test-positive (acf+) and -negative (acf-) colonies. the acf+ variants were exclusively low virulent in mice, while the acf- variants were shown to be either high or low virulent. three fractions, phosphate-buffered saline-extractable without heating, with heating at 60 c, and with heating at 100 c, were obtained from cultures of both the acf+ and acf- variants on agar media, and the polysaccharide antigens ... | 1995 | 8789061 |
| [the characteristics of new species of pathogenic microorganisms in the genus francisella]. | the comparative study of newly discovered pathogenic bacteria of the genus francisella was carried out with the use of a complex of microbiological and serological methods. while having great similarity to the causative agent of tularemia, f. novicida, f. novicida-like bacteria and f. philomiragia had lesser growth requirements, some specific morphological and structural features, were capable of fermenting sucrose and exhibited low pathogenicity to experimental animals. the strains under study ... | 1995 | 8525727 |
| [primers for the genus-specific detection of francisella tularensis in the polymerase chain reaction]. | primers for the detection of f.tularensis in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) have been obtained. the method of pcr permits the identification of up to 10 f.tularensis cells in the analysis of pure and mixed cultures, as well as suspensions prepared from the organs of laboratory animals. the possibility of the simultaneous analysis of several samples makes this system for the detection of f.tularensis useful for epidemiological investigations. | 1995 | 8525740 |
| chemiluminescent immunoassay (clia) for the detection of brucellosis and tularaemia antigens. | the detection of brucellosis and tularaemia infection agents is of particular interest for medical practice. the possibility of using enhanced chemiluminescence reactions for the determination of these agents is studied in this work. light intensity depends on both the conjugate concentration used and the conditions at which the adsorption was performed. optimal conditions for these test-systems were: approximately 20 micrograms/ml of ig and 200 micrograms/ml (titre 1:20) of conjugate. as is see ... | 1995 | 8533600 |
| prevalence of ticks infected with francisella tularensis in natural foci of tularemia in western slovakia. | the prevalence of ticks infected with f. tularensis was followed during a systematic surveillance in endemic area of tularemia in western slovakia over the years 1984-93. ticks were collected from vegetation in localities of podunajské biskupice, in the vicinity of the capital of slovakia, bratislava, near the river danube. in total 6033 ticks, mostly adults of dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus (4994 and 1004, respectively) and 35 nymphs of haemaphysalis concinna, were examined for the ... | 1995 | 8549717 |
| [the determination of the duration of postvaccinal immunity against tularemia]. | 1995 | 8553755 | |
| role of lipopolysaccharide and a major outer membrane protein from francisella tularensis in the induction of immunity against tularemia. | a crude outer membrane preparation from francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) was used to immunize mice. immunized mice were completely protected from a f. tularensis challenge. we evaluated the role of two major outer membrane antigens in the induction of protective immunity, namely lipopolysaccharide and an outer membrane protein fopa. we presented fopa to the immune system using an aromatic amino acid-dependent salmonella typhimurium as a vector. although mice mounted an immune res ... | 1995 | 8578807 |
| a rapid, highly sensitive method for the detection of francisella tularensis in clinical samples using the polymerase chain reaction. | we have developed a highly sensitive method for detection of francisella tularensis in clinical samples based on a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the fopa gene. mice infected with f. tularensis were killed at 24-hr intervals, and the dna from blood and spleens was extracted by a variety of methods and analyzed by pcr. the best method, based on the ability of dna to bind to silica in the presence of guanidine thiocyanate, yielded amplifiable dna without dilution of the murine tissue s ... | 1996 | 8615448 |
| characterization and sequencing of a respiratory burst-inhibiting acid phosphatase from francisella tularensis. | acid phosphatases (acp) of intracellular pathogens have recently been implicated as virulence factors that enhance intracellular survival through suppression of the respiratory burst. we describe here the identification, purification, characterization, and sequencing of a novel burst-inhibiting acid phosphatase from the facultative intracellular bacterium, francisella tularensis. similar to other the burst-inhibiting acps, f. tularensis acp (acpa) is tartrate-resistant and has broad substrate sp ... | 1996 | 8631917 |
| ixodes (ixodes) scapularis (acari:ixodidae): redescription of all active stages, distribution, hosts, geographical variation, and medical and veterinary importance. | the blacklegged tick, ixodes (ixodes) scapularis say, 1821, is redescribed, based on laboratory reared specimens originating in bulloch county, georgia. information on distribution, host associations, morphological variation, and medical/veterinary importance is also presented. a great deal of recent work has focused on this species because it is the principal vector of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwaldt & brenner) in eastern north america. its d ... | 1996 | 8667375 |
| inability of the francisella tularensis lipopolysaccharide to mimic or to antagonize the induction of cell activation by endotoxins. | we studied the ability of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from a vaccine strain of francisella tularensis (lps-ft) to mimic lpss from other gram-negative bacteria for activation of various murine cell types or to antagonize the effects of other lpss. we found that activation of macrophages for the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and no, of pre-b lymphocytes for the expression of surface immunoglobulins, and of bone marrow cells for the expression of lps-binding sites was either ... | 1996 | 8675305 |
| [the capacity of avirulent forms of francisella tularensis for dissemination and proliferation in the host body]. | in this investigation isogenic avirulent variants obtained from f. tularensis standard virulent strain 503 were used. the capsule-deficient variants (cap-) were shown to have no species-specific capsular antigens and to be capable of producing r-lps having no the polysaccharide part of the molecules. the capsule-defective forms (cap +/- ) were found to synthesize capsular antigens and s-lps whose polysaccharide part essentially differed from the o-lateral chains of lps of the virulent strain. th ... | 1996 | 8701638 |
| [francisella tularensis persistence in the body of highly sensitive animals]. | 1996 | 8701641 | |
| [the characteristics of a natural attenuated isolate of francisella tularensis]. | the natural isolate of f. tularensis subsp. holarctica 268 was detected and studied. the isolate possessed the properties of the vaccine strain: residual virulence for white mice, avirulence for guinea pigs and high immunogenicity for experimental animals. a significant decrease in its virulence for animals, highly sensitive to tularemia, was noted. in contrast to most virulent strains circulating in natural foci, f. tularensis strain 268 was characterized by the absence of growth at a cultivati ... | 1996 | 8701651 |
| the requirement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma for the expression of protective immunity to secondary murine tularaemia depends on the size of the challenge inoculum. | the present study was conducted to determine the extent to which the cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) are required to protect against primary or secondary murine tularaemia caused by the live vaccine strain of the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis. it is shown that non-immune mice treated with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma are rendered defenceless against otherwise sublethal in ... | 1996 | 8704976 |
| [the presence of antibodies against francisella tularensis among inhabitants of north-eastern poland]. | in this work we analysed the frequency of incidence of antibodies against f. tularensis among forest workers in region of north-eastern poland. the presence was detected in 0,13% analised workers and 3,38% hospitalised patients in clinic of parasitic diseases and neuroinfections in białystok. | 1996 | 8711161 |
| tick-borne illness increasing in oklahoma. | 1996 | 8720556 | |
| lack of requirement for prolonged incubation of septi-chek blood culture bottles in patients with bacteremia due to fastidious bacteria. | a questionnaire survey for which there were 538 respondents from american clinical microbiology laboratories was used to assess the need for prolonged incubation of septi-chek blood culture bottles for the recovery of hacek bacilli, brucella species, francisella tularensis, and nutritionally deficient streptococci from blood. among a total of 219 reported isolates of these bacteria, in only 6 cases (2.7%) was incubation longer than 7 days required. only 2 of 136 patients (1.5%) were noted to be ... | 1996 | 8724399 |
| minimal requirements for murine resistance to infection with francisella tularensis lvs. | intraperitoneal or intravenous infection of mice with francisella tularensis lvs is lethal, with an intraperitoneal 50% lethal dose (ld50) approaching a single bacterium. intradermal (i.d.) lvs infection has a much higher ld50, about 10(6) bacteria in balb/cbyj mice, and survival of i.d. infection leads to solid generation of immunity against lethal challenge. to define the minimal requirements for both initial and long-term survival of i.d. infection, we characterized the nature of i.d. lvs inf ... | 1996 | 8757866 |
| tularemia in a dog. | a 13-month-old german shepherd dog was presented with acute onset of anorexia, pyrexia, lymphadenopathy, and tonsillitis. tularemia was diagnosed based on a greater-than-fourfold increase in antifrancisella tularensis antibody titers over a three-week period. the disease was self-limiting, and clinical signs resolved within five days with only supportive therapy. | 1996 | 8784724 |
| phase variation in francisella tularensis affecting intracellular growth, lipopolysaccharide antigenicity and nitric oxide production. | many microbial pathogens, such as mycobacterium spp. and salmonella spp., use macrophage intracellular growth or antigenic variation as mechanisms for avoiding the host immune system. in this work we present evidence to show that the intracellular pathogen francisella tularensis uses phase variation to alter antigenicity and the host macrophage nitric oxide response simultaneously, thereby modulating its intracellular growth. the lipopolysaccharide (lps) and lipid a of f. tularensis fails to sti ... | 1996 | 8793882 |
| isolation of francisella tularensis from lymph node aspirate inoculated into a non-radiometric blood culture system. | 1996 | 8801096 | |
| a shunt infection caused by francisella tularensis. | we report the first case of a child with a shunt infection caused by francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia. this patient is also unique in that the disease was limited to the central nervous system. | 1996 | 8817615 |
| characterization of two unusual clinically significant francisella strains. | we have isolated two phenotypically distinct nonfastidious francisella strains (fx1 and fx2) from the blood of compromised patients with pneumonia and compared them with eight other francisella strains, including francisella tularensis biovar tularensis, f. tularensis biovar novicida, and f. philomiragia. our isolates grew well on sheep blood agar, chocolate agar, modified thayer-martin agar, and trypticase soy agar. fx1 and fx2 were determined to be within the francisella genus by cellular fatt ... | 1996 | 8818897 |
| [the resistance of francisella tularensis to the bactericidal action of normal serum as a criterion for evaluating the virulence of the bacterium]. | the study of the sensitivity of f. tularensis to the bactericidal action of normal serum (ns) revealed that all virulent cultures were resistant, while avirulent cultures were highly sensitive to ns. the synthesis of r-lipopolysaccharide (lps) by capsule-deficient (cap-) clones or the synthesis of s-lps by capsule-defective (cap+/-) clones of the avirulent phenotype of these bacteria had no influence on the sensitivity of these forms to ns, but ensured longer survival of cap+/- variants in the s ... | 1996 | 8820667 |
| parasites and selected diseases of collared peccaries (tayassu tajacu) in the trans-pecos region of texas. | fifty-five collared peccaries (tayassu tajacu) were collected from october 1988 through april 1991 from five counties within the trans-pecos region of texas (usa) to monitor for diseases and parasites. no endoparasites were recovered on gross examination. antibody to borrelia burgdorferi was documented in one (2%) of 55 specimens. three (6%) of 54 collared peccaries were positive for yersinia pestis antibodies. all collared peccaries were negative for antibodies against brucella spp., francisell ... | 1996 | 8827690 |
| index of suspicion. case 1. diagnosis: erythema infectiosum (ei). | 1996 | 8857202 | |
| francisella tularensis: host-parasite interaction. | 1996 | 8861025 | |
| field investigations of tularemia in norway. | in norway, tularemia is a common disease in small rodent and hare populations, where large outbreaks can be observed. in humans, the yearly number of cases is low, usually less than ten, with peaks up to 44 recorded in recent years. serological investigations on hunters and healthy school children nevertheless indicate, with up to 4.7% positivity in the latter group, that francisella tularensis low-grade infection is widespread. f. tularensis in co-culture with amoebae, e.g. achantamoeba castell ... | 1996 | 8861027 |
| immunogenicity of a new lot of francisella tularensis live vaccine strain in human volunteers. | a new lot of francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) was tested for immunogenicity in 19 human volunteers. scarification vaccination induced specific cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. we noted a significant rise in antibodies against irradiation-killed lvs, formalin-killed virulent strain schu4, and an ether extracted antigen preparation (eex) beginning 14 days after vaccination. a main target of the humoral immune response was lipopolysaccharide. eighty percent of vaccinated ... | 1996 | 8861030 |
| live tularemia vaccine confers protection against lethal legionella and listeria infections in experimental animals. | the efficacy of a live francisella tularensis vaccine strain to cause nonspecific immunity toward experimental legionellosis and listeriosis was studied. immunisation with tularemia vaccine protected over 80% and 17% of experimental animals against subsequent lethal challenge with legionella pneumophila and listeria monocytogenes, respectively. the protection was maximal during the first month following immunisation and declined thereafter. in order to delineate the immunostimulatory moieties of ... | 1996 | 8861031 |
| the new vaccine strains (or variants) of francisella tularensis. | a colony (n83) of the vaccine strain of francisella tularensis (15/10) and a strain (n268) isolated from a water sample in nature were revealed for susceptibility to cultivation at 42 degrees c. both strains had low virulence for white mice and were avirulent for guinea pigs but possessed high immunogenicity in these animals. the spontaneous mutant of vaccine strain 15/10 showed resistance to doxicycline and rifampicine (15/10 dox (r)40 rif (r)40). the obtained mutant had biological characterist ... | 1996 | 8861032 |
| orchestration of the protective immune response to intracellular bacteria: francisella tularensis as a model organism. | francisella tularensis is used as a model organism in studies of mechanisms behind the induction of a protective t-cell response in the mammalian host. protective immunity is associated with a cd4 and cd8 t-cell response towards a mosaic of proteins of f. tularensis and due to hla restriction, each individual selects her own mosaic. no single protein has so far been shown to be immunodominant. only live f. tularensis affords effective host protection. subcellular antigen preparations induce only ... | 1996 | 8861033 |
| outer membranes of a lipopolysaccharide-protein complex (lps-17 kda protein) as chemical tularemia vaccines. | immunisation with outer membranes of francisella tularensis induced an efficient protection in guinea pigs against challenge with the virulent strains 503 or 144/713 (type b biovar holarctica), both clinical isolates, and prevented the development of typical signs of infection in hamadryads (baboons), challenged with the virulent strain schu (type a, biovar tularensis) of f. tularensis. immunisation with a lipopolysaccharide protein complex isolated from the outer membranes afforded protection i ... | 1996 | 8861034 |
| the immune response against francisella tularensis live vaccine strain in lps(n) and lps(d) mice. | the impact of lps gene on the course of immune response against subcutaneous infection of mice with francisella tularensis live vaccine strain was studied. production and specificity of antibodies, cytotoxic responses of macrophages and nk-cells, spontaneous production ex vivo of cytokines il-1 alpha, il-2, il-4, il-6, il-10, ifn-gamma, and tnf-alpha in spleen cell cultures in c3h/hej (lps(d)) mice in comparison with c3h/hen (lps(n)) mice were tested. the value of ld(50) was significantly differ ... | 1996 | 8861035 |
| cytokine expression in the liver of mice infected with a highly virulent strain of francisella tularensis. | cytokine mrna expression was determined in the liver of mice subcutaneously inoculated with a lethal dose of the highly virulent strain fsc 041 of francisella tularensis subvar, tularensis or a sublethal dose of the live vaccine strain of f. tularensis subvar. palaearctica. expression of mrna for tnf-alpha, il-12, ifn-gamma, and il-10 was demonstrated within 48 h of inoculation, the kinetics being similar irrespective of bacterial strain used. thus, the expression of a cytokine response believed ... | 1996 | 8861036 |
| role of two outer membrane antigens in the induction of protective immunity against francisella tularensis strains of different virulence. | a crude outer membrane preparation from francisella tularensis live vaccine strain was used to immunise mice. immunised mice were completely protected from a f. tularensis challenge. we evaluated the role of two major outer membrane antigens in the induction of protective immunity, namely lipopolysaccharide and an outer membrane protein fopa. we presented fopa to the immune system using an aromatic amino acid dependent salmonella typhimurium as a vector. although mice mounted an immune response ... | 1996 | 8861037 |
| francisella tularensis resistance to bactericidal action of normal human serum. | lipopolysaccharide and outer membranes from the three virulent encapsulated (cap(+)) strains of three subspecies of francisella tularensis and their isogenic avirulent capsule-deficient (cap(-)) mutants were isolated. it was shown that the cap cells and their outer membranes almost completely consumed the available complement of normal human serum whereas cap(-) lps (r-lps), cap(+) cells and their components activated the complement less effectively. absorption of normal human serum with cap(-) ... | 1996 | 8861038 |
| cryptic plasmid pfnl10 from francisella novicida-like f6168: the base of plasmid vectors for francisella tularensis. | the plasmid pfnl1oo was created by ligation of escherichia coli plasmid pbr328 and plasmid pfnl1o from francisella novicida-like strain f6168. this plasmid was able to replicate and to express the genes for chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance in both e. coli and f. tularensis. the origin of replication of pfnl1o, needed for the replication of pfnl1oo in f. tularensis, was mapped. a sau3a-deletion derivative of pfnl1oo, designated pfnl2oo, was constructed. this plasmid could replicate onl ... | 1996 | 8861039 |
| construction of a shuttle vector for use in francisella tularensis. | the characterisation of virulence factors of francisella tularensis has been hampered by the lack of genetic system for the bacterium. in this study, a shuttle vector was constructed that can replicate autonomously in f. tularensis and escherichia coli. to obtain this vector, the p15a replication origin of f. coli plasmid pacyc184 was introduced into a plasmid derivative of plasmid pfnl2oo, a plasmid which only can replicate in f. tularensis. the resulting shuttle vector, designated pkk2o2, harb ... | 1996 | 8861040 |
| frequent isolation of francisella tularensis from dermacentor reticulatus ticks in an enzootic focus of tularaemia. | a total of 924 questing dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), sixty haemaphysalis concinna koch and 718 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) were examined in a floodplain forest ecosystem during the 1994-95 outbreak of tularaemia in south moravia, czech republic. francisella tularensis was not isolated from h.concinna ticks or aedes spp. mosquitoes, whereas twenty-one isolates were recovered from the other haematophagous arthropods. dermacentor reticulatus revealed a significantly hig ... | 1996 | 8887334 |
| amplification and restriction endonuclease digestion of a large fragment of genes coding for rrna as a rapid method for discrimination of closely related pathogenic bacteria. | by use of primers specific to conserved regions of the rrna gene cluster, a discrete amplicon of approximately 5 kb was amplified by pcr from all 21 bacterial genera investigated. subsequent endonuclease digestion of the pcr product with haeiii distinguished between the three species of the human pathogen francisella spp. on the one hand and four clinically relevant genomic groups of acinetobacter spp. on the other hand. the described technique has the potential as a rapid method for discriminat ... | 1996 | 8940418 |
| loss of either cd4+ or cd8+ t cells does not affect the magnitude of protective immunity to an intracellular pathogen, francisella tularensis strain lvs. | normal mice readily survive a sublethal intradermal (i.d.) infection with francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs), a model intracellular bacterium, and are strongly protected against subsequent lethal challenge. however, athymic nu/nu mice, which lack mature alphabeta tcr+ t lymphocytes, succumb to i.d. infection within 30 days. here we characterize the alphabeta t cell subpopulations necessary for both resolution of i.d. infection and generation of optimal protective immunity to lvs. b ... | 1996 | 8943413 |
| detection of francisella tularensis by the polymerase chain reaction. | francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularaemia. effective antibiotic treatment of tularaemia is now available, but the early diagnosis of tularaemia remains a problem. four primers (three pairs) were designed to detect f. tularensis by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), based on the previously published nucleotide sequence of t-cell epitopes of a f. tularensis membrane protein. amplification of purified f. tularensis chromosomal dna with the three pairs of primers resulted in thre ... | 1996 | 8958253 |
| [the characterization of francisella tularensis mutants and subspecies by using monoclonal antibodies]. | monoclonal antibodies to f.tularensis cells, subspecies holarctica, were studied for the capacity of reacting with f.tularensis, subspecies nearctica, and its mutants having lower virulence and altered capacity for inducing protective immunity to tularemia in laboratory animals. among the antibody-producing hybridoma clones under study, clones f8/67 and c7/65 capable of distinguishing the mutants of f.tularensis, subspecies nearctica, with lower virulence than that of the initial strain were sel ... | 1996 | 9027167 |
| tularemia. | 1996 | 9033975 | |
| [a milk-borne outbreak of tularemia in moscow]. | 1996 | 9082717 | |
| [conjunctivitis and febrile lymphadenitis as a sign of francisella tularensis]. | 1996 | 10592644 | |
| [meningitis caused by francisella tularensis]. | 1996 | 10596102 | |
| [the epizootic characteristics of tularemia in the crimea]. | cases of tularemia were registered in the crimea both before and after planned immunization. in 1981-1993 in 4.000 localities 35,100 mammals, 27,400 ectoparasites, 8,800 feces left by birds of prey and foxes and 900 environmental specimens were studied. 137 francisella tularensis strains were isolated. field mapping of the spread of f.tularensis and places of habitation of small mammals was carried out. the active polyhostal natural focus of tularemia was found to exist on the kerch peninsula, l ... | 1996 | 9103072 |
| francisella tularensis isolation from various clinical specimens. | 1996 | 11866851 | |
| medical microbiology | rickettsiae are small, gram-negative bacilli that have evolved in such close association with arthropod hosts that they are adapted to survive within the host cells. they represent a rather diverse collection of bacteria, and therefore listing characteristics that apply to the entire group is difficult. the common threads that hold the rickettsiae into a group are their epidemiology, their obligate intracellular life ... | 1996 | 21413251 |
| medical microbiology | the genus pasteurella was originally proposed and described by trevisan in 1887. it consisted of a group of nonmotile, small (0. 7 μm by 0. 5 μm), gram-negative coccobacilli often exhibiting a characteristic type of bipolar staining (fig. 29-1). most members of this genus are associated with severe, life-threatening systemic diseases involving both hemorrhagic pneumonia and septicemia. the first pathogen to be ... | 1996 | 21413268 |
| francisella philomiragia sepsis in chronic granulomatous disease. | 1997 | 9109152 | |
| detection of francisella tularensis in ulcers of patients with tularemia by pcr. | the diagnosis of human cases of tularemia is usually confirmed by the demonstration of an antibody response to francisella tularensis, which occurs about 2 weeks after the onset of disease. due to a high risk of infection in the laboratory, cultivation of the causative agent tends to be avoided. during an outbreak in sweden, the use of pcr for diagnosing the ulceroglandular form of tularemia was evaluated. extraction and preparation of f. tularensis dna from swab samples from the wounds of patie ... | 1997 | 9114378 |
| a novel role for b cells in early protective immunity to an intracellular pathogen, francisella tularensis strain lvs. | normal balb/cbyj mice given a sublethal infection of francisella tularensis strain lvs survived 10(6) ld50s of lethal challenge given only 3 days later. here, we determine the cell types responsible for this very strong early protective immunity. early protection is observed in athymic nu/nu mice but not fully immunodeficient scid mice, implicating a lymphocyte in this response. using scid mice that are reconstituted with various purified cell subpopulations, as well as mice with genetically tar ... | 1997 | 9120284 |
| characterization of the nucleotide sequence of the groe operon encoding heat shock proteins chaperone-60 and -10 of francisella tularensis and determination of the t-cell response to the proteins in individuals vaccinated with f. tularensis. | the groe operon of francisella tularensis lvs, encoding the heat shock proteins chaperone-10 (cpn10) and cpn60, was sequenced and characterized, and the t-cell response of lvs-vaccinated individuals to the two proteins and the third major chaperone, ft-dnak, was assayed. the cpn10 and cpn60 genes were amplified by pcr with degenerate oligonucleotides derived from the n-terminal sequence of the two proteins. the sequence analysis revealed the expected two open reading frames, encoding proteins wi ... | 1997 | 9125567 |
| a francisella tularensis dna clone complements escherichia coli defective for the production of era, an essential ras-like gtp-binding protein. | we cloned the era gene of francisella tularensis from a plasmid library by heterologous genetic complementation of an escherichia coli mutant conditionally defective for the production of era, an essential protein for cell growth. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that, in f. tularensis, era constitutes a single gene operon. orfs aspc and mdh encoding aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase, respectively, flank era in f. tularensis. although classified as gram-, the flanking reg ... | 1997 | 9161408 |
| identification of proteins of francisella tularensis induced during growth in macrophages and cloning of the gene encoding a prominently induced 23-kilodalton protein. | the adaptation of facultative intracellular bacteria to host macrophages involves regulation of the synthesis of bacterial proteins. we analyzed the protein synthesis of francisella tularensis lvs growing intracellularly in the macrophage-like murine cell line j774 and extracellularly in culture medium. after pulse-labeling with [35s] methionine and separation by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, induction of a few proteins during intracellular growth was demonstrated. ... | 1997 | 9169749 |
| [the composition of the cellular fatty acids in bacteria of the genera yersinia and francisella]. | the studied strains of yersinia pseudotuberculosis (5 st.), y. enterocolitica (2 st.), y. intermedia (1 st.), y. frederiksenii (1 st.), y. kristensenii (1 st.) and y. ruckeri (1 st.) have similar fatty acid profiles of cells mainly represented by straight chain and cyclopropanic fatty acids with chain of 12 to 19 carbon atoms. prevalence of c16:1, c16:0, c17v, in the spectrum and c18:1 under growth in meat-peptone broth are observed. strains of y. pseudotuberculosis as well as the already studie ... | 1997 | 9172861 |
| aerosol delivery of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin: aerosol characterization and efficacy against francisella tularensis infection in mice. | the aerosol delivery of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin by using 12 commercially available jet nebulizers was evaluated in this study. aerosol particles containing liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin generated by the nebulizers were analyzed with a laser aerodynamic particle sizer. mean mass aerodynamic diameters (mmads) and geometric standard deviations (gsds) were determined, and the drug contents of the sampling filters from each run onto which aerosolized liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxa ... | 1997 | 9174185 |
| the economic impact of a bioterrorist attack: are prevention and postattack intervention programs justifiable? | understanding and quantifying the impact of a bioterrorist attack are essential in developing public health preparedness for such an attack. we constructed a model that compares the impact of three classic agents of biologic warfare (bacillus anthracis, brucella melitensis, and francisella tularensis) when released as aerosols in the suburb of a major city. the model shows that the economic impact of a bioterrorist attack can range from an estimated $477.7 million per 100,000 persons exposed (br ... | 1997 | 9204289 |
| early consequences of macrophage-francisella tularensis interaction under the influence of different genetic background in mice. | the induction, regulation and expression of protective immunity against francisella tularensis lvs infection is dependent on the results of primary interaction between the cells of host's immunoregulatory system and the microbe. the early events, at least on the side of macrophages, are under the genetic control. to determine the impact of genes that might be involved in the control of resistance to francisella tularensis lvs infection, we have used three different inbred strains of mice with in ... | 1997 | 9232429 |
| [a rapid method for assessing the virulence of francisella tularensis in vitro]. | a rapid and simple method for the in vitro evaluation of the virulence of f. tularensis is proposed. the optimal parameters--the concentrations of bacteria and the substrate (phenolphthalein phosphate), the time incubation in the serum--have been developed and special conditions for strains of different subspecies have been selected. the proposed method makes it possible to greatly reduce the time of obtaining results and to exclude labor-consuming experiments on laboratory animals when working ... | 1997 | 9245133 |
| [an epidemiological investigation of a tularemia outbreak in smolensk province]. | the investigation of the epidemic outbreak of tularemia morbidity among the population of vyaz'ma, was carried out. in this investigation the disease was shown to be transmitted by the water route due to contamination of water in the local water mains as the result of serious violations of the rules of using water supply systems. in the process of the investigation of this outbreak a natural focus of tularemia, not registered heretofore, was discovered. the work emphasizes the inadmissibility of ... | 1997 | 9245138 |
| suppression of francisella tularensis growth in the rat by co-infection with f. novicida. | we have previously shown that when cultured in vitro, peritoneal rat macrophages infected with francisella novicida spontaneously release nitric oxide in sufficient quantities to inhibit bacterial growth. however, it is not known whether f. novicida can have a similar antimicrobial effect in vivo. here we show that a co-infection of f. novicida with francisella tularensis can suppress the number of f. tularensis cells in rat spleens by as much as 100-fold. | 1997 | 9252574 |
| [analysis of the incidence and routes of transmission of tularemia in slovakia]. | the morbidity from tularaemia in slovakia has since the epidemic incidence in the sixties a declining trend. the mean annual morbidity rate declined from 5.5 per 10(5) population in 1960-1969 to 0.3 in 1980-1994 and is markedly influenced by the incidence of tularaemia in the well known epidemic area in western slovakia where in 1985 also the first cases of transmission of tularaemia by ticks were recorded in slovakia. during the last decade (1985-1994) in slovakia 126 cases were notified, out o ... | 1997 | 9264796 |
| direct sequencing of pcr-amplified 23s rdna. | 1997 | 9266070 | |
| [morphology, ultrastructure and populational features of bacteria francisella]. | the morphology, ultrastructure of cells and the structure of microbial populations of various bacteria of the francisella genus were estimated by electron microscopy. the strain 503 has been found to produce a bacterial population that is most homogeneous in shape and size. it contains microbes of only round and avoid forms, 0.5-0.6 micron in size. in addition of oval and round microbes there are ellipsoid and rod-shaped ones in the strains 15/3m, a. cole 120, 117, etc. the largest tularemia mic ... | 1997 | 9289274 |
| [tularemia vaccine strain is a potential vector]. | the immunological and genetic properties of francisella tularensis vaccine strain are discussion with regard to its use to produce recombinant vaccines. this bacterium-based vector is supposed to be an excellent object for investigating the role of protective antigens in the development of immunity against intracellular bacteria. | 1997 | 9289276 |
| [cervicofacial manifestations of tularemia. apropos of a familial case]. | tularemia is a rare infectious disease, due to francisella tularensis, a virulent bacterium transmitted by a carrier insect (essentially ticks) or by the meat of an infected animal (generally hares). we report 3 cases that occurred in the same family, showing the various symptoms of this disease. revealing head and neck manifestations may mislead diagnosis. | 1997 | 9295886 |
| [a comparative analysis of francisella protein antigens]. | comparative analysis of protein antigens of cells lysates and outer membranes of different francisella species (f. tularensis, f. novicida(-like), and f. philomigaria) by immunoblotting showed similarity and detected the individual features of each species as regards the protein antigen spectrum. protein antigen with molecular weight of 22.5 kd localized on the outer membrane and coded for by plasmid pfnl10 was discovered for f. novicida-like stain f6168. the significance of new data for charact ... | 1997 | 9297103 |
| [tonsillo-pharyngeal form of tularemia]. | clinical, laboratory and serologic features of tonsillopharyngeal form of tularemia in 14 patients were analyzed in the study. the disease was ignored under the diagnosis of typical tonsillopharyngitis followed by cervical lymphadenopathy. routine laboratory analyses results were non-specific and didn't reveal the disease etiology, while microagglutination test (mat) of f. tularensis in the second week of disease was positive in 86% of patients. skin tularin test was positive in all the tested p ... | 1997 | 9304282 |
| pneumonic tularemia in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. | we report the case of a 14-year-old boy with granulomatous pneumonia caused by francisella tularensis. in addition, an autosomal recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease was diagnosed. both f. tularensis and chronic granulomatous disease are associated with pulmonary granulomas. to our knowledge, this is the first report of f. tularensis infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. the relationship between these two processes is discussed. | 1997 | 9314451 |
| endosymbionts of ticks and their relationship to wolbachia spp. and tick-borne pathogens of humans and animals. | the presence, internal distribution, and phylogenetic position of endosymbiotic bacteria from four species of specific-pathogen-free ticks were studied. these included the hard ticks ixodes scapularis (the black-legged tick), rhipicephalus sanguineus (the brown dog tick), and haemaphysalis longicornis and the african soft tick ornithodoros moubata. pcr assays for bacteria, using two sets of general primers for eubacterial 16s and 23s rrna genes (rdnas) and seven sets of specific primers for wolb ... | 1997 | 9327557 |
| characterization of an endosymbiont infecting wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni, as a member of the genus francisella. | a microorganism (dermacantor andersoni symbiont [das]) infecting rocky mountain wood ticks (d. andersoni) collected in the bitterroot mountains of western montana was characterized as an endosymbiont belonging to the genus francisella. previously described as wolbachia like, the organism's dna was amplified from both naturally infected tick ovarial tissues and vero cell cultures by pcr assay with primer sets derived from eubacterial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and francisella membrane protein genes ... | 1997 | 9327558 |
| humoral immune response of cottontail rabbits naturally infected with francisella tularensis in southern illinois. | cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) usually are thought to succumb to infection with francisella tularensis. reports of a rabbit population from southern illinois (usa) with a high prevalence of f. tularensis antibodies suggested that some cottontails survived infection with this typically fatal bacterium. our goal was to examine the humoral response of cottontails from a study area in southern illinois for which multiple serum samples existed. multiple sera were collected from 79 cottont ... | 1997 | 9391956 |
| temperature-sensitive lesions in the francisella novicida vala gene cloned into an escherichia coli msba lpxk mutant affecting deoxycholate resistance and lipopolysaccharide assembly at the restrictive temperature. | the valab locus of francisella novicida has previously been found to be highly similar at the deduced amino acid level to msba lpxk of escherichia coli. both vala and msba are members of the superfamily of abc transporters, and they appear to have similar functions. in this study we describe the isolation of a temperature-sensitive valab locus. dna sequence analysis indicates that the only changes to the valab deduced amino acid sequence are changes of s453 to an f and t458 to an i in vala. e. c ... | 1997 | 9401020 |
| diagnostic exercise: illness, cutaneous hemorrhage, and death in two squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | 1997 | 9433702 | |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), in contrast to ticks (acari: ixodidae), do not carry francisella tularensis in a natural focus of tularemia in the czech republic. | in total, 9,167 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) and 1,987 ixodid ticks--1,423 dermacentor reticulatus (f.), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), and 60 haemaphysalis concinna koch--were examined in an active enzootic focus (floodplain forest-meadow ecosystem) of tularemia in south moravia. czech republic. although no f. tularensis was detected in mosquitoes or h. concinna, 30 isolates were recovered from d. reticulatus (infection rate, 2.1%) and 1 isolate from i. ricinus (infection rate, 0.2%). ixodid ticks, especi ... | 1997 | 9439120 |
| prevalence of francisella tularensis in dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected in adjacent areas of the czech and austrian republics. | a total of 1098 host-seeking adult dermacentor reticulatus ticks were examined in an active enzootic focus (floodplain meadow and forest ecosystem) of tularemia along the lower reaches of the thaya (dyje) river in south moravia (czech republic) and adjacent austria during the spring of 1996. twenty-five isolates of francisella tularensis were recovered (i.e., the overall minimum infection rate was 2.3%). the prevalence rate varied between 0.6% and 3.5% among four localities examined (two in mora ... | 1997 | 9457420 |
| [the genetic typing of strains in the genus francisella using universal probes]. | the determination of the genetic relationship of bacteria of the genus francisella and their differentiation is one of the topical tasks of the epidemiology and infectology of f. tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, belonging to this genus. to solve this task, investigation was carried out with a view to the determine the possibility of the genomic typing of francisella. genomic typing was based on the use of the hybridization of fragments of francisella chromosomal dna, split by restri ... | 1997 | 9460874 |
| tularemia pneumonia. | tularemia pneumonia may complicate the various clinical presentations of tularemia, or present as an uncommon zoonosis. approximately 200 cases of tularemia are reported in the united states per year, and 10% to 20% present with pneumonia either as a primary event or as a complication of ulceroglandular or typhoidal tularemia. tularemia pneumonia also occurs with the other tularemic forms, glandular, oculoglandular, and oropharyngeal tularemia as a result of secondary bacteremic spread to the lu ... | 1997 | 9097380 |
| evidence that eukaryotic triosephosphate isomerase is of alpha-proteobacterial origin. | we have cloned and sequenced genes for triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) from the gamma-proteobacterium francisella tularensis, the green non-sulfur bacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus, and the alpha-proteobacterium rhizobium etli and used these in phylogenetic analysis with tpi sequences from other members of the bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. these analyses show that eukaryotic tpi genes are most closely related to the homologue from the alpha-proteobacterium and most distantly related to archae ... | 1997 | 9037042 |
| serological survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in yellowstone national park, wyoming. | from october 1989 to june 1993, we captured and sampled 110 coyotes (canis latrans) for various diseases in yellowstone national park, wyoming (usa). prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv) was 100% for adults (> 24 months old), 100% for yearlings (12 to 24 months old), and 100% for old pups (4 to 12 months old); 0% of the young pups (< 3 months old) had antibodies against cpv. presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) was associated with the age of the coyote, ... | 1997 | 9027690 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in clinical specimens by use of polymerase chain reaction. | 1998 | 9524862 |