Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| living donor liver transplantation for acute liver failure in infants: the impact of unknown etiology. | infants with alf occasionally have the most urgent need for a liver transplant. in urgent situations for liver transplantation, ldlt has been advocated. between july 1995 and april 2004, medical records of 15 infants undergoing ldlt for alf of unknown etiology were reviewed and their outcomes were compared with infants undergoing ldlt for other liver diseases. they received lls (n = 9), ms (n = 3), and rms (n = 3) grafts. eight technical complications occurred, with a similar incidence for ldlt ... | 2008 | 18307664 |
| burden of rotavirus-associated and non-rotavirus-associated diarrhea among nonhospitalized individuals in central italy: a 1-year sentinel-based epidemiological and virological surveillance. | a community sentinel pediatrician-based epidemiological and virological surveillance study was conducted to estimate the incidence of gastroenteritis and laboratory-confirmed rotavirus-associated disease. the 1-year cumulative incidence of gastroenteritis in the cohort of children aged 0-5 years was 21%, with the highest rates in the 7-12-month and 13-18-month age groups (41.1% and 41.7%, respectively). approximately one-third of gastroenteritis cases requiring an office visit or telephone consu ... | 2008 | 18260756 |
| is rotavirus a hepatotropic virus? | 2008 | 18264761 | |
| changes in macromolecular transport appear early in caco-2 cells infected with a human rotavirus. | rotavirus is a major cause of viral gastroenteritis, but its interaction with intestinal mucosa is poorly understood. the aim of this study was to examine the effect of wa rotavirus (vp7 serotype 1) on barrier function in confluent caco-2 cell monolayers. wa is the most common serotype causing severe diarrhoea in humans. material and methods. we examined light and electron microscopic morphology, macromolecular transport, paracellular permeability, electrical parameters, disaccharidases and cyto ... | 2008 | 18266175 |
| rotavirus vaccines: how they work or don't work. | in 2004 and 2006, two new rotavirus vaccines - rotarixtrade mark and rotateqtrade mark - were licensed worldwide. both are live virus vaccines and are composed of either a monovalent attenuated human rotavirus or five bovine-human reassortant rotaviruses, respectively. studies in humans and animals have reported correlations between rotavirus antibody levels and protection, the most consistent of which has been with rotavirus iga. cellular immunity was also found to have a role in protection aft ... | 2008 | 18267049 |
| molecular characterization of group a human rotaviruses in bangkok and buriram, thailand during 2004-2006 reveals the predominance of g1p[8], g9p[8] and a rare g3p[19] strain. | the aim of this study has been to determine the incidence of diverse human rotavirus strains circulating in thailand between october 2004 and april 2006 by means of molecular characterization. pediatric patients aged between 2 months and 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea (n=307) in bangkok and buriram, thailand were tested for human rotavirus a (rv-a) by rt-pcr. a total of 130 specimens (42.3%) were found rv-a positive and 126 were characterized by direct sequencing of the capsid glycoprotei ... | 2008 | 18228123 |
| the vp7 genes of two g9 rotaviruses isolated in 1980 from diarrheal stool samples collected in washington, dc, are unique molecularly and serotypically. | in a retrospective study of archival diarrheal stool samples collected from 1974 to 1991 at children's hospital national medical center, washington, dc, we detected three genotype g9p[8] viruses in specimens collected in 1980, which represented the earliest human g9 viruses ever isolated. the vp7 genes of two culture-adapted 1980 g9 viruses were phylogenetically related closely to the lineage 2 g9 virus vp7 gene. unexpectedly, however, the vp7s of the 1980 g9 viruses were more closely related se ... | 2008 | 18234798 |
| multiple combinations of p[13]-like genotype with g3, g4, and g5 in porcine rotaviruses. | epidemiological surveillance of porcine rotavirus (porv) strains was carried out in chiang mai province, thailand, from 2002 to 2003, and eight rotavirus isolates could not be completely typed by pcr. of these, six were g3 and one was g4 and displayed a p-nontypeable genotype, while another isolate was both g and p nontypeable. analysis of a partial vp4 gene of all eight p-nontypeable strains revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence identities (94.7% to 100%), suggesting that they belonged ... | 2008 | 18234859 |
| molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhea among children in saudi arabia: first detection of g9 and g12 strains. | in anticipation of rotavirus vaccine introduction in saudi arabia, this study was undertaken to determine the distribution of the g and p genotypes of rotaviruses in order to examine whether there was any emerging serotype or unusual strain circulating in children in saudi arabia. of 984 stool specimens collected between 17 april 2004 and 16 april 2005, rotavirus was detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 187 (19%) diarrheal children less than 5 years of age. of these, 160 (86%) wer ... | 2008 | 18234870 |
| estimating the costs of achieving the who-unicef global immunization vision and strategy, 2006-2015. | to estimate the cost of scaling up childhood immunization services required to reach the who-unicef global immunization vision and strategy (givs) goal of reducing mortality due to vaccine-preventable diseases by two-thirds by 2015. | 2008 | 18235887 |
| microbiology and management of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. | necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is a clinical syndrome of ischemic necrosis of the bowel of multiple etiological factors that include the presence of intestinal ischemia, abnormal bacterial flora, and intestinal mucosal immaturity. numerous reports have implied that the fecal microflora may contribute to the pathogenesis of nec. a broad range of organisms generally found in the distal gastrointestinal tract have been recovered from the peritoneal cavity and blood of infants with nec. the predomi ... | 2008 | 18236362 |
| near-atomic resolution using electron cryomicroscopy and single-particle reconstruction. | electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-em) yields images of macromolecular assemblies and their components, from which 3d structures can be determined, by using an image processing method commonly known as "single-particle reconstruction." during the past two decades, this technique has become an important tool for 3d structure determination, but it generally has not been possible to determine atomic models. in principle, individual molecular images contain high-resolution information contaminated by a m ... | 2008 | 18238898 |
| development of a rapid and sensitive latex agglutination-based method for detection of group a rotavirus. | considering the background of morbidity and mortality caused by human rotavirus, detection methods that use rotavirus group antigen (vp6) in either enzyme immunoassay (eia) or latex agglutination test (lat) has been employed routinely in clinical diagnostic and epidemiological studies. in order to develop a rapid and sensitive rotavirus group a lat, part of segment 6 corresponding to conserved n-terminal portion of the vp6 (1-245 aa) was cloned in escherichia coli expression pgex vector (glutath ... | 2008 | 18241934 |
| rotavirus vaccines: an overview. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe diarrhea disease in infants and young children worldwide and continues to have a major global impact on childhood morbidity and mortality. vaccination is the only control measure likely to have a significant impact on the incidence of severe dehydrating rotavirus disease. in 1999, a highly efficacious rotavirus vaccine licensed in the united states, rotashield, was withdrawn from the market after 14 months because of its association with int ... | 2008 | 18202442 |
| genetic heterogeneity of porcine enteric caliciviruses identified from diarrhoeic piglets. | enteric caliciviruses (noroviruses and sapoviruses) are responsible for the majority of non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans of all age groups. analysis of the polymerase and capsid genes has provided evidence for a huge genetic diversity, but the understanding of their ecology is limited. in this study, we investigated the presence of porcine enteric caliciviruses in the faeces of piglets with diarrhoea. a total of 209 samples from 118 herds were analysed and calicivirus rna was detected by ... | 2008 | 18204823 |
| changing profile of rotavirus in ireland: predominance of p[8] and emergence of p[6] and p[9] in mixed infections. | six hundred and thirty three fecal specimens were collected from patients under 6 years, suffering from non-bacterial, putative viral gastroenteritis in the south of ireland, between 2003 and 2006. following laboratory identification of rotavirus as the aetiological agent in 558 specimens, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was employed to amplify the vp7 and vp4 gene segments of 249 and 245 samples, respectively. g and p typing was subsequently carried out on these amplicons. g1 (6 ... | 2008 | 18205218 |
| individuals with selective iga deficiency resolve rotavirus disease and develop higher antibody titers (igg, igg1) than iga competent individuals. | while iga is proposed to be essential to control rotavirus disease, no information is available how iga deficient individuals modulate rotavirus disease and immune responses. in this study it was shown that patients (n = 62) with selective iga deficiency (iga-d) (<0.05 g/l) resolve rotavirus disease and show higher total igg and igg1 subclass antibody titers to rotavirus than iga proficient individuals (n = 62) (geometric mean titer, gmt) 18,101 vs. 4,000 (p < 0.005); 8,463 vs. 1691, (p < 0.005) ... | 2008 | 18205219 |
| norovirus gastroenteritis among children in iraqi kurdistan. | of 260 children under age 5 years who were hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in kurdistan, iraq, between april and may 2005, 78 (30%) tested positive for norovirus by rt-pcr. these comprised genogroups gi (23%), gii (74%) and gi + gii (3%). among 28 noroviruses sequenced, gii/4 was the predominant genotype. | 2008 | 18205231 |
| the cost-utility of rotavirus vaccination with rotarix (rix4414) in the netherlands. | the objective of this study was to estimate the cost-utility of mass vaccination of 0-4-year-old children with rotarix in the netherlands. we used a markov process with dutch data on incidence, resource use and costs (gp, hospitalisation, productivity loss and household costs) to compare vaccination to conventional treatment from a societal perspective. utility loss due to rotavirus-induced diarrhoea was measured using eq5d, with gps and paediatricians serving as proxies to fill out the question ... | 2008 | 18215445 |
| rearrangements of rotavirus genomic segment 11 are generated during acute infection of immunocompetent children and do not occur at random. | group a rotaviruses are the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants. the viral genome consists of 11 double-stranded rna (dsrna) segments. dysfunction of the viral rna polymerase can lead to gene rearrangements, which most often consist of partial sequence duplication of a dsrna segment. gene rearrangements have been detected in vivo during chronic infection in immunodeficient children or in vitro during passages at a high multiplicity of infection in cell culture, suggesting that these r ... | 2008 | 18216096 |
| full genome-based classification of rotaviruses reveals a common origin between human wa-like and porcine rotavirus strains and human ds-1-like and bovine rotavirus strains. | group a rotavirus classification is currently based on the molecular properties of the two outer layer proteins, vp7 and vp4, and the middle layer protein, vp6. as reassortment of all the 11 rotavirus gene segments plays a key role in generating rotavirus diversity in nature, a classification system that is based on all the rotavirus gene segments is desirable for determining which genes influence rotavirus host range restriction, replication, and virulence, as well as for studying rotavirus epi ... | 2008 | 18216098 |
| molecular characterization of a subgroup specificity associated with the rotavirus inner capsid protein vp2. | group a rotaviruses are classified into serotypes, based on the reactivity pattern of neutralizing antibodies to vp4 and vp7, as well as into subgroups (sgs), based on non-neutralizing antibodies directed against vp6. the inner capsid protein (vp2) has also been described as a sg antigen; however, little is known regarding the molecular determinants of vp2 sg specificity. in this study, we characterize vp2 sgs by correlating genetic markers with the immunoreactivity of the sg-specific monoclonal ... | 2008 | 18216104 |
| statement on the recommended use of pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine. an advisory committee statement (acs). | 2008 | 18217293 | |
| global advisory committee on vaccine safety, 12-13 december 2007. | 2008 | 18219807 | |
| hospital-associated infections during and after care in a paediatric infectious disease ward. | viruses are important causes of paediatric hospital-associated infections (hais). we evaluated the frequency of viral hais during hospitalisation and after discharge in a paediatric infection ward. data were collected prospectively for two years with follow-up questionnaires in which parents reported symptoms of new infections. infections occurring >72 h after admission to hospital or <72 h after discharge were regarded as hospital-associated. the mean age of patients was 3.0 years and the mean ... | 2008 | 18358561 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of norovirus using duplex taqman reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect norovirus (nv) is a complex of multi-step procedure that requires gel electrophoresis as well as hybridization or sequencing to confirm the final diagnosis. a duplex taqman rt-pcr was developed to detect and classify genogroup (g) i and gii of nv. the primers and taqman probes for this assay were selected from the region of open reading frame (orf) 1-orf2 junction. a total of 796 stool specimens from 103 outbreaks of ... | 2008 | 18360905 |
| [etiological study on sporadic viral gastroenteritis among adult in beijing]. | to understand the infection and epidemiology of norovirus and rotavirus and enteral adenovirus among adult with sporadic viral gastroenteritis in beijing and provide theoretical basis for clinical prevention and control. | 2008 | 18361840 |
| effect of a lactose-free milk formula supplemented with bifidobacteria and streptococci on the recovery from acute diarrhoea. | probiotics have been proposed for the management and prevention of acute diarrhoea in infants. a double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled study was carried out in 224 chinese infants 6 to 36 months of age with severe acute diarrhoea and free from moderate or severe malnutrition. after oral or parenteral rehydration, they were allocated to one of three groups: a lactose-free formula (control); the same formula but with viable 10(8)cfu b. lactis bb12 and 5x10(7)cfu st. thermophilus th4 per gra ... | 2008 | 18364323 |
| anti-nsp4 antibody can block rotavirus-induced diarrhea in mice. | rotavirus infection is the most common cause of infectious diarrhea and gastroenteritis among children worldwide. the viral proteins (vp), especially vp4- and vp7-induced neutralizing antibodies, were considered to be critical in protective immunity to rotavirus disease. however, whether the antibody to rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4) protects against rotavirus-induced diarrhea directly is not completely clear, especially for the protective time course. | 2008 | 18367948 |
| rotavirus morbidity and mortality in children in brazil. | to study the epidemiology of rotavirus and estimate rotavirus-associated morbidity and mortality in children<or=5 years of age in brazil in 2004 before introducing the rotavirus vaccine in brazil's national immunization program (programa nacional de imunizações, pni). | 2008 | 18371279 |
| prevalence of group c rotavirus among children in rhode island, united states. | group c rotavirus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in humans but its burden as a cause of severe gastroenteritis in children remains unclear. | 2008 | 18374629 |
| evaluating the safety of a rotavirus vaccine: the rest of the story. | the rotavirus efficacy and safety trial (rest) was a blinded, placebo-controlled study of the live pentavalent human-bovine vaccine, rotateq (merck & co. inc., west point, pa). rest was noteworthy because its primary objective was to evaluate the safety of rotateq with regard to intussusception, a rare intestinal illness that occurs with a background incidence of approximately 50 cases per 100 000 infant years. the study involved approximately 70 000 infants at over 500 study sites in 11 countri ... | 2008 | 18375651 |
| peculiarities of norovirus and rotavirus infections in hospitalised young children. | to investigate the features of norovirus infection in hospitalised children under the age of 3 and to compare the results with those of rotavirus infection. | 2008 | 18376246 |
| new oligonucleotide primers for p-typing of rotavirus strains: strategies for typing previously untypeable strains. | the use of molecular methods for rotavirus characterisation provides increased sensitivity for typing, and allows the identification of putative reassortant strains. however, due to the constant accumulation of point mutations through genetic drift; and to the emergence of novel genotypes; and possibly zoonotic transmission and subsequent reassortment, the reagents and methods used for genotyping require close monitoring and updating. | 2008 | 18378188 |
| sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis analysis of rotavirus-like particles. | this work describes the application of a sodium dodecyl sulfate-capillary gel electrophoresis (sds-cge) method for the analysis of triple 2/6/7 and double-layered 2/6 rotavirus-like particles (rlps), candidate vaccines against rotavirus infection. sds-cge analysis of rlps resulted in peaks that could be attributed to the viral proteins (vp2, vp6 and vp7) according to their apparent molecular mass (mwapp). samples containing the glycoprotein vp7 were analysed after deglycosylation with pngase f. ... | 2008 | 18378247 |
| [microbiological aspects of pool water]. | it is well known that there is an elevated risk of diffusion of pathogenic micro-organisms in swimming pools. preventive measures aimed at protecting the health of swimmers are complex because of the variety of micro-organisms involved, the different ways in which these can be transmitted and the involvement of both aquatic and environmental factors. in industrialised countries, the circulation of many pathogens which were common in the past has progressively decreased in recent years; in contra ... | 2008 | 18379609 |
| immunogenicity of a thermally inactivated rotavirus vaccine in mice. | current approaches to the prevention of severe rotavirus diarrhea and deaths in children have all been through the use of live oral vaccines. to develop a safe and effective inactivated rotavirus vaccine (irv), a new simple, rapid and robust method for the inactivation is critical and essential because chemical inactivation commonly used for a number of killed vaccines has been a challenge and problematic for rotavirus. we have examined an array of thermal conditions and demonstrated that purifi ... | 2008 | 18382129 |
| endoplasmic reticulum chaperones are involved in the morphogenesis of rotavirus infectious particles. | the final assembly of rotavirus particles takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). in this work, we evaluated by rna interference the relevance to rotavirus assembly and infectivity of grp78, protein disulfide isomerase (pdi), grp94, calnexin, calreticulin, and erp57, members of the two er folding systems described herein. silencing the expression of grp94 and erp57 had no effect on rotavirus infectivity, while knocking down the expression of any of the other four chaperons caused a reduct ... | 2008 | 18385250 |
| detection and quantification of group c rotaviruses in communal sewage. | group c rotaviruses have been recognized as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, cattle, and swine, although the true epidemiologic and clinical importance of this virus in these hosts has not yet been fully established. a real-time pcr assay based on a broadly reactive primer pair was developed and used to quantitatively determine the viral load of group c rotaviruses in environmental samples. a total of 35 raw and 35 treated sewage samples collected at the same sampling time in four hun ... | 2008 | 18390677 |
| temporal-spatial activation of apoptosis and epithelial injury in murine experimental biliary atresia. | biliary atresia is a fibro-inflammatory cholangiopathy that obstructs the extrahepatic bile ducts in young infants. although the pathogenesis of the disease is undefined, studies in livers from affected children and neonatal mice with experimental biliary atresia have shown increased expression of proapoptosis molecules. therefore, we hypothesized that apoptosis is a significant mechanism of injury to duct epithelium. to test this hypothesis, we quantified apoptosis using terminal transferase du ... | 2008 | 18393301 |
| rotavirus vaccine introduction in the americas: progress and lessons learned. | in latin america and the caribbean, rotavirus causes approximately 15,000 deaths, 75,000 hospitalizations, 2 million clinic visits and 10 million cases of rotavirus diarrhea annually. two safe vaccines are available that are effective in preventing severe illness. to date, seven countries in latin america (brazil, ecuador, el salvador, panama, mexico, nicaragua and venezuela) have introduced the vaccine. for successful rotavirus vaccine introduction, the lessons learned re-emphasize the critical ... | 2008 | 18393604 |
| novel nonstructural protein 4 genetic group in rotavirus of porcine origin. | 2008 | 18394303 | |
| human rotavirus vaccines: too early for the strain to tell. | 2008 | 18395562 | |
| efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine against rotavirus gastroenteritis during the first 2 years of life in latin american infants: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase iii study. | peak incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis is seen in infants between 6 and 24 months of age. we therefore aimed to assess the 2-year efficacy and safety of an oral live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe gastroenteritis in infants. | 2008 | 18395579 |
| [prospective epidemiological study of rotavirus gastroenteritis in europe (reveal study). results in the french area of the study]. | to estimate the incidence of acute gastroenteritis (age) and rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (rvage) in children less than 5 years of age seeking medical care in primary care, emergency department, and hospital settings. secondary objectives: to compare the clinical profile of rvage and non-rvage and to describe the distribution of rv serotypes among rvage cases. | 2008 | 18396016 |
| hospitalizations associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis in spain, 2001-2005. | this study aims to describe and analyze hospital admissions in spain due to rotavirus infections among children aged 5 years or under during the period 2001-2005, along with the associated health cost. | 2008 | 18397512 |
| silencing of rotavirus nsp4 or vp7 expression reduces alterations in ca2+ homeostasis induced by infection of cultured cells. | rotavirus infection of cells in culture induces major changes in ca(2+) homeostasis. these changes include increases in plasma membrane ca(2+) permeability, cytosolic ca(2+) concentration, and total cell ca(2+) content and a reduction in the amount of ca(2+) released from intracellular pools sensitive to agonists. various lines of evidence suggest that the nonstructural glycoprotein nsp4 and possibly the major outer capsid glycoprotein vp7 are responsible for these effects. in order to evaluate ... | 2008 | 18400845 |
| quantification of the health risk associated with wastewater reuse in accra, ghana: a contribution toward local guidelines. | quantitative microbial risk assessment (qmra) models with 10,000 monte carlo simulations were applied to ascertain the risks of rotavirus and ascaris infections for farmers using different irrigation water qualities and consumers of lettuce irrigated with the different water qualities after allowing post-harvest handling. a tolerable risk (tr) of infection of 7.7 x 10(-4) and 1 x 10(-2) per person per year were used for rotavirus and ascaris respectively. the risk of ascaris infection was within ... | 2008 | 18401111 |
| lessons learned from ten investigations of waterborne gastroenteritis outbreaks, france, 1998-2006. | ten outbreaks of waterborne acute gastroenteritis (age) have been investigated in france since 1998. these outbreaks have affected populations of over 1,000 people, with generally high attack rates. the causal agents have been identified in six of these events. aetiologies involved mainly noroviruses and cryptosporidium sp. the point of entry of the contamination was located in the distribution network in five outbreaks (waste water backflows in four cases and one case of contamination induced b ... | 2008 | 18401114 |
| [a research on rotaviral diarrhea outbreak in guangxi province]. | to analyze epidemiological characters of an outbreak of rotavirus diarrhea in daxing county, guangxi province. | 2008 | 18574528 |
| [use of poct (point of care tests) in the diagnosis of infectious diseases]. | poct have a great potential in ambulatory infectious diseases diagnosis, due to their impact on antibiotic administration and on communicable diseases prevention. some are in use for long (s. pyogenes antigen, hiv antibodies) or short time (s. pneumoniae antigen, p. falciparum). the additional major indications will be community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections, infectious diarrhoea in children (rotavirus, enterotoxigenic e. coli), and hopefully sexually transmitted infections. easy t ... | 2008 | 18578431 |
| update on immunizations in children and adolescents. | over the past few years, there have been many changes to the recommendations for children and adolescents by the advisory committee on immunization practices. these include dividing the immunization schedule into two parts (i.e., ages birth to six years and seven to 18 years, with catch-up schedules for each group); expanding the recommendations for influenza vaccine to children ages six months to 18 years without risk factors; expanding coverage for hepatitis a vaccine to include all children a ... | 2008 | 18581836 |
| [ethics and immunization]. | 2008 | 18582745 | |
| setting priorities for new vaccination programs by using public health officers and immunization managers opinions. | the objective of this work was to assess the opinions of public health professionals (phps) about routinely recommended and new vaccines, and to evaluate the feasibility of using a modified basic priority rating system (bprs) approach to prioritize new immunization programs. one hundred and thirty six phps were invited to participate in the survey and 101 responded. ninty-eight percent of respondents agreed that "recommended vaccines are very useful" (mean score=9.5 out of 10). between 47% and 1 ... | 2008 | 18582998 |
| delayed onset and diminished magnitude of rotavirus activity--united states, november 2007-may 2008. | rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis among infants and young children, accounting for an estimated 527,000 deaths among children aged <5 years worldwide in 2004 (1,2). in the united states, rotavirus causes few deaths (20-60) each year, but remains a substantial cause of morbidity among children, resulting in approximately 55,000--70,000 hospitalizations, 205,000-272,000 emergency department (ed) visits, and 410,000 physician office visits. in the continental united sta ... | 2008 | 18583958 |
| improved inactivation of nonenveloped enteric viruses and their surrogates by a novel alcohol-based hand sanitizer. | norovirus is the leading cause of food-related illness in the united states, and contamination of ready-to-eat items by food handlers poses a high risk for disease. this study reports the in vitro (suspension test) and in vivo (fingerpad protocol) assessments of a new ethanol-based hand sanitizer containing a synergistic blend of polyquaternium polymer and organic acid, which is active against viruses of public health importance, including norovirus. when tested in suspension, the test product r ... | 2008 | 18586970 |
| integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 are receptors for the rotavirus enterotoxin. | rotavirus nsp4 is a viral enterotoxin capable of causing diarrhea in neonatal mice. this process is initiated by the binding of extracellular nsp4 to target molecule(s) on the cell surface that triggers a signaling cascade leading to diarrhea. we now report that the integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 are receptors for nsp4. nsp4 specifically binds to the alpha1 and alpha2 i domains with apparent k(d) = 1-2.7 mum. binding is mediated by the i domain metal ion-dependent adhesion site motif, req ... | 2008 | 18587047 |
| parenteral administration of rf 8-2/6/7 rotavirus-like particles in a one-dose regimen induce protective immunity in mice. | rotavirus virus-like particles (rv-vlps) represent a novel strategy for development of a rotavirus subunit vaccine. in this study, rf 8-2/6/7-vlps with rotavirus vp8 protein (amino acid 1-241 of vp4) fused to the amino terminal end of a truncated vp2, were evaluated for their immunogenic and protective properties. a single intramuscular dose of, either 2 or 20 microg, rf 8-2/6/7-vlps alone or combined with a potent adjuvant poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)]phosphazene] (pcpp) induced rotavirus-specif ... | 2008 | 18588935 |
| chronic rejection after combined liver and small bowel transplantation in a child with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction: a case report. | an 11-year-old boy with irreversible intestinal failure secondary to chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (cipo) and intestinal failure-associated liver disease (ifald) underwent a combined en bloc reduced liver and small bowel transplantation. he was discharged home after 9 weeks on full oral intake without requiring intravenous nutritional or fluid supplementation. the first episode of mild acute rejection, which occurred 18 months after transplantation, was successfully treated with steroids ... | 2008 | 18589190 |
| [new vaccines to be considered in pediatrics and school health services]. | 2008 | 18590007 | |
| molecular characterization of the nsp4 gene of human group a rotavirus samples from the west central region of brazil. | nonstructural protein 4 (nsp4), encoded by group a rotavirus genome segment 10, is a multifunctional protein and the first recognized virus-encoded enterotoxin. the nsp4 gene has been sequenced, and five distinct genetic groups have been described: genotypes a-e. nsp4 genotypes a, b, and c have been detected in humans. in this study, the nsp4-encoding gene of human rotavirus strains of different g and p genotypes collected from children between 1987 and 2003 in three cities of west central regio ... | 2008 | 18592101 |
| the epidemiology of human rotavirus associated with diarrhoea in kenyan children: a review. | rotavirus gastroenteritis still remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries, with approximately 150,000-200,000 deaths occurring annually in sub-saharan africa. we reviewed papers published over the last 30 years on the epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea among the hospitalized and out-patient children in kenya. the analysis shows rotavirus prevalence of 6-56% with diarrhoea occurring throughout the year and generally exhibiting distinct peaks du ... | 2008 | 18593738 |
| issues with reducing the rotavirus-associated mortality by vaccination in developing countries. | more than 65% of the global rotavirus deaths were estimated to occur in 11 countries in asia and africa, claiming 345,000 children less than 5 years of age in 2004. while efficacious rotavirus vaccines are at hand, inequity in health delivery system within and between these countries was found to be the major hurdle against achieving the goal of rotavirus vaccine. when the coverage of currently used vaccines was applied to a rotavirus vaccine, a maximum of 202,550 deaths would be averted. even i ... | 2008 | 18472196 |
| diarrhea among children admitted to a private tertiary-care hospital, bangkok, thailand: a case series. | we report here a case series of pediatric diarrhea cases admitted to a private tertiary-care hospital in bangkok, thailand. retrospective data were collected from computerized medical records of 2,001 children with diarrhea (80.9% thai), ages birth to 14 years, admitted to our facility during 2000-2005. the most common symptom leading to admission was vomiting (34.6%), while the most common sign was dehydration (63.6%). the largest proportion was comprised of toddlers (45.4%), followed by infant ... | 2008 | 18564682 |
| temporal changes of rotavirus strain distribution in a city in the northwest of china, 1996-2005. | very little is known about human rotaviruses in the northwest of china. to investigate the genomic diversity, we evaluated the distribution of rotavirus genotypes in this region covering a 10-year period (1996-2005). | 2008 | 18565780 |
| rotavirus genotypes circulating in brazil before national rotavirus vaccination: a review. | rotavirus vaccine was recently introduced in brazil, which has the potential to greatly reduce childhood deaths from diarrhoea. to provide baseline data to assess the effect of mass rotavirus vaccination on the ecology of circulating rotavirus strains, we systematically analysed published studies in the pre-vaccine era. | 2008 | 18567534 |
| implementation of rotavirus immunization in philadelphia, pennsylvania: high levels of vaccine ineligibility and off-label use. | our goal was to predict, using delayed diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccination as an indicator, whether the current narrowly defined age limits for pentavalent rotavirus vaccine exclude a substantial proportion of children from complete immunization against rotavirus and to assess adherence of providers to recommended age limits by examining the first 6 months of use of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in philadelphia, pennsylvania. | 2008 | 18595974 |
| molecular detection of human enteric viruses in urban rivers in korea. | we performed rt-nested pcr to study the distribution of human enteric viruses in urban rivers in korea. during 2002-2003, water samples were collected from four rivers in gyeonggi province, south korea. among 58 samples, 45 (77.6%), 32 (55.2%), 12 (20.7%), 2 (3.4%), 4 (6.9%), and 4 (6.9%) showed positive results with adenoviruses (advs), enteroviruses (evs), reoviruses (revs), hepatitis a viruses (havs), rotaviruses (rovs), and sapoviruses (svs), respectively. according to the binary logistic re ... | 2008 | 18600062 |
| rotavirus infection in the neonatal nurseries of a tertiary care hospital in india. | the majority of neonatal rotavirus infections are believed to be asymptomatic, and protection from subsequent infection and disease has been reported in neonatally infected children. in this study, we present the results of a 4-year prospective surveillance in the neonatal nurseries of a tertiary care hospital in south india. | 2008 | 18600189 |
| vaccine research--11th annual conference: cutaneous formulations, universal vaccinations and recently licensed vaccines. | 2008 | 18600589 | |
| recommendations for the classification of group a rotaviruses using all 11 genomic rna segments. | recently, a classification system was proposed for rotaviruses in which all the 11 genomic rna segments are used (matthijnssens et al. in j virol 82:3204-3219, 2008). based on nucleotide identity cut-off percentages, different genotypes were defined for each genome segment. a nomenclature for the comparison of complete rotavirus genomes was considered in which the notations gx-p[x]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-tx-ex-hx are used for the vp7-vp4-vp6-vp1-vp2-vp3-nsp1-nsp2-nsp3-nsp4-nsp5/6 encoding genes, resp ... | 2008 | 18604469 |
| partial genome sequence analysis of parvoviruses associated with enteric disease in poultry. | poult enteritis mortality syndrome (pems) of turkeys and runting-stunting syndrome (rss) of chickens are significant viral enteric diseases of poultry. although a number of different viruses, including avian reoviruses, rotaviruses, astroviruses and coronaviruses, have been isolated from the intestinal contents of birds in affected poultry flocks, their role in pems and rss is not yet understood. here, we report the application of a molecular screening method to detection of novel viruses in int ... | 2008 | 18622862 |
| host defense against salmonella and rotaviral gastroenteritis: a serial study of transcriptional factors and cytokines. | common etiologies of acute enterocolitis in childhood include the intracellular pathogens salmonella and rotavirus, along with extracellular pathogens. in order to elucidate differentiating immunologic parameters in patients with acute gastroenteritis of different etiologies, we investigated interferon (ifn)-gamma, interleukin (il)-12, and t-bet of t-helper type 1 subsets, and il-4 and gata-3 of t-helper type 2 subsets. | 2008 | 18629423 |
| llama-derived single-chain antibody fragments directed to rotavirus vp6 protein possess broad neutralizing activity in vitro and confer protection against diarrhea in mice. | group a rotavirus is one of the most common causes of severe diarrhea in human infants and newborn animals. rotavirus virions are triple-layered particles. the outer capsid proteins vp4 and vp7 are highly variable and represent the major neutralizing antigens. the inner capsid protein vp6 is conserved among group a rotaviruses, is highly immunogenic, and is the target antigen of most immunodiagnosis tests. llama-derived single-chain antibody fragments (vhh) are the smallest molecules with antige ... | 2008 | 18632867 |
| detection and characterization of group c rotaviruses in asymptomatic piglets in ireland. | group c rotaviruses are important human enteric pathogens that have also been detected in a variety of mammalian species, including pigs. group c rotaviruses have been identified in piglets with diarrhea, but their ecology remains to be elucidated. by screening of 292 fecal samples collected from 4- to 5-week-old asymptomatic pigs from four herds in ireland between 2005 and 2007, 13 (4.4%) samples tested positive by reverse transcription-pcr for group c rotavirus. group a rotaviruses were also d ... | 2008 | 18632912 |
| prospective study of the burden of acute gastroenteritis and rotavirus gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years of age, in padova, italy. | data on the burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in europe are needed to help understand the potential impact of introducing new rotavirus vaccines. | 2008 | 18633575 |
| cerebrospinal fluid diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite levels in pediatric patients with central nervous system diseases. | this study assessed the validity of cerebrospinal fluid oxidative status of pediatric patients with central nervous system diseases, using the diacron-reactive oxygen metabolites test (d-roms; diacron international s.r.l.; grosseto, italy). eighty-seven pediatric patients (8 with bacterial meningitis, 18 with aseptic meningitis, 23 with febrile seizures, 6 with rotavirus gastroenteritis-induced convulsions, 16 with epilepsy, 2 with adrenoleukodystrophy, 2 with multiple sclerosis, and 12 control ... | 2008 | 18639749 |
| electron microscopic identification of viruses associated with poult enteritis in turkeys grown in california 1993-2003. | poult enteritis (pe) is one of the most common diseases seen in young turkey flocks. since 1993, more than 1800 cases of suspected pe have been submitted for examination by negative stain electron microscopy; this has involved more than 2400 individual results, because in many cases more than one virus was identified; at least 1500 individual results were positive for viruses. viruses have been identified in poults as young as 3 days and up to 9 wk of age. the most commonly found viruses are rot ... | 2008 | 18646448 |
| enteric viruses detected by molecular methods in commercial chicken and turkey flocks in the united states between 2005 and 2006. | intestinal samples collected from 43 commercial broiler and 33 commercial turkey flocks from all regions of the united states during 2005 and 2006 were examined for the presence of astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus, and coronavirus by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and for the presence of groups 1 and 2 adenovirus by pcr. phylogenetic analysis was performed to further characterize the viruses and to evaluate species association and geographic patterns. astroviruses were ide ... | 2008 | 18646452 |
| outbreak of rotavirus variant p[8] in seoul, south korea. | an epidemiologic study was performed to determine the genetic variability of rotaviruses in seoul, south korea. in 3,174 stool specimens from children with acute diarrhea at five referral hospitals, 571 (18%) possessed the antigen of group a rotavirus detectable by elisa--10.8% in 2004 and 28.1% in 2005. vp7 genotyping revealed that the g3 type was found in 25.6% of all typed isolates, g4 in 23.8%, g2 in 21.6%, and g1 in 17.6%. vp4 genotyping showed that the p[8] type was detected in 66.7%, p[6] ... | 2008 | 18649327 |
| evidence for zoonotic transmission of group c rotaviruses among children in belém, brazil. | the prevalence and potential zoonotic transmission of group c rotavirus (rvc) were examined by testing fecal samples collected from children during a longitudinal study that was carried out in the outskirts of belém, brazil, from december 1982 to march 1986. the study involved a group of 30 children who were followed from birth to 3 years. of the 77 samples tested from 29 children, 5 (6.5%) were positive for human and 3 (4%) for porcine rvc by using nested pcr assay with primers specific for vp6 ... | 2008 | 18649333 |
| incidence and clinical characteristics of group a rotavirus infections among children admitted to hospital in kilifi, kenya. | rotavirus, predominantly of group a, is a major cause of severe diarrhoea worldwide, with the greatest burden falling on young children living in less-developed countries. vaccines directed against this virus have shown promise in recent trials, and are undergoing effectiveness evaluation in sub-saharan africa. in this region limited childhood data are available on the incidence and clinical characteristics of severe group a rotavirus disease. advocacy for vaccine intervention and interpretation ... | 2008 | 18651787 |
| genomic characterization of a novel group a lamb rotavirus isolated in zaragoza, spain. | an ovine rotavirus (ovr) strain, 762, was isolated from a 30-day-old lamb affected with severe gastroenteritis, in zaragoza, spain, and the vp4, vp7, vp6, nsp4, and nsp5/nsp6 genes were subsequently characterized molecularly. strain ovr762 was classified as a p[14] rotavirus, as the vp4 and vp8* trypsin-cleavage product of the vp4 protein revealed the highest amino acid (aa) identity (94% and 97%, respectively) with that of the p11[14] human rotavirus (hrv) strain pa169, isolated in italy. analy ... | 2008 | 18661221 |
| the epidemiology and disease burden of rotavirus infection in the salento peninsula, italy. | the aim of this study was to delineate the epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the salento peninsula, italy. the study lasted a year and included the gathering of data on hospitalizations for enteritis caused by rotaviruses in the pediatric wards of seven hospitals in the province of lecce. during 2004, 7,938 children were hospitalized; 973 of them had gastroenteric symptoms and 202 were positive for rotavirus. the percentage of admissions to hospital was high in autumn and at the begin ... | 2008 | 18664076 |
| cost-effectiveness of introducing a rotavirus vaccine in developing countries: the case of mexico. | in developing countries rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhoea and diarrhoeal deaths in children under 5. vaccination could greatly alleviate that burden, but in mexico as in most low- and middle-income countries the decision to add rotavirus vaccine to the national immunisation program will depend heavily on its cost-effectiveness and affordability. the objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of including the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in mexico's national im ... | 2008 | 18664280 |
| 11th annual conference on vaccine research. | the 11th annual conference on vaccine research, hosted by the national foundation for infectious disease, attracted approximately 450 leaders in the fields of epidemiology, health economics, immunology and vaccinology, making it the largest scientific meeting devoted exclusively to vaccine research and technology. the conference highlighted recent advancements in vaccine design, including the discovery of new adjuvants, cytokines and regulatory pathways. other topics included a comprehensive ove ... | 2008 | 18665770 |
| determination of human rotavirus vp6 genogroups i and ii by reverse transcription-pcr. | based on nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the partial vp6 genes, group a rotaviruses can be mainly differentiated into two genogroups. in this study, a method employing reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) and degenerate primers was established to assign the vp6 genogroup. vp6 genogroup i and genogroup ii could be determined according to the sizes of the amplicons: 380 and 780 bp, respectively. the vp6 genogroup of human reference strains of g1 to g4 and g9 types and rotateq vaccin ... | 2008 | 18667595 |
| emerging g9 rotavirus strains in the northwest of china. | although g9 rotaviruses have become one of the important rotavirus genotypes worldwide, they have been uncommon in china. recently, we reported g9 rotaviruses as a highly prevalent genotype in xinjiang, the northwest part of china [yang, x., matthijnssens, j., sun, h., muhamaiti, j., zhang, b., nahar, s., van ranst, m., rahman, m., 2008. temporal changes of rotavirus strain distribution in a northwest city of china, 1996-2005. int. j. infect. dis., june (epub ahead of print)]. here we report the ... | 2008 | 18674575 |
| molecular characterization of vp4, vp6 and vp7 genes of a rare g8p[14] rotavirus strain detected in an infant with gastroenteritis in italy. | in this study, the molecular characterization of a rare g8p[14] group a rotavirus (garv) strain detected in northern italy during the 2004-2005 epidemiological rotavirus season is described. two hundred and seventy three rotavirus-like particle positive stools out of 856 stools from children (31.9%) hospitalized with gastroenteritis were analyzed using polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis and 271 garvs were genotyped by vp7 and vp4 specific rt-pcrs. one strain (pr/1300/04) with a long electrophero ... | 2008 | 18674577 |
| a critique of criteria for evaluating vaccines for inclusion in mandatory school immunization programs. | several new vaccines for children and young adults have been introduced recently and now appear on the advisory committee on immunization practices' recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule (meningococcal, rotavirus, human papillomavirus). as new vaccines are introduced, states face complex decisions regarding which vaccines to fund and which vaccines to require for school or child care entry. this complexity is evidenced by the current debate surrounding the human papillomavir ... | 2008 | 18676536 |
| analysis of rotavirus antigenemia and extraintestinal manifestations in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. | this study was conducted to examine the association between rotavirus antigenemia and clinical features, particularly extraintestinal manifestations, and the association between serum cytokine levels and rotavirus antigen quantity. | 2008 | 18676558 |
| molecular characterization of rare bovine group a rotavirus g15p[11] and g15p[21] strains from eastern india: identification of simian sa11-like vp6 genes in g15p[21] strains. | during a surveillance study (november 2001-march 2005), one rare g15p[11] and two rare g15p[21] bovine group a rotavirus strains were detected in diarrhoeic calves in eastern india. sequence analysis of the vp8*, vp6, nsp4 and nsp5 genes of the g15p[11] strain confirmed its bovine origin. although the nsp4 and nsp5 genes of the two g15p[21] strains were of bovine origin, their vp6 genes shared higher nucleotide and amino acid identities with simian strain sa11 (92.5-93.1% and 98.5-98.7%) than bo ... | 2008 | 18679786 |
| trends in healthcare usage attributable to diarrhea, 1995-2004. | to determine current diarrhea-associated healthcare usage rates and associated sociodemographic factors. these data can be used to determine the impact of the rotavirus vaccine. | 2008 | 18692199 |
| rotavirus vaccine for developing countries. | 2008 | 18692705 | |
| rotavirus vaccine for developing countries. | 2008 | 18692706 | |
| changing distribution of human rotavirus serotypes during two epidemic outbreaks of gastroenteritis in campinas, são paulo, brazil, 2003-2004: detection of g6 strains. | rotavirus serotypes g1-g4 and g9 are the most important agents of severe diarrhea in children worldwide. | 2008 | 18693133 |
| evaluation of ifn-gamma response to rotavirus and non-structural protein nsp4 of rotavirus in children following severe rotavirus diarrhea. | rotavirus (rv) is the commonest cause of severe gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. however the natural immune mechanisms controlling and preventing rotavirus disease in humans are not fully understood. | 2008 | 18693134 |
| immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated polio and haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in a placebo-controlled rotavirus vaccine study. | in recent years, acellular pertussis combination vaccines have facilitated compliance with and coverage of the national immunisation programme in singapore. this phase-ii study (rota-007) evaluated the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of a dtpa-ipv/hib combined vaccine when co-administered with a rotavirus vaccine. | 2008 | 18695765 |
| genetic characterization of group c rotavirus isolated from a child hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in chiang mai, thailand. | during an epidemiological survey of human rotavirus infection in chiang mai, thailand, from 2002 to 2004, in which 263 stool specimens tested, one isolate of group c rotavirus was detected from a two-year-old child admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis. the human group c rotavirus, named cmh004/03, was characterized further by molecular analyses of its vp4, vp6, and vp7 gene segments as well as determination of rna pattern by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). molecular charact ... | 2008 | 18696224 |
| detection of a porcine-like rotavirus in a child with enteritis in italy. | during a 1-year rotavirus surveillance of children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in brescia hospital, italy, a chimerical rotavirus strain, g3p[6], was detected, displaying the vp7 and vp4 genes of porcine origin and the nsp4 and vp6 genes of human origin. the reassortant nature of the virus rules out a direct zoonotic event. | 2008 | 18701665 |