Publications

[lyme disease--a new infection from natural foci].		1988	2965619
[possibilities for preserving material for the serologic diagnosis of tick-borne borreliosis].		1988	3057339
[identification of borrelia isolated in the ussr from ixodes persulcatus schulze ticks].	the data on the identification of 7 spirochetal isolates from ixodes persulcatus ticks collected in leningrad province and the khabarovsk territory are presented. these isolates, studied with the use of monoclonal antibodies, have been shown to belong to borrelia burgdorferi.	1988	3072807
[suspected syphilis during pregnancy due to cross reactions in borrelia infection].	a weakly positive titre (1:20) in the treponema pallidum haemagglutination test and a highly positive titre (1:1280) in the fluorescence treponema antibody absorption test, but negative result for igm antibodies, were found in the serum of a 23-year-old pregnant woman. the cardiolipin microflocculation test was at first borderline positive, but negative on repeat. in the absence of a history of syphilis tests for borrelia antibodies were performed. those for antibodies against b. burgdorferi wer ...	1988	3048959
case records of the massachusetts general hospital. weekly clinicopathological exercises. case 51-1988. a 92-year-old woman with several cranial-nerve defects and weakness of the left leg.		1988	3059193
[acute and chronic borreliosis transmitted by ticks in europe].	ticks are direct pathogenic agents, and also transmit some infectious diseases such as borreliosis. clinical manifestations of borreliosis are multiple. they most often affect the skin, nervous system, joints and heart. cutaneous pseudolymphomas, erythema chronicum migrans of afzelius, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans of pick-herxheimer, meningo-radiculitis and various arthropathies are the most commonly encountered diseases.	1988	3059096
[a new type of spirochete infection: lyme disease].		1988	3071626
new borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant isolated from ixodes dammini from upstate new york.	a previously undescribed borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant was isolated from each of four ixodes dammini larvae removed from white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, captured in millbrook, n.y. this site is in the northern range of the known distribution of the tick in the northeastern united states. the molecular weights of approximately 32,500 and 35,500 for outer surface a and outer surface b proteins, respectively, were distinctly higher than those for previously characterized isolates f ...	1988	3183008
optic neuropathy in borrelia infection.		1988	3183410
laboratory aspects of lyme borreliosis.	lyme borreliosis (lyme disease), a common tick-borne disorder of people and domestic animals in north america and europe, is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. following the discovery and initial propagation of this agent in 1981 came revelations that other tick-associated infectious disorders are but different forms of lyme borreliosis. a challenge for the clinician and microbiology laboratory is confirmation that a skin rash, a chronic meningitis, an episode of myocarditis, or an a ...	1988	3069200
clinical and neuroimmunological findings in chronic borrelia burgdorferi radiculomyelitis (lyme disease).		1988	3058745
early and late cutaneous manifestations in ixodes-borne borreliosis (erythema migrans borreliosis, lyme borreliosis).		1988	3056204
[multiple neurologic manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infection].	the neurological spectrum of borrelia burgdorferi infections is still enlarging. we review epidemiological, pathological and serological data of lyme disease. the course of the disease is divided in three stages: stage 1 during the first month is characterised by erythema chronicum migrans and associated manifestations; stage 2 includes not only the classical european meningoradiculitis but also less specific neurological symptoms: isolated lymphocytic meningitis with an acute or even relapsing ...	1988	3070690
serologic diagnosis of lyme disease.	indirect fluorescent antibody tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays are being used as laboratory aids for the diagnosis of lyme disease and related disorders. depending on the needs, polyvalent or class-specific reagents can be used to detect total immunoglobulins (ig) or igm and igg antibodies. the sensitivities of these assays are relatively low when serum samples are obtained from patients within 3 weeks after onset of erythema migrans and are tested by either the ifa method or elisa. ...	1988	3056197
mammalian and avian reservoirs for borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3056198
antibiotic therapy of early european lyme borreliosis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.	in a study on 121 consecutive patients with erythema migrans, 65 patients obtained oral penicillin, 36 tetracyclines, and 20 amoxicillin-clavulanic-acid. follow-up was carried out for a median of 29, 17, and 7 months, respectively. in another limited trial on 29 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca), 14 patients received oral penicillin, 9 parenteral penicillin, and 6 tetracyclines. there was no statistically significant difference among treatment groups in both therapeutic tri ...	1988	3056202
new chemotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of lyme borreliosis.	1. it was demonstrated that while b. burgdorferi may be sensitive to relatively small concentrations of penicillin and ceftriaxone, the organism is killed slowly. this implies that, as in syphilis, prolonged blood levels of these drugs may be necessary in order to ensure cure. in contrast, the activity of tetracycline is more rapid in its action but is more dependent on drug concentration achieved. unfortunately, the mic and mbc for some strains are at or above the peak level achieved under opti ...	1988	3056203
[cutaneous b cell lymphoma in chronic borrelia burgdorferi infection. report of 2 cases and a review of the literature].	low-grade malignant b-cell lymphomas of the skin can be distinguished from lymphadenosis benigna cutis (bäfverstedt) by immunohistological methods developed in the last few years. its coexistence with borrelia burgdorferi infection can be shown by clinical and serological findings. in the chronic stage of this infection, lymphocytic cell infiltrations consistent with histological and immunohistological findings of malignant b-cell lymphoma can be found. predominantly at the extremities, multiple ...	1988	3072322
broad-host-range plasmid and m13 bacteriophage-derived vectors for promoter analysis in escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	a set of bacteriophage and plasmid vectors containing xyle as a reporter gene was constructed for the analysis of promoters functional in escherichia coli and in other gram-negative bacteria. two m13 bacteriophage derivatives, m13mvdx18 and m13mmk010, were designed for rapid cloning, screening and sequencing of dna fragments promoting transcription in e. coli. to demonstrate their utility, total cellular dna from a variety of bacterial species including pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao was shot ...	1988	3149945
the use of doxycycline in nervous system borrelia burgdorferi infection.	alternatives to high dose benzylpenicillin treatment are sought for in patients with mild borrelia burgdorferi nervous system infection. doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10-20 days was used in nine patients with radicular pains, vertigo or weakness in the legs caused by b. burgdorferi infection. the patients had suffered from neurologic symptoms for a median time of five months. in eight patients doxycycline was orally administered and in one intravenously. all nine patients had remission of r ...	1988	3166545
relapsing fever (borrelia) in an adolescent tourist in israel.	a case of an adolescent tourist who contracted relapsing fever (borrelia) in israel is presented. travel in an infested area, a fever of irregular nature, and a strong history of tick bites are clues to diagnosis.	1988	3170308
ability to ixodes scapularis, dermacentor variabilis, and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) to acquire, maintain, and transmit lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi).		1988	3193425
ixodes dammini: occurrence and prevalence of infection with borrelia spp. in minnesota.	the distribution of ixodes dammini in minnesota was studied by collecting adult ticks from hunting dogs during the grouse seasons in september and october of 1985 and 1986. the tick was most frequently found in the east-central part of the state. borrelia spp. were observed by immunofluorescence in 10% of the ticks. the locations where ticks were found coincide with the primary endemic areas for lyme disease in the state.	1988	3193571
[clinical picture of the acute period in tick-borne lyme borreliosis].		1988	3173244
host responses to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and horses.	by using paired sera the igm and igg host responses were analyzed in dogs with elisa and western blot techniques. antibodies in clinical seropositive dogs bound to 4-25 igm and up to 40 or more igg antigenic determinants. early igm response to the 41-kda flagellin persisted for at least 9 months and involved as many as seven other peptides. igg response expanded later in the disease and involved more immunogens than are currently recognized in late human disease. a percentage of asymptomatic dog ...	1988	3190094
lyme disease and related disorders.		1988	3190087
greater risk of borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs than in people.		1988	3198950
lyme borreliosis in romania.		1988	3202685
[chronic atrophic acrodermatitis as a late manifestation of lyme borreliosis].		1988	3174136
characterization of a circular plasmid from borrelia burgdorferi, etiologic agent of lyme disease.	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, was recently shown to contain plasmid dna. two plasmid species have been described in strain ct1, a wisconsin tick isolate: a 9.2-kilobase entity; and a larger, 70-kilobase entity. characterization of the 9.2-kilobase entity by using dnase i and restriction endonucleases demonstrated that the plasmid is supercoiled and exists as a stable dimer in this strain. the role played by the plasmid in b. burgdorferi is unknown.	1988	3183006
[recurrent fevers].		1988	3187258
lyme disease: antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and immune responses to them.		1988	3190088
the genes encoding major surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi are located on a plasmid.		1988	3190089
development of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid tick vectors.		1988	3190091
prospects for suppressing transmission of lyme disease.	a variety of methods have been developed to prevent human infection by the lyme disease spirochete in the northeastern united states, mainly based on the observations that nymphal ixodes dammini serve as vector, that deer serve as hosts for the reproductive stage of this tick, that white-footed mice serve as the reservoir of infection, and that nymphs are most abundant in early summer and must attach for 2 days before infection is transmitted. methods for personal protection included seasonal av ...	1988	3190093
[epidemiology of lyme disease].		1988	3187264
[ocular findings in tick borreliosis].	tick-transmitted borreliosis is by no means a rare infectious disease. it is found especially in southern parts of germany. eyes are seldom affected. the disease can lead to nerve palsy of the eye muscles. one case of panophthalmitis and one of optic disk edema have been described. the authors found a bilateral palsy of the abducens nerve in one patient with tick-transmitted borreliosis. motility normalized under therapy with highly-dosed penicillin.	1988	3184742
borrelia infection in patients with vertigo and sensorineural hearing loss.	tick-borne borrelia infection gives rise to symptoms from different organs. neurologic manifestations are common. the aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent the cochleovestibular functions are involved in this disease. a total of 73 patients with vertigo were studied. the patients had meniere-like conditions, positional vertigo or unilateral loss of the vestibular function. antibodies in serum to the borrelia spirochete were determined in the acute and convalescent periods. ten patient ...	1988	3227270
borrelia burgdorferi infection in wisconsin horses and cows.	blood samples from wisconsin horses and cows suspected of having clinical disease due to borrelia burgdorferi infection were submitted by veterinary practitioners. all serum, milk, colostrum, and synovial samples were tested for b. burgdorferi antibodies by immunofluorescence. whole blood, milk, colostrum, and synovial fluid samples were cultured for b. burgdorferi. records were kept on the clinical signs of antibody-positive animals, date of sample, and location of the animal by county. of the ...	1988	3190095
[transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from nymphs to imago in the tick ixodes persulcatus schulze].		1988	3229314
borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis.	this investigation defined the extent of borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus or p. maniculatis, were captured from sites in wisconsin, minnesota, and iowa and cultured for b. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern lyme disease area. all foci of b. burgdorferi infection (n1, n2, n3, and n4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus s2, which was south of the highway near fort mccoy, wis. the interst ...	1988	3230137
epidemiologic studies of lyme disease in horses and their public health significance.	a serologic survey of horses in the new jersey-pennsylvania area demonstrated that about 10% (6.2-14.2%) have significant levels of serum antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. however, in a highly endemic area of central new jersey, up to 60% of the mares and yearlings samples on one farm were seropositive. in 1983, sera from this same farm exhibited only 12% positives in mares and 35% positives in yearlings. longitudinal studies of paired sera obtained from individual yearlings over a 6-month perio ...	1988	3190097
experimental infection of the hamster with borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3190098
[predominant involvement of the central nervous system in a secondary form of borreliosis].	the clinical features of a patient with a secondary stage of borrelia burgdorferi infection are reported. severe symptoms and signs of central nervous involvement were present.	1988	3194610
borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with relapsing/remitting form and chronic progressive form of multiple sclerosis.	sera of 106 multiple sclerosis patients and 103 closely matched controls were examined for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. the prevalence rate in multiple sclerosis patients was 14.2%, in controls 25.2%. overall prevalence was 20.1%. mean igg antibody level was insignificantly higher in controls than in multiple sclerosis patients. patients with a chronic progressive course of multiple sclerosis had an insignificantly higher mean borrelia antibody level, when compared with those suffering from ...	1988	3225603
[borrelia burgdorferi encephalomyelitis].	we report two patients with chronic encephalomyelitis due to borrelia burgdorferi in whom the definite diagnosis was delayed because of atypical clinical features. the first patient presented with chronic spastic paraparesis, slight ataxia and nystagmus of several years' duration. a tentative diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was made in spite of important abnormalities of the csf biological characteristics. the second patient presented with an acute aphasia and a bilateral babinski's sign. he was ...	1988	3187297
clinical manifestations and diagnosis of neuroborreliosis.	lyme borreliosis has in a few years turned out to be a health problem not only in the united states, but also in many european countries. when it affects the nervous system, lyme borreliosis acts as the great disease imitator. because of this characteristic it is often difficult to diagnose on clinical grounds. patients with neuroborreliosis might appear within all medical disciplines. clinical markers, such as preceding tick bite and/or ecm, are important clues to the diagnosis. mononuclear ple ...	1988	3190103
borrelia burgdorferi in the nervous system: the new "great imitator".	there are many obvious similarities between lyme disease and syphilis. the major ones are their spirochetal etiology, the ability of the spirochetes to stay alive in human tissue for years, occurrence of clinical manifestations in stages, early disease in the skin and later disease in the brain, and susceptibility to antibiotic treatment. thus, one can assume that many of the same lessons learned from the centuries of experience with syphilis will apply to lyme disease. one of these lessons that ...	1988	3190104
segmented arrangement of borrelia duttonii dna and location of variant surface antigen genes.	the dna of an isolate of borrelia duttonii, an agent of relapsing fever is present as seven major species ranging in size from 10 kb to greater than 150 kb. additionally, this isolate contains low copy number species, both smaller and larger than these seven major elements. no one of these individual dna species obviously corresponds to the bacterial chromosome, unlike the situation in borrelia hermsii, another relapsing fever borrelia. thus it appears that b. duttonii has a unique segmented arr ...	1988	3246585
lyme disease in italy: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient.	a strain of borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a chronic form of polyarthritis. significant titers of specific anti-borrelia antibodies were not found. this is the first report of isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient in italy.	1988	3203735
[spirochetes isolated from the blood of three cases of lyme disease with neurologic abnormalities].		1988	3250099
neuroborreliosis in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.	nine cases of different types of morphea and two of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus were investigated for the presence of neurologic symptoms. the borrelia origin of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was verified by the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi and by the visualization of spirochetes on histologic sections by immunohistochemical methods. one patient had intrathecally synthesized igg antibodies against b. burgdorferi that indicated intrathecal infection. a secon ...	1988	3192771
diagnosing lyme disease: the contribution of serologic testing.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. the diagnosis is based on clinical findings in most patients, particularly those with erythema migrans or exposure to geographic locations endemic for the disease. detection of a specific antibody to b. burgdorferi is a useful confirmatory test in many patients. in atypical cases, however, a positive test result can be pivotal for determining the diagnosis and can lead to institution of definiti ...	1988	3193820
first isolations of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents collected in northern europe.	spirochetes were found in 13% of ixodes ricinus collected from an island, near stockholm where human borreliosis is endemic. borrelia burgdorferi was cultivated from the kidney and/or spleen of wild rodents (clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis) from the same island. spirochetes were identified as borrelia burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence assays using species and genus specific monoclonal antibodies. in these tests the spirochetes could not be differentiated from strains pr ...	1988	3190915
[the results of clinico-immunologic research on patients with tick-borne lyme borreliosis].		1988	3193922
seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi in a patient with juvenile arthritis in ontario, canada.	a seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was documented in a 5 year old girl from central ontario. our patient developed juvenile arthritis in january, 1984 when she was 14 months old. it was relatively well controlled with aspirin. her arthritis flared in april, 1986 at which time seroconversion to b. burgdorferi was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. she was treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin and has ...	1988	3204603
[antibody activity of csf oligoclonal igg in infectious neurological diseases. detection using immunoblotting].	the authors describe various applications of an immunoblot technique which allows the qualitative determination of the specific antibody activity of oligoclonal igg intrathecally synthesized in infectious diseases of the nervous system. after dilution of sera to the same igg concentration as the paired csf samples, 10 microliters of both fluids are applied side by side on agarose gel plates and isoelectrically focused. precipitated igg or specific igg antibodies are then blotted onto a nitrocell ...	1988	3206996
first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, from ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in berlin (west).	in 1984, two human cases of tick-borne lyme borreliosis with considerable neurologic involvement were reported in berlin (west). the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed. the ticks which had transmitted the borrelia were from berlin (west). in the autumn of 1985, 156 ticks were collected in forests of berlin (west) for the cultural detection of spirochetes by using bsk ii medium. three strains of spirochetes were isolated (from a pooled sample of two nymphs, and samples of o ...	1988	3213319
infections following tickbites. tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis--a prospective epidemiological study from tyrol.	we present here a prospective study on infections following tickbites in military recruits in the province of tyrol (austria). 84 recruits experienced tickbites and underwent clinical and serological examination twice at four-week intervals for signs of tick borne encephalitis (tbe)-virus or borrelia burgdorferi infections. 56 and 50 recruits could be evaluated for tbe-virus and borrelia infection, respectively. whereas no recruit was found with clinical or laboratory evidence of tbe-virus infec ...	1988	3215687
[the effectiveness of ciprofloxacin in bacterial skin infections].	ciprofloxacin in a low dosage of 250 mg twice a day was applied in the treatment of bacterial infections of the skin. all cultured staphylococci, streptococci, and pseudomonas proved to be highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin. the cases of pyoderma showed quick healing, but there were relapses of lyme borrelia within 6 weeks. as the titers of igm and igg steadily increased during the following months, additional therapy was necessary. the tolerance of ciprofloxacin was generally very good.	1988	3218288
lyme disease meningopolyneuritis simulating malignant lymphoma.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder resulting from infection by the tick-borne spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. fever, chills, malaise and headaches; a characteristic rash; and subsequent polyarthritis typically herald the onset of this condition. neurologic involvement may occur with skin and joint manifestations or present alone as meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculopathy known as bannwarth's syndrome. we report the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical fe ...	1988	3222255
[neuroborreliosis].	the principles of certain clinical symptoms first described at the beginning of the century are rediscovered again: erythema chronicum migrans after tick-bite followed by numerous neurological manifestations. meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth is recognized to be a central nervous system-manifestation of borrelian infection transmitted by tick-bites. in a period of 2 years we evaluated 15 patients with diagnosis neuroborreliosis. there is a good improvement after treatment with penicil ...	1988	3222964
relapsing fever in pregnancy: analysis of high-risk factors.	the diagnosis of tick-borne relapsing fever was established in 27 pregnant patients by demonstration of borrelia spirochaetes in a thick blood smear and the borrelia index was estimated to calculate the density of the spirochaetaemia. clinical findings are described and compared with those reported from rwanda. the results suggest that the density of the spirochaetaemia and the gestational age are the main high-risk factors.	1988	3191046
imported case of bannwarth's syndrome (chronic lymphocytic meningoradiculitis or lyme meningitis).		1988	3233679
[acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans and sclerodermiform skin changes in borrelia infection].	a female patient with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and widespread sclerodermiform skin lesions with a high igg antibody titer against borrelia burgdorferi is presented. the rapid improvement after high-dose penicillin g therapy and the course of the borrelia antibody titer suggest a persistence of the causative organism.	1988	3235338
complete heart block in a dog seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi. similarity to human lyme carditis.	lyme disease has been recognized in humans since 1975 when it was associated with an outbreak of oligoarthritis in children in lyme, connecticut. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) is a clinical marker for the human disease, which usually appears within 3 to 32 days after an infected tick bite. lyme disease is caused by spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, which is vectored by the hard ticks ixodes dammini or ixodes pacificus in the united states. in humans, lyme disease has been found to cause a var ...	1988	3225808
heterogeneity in immunoblot patterns obtained by using four strains of borrelia burgdorferi and sera from naturally exposed dogs.	this study evaluated the differences in immunoblot patterns when serum specimens from seropositive dogs were reacted against four strains of borrelia burgdorferi. intense bands were consistently detected for the 83-, 66-, 61- to 60-, 41-, and 31-kilodalton regions for all four strains. most variations were observed in the regions of 45 to 34 and 26 to 15 kilodaltons. adsorption studies suggested that one reason for the observed variability was a difference in proteins among the organisms, rather ...	1988	3235655
[lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome)].		1988	3191865
spirochetes in mammals and ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of lyme borreliosis in california.	in northern california, antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were detected in 58 of 73 (79%), and spirochetemias in one of 26 (4%) black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus californicus), by indirect and direct immunofluorescence, respectively. five species of ticks (dermacentor occidentalis, d. parumapertus, ixodes neotomae, i. pacificus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris) were collected from rabbits. two of these species of ticks were found to contain spirochetes; two of 10 (20%) i. neotomae ...	1988	3280837
cns-borreliosis selectively affecting central motor neurons.	a patient is described having borrelia burgdorferi spirochetal infection clinically affecting central motor neurons selectively and without any sensory impairment. diagnosis was based on elevated b. burgdorferi igg antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and titer normalization at clinical recovery. this occurred promptly and was complete after penicillin treatment despite 14 months of progressive central nervous system (cns) dysfunction, favouring the hypothesis of the presence of the orga ...	1988	3227803
the significance of eperythrozoon ovis in ill-thrift in sheep in the eastern cape coastal areas of south africa.	ill-thrift in sheep in the coastal region of the eastern cape is described. it is shown to be a complex problem attributable to many causes, most of which can be eliminated by supplementary feeding, drenching, vaccination, dipping and management. however, studies on the aetiology of ill-thrift in young sheep indicate that arthropod-borne anaemia-producing pathogens are an important contributing factor, which cannot readily be diagnosed and controlled. experiments were conducted on various farms ...	1988	3210217
[early summer meningoencephalitis, rickettsial diseases, borrelia infections: diseases carried by ticks].		1988	3287111
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in north carolina.	an indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 600 dogs in 1983 and 402 dogs in 1985. in 1983, the overall prevalence rate of dogs with b burgdorferi titers greater than or equal to 1:64 was 3.6%, whereas in 1985, the prevalence rate was 2.7%. an unexplainable higher seroprevalence was detected in 1 group of dogs tested in 1983. these dogs were from the southern coastal plains of north carolina. in the dogs tested in 1985, this region ...	1988	3288020
acquired transient autoimmune reactions in lyme arthritis: correlation between rheumatoid factor and disease activity.	lyme spirochaetal disease (lsd) is a complex multisystem disorder which has been recognized as a separate entity due to its close geographic clustering of affected patients. the study aimed at evaluating the clinical and immunological features of lsd with chronic symptoms of meningoradiculitis, carditis and pauciarticular arthritis. six patients with lsd and erosive arthritis who developed an increase of serum igm rheumatoid factor (rf) which correlated with the inflammatory activity of the dise ...	1988	3238365
the urinary bladder, a consistent source of borrelia burgdorferi in experimentally infected white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus).	white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, were experimentally infected in the laboratory with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. after mice were infected by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculation or by tick bite, attempts were made to culture spirochetes from the urinary bladder, spleen, kidney, blood, and urine. spirochetes were most frequently isolated from the bladder (94%), followed by the kidney (75%), spleen (61%), and blood (13%). no spirochetes were isolated fr ...	1988	3290239
[cerebrospinal fluid cytologic findings in children with borrelia infections (neuroborreliosis)].	the infection of the central nervous system by borrelia burgdorferi induces usually a mononuclear (lympho-mono-plasmocellular) cytogram of the cerebrospinal fluid in humans. the initial granulocytosis of the liquor cerebrospinalis typical for bacterial infections is transistory only. such cytologic findings may be misleading to a diagnosis as virus infection. in case of clinical signs (bannwarth syndrome), typical anamnesis or chronic lymphocytic meningitis the estimation of specific igg/igm bor ...	1988	3244809
[the clinical and serologic investigation in 15 cases of lyme disease].		1988	3246194
[etiologic diagnosis of cases of autochthonous borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease)].		1988	3249895
[erythema chronicum migrans caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1988	3251480
lyme borrelia positive serology associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	lyme borreliosis acquired during pregnancy may be associated with stillbirth and fetal malformations. this paper reports preliminary results of a study intended to evaluate the frequency of borrelia burgdorferi infection associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	1988	3252658
clinical presentation of louse-borne relapsing fever among ethiopian refugees in northern somalia.	louse-borne relapsing fever (lbrf) is still endemic among ethiopian populations. in order to assess the clinical presentation of lbrf in an ethiopian refugee camp in northern somalia, a referral system was organized for all pyrexias of unknown origin. among the 134 patients referred, 37 showed borrelia in fresh and stained blood smears. common clinical features were: high fever (above 39 degrees c in 73% of the cases), headache and general body pain (88%), liver tenderness (62%), petechia (54%), ...	1988	3257078
experimental lyme arthritis in rats infected with borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3258003
spirochetal antigens and lymphoid cell surface markers in lyme synovitis. comparison with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue.	using monoclonal antibodies to spirochetal antigenes and lymphoid cell surface markers, we examined the synovial lesions of 12 patients with lyme disease, and compared them with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue. the synovial lesions of lyme disease patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients were similar and often consisted of the elements found in normal organized lymphoid tissue. in both diseases, t cells, predominantly of the helper/inducer subset, were distributed diffusely i ...	1988	3258751
[determination of serum antibody to burgdorferi spirrila and its clinical application in lyme disease].		1988	3242760
measurement of antibodies to the borrelia burgdorferi flagellum improves serodiagnosis in lyme disease.	the isolation of borrelia burgdorferi flagella and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of immunoglobulin g (igg) and igm to the b. burgdorferi flagellum are described. the diagnostic performance of the flagellum elisa for serodiagnosis of lyme disease was compared with the performance of a traditional whole cell b. burgdorferi sonic extract elisa. we examined sera and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 56 patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome), the ...	1988	3343329
[tick-borne borrelia burgdorferi--frequent causative agent of peripheral facial paralysis].		1988	3290791
[prevalence of lyme borreliosis in a swiss population at risk].	the epidemiology of "lyme borreliosis" in europe and the significance of positive antibody titers against borrelia burgdorferi is not well known. since "orienteering", a competitive cross country sport with a map and a compass, usually in forests, elevates the risk of being bitten by ticks and infected by b. burgdorferi, nearly 1000 orienteerers were included in a prospective study. - in this population the prevalence of positive igg-antibodies (immunofluorescence technique) was almost 20% and o ...	1988	3344410
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans.	two cases of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection are reported; to our knowledge these are the first cases reported in children.	1988	3348655
borreliosis in free-ranging black bears from wisconsin.	blood, kidney and tick samples were obtained from 18 hunter-killed black bears (ursus americanus) from three sites in northern wisconsin. a borrelia sp., morphologically and antigenically similar to borrelia burgdorferi, was isolated from the blood of two of the animals, and from the kidney of a third. ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis were found on the bears. this is the first report of borreliosis in the ursidae, and of the primary vector of lyme disease, i. dammini, from this host.	1988	3373646
lyme disease: the latest great imitator.	lyme disease is caused by the spirochete b. burgdorferi. like its counterpart syphilis, it causes multisystem disease particularly affecting the skin, nervous system, heart and musculoskeletal system. it is endemic in several areas of the united states as well as in europe. the prompt recognition of this disease and its diverse manifestations should lead to early treatment and resolution. prevention is aimed at avoidance of the tick vector.	1988	3292999
borrelia infections of ruminants in europe.	the occurrence of borrelia spirochaetes in cattle in the netherlands is reported for the second time, and in red deer and roe-deer in austria for the first time. it is postulated that these spirochaetes are borrelia burgdorferi rather than b. theileri. the reservoir role of ruminants in the epidemiology of human disease caused by b. burgdorferi in europe should be investigated.	1988	3376412
specific immune responses in lyme borreliosis. characterization of t cell and b cell responses to borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3263829
association of hla-dr2 antigen with serum igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in bannwarth's syndrome.	the frequency of the hla-dr2 antigen in 33 patients with clinical symptoms and signs of bannwarth's syndrome was 33%, which was not significantly different from the 29% occurrence in 505 control subjects. however, all 11 hla-dr2-positive patients had elevated serum levels of igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, and these were present in 45% of 22 hla-dr2-negative patients (p = 0.004). in the 21 patients with anti-b. burgdorferi antibodies the frequency of hla-dr2 was 52%, which is signif ...	1988	3265432
lyme disease and its neurologic complications.	lyme disease is recognized as a cause of illness involving multiple organ systems. the transmission of the borrelia burgdorferi spirochete depends on a complicated vector life cycle, involving multiple mammalian and avian hosts. although the illness is reported worldwide, variable clinical presentations on different continents raise questions about disease mechanisms. multiple neurologic syndromes can occur alone or in combination, producing peripheral neuropathies, radiculopathies, myelopathies ...	1988	3276302
role of immunoglobulin g in killing of borrelia burgdorferi by the classical complement pathway.	the antibody and complement requirements for killing of borrelia burgdorferi 297 by normal human serum (nhs) and nhs plus immunoglobulin g (igg) were examined. b. burgdorferi activated both the alternative and classical complement pathways in nhs. in nhs chelated with 10 mm ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid plus 4 mm mgcl2 (mg-egta) to block classical pathway activation, consumption (activation) of total hemolytic complement, complement component 3 (c3), and c ...	1988	3276623
comparison of immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different antigen preparations for diagnosing early lyme disease.	we compared immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using different antigen preparations to test for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with early lyme disease. with immunoblotting, 16 (53%) of 30 patients had positive tests in acute-phase sera and 25 (83%) had them in convalescent-phase sera. among 64 controls, false-positive results were obtained in only three individuals with syphilis and in one hospitalized patient with renal allograft rejection. among ...	1988	3279140
borrelia burgdorferi borreliosis.		1988	3284861
[the spectrum of lyme borreliosis from the dermatologic viewpoint].	erythema chronicum migrans, lymphadenosis benigna cutis and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans represent the dermatological manifestations of the multi-organ disease lyme borreliosis. koch's requirements of evidence for an infectious disease, demonstration of the bacterium, transfer, and culture have proven borrelia burgdorferi to be the causative agent of the above mentioned skin diseases. this justifies a penicillin therapy, that has been administered in europe empirically for the last 30 yea ...	1988	3289873
use of an autologous antigen in the serologic testing of patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease.	we attempted to detect an early rise in antibody titers to borrelia burgdorferi in the serum of patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease by utilizing b. burgdorferi isolates obtained from patients' own skin lesions instead of the b31 reference strain. b. burgdorferi was isolated from nine of 23 skin biopsy specimens submitted for culture. elevated antibody titers were not detected in any of the 23 acute serum samples by immunofluorescence assay. the antigens derived from patient isolates w ...	1988	3290287
borreliosis in equids in northeastern united states.	during 1982 and 1985, blood samples from 705 equids were examined for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. by indirect immunofluorescence staining, igm and total immunoglobulin (igm and igg) antibodies were detected in 37 (5.3%) and 90 (12.8%) serum specimens, respectively. the geometric mean titer for igm antibody (140.4) was highest during july, whereas total immunoglobulin ranged from 94.1 in october to 338 in may. eighty-six equids with total immunoglobulin to b burgdorferi lived in areas of ...	1988	3282461