Publications

koilocyte frequency and prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus infection.		1986	2869284
risk factors for undescended testis.	the hypothesis that undescended testis is caused by an excess of maternal oestrogen in pregnancy has been tested indirectly in a case-control study comparing mothers of boys with undescended testis (83) and mothers of normal boys (129) born on the same day. the study concentrated on the gestation of the boys, but also investigated the mother's previous obstetric history and postnatal events in the boys. the hypothesis predicted that there should be an excess of nausea, vomiting and hypertension ...	1986	2873109
hydatidiform mole in england and wales 1973-83.	the number of cases of hydatidiform mole (hm) registered annually in england and wales has risen since 1973 to 1.54 per 1000 live births in 1983. for women over 50 the risk per pregnancy was 411 times and for girls under 15 it was six times greater than that for women aged 25-29. 7.75% of patients had chemotherapy for invasive mole or choriocarcinoma. patients who had had oxytocin-induced or prostaglandin-induced uterine evacuation or hysterotomy were more likely to need chemotherapy. human chor ...	1986	2876145
consent and prisoners.	a recent court of appeal decision has emphasized to british physicians the importance of ensuring that prisoners under their care have given uncoerced consent to treatment. body fluid taken from alleged rapist alfred robert apicella in the course of treatment for gonorrhea was later used as evidence against him. unbeknownst to his prison doctors, apicella had submitted to an examination only after a prison officer told him he had no choice in the matter. citing an earlier decision, r. v. sang ...	1986	3080154
sexual abuse of children in leeds.	temporal trends in physical and sexual abuse of children within a geographically defined area were examined, and cases of suspected sexual abuse referred to paediatricians during 1984 were studied in detail. after remaining static for four years referrals due to all types of abuse trebled between 1979 and 1984, and referrals due to sexual abuse increased from none to 50 a year. in 1984, 50 children (39 girls) aged 1-16 were referred because of possible sexual abuse. abuse was confirmed or consid ...	1986	3084024
the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and epidemic of infection with human immunodeficiency virus: costs of care and prevention in an inner london district.	the epidemic of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) necessitates early planning of services and allocation of resources. the use of hospital resources by patients with aids and the planned additional costs of clinical and preventive services for the epidemic of infection with hiv were calculated for an inner london health district that has treated 18% of the cases in the united kingdom. patients with aids required on average 50 day ...	1986	3091176
the proteus syndrome: the elephant man diagnosed.	sir frederick treves first showed joseph merrick, the famous elephant man, to the pathological society of london in 1884. a diagnosis of neurofibromatosis was suggested in 1909 and was widely accepted. there is no evidence, however, of café au lait spots or histological proof of neurofibromas. it is also clear that joseph merrick's manifestations were much more bizarre than those commonly seen in neurofibromatosis. evidence indicates that merrick suffered from the proteus syndrome and had the fo ...	1986	3092979
denis browne: colleague (1892-1967).	the purpose of this character study is not to assess the achievements of this great paediatric surgeon but to describe this extraordinary, adventurous, rebellious and difficult man, his intelligence, intellectual curiosity and intense interest in technical problems, as well as his bluntness of manner which was confusing and irritating to some of his colleagues. denis browne is described as a shy and sensitive nature, which made it difficult for him to establish ordinary human relationships, but ...	1986	3095883
modelling population changes in small english urban areas.	the authors examine processes underlying the growth of small urban areas in england. "there is evidence of 'people-led' growth in environmentally attractive locations (for example, through retirement migration). however, growth of small- and medium-sized towns also reflects employment decentralisation and deconcentration to freestanding or satellite towns, and the extension of commuter hinterlands.... government policies encouraging growth are also demonstrated to be significant." the processes ...	1986	12340785
victorian values and the fertility decline: the case of scotland.	the author examines the final phase of the demographic transition in scotland during the late nineteenth century. particular attention is given to explanations developed by joseph banks concerning the fertility decline in england and wales. banks's analysis is reevaluated by applying it to data for scotland. no clear pattern of fertility by occupation is found. it is suggested instead that both family size limitation and emphasis on higher education were results of value reorientations.	1986	12341337
post-war fertility and female labour force participation rates.	"this paper provides an explanation for the change in fertility and female labour supply over the post-war period [in england and wales]. a model of fertility and labour force participation is outlined and estimated over the period 1953-82 for six age groups of women. the most significant factors to influence fertility and participation are found to be male and female earnings and education. interest rates, number of children and the state of the labour market are also important."	1986	12280699
men too--a retrospective view of the family planning association's male responsibility campaign.	england's family planning association's (fpa) men too campaign evolved from the recognition that men seemed to receive less support and encouragement than women in their involvement in the emotional aspects of relationships, family planning, and child rearing. created out of a concern for balancing the selective attention given to men and women, the longterm goal of the men too campaign was to support the growing number of men who are concerned about increasing their participation in emotional ...	1986	12178355
animal experiments: conference report.	researchers who use animal subjects and representatives from the royal society for the prevention of cruelty to animals and moderate antivivisection groups held a press seminar in london in june 1986. their intention was to correct what is seen by scientists as the misinforming of the public by the press, which tends to highlight confrontations between researchers and animal rights advocates. dawson summarizes the major issues discussed, which included a proposal that local review committees b ...	1986	11652463
office furniture. are you sitting comfortably?		1986	10276782
health museums or theme parks: a new approach to intersectoral collaboration.	this paper is an outline of a proposed initiative on intersectoral collaboration in health promotion--collaboration between health, tourist, cultural and entertainment sectors to provide a powerful mass educational experience about the human mind and body. there has been a recent rise in interest in using the technology of museums, science centres, exploratories and theme parks for the promotion of health. this revival is shown to have a historical tradition in the health education museum starte ...	1986	10286864
science and trans-science in radiation risk assessment: child cancer around the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at sellafield, u.k.	the assessment of health risks to the population from radionuclides in the environment is a complex and as yet incomplete science: biogeochemical mechanisms of environmental transfer and concentration are poorly understood; models of radionuclide metabolism rely largely on inconclusive and contradictory experiments with animals, and the principles by which results may be extrapolated to humans are unknown; uncertainties in the dosimetry of alpha-emitters in children and the foetus are acute; and ...	1986	3764411
racial policy. uphill struggle against injustice.		1987	10280260
severely disabled newborns: to live or let die?		1987	11644153
local authority fiscal stance and the pattern of residential migration in the north west of england.	the degree of fiscal mobility present in household migration flows between local authority areas in northwestern england is assessed. following an introduction, the paper is divided into three sections. "the first reviews the methodologies of previous attempts to assess the extent of fiscally induced migration, noting the dominance of american studies, and outlines a choice-theoretic structure within which it is possible to model human migration patterns. section iii considers the problems inh ...	1987	12281218
unemployment and child abuse.	the employment state of men living in the homes of children at the time that child abuse was diagnosed was determined. the series included a wide range of abuse, including non-accidental injury, failure to thrive, neglect, and emotional deprivation. two cohorts of children seen during 1974-9 and 1980-5 were compared; these periods were chosen because a large increase in unemployment began in sheffield in 1980. although the proportion of the men without work was significantly increased during the ...	1987	3107699
acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who live in britain.	all acute admissions of patients with sickle cell disease who lived in the london borough of brent and attended this hospital were analysed for a period of one year. sixty three of the 211 patients who were followed up by the haematology department required 161 acute admissions during the year. most admissions (126) were for the 42 patients with homozygous sickle cell disease; 147 (91%) were for vaso-occlusive episodes, 142 of which were for painful crises, three for cerebrovascular accidents, a ...	1987	3109583
interim results of surveillance for nanbh in patients receiving heated concentrates produced in england.	coagulation factor concentrates prepared in england are all subjected to heating in solution or in the lyophilised state. concentrates of factor viii, factor ix (ii and x), factor vii and factor xi are terminally heated in the lyophilised state at 80 degrees c for 72 h but the current fibrinogen concentrate withstands only 70 degrees c for 24 h. 33 patients receiving factor viii concentrate (code 8y) and factor ix concentrate (code 9a) for the first time have had regular liver function tests (lf ...	1987	3111910
hiv testing: changing trends at a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases in london.	trends in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) counselling and antibody testing at a london clinic for sexually transmitted diseases showed substantial changes over a 12 month period. from around 100 a month in the summer of 1986 the numbers of people attending rose substantially to 276 in october 1986 and 475 in november at the time of the campaign in the popular press. they rose further still, to 700, at the time of aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) week in march 1987. in april they fel ...	1987	3115372
hiv infection: increase in public awareness and anxiety.	between the end of september and mid-november 1986 the number of patients who requested antibody testing for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) at this department increased by over 300%. this increase followed a media campaign that emphasised the potential heterosexual spread of hiv. after pretest counselling roughly one quarter of the women and of the heterosexual men decided not to be tested. the reason given most often by women for testing was previous sexual intercourse with bisexual or poss ...	1987	3115373
when a man is tired of london he is tired of life.		1987	3119011
the regulation of nursing homes: a comparative perspective.	britain and the united states alike face the question of how best to protect the growing and vulnerable population of nursing home residents through state regulation of private institutions. despite marked differences in scale, organization, and financing between the two nations, there are striking similarities in the problems encountered and in styles of enforcement adopted in response. analysis of the regulatory systems in practice shows a convergence in the regulatory process despite the diss ...	1987	3119973
human immunodeficiency virus infection in two cohorts of homosexual men: neutralising sera and association of anti-gag antibody with prognosis.	sequential sera from 48 subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-i) were examined over 36 months for the presence of neutralising antibodies, and for specific anti-gag (p24) and anti-env (gp41) antibodies to hiv-i. results were interpreted in terms of clinical outcome during the period 1982/3 to 1985/6. hiv-i-infected subjects who remained symptom-free, by comparison with those who manifested aids or aids-related complex (arc), had a significantly higher titre of anti-p24 ...	1987	2879968
prevalence of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus, gonorrhoea rates, and changed sexual behaviour in homosexual men in london.	the prevalence of antibody against human immunodeficiency virus (anti-hiv), which rose among british homosexual/bisexual men attending a london sexually-transmitted-disease clinic from 3.7% (4/107) in march, 1982, to 21% (26/124) in july, 1984, was 18.1% (17/94) in april/may 1985, 24.5% (61/249) in january, 1986, and 25.3% (25/99) in november/december, 1986. this slower rise in anti-hiv prevalence coincided with a fall in the annual gonorrhoea rate from 15.3% in 1982 to 5.1% in the first half of ...	1987	2882084
occurrence and properties of fy(att25)+ escherichia coli associated with diarrhoea in calves.	escherichia coli producing the adhesive antigen fy(att25) were isolated from 46 of 1341 (3.4 per cent) e coli isolated from calves on 20 of 164 (12.1 per cent) farms in scotland and england. twenty of the 46 calves had diarrhoea and in nine of these animals there were mixed infections with rotavirus, coronavirus, cryptosporidium and salmonella typhimurium. the f41 fimbrial adhesin was found on one of the fy(att25)+ e coli. this strain also produced heat stable enterotoxin. the remaining fy(att25 ...	1987	2889286
effect of two disinfectant treatments on laboratory analyses.	inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the retrovirus associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), can be achieved both by heating at 56 degrees c and by chemical disinfection with beta-propiolactone (bpl). such treatment of specimens from patients with suspected aids or antibodies to hiv could reduce any occupational risk to laboratory staff. this study demonstrates the effects of these treatments on laboratory analyses. heat treatment of plasma caused clinically ...	1987	2821254
an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a home for the elderly associated with astrovirus type 1 and human calicivirus.	we describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis, which lasted for 22 days in a residential home for the elderly. the outbreak was biphasic and affected 34/42 (80%) residents and 13/29 (44%) members of the staff. calicivirus was associated with cases of illness during the first 9 days of the outbreak, and astrovirus type 1 with cases arising between days 16 to 22. although the symptoms were generally mild, the resources required and the inconvenience caused were considerable.	1987	2826678
pruritus in parvovirus infection.	an outbreak of slapped cheek syndrome (erythema infectiosum) occurred in chepstow between march and june 1986. about 50 children with the illness were seen in one general practice. during the same period five women in the practice developed arthritis associated with human parvovirus infection and four of them suffered marked pruritus. it is suggested that if pruritus is a feature in any patient with an acute onset arthritis, parvovirus infection should be considered as a possible cause.	1987	2826779
brenner homes in on the human genome.		1987	3821882
occurrence and transfection of a giardia virus.	the presence of virus-derived rna was investigated in 38 axenically growing giardia isolates from different geographic areas. the rna virus was demonstrated in giardia strains from humans in the u.s.a., england and the majority of strains from poland. two strains isolated respectively from a cat and a cavia also contained it. giardia strains from humans in belgium and israel did not contain this rna virus. transfection of the rna virus was accomplished from english and polish strains, as well as ...	1987	3574350
men in nursing. man appeal.		1987	3648721
a chromosome supplement to the london dysmorphology database.	a supplement to the computerised database for the diagnosis of rare dysmorphic syndromes described by winter et al is presented, which includes a list of syndromes occurring in patients with unbalanced chromosome aberrations. the extension of the original programme is based on schinzel's catalogue of unbalanced chromosome aberrations in man.	1987	3656373
epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the isle of man--1: a case controlled study.	a case controlled study of 96 cases of sarcoidosis has been carried out in the isle of man. age and sex matched controls were selected at random from the pathology and radiology records, which cover 85% of the resident population, and a second control group was drawn from a tuberculosis register. special efforts were made to achieve a high level of ascertainment. in this study most cases occurred in young adults. it affected the sexes equally and occurred more frequently in the indigenous manx p ...	1987	3660300
epidemiology of sarcoidosis in the isle of man--2: evidence for space-time clustering.	the case-control test for space-time clustering developed by pike and smith was applied to 96 cases of sarcoidosis diagnosed in the isle of man from 1962 to 1983. there were significantly more links between cases separated by time intervals of less than 10 years and distances of less than 100 metres than between the others. analysis of the type of links indicated that clusters consisted of pairs whose contact was by place of residence or work. more linked cases were diagnosed less than three yea ...	1987	3660301
group l beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection in meat handlers: another streptococcal zoonosis?	group l, beta-haemolytic streptococci can cause infection in dogs, pigs, cattle and sheep but there have been very few reports in man. in studies of skin infection in meat handlers we cultured group l streptococci from clinically infected wounds, impetigo and paronychia of 15 patients involved in the slaughter and processing of chickens and pigs. staphylococcus aureus was also present in eight (53%) of the lesions. at least five other infections with group l streptococci in meat and animal handl ...	1987	3678390
a new serovar mogdeni of serogroup tarassovi of leptospira interrogans isolated from a sewage plant in england.	among 30 strains of leptospires isolated from samples of sewage taken before and during treatment at two sewage plants in england, only one appeared to belong to leptospira interrogans, the species that comprises the leptospires that are pathogenic to man and animals. that strain, compton 746, was isolated from settled sewage, before treatment at a treatment plant that deals mainly with human sewage. it was shown serologically to belong to serogroup tarassovi and appears to represent a new serov ...	1987	3678398
british government rekindles debate on embryo research.		1987	3685982
the future of local ethical research committees.		1987	3820159
john hunter: the first surgical scientist.	john hunter was a brilliant surgeon and teacher, the father of scientific surgery and surgical pathology and founder of the world-renowned hunterian museum. this essay attempts to answer the following questions. who was this man? how did he achieve such a remarkable station? why was he loved by some yet detested by others? when did the poor student start to become the superb teacher? how did he manage to collect the thousands of specimens he left in his museum? what is it about hunter that makes ...	1987	3545417
a centennial note on waller and the first human electrocardiogram.		1987	3551574
the man behind the eponym. sir jonathan hutchinson. an obstinate genius.		1987	3551657
exploitation of the insane in the new world. benoni buck, the first reported case of mental retardation in the american colonies.	documenting the early history of mental illness in north america is complicated by the absence of colonial institutions specializing in the care or management of the insane. however, during the first half of the 17th century, a single authority existed in england, the court of wards and liveries (1540-1660), with responsibility for appointing guardians for the mentally disabled. in 1637, benoni buck, a man with severe mental retardation, was referred to this court from jamestown, va. the ensuing ...	1987	3555384
the phenotypic frequencies of group specific component and alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein in three ethnic groups. the use of these proteins as racial markers in forensic biology.	the phenotypic frequencies of group-specific component (gc) and alpha-2-hs-glycoprotein (a2hs) were determined in white european, asian and afro-caribbean populations. typical allele frequencies were observed for gc, with gc 1s being the major allele for the first two groups and gc 1f being the major allele for afro-caribbeans. for all groups the dominant a2hs allele was a2hs 1, although asians had a significantly higher proportion of this allele than the white europeans. gc and a2hs either sing ...	1987	3480849
the changing incidence of human hydatid disease in england and wales.	the incidence of hospital-diagnosed human hydatid disease acquired in the uk was estimated from a survey based on hospital activity analysis data for the period 1974-83. the average annual incidence in wales was 0.4 per 100,000 population compared with 0.02 per 100,000 in england. within wales, powys, and particularly brecknock, had the highest incidence (7 per 100,000 per year). compared with the period 1953-62, the average annual incidence for wales fell by half (from 0.8 to 0.4 per 100,000 pe ...	1987	3428374
ethnic variation in respiratory morbidity and lung function in childhood.	in a population of 5689 primary schoolchildren there were few important differences between children of european (n = 5287), african (n = 198), and indian origin (n = 204) in the prevalence of a history of past respiratory illnesses or current respiratory symptoms. the reported 12 month period prevalence of the symptom "ever wheezy" was 15%, 18%, and 17% respectively in the three ethnic groups (differences not significant). in a subsample of 973 european, 47 african, and 40 indian children force ...	1987	3438898
a hundred years of progress in electrocardiography. 1: early contributions from waller to wilson.	the 1887 introduction of electrocardiography as a noninvasive investigative technique on man by augustus waller, and wilhelm einthoven's electrocardiograph from 1901 remain the two major landmarks in the 100-year history of electrocardiography. the progress in our knowledge of the mechanism and interpretation of the ecg has evolved throughout these 100 years in a succession of relatively small steps contributed by many unsung heroes, although often even relatively minor contributions by a few do ...	1987	3322535
q fever in the united kingdom and ireland.	in britain, q fever in man was first reported in 1949. two years later a serological survey of cattle revealed a prevalence of infection of 2.1%. in the 1970's prevalences of 4.5% and 3.1% were encountered respectively in cows that had aborted or calved normally in central england. in sheep, antibodies to c. burnetii have been detected in approximately 2.8% of sera examined for diagnostic purposes and 0.6% of sheep awaiting export. since 1975 fewer than 10 incidents of c. burnetii associated dis ...	1987	3324568
galvayne: the mystery surrounding the man and the eponym.		1987	3324827
the human m.o.t.: how oxfordshire is fighting heart disease.		1987	3328083
parvovirus infection in hospital practice.	eleven cases of human parvovirus (hpv) infection were diagnosed on the basis of positive igm serology over a 9-month period in two london hospitals. these cases accounted for almost 30% of viral illness in which hpv serology had been requested. ten of the cases presented with joint symptoms and/or rash and one case presented with evidence of a severe autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. six patients had lymphadenopathy. clinical and laboratory features of the cases are presented. hpv dna was sought bu ...	1987	3028563
infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and cytomegalovirus in a london health district 1980-4.	by testing serum samples taken between 1980 and 1984 from men attending a department of sexually transmitted diseases, it was shown that antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) first appeared in 1981. homosexual men were significantly more likely to have antibodies to hiv and to cytomegalovirus (cmv) than were heterosexual men attending the same clinic. this shows that homosexuals are exposed to both hiv, the cause of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), and to cmv, which can ...	1987	3028935
human factors in accidents.		1987	3304376
alexander m. kellas and the physiological challenge of mt. everest.	alexander m. kellas (1868-1921) was a british physiologist who made pioneering contributions to the exploration of everest and to the early physiology of extreme altitudes, but his physiological contributions have been almost completely overlooked. although he had a full-time faculty position at the middlesex hospital medical school in london, he was able to make eight expeditions to the himalayas in the first two decades of the century, and by 1919 when the first official expedition to everest ...	1987	3305469
sir william petty: modern epidemiologist (1623-1687).	william petty, physician, epidemiologist, political economist, demographer, cartographer, and administrator was an intellectual product of the seventeenth century. petty was born in the year 1623 in romsey, england of lower middle class parents; however, by the time of his death in 1687 he had become a knight of the realm, founder of the royal society, and friend of kings. petty's life reflected the northern renaissance which induced such dramatic changes in science, technology, politics, and en ...	1987	3305597
famous ent surgeons of the past.	history teaches us that the development of medicine and surgery, like most human activities, has not been a steady uniform process, but has occurred mainly in a series of dramatic forward spurts separated by long periods of relative inertia. we are certainly living through such an active phase today with evidence of rapid technological change all around us, and there is a tendency to believe that the rate of progress has never been greater; but this is, however, a misconception, as the golden ag ...	1987	3312448
employers, the government, and industrial fatigue in britain, 1890-1918.	the evolution of the concept of industrial fatigue and the responses of employers and the government in britain to research initiatives in this field of industrial medicine up to the end of the first world war is explored. the discussion dovetails in with the broader debate about the characteristics and dissemination of scientific labour management in britain. the first section focuses on attitudes towards human energy expenditure and overwork in the nineteenth century. following this is a discu ...	1987	3318915
historical aspects of electrocardiography.	one hundred years ago, augustus desiré waller recorded the human electrocardiogram for the first time, using a capillary electrometer. electrocardiography only became clinically relevant in 1901 when willem einthoven devised his string galvanometer for this purpose. sir thomas lewis was the key figure in showing the value of the electrocardiography for the diagnosis of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction, but many others amplified the technique to encompass the assessment of structural he ...	1987	3319160
some specimens from william clift's copy of matthew baillie's the morbid anatomy of the human body (1799-1802).	recently in reproducing matthew baillie's classic atlas of morbid anatomy using an almost complete set of the original drawings of william clift an attempt was made to give a modern diagnosis of all the conditions illustrated. some of the many memorable specimens are here described and illustrated. the morbid anatomy of the human body is published by melbourne university press.	1988	3052400
incidence and nature of human tuberculosis due to bovine tubercle bacilli in south-east england: 1977-1987.	a total of 201 new cases of tuberculosis due to bovine tubercle bacilli was confirmed in south-east england between 1977 and 1987 inclusive. this represents about 1% of all cases of tuberculosis in this region. most cases occurred amongst older individuals of indigenous white british origin, although some younger patients of southern european and indian subcontinent ethnic origin were also diagnosed. the lung was the most frequent site of disease, followed by the genito-urinary tract. in view of ...	1988	3053216
historical vignette #9. little big man: the life and genius of william john little (1810-1894).	william john little had in many respects a unique career. he suffered childhood poliomyelitis with residual left lower extremity paraparesis, complicated by severe talipes. as a youth he was an apothecary's apprentice, surrendering his indentures at the age of 18 and entering medical school at the london hospital. he was admitted to the royal college of surgeons in 1832. he later travelled to germany to study the technique of subcutaneous tenotomy with its originator, louis stromeyer, who subseq ...	1988	3060808
historical aspects of anxiety.	although the syndromes of anxiety have only been recognized this century, the belief that the emotion of fearful apprehension could cause physical illness has a much longer history. james vere wrote his book entitled "a physical and moral enquiry into the causes of that internal restlessness and disorder in man which has been the complaint of all ages" in 1778. the earliest accounts of phobia, as anxiety associated with specific circumstances have been ascribed to two cases from hippocrates, whi ...	1988	3064064
cum hastis sic clypeatis: the turbulent history of the condom.	the recommendation of the surgeon general of the us public health service that individuals use the condom to prevent the risks of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and transmission has been poorly received. many oppose it on the basis of the perception that condoms would promote continued sexual activity when the solution to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is to discourage such activity. others raise questions about the efficacy of condoms in preventing hiv infection. fu ...	1988	3069159
screening for cervical dysplasia in department of genitourinary medicine.	in 632 patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (std) clinic who were colposcoped because they were in certain high risk groups for cervical neoplasia, and irrespective of cytological findings, 13 out of 51 biopsied had false negative cytology results. human papilloma virus (hpv) was the most important sexually transmitted agent associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin), but hpv was also present in most patients with false negative (11/13) and false positive (11/14) cytol ...	1988	3169756
just world beliefs and attitudes toward helping elderly people: a comparison of british and canadian university students.	social science students from a british university and a canadian university were studied to determine the relationship between their beliefs in a just world and their attitudes toward helping elderly people who have social, economic or health needs. approximately 30 percent of the british students (n = 71) and 50 percent of the canadian students (n = 124) expressed a belief in a just world. in both groups, just world believers blamed elderly people for being in poor health or financial circumsta ...	1988	3170015
campylobacters in man and the environment in hull and east yorkshire.	campylobacter organisms isolated from water samples taken weekly from ponds and land-drains in the city of hull were compared with isolates from humans. of 314 campylobacter organisms isolated from patients, 237 (75.5%) of the strains were identified as typical campylobacter jejuni, whilst of 125 identified strains isolated from the water samples, 85 (68%) resembled c. jejuni in most respects but were hippurate hydrolysis negative by the hwang and ederer method. the ponds and land drains in the ...	1988	3181312
the aviation psychology program at raf upper heyford.	an aviation psychology program was started in september, 1985 at raf upper heyford, with the focus on teaching flight commanders and their wives to recognize and deal with aircrew member and family stress. the overall goal is to prevent aircraft accidents and mishaps caused by human factor errors. case reports are presented which demonstrate the value of the aviation psychologist becoming integrated in the flying community. the program has been successful, but needs further commitment and suppor ...	1988	3190626
the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. introduction.		1988	3222700
the shipman report. an investigation in cadmium contamination and its implications for human health.		1988	3222701
the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. health studies.		1988	3222702
the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. metal contamination at shipham.		1988	3222703
the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. discussion and conclusions.		1988	3222704
the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. metal content of soils and dusts.		1988	3222705
the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. metal availability.		1988	3222706
the shipham report. an investigation into cadmium contamination and its implications for human health. intakes of metal.		1988	3222707
prostitution in sheffield: differences between prostitutes.	this study to assess differences between street walking prostitutes and sauna girls who attended this clinic in 1986 and 1987 showed that fewer street walkers used barrier methods for disease prevention with clients or accepted tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) when offered and more street walkers practised their profession in both sheffield and london. they therefore represent a potential pathway for the heterosexual spread of hiv to the region. trichomonas vaginalis was ...	1988	3224974
genetic and morphometric variances in three human populations.	data from three human populations were used to investigate the putative relationship between genetic and morphological variances. there was no evidence to support the hypothesis that individuals heterozygous at a small number of marker loci are more often near the mean for anthropometric characters than are homozygotes. in one population (otmoor), apparent support for the hypothesis was due to the confounding factors of correlations between anthropometric traits and population subdivision. it is ...	1988	3248007
a study of hla-a, b, dr and bf bearing haplotypes derived from 304 families resident in the north west of england.	we report here haplotype frequencies for class i (hla-a, b), class ii (hla-dr) and class iii (bf) gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) of man. as in other studies (bertrams & baur, 1979; grange et al., 1981), we have chosen to document all families typed for hla antigens and bf phenotypes irrespective of ascertainment. we obtained 1,094 haplotypes from 304 families resident in the north west of england, of which 34.1% had been fully typed for hla-a,b,dr and bf polymorphism ...	1988	3250976
incidence and types of acute viral hepatitis in newcastle upon tyne.	the incidence and types of viral hepatitis in the city of newcastle upon tyne have been studied by serological analysis of (a) all blood samples sent to the virological laboratory for hepatitis testing and (b) all blood samples sent by general practitioners to the biochemical laboratory for liver function testing. the annual detection rate of acute viral hepatitis was found to be 31.5 cases/100,000 population, of which 9.1 were hepatitis b. only three sporadic cases of non-a non-b hepatitis were ...	1988	3255933
james barry, m.d., inspector general of hospitals. man or woman?		1988	3277326
low-dose rate irradiation.	there are a number of rather obvious conclusions from these experimental data that have implications in clinical radiotherapy: (1) survival curves for cells of human origin, in general, have a smaller initial shoulder and exhibit greater sensitivity to ionizing radiation than cells of rodent origin. (2) nevertheless, the response of human cells to gamma-rays, in a fractionated or low-dose schedule, is dominated by repair. (3) radiosensitivity, as well as the repair of sublethal damage as evidenc ...	1988	3280412
[the man behind the "tube": his dissertation on intratracheal anesthesia was rejected because of insignificant practical use].		1988	3280925
poultry meat as a source of human salmonellosis in england and wales. epidemiological overview.		1988	3281852
psychiatry and the seven ages of man.		1988	3286863
[the man behind the syndrome: thomas addison. one of the 3 giants at guy's hospital--he introduced science to diagnostics].		1988	3287062
the extent of surface contamination of retailed chickens with campylobacter jejuni serogroups.	eighty-two chickens purchased at 11 retailers (supplied by 12 wholesalers) in the south of england were cultured for campylobacter jejuni by a method involving total immersion. the organism was isolated from 22 (48%) of 46 fresh birds, 12 of 12 uneviscerated (new york dressed) birds, but only 1 of 24 frozen birds. viable counts of up to 1.5 x 10(6)/chicken were obtained from fresh birds and 2.4 x 10(7)/chicken from uneviscerated birds. surface swabbing of breasts, thighs, wings and vents of fres ...	1988	3338503
the prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus b19 in england and wales.	the prevalence of antibody to human parvovirus b19 (anti-b19 igg) in england and wales was measured by an antibody-capture radioimmunoassay. over 2000 sera were examined; 1422 from the general population, 374 from unselected children admitted to hospital and 300 from women attending an antenatal clinic. waning levels of maternally-derived antibody were found in infants under 1 year old. in children 1-5 years old, 5-15% had anti-b19 igg and this rose to 50-60% in older children, young adults and ...	1988	3339634
tapping health care resources: a comparison of us and uk strategies.	the united kingdom and the united states are both facing dramatic changes in health care delivery and resource allocation, brought about by advanced technology, limited financial (and in some cases human) resources and conflicting values regarding the right to health care. the differences and similarities of their health care systems provide a favourable research environment for comparing how the two countries acquire and allocate their respective health care resources. for the purpose of such a ...	1988	3343086
plutonium and americium uptake in rats fed with cumbrian shellfish--implications for estimates of dose to man.	winkles (littorina littorea) and mussels (mytilus edulis) collected on the cumbrian coast contain americium-241 and isotopes of plutonium discharged from the nuclear-fuel reprocessing plant at sellafield. shellfish have been fed to rats and measurements made of the gastrointestinal absorption of the actinides. for shellfish collected over a 1-year period from march 1983 to february 1984, the average values for the fractional absorption of plutonium and americium were 9 x 10(-4) and 3 x 10(-4), r ...	1988	3363317
survey of prothrombin time in national external quality assessment scheme exercises (1980-87).	national external quality assessment scheme surveys on the prothrombin time test carried out in hospitals in the united kingdom have been performed at regular intervals since 1972. performance has been assessed by comparing observed variability between hospitals with that predicted by a statistical model. the model was based on results from 53 survey plasmas issued between 1980 and 1987. these showed a linear correlation between logarithms of mean and standard deviation of reported ratios. preci ...	1988	3366918
comparative studies on asian and caucasian children. 2: nutrition, feeding practices and health.	the growth of children whose parents originated from the indian subcontinent (asians) and of indigenous, white children in rochdale (caucasians) has been related to dietary intake which was estimated by 3-day weighed intakes during a longitudinal study at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months of age. the use of human milk vis-à-vis infant milk formulas, the age of introduction of solid food and the effect of other environmental factors were also evaluated. multiple regression analysis revealed the effects o ...	1988	3371300
ontogeny of fasting small intestinal motor activity in the human infant.	a clearly defined progression of fasting small intestinal motor development is seen in the human infant from disorganised low amplitude motor activity before 31 weeks gestation through an intermediate phase of increasing motor organisation and amplitude to the development of a normal cyclical pattern of motor activity with clearly defined phase i, ii, and iii activity between 37 weeks gestation and term. with increasing maturity smooth muscle contractility [gastric antral pressure (5-30 mmhg), a ...	1988	3371717
evidence of allergic hypersensitivity to chironomid midges in an english village community.	some chironomid (non-biting) midges contain potent human allergens, principally in the form of insect haemoglobins. in view of previously demonstrated immunological cross-reactivity between some different midge species, the possible role of british midges in allergic disease was studied. the chosen site, farmoor near oxford, is a village that has been subject to several annual nuisance midge swarms since the construction of an adjacent water-supply reservoir in 1964, which was extended in 1975. ...	1988	3396197
could parkinson's disease follow intra-uterine influenza?: a speculative hypothesis.	patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease do not appear to be distributed smoothly with respect to year of birth. individuals born within the years 1892, 1904, 1909, 1918, 1919 and 1929 appear to have had an increased risk of developing idiopathic parkinson's disease in later life. these years are close to those of the influenza pandemics of the period 1890-1930. the estimated risk of an individual developing idiopathic parkinson's disease shows a significant correlation with the crude influe ...	1988	3404182
aids and the general practitioner: views of patients with hiv infection and aids.	an unselected series of outpatients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who attended two london hospitals were interviewed to assess their relationship with their general practitioner. although most of the 192 patients were registered with a general practitioner, the doctors of only one half knew of the diagnosis. patients feared a negative reaction from their general practitioner or were concerned about confidentiality. although those who had told their doctor had received favo ...	1988	3408958
mineral accretion in the human fetus.	bone mineral content of the mid forearm was measured by photon absorptiometry in 73 white singletons (36 boys, 37 girls) born between 18 and 43 weeks' gestation. results obtained within two weeks of birth for liveborn infants were used to establish bone mineral deposition curves approximating normal in utero development. results for stillborn infants indicated a retardation of bone mineralisation relative to liveborn infants. this has important implications concerning previous estimates of daily ...	1988	3415297
recent respiratory and enteric adenovirus infection in children in the manchester area.	seventy-three group b adenoviruses (29 type 3 and 44 type 7) identified in a recent community outbreak were analysed with restriction endonucleases. considerable genetic heterogeneity was identified, particularly amongst the type 3 isolates, but this genome variation could not be correlated with either clinical or epidemiological findings. group f adenoviruses were found in 132 (4.1%) of 3202 stool specimens from children with gastroenteritis and, after rotaviruses, they were the most common vir ...	1988	2830401