Publications

humoral and delayed-type hypersensitive responses against listeria monocytogenes phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c in experimentally infected buffaloes.	the kinetics of antibody production against phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) and the isolation pattern of listeria monocytogenes from bacteriological samples were studied following oral infection of buffalo calves with 3 x 10(9) cells each of pathogenic l. monocytogenes. antibodies to pi-plc appeared by 4-8 days post infection (pi), with a peak between days 7 and 16 pi, when tested by indirect plate-elisa. subsequently, antibody titres in all the animals declined and became ...	2004	15563104
ifn regulatory factor 3-dependent induction of type i ifns by intracellular bacteria is mediated by a tlr- and nod2-independent mechanism.	like viruses, intracellular bacteria stimulate their host cells to produce type i ifns (ifn-alpha and ifn-beta). in our study, we investigated the signals and molecules relevant for the synthesis of and response to ifn by mouse macrophages infected with listeria monocytogenes. we report that ifn-beta is the critical immediate-early ifn made during infection, because the synthesis of all other type i ifn, expression of a subset of infection-induced genes, and the biological response to type i ifn ...	2004	15585867
subset-specific, uniform activation among v gamma 6/v delta 1+ gamma delta t cells elicited by inflammation.	the v gamma 6/v delta 1(+) cells, the second murine gamma delta t cell subset to arise in the thymus, express a nearly invariant t cell receptor (tcr), colonize select tissues, and expand preferentially in other tissues during inflammation. these cells are thought to help in regulating the inflammatory response. until now, v gamma 6/v delta 1(+) cells have only been detectable indirectly, by expression of v gamma 6-encoding mrna. here, we report that 17d1, a monoclonal antibody, which detects th ...	2004	14525969
characterization of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua from a vegetable processing plant by rapd and rea.	the incidence of listeria monocytogenes in a vegetable processing plant was investigated over a 23-month period. frozen ready-to-eat vegetable samples, well as the plant environment, were sampled. the molecular subtyping techniques, random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) and restriction endonuclease analyses (rea), were performed to help investigate the origin and routes of listeria dissemination. the low and sporadic incidence of l. monocytogenes made it impossible to establish an epidemiologi ...	2004	14751689
occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in fresh and processed foods in navarra (spain).	the presence of listeria spp. was investigated in a total of 3685 food samples obtained from different industries and markets of northern spain in the last 4 years. the samples analyzed include fresh raw products (meat, milk and poultry) and treated products (cooked and cured meats, frozen vegetables and smoked salmon). occurrence of listeria spp. varied from 8.1% in soft cheese to 76.3% in raw poultry samples. the highest incidence of l. monocytogenes also occurred in raw poultry (36.1% positiv ...	2004	14751690
caat-box, contigs-assembly and annotation tool-box for genome sequencing projects.	contigs-assembly and annotation tool-box (caat-box) is a software package developed for the computational part of a genome project where the sequence is obtained by a shotgun strategy. caat-box contains new tools to predict links between contigs by using similarity searches with other whole genome sequences. most importantly, it allows annotation of a genome to commence during the finishing phase using a gene-oriented strategy. for this purpose, caat-box creates an individual protein file (ipf) ...	2004	14752000
[meningitis by listeria in children].	listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of bacterial meningoencephalitis in the non-immunocompromised pediatric population. on occasions, the absence of differential characteristics with other bacteria that cause meningitis delays diagnosis and hence treatment, worsening the prognosis.	2004	14752714
[listeriosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in spain. three new cases and literature review].	listeriosis has been considered infrequent among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). only a limited number of listeriosis cases among hiv-infected patients have been published in spain, where the prevalence of hiv infection is relatively high. we present our experience in this field and provide a review of the reported cases in our country.	2004	14757003
[listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an immunocompetent girl].		2004	14757026
signs of spinal cord disease in two heifers caused by listeria monocytogenes.		2004	14758832
recurrent listeria monocytogenes aortic graft infection: confirmation of relapse by molecular subtyping.	based on molecular typing methods, we identified a rare case of a recurrent l. monocytogenes infection resulting from an infected aortic prosthesis as detected by 18-f-fluoro-d-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (fdg pet). our case highlights the usefulness of molecular typing and nuclear imaging methods for understanding l. monocytogenes pathogenesis and epidemiology.	2004	14761724
clpb, a novel member of the listeria monocytogenes ctsr regulon, is involved in virulence but not in general stress tolerance.	clp-hsp100 atpases are a widespread family of ubiquitous proteins that occur in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and play important roles in the folding of newly synthesized proteins and refolding of aggregated proteins. they have also been shown to participate in the virulence of several pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes. here, we describe a member of the clp-hsp100 family of l. monocytogenes that harbors all the characteristics of the clpb subclass, which is absent in the closely rela ...	2004	14762012
characterization of flagellin expression and its role in listeria monocytogenes infection and immunity.	flagellin is the structural component of flagella produced by many pathogenic bacteria and is a potent proinflammatory molecule that mediates these effects through toll-like receptor (tlr) 5. in listeria monocytogenes (lm), flagellin expression is regulated by temperature and has been described as being shut off at 37 degrees c. in this study, we demonstrate that tlr5-mediated cell activation and flagellin expression is maintained at 37 degrees c in some laboratory-adapted strains and in approxi ...	2004	14764107
cutting edge: toll-like receptor signaling in macrophages induces ligands for the nkg2d receptor.	macrophages recognize the presence of infection by using the toll-like receptor (tlr) family of proteins that detect ligands on bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. we show that murine macrophages stimulated with pathogen products known to signal through tlrs express ligands for the nkg2d receptor, found on nk cells, activated cd8(+) t cells and activated macrophages. tlr signaling, through the myd88 adaptor, up-regulates transcription of the retinoic acid early inducible-1 (rae-1) family of ...	2004	14764662
extracellular replication of listeria monocytogenes in the murine gall bladder.	the bacterium listeria monocytogenes can cause a life-threatening systemic illness in humans. despite decades of progress in animal models of listeriosis, much remains unknown about the processes of infection and colonization. here, we report that l. monocytogenes can replicate in the murine gall bladder and provide evidence that its replication there is extracellular and intraluminal. in vivo bioluminescence imaging was employed to determine the location of the infection over time in live anima ...	2004	14764883
a portable array biosensor for detecting multiple analytes in complex samples.	the multi-analyte array biosensor (maab) has been developed at the naval research laboratory (nrl) with the goal of simultaneously detecting and identifying multiple target agents in complex samples with minimal user manipulation. this paper will focus on recent improvements in the biochemical and engineering aspects of this instrument. these improvements have enabled the expansion of the repertoire of analytes detected to include salmonella typhimurium and listeria monocytogenes, and also expan ...	2004	14765282
multi-virulence-locus sequence typing of listeria monocytogenes.	a multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (mvlst) scheme was developed for subtyping listeria monocytogenes, and the results obtained using this scheme were compared to those of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and the published results of other typing methods, including ribotyping (rt) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). a set of 28 strains (eight different serotypes and three known genetic lineages) of l. monocytogenes was selected from a strain collection (n > 1,000 strains) to repres ...	2004	14766571
development and validation of experimental protocols for use of cardinal models for prediction of microorganism growth in food products.	an experimental protocol to validate secondary-model application to foods was suggested. escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, and salmonella were observed in various food categories, such as meat, dairy, egg, or seafood products. the secondary model validated in this study was based on the gamma concept, in which the environmental factors temperature, ph, and water activity (aw) were introduced as individual terms with microbe-dependent parameters, ...	2004	14766591
deregulation of listeria monocytogenes virulence gene expression by two distinct and semi-independent pathways.	expression of the major virulence cluster in listeria monocytogenes is positively regulated by the transcription factor prfa and is influenced by several environmental factors, including the presence of readily metabolized carbohydrates such as cellobiose and glucose. although little is understood about the mechanisms through which environmental factors influence expression of the prfa regulon, evidence for structural and functional similarities of prfa to the crp-fnr family of regulatory protei ...	2004	14766910
physiological implications of class iia bacteriocin resistance in listeria monocytogenes strains.	high-level resistance to class iia bacteriocins has been directly associated with the absent eiiab(man) (mpta) subunit of the mannose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts) (eiit(man)) in listeria monocytogenes strains. class iia bacteriocin-resistant strains used in this study were a spontaneous resistant, l. monocytogenes b73-mr1, and a defined mutant, l. monocytogenes egde-mpta. both strains were previously reported to have the eiiab(man) pts component missing. ...	2004	14766911
the cd8 population in cd4-deficient mice is heavily contaminated with mhc class ii-restricted t cells.	in experiments to study the impact of deficiency in cd4+ t cell help on the magnitude of cd8+ cytotoxic t cell response to pathogens, it was noted that in cd4 gene knockout mice, the cd8 population made significant responses to several nominally major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-restricted epitopes in addition to the expected responses to mhc class i-restricted epitopes. a similar response by cd8+ t cells to class ii-restricted epitopes was not observed in wild-type mice, or in mic ...	2004	14769854
disruption of putative regulatory loci in listeria monocytogenes demonstrates a significant role for fur and perr in virulence.	the ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions encountered in food and during host infection is a sine qua non for a successful listeria monocytogenes infection. this ability is likely to depend on complex regulatory pathways controlled by a number of key regulators. we utilized the pori19 plasmid integration system to analyze the role of six putative regulatory loci in growth under suboptimal environmental conditions and during murine infection. disruption of loci encoding a topoisome ...	2004	14742513
heat shock protein 60 acts as a receptor for the listeria adhesion protein in caco-2 cells.	the 104-kda listeria adhesion protein (lap) in listeria monocytogenes is involved in binding to various mammalian cell lines. however, the receptor that interacts with lap in eukaryotic cells is unknown. in this study, scanning immunoelectron microscopy qualitatively demonstrated greater binding capacity of wild-type (wt) l. monocytogenes strain (f4244) than a lap-deficient mutant strain (kb208) to caco-2 cells. the goal of this study was identification of the host cell receptor for lap. using a ...	2004	14742538
chemokine receptor 5 is dispensable for innate and adaptive immune responses to listeria monocytogenes infection.	chemokine receptor 5 (ccr5) binds macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (mip-1alpha), mip-1beta, rantes, and members of the monocyte chemotactic protein family and is also a receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). ccr5 ligands can suppress hiv-1 entry into cells. in humans, homozygous mutations of the ccr5 gene confer resistance to hiv-1 infection. the role of ccr5 in defense against microbial infection is unclear. in this study we examined the innate and adaptive immune responses of c ...	2004	14742553
new aspects regarding evolution and virulence of listeria monocytogenes revealed by comparative genomics and dna arrays.	listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne bacterial pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of diseases, such as meningitis, septicemia, abortion, and gastroenteritis, in humans and animals. among the 13 l. monocytogenes serovars described, invasive disease is mostly associated with serovar 4b strains. to investigate the genetic diversity of l. monocytogenes strains with different virulence potentials, we partially sequenced an epidemic serovar 4b strain and compared it with the complete sequence of t ...	2004	14742555
listeria meningitis associated with infliximab.	to report a case of listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a 73-year-old man receiving infliximab for rheumatoid arthritis.	2004	14742795
mhc class ia-restricted memory t cells inhibit expansion of a nonprotective mhc class ib (h2-m3)-restricted memory response.	listeria monocytogenes infection generates major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ia-restricted and mhc class ib-(h2-m3)-restricted effector and memory cd8+ t cells. however, only mhc class ia-restricted memory cells expand after rechallenge, and it is unknown if mhc class ib-restricted memory cd8+ t cells generated by vaccination are protective. we show here that h2-m3-restricted memory cd8+ t cells were capable of secondary expansion but, in contrast to primary h2-m3-restricted effector ...	2004	14745446
inefficient replication of listeria innocua in the cytosol of mammalian cells.	the efficiency of adherence to, internalization by, and replication in the cytosol of j774 macrophages and hep-2 epithelial cells was compared between a nonspreading listeria monocytogenes acta mutant and l. innocua. the studied l. innocua strains were equipped either with listeriolysin alone or with listeriolysin o (llo) and the recently identified hexose-phosphate transporter of l. monocytogenes. all listerial strains expressed green fluorescent protein (gfp) under the control of the prfa-depe ...	2004	14745696
study of two bacteriocins produced by enterococcus casseliflavus and ent. faecalis.	the antimicrobial activity of two plasmid-borne bacteriocins produced by enterococcus casseliflavus im 416k1 and ent. faecalis im 388c and their mating transferability were studied.	2004	14746539
effects of high-pressure processing on listeria monocytogenes, spoilage microflora and multiple compound quality indices in chilled cold-smoked salmon.	to evaluate the effect of high-pressure processing (hpp) on listeria monocytogenes, microbial and chemical changes and shelf-life in chilled cold-smoked salmon (css).	2004	14723701
regulation of transcription of compatible solute transporters by the general stress sigma factor, sigmab, in listeria monocytogenes.	listeria monocytogenes is well known for its durable physiological characteristics, which allow the organism to grow at low temperature and ph and high osmolarity. growth under high osmolarity depends on the accumulation of compatible solutes, among which glycine betaine and carnitine are the preferred solutes for this organism. three different transport systems, gbu, betl, and opuc, have been identified in l. monocytogenes which serve to scavenge the preferred compatible solutes. the general st ...	2004	14729706
lactoferricin influences early events of listeria monocytogenes infection in thp-1 human macrophages.	bovine lactoferrin (blf) and its derivative peptide lactoferricin b (lfcinb) are known for their antimicrobial activity towards several pathogens, including listeria monocytogenes, a food-borne gram-positive invasive bacterium that infects a wide variety of host cells, including professional phagocytes. to add further information on the antibacterial effects of these compounds, the influence of blf, lfcinb and the antimicrobial centre of lfcinb, the hexapeptide lfcinb(4-9), on the invasive behav ...	2004	14729926
global changes in gene expression observed at the transition from growth to stationary phase in listeria monocytogenes scotta batch culture.	listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne gram-positive bacterium that is responsible for a variety of infections (worldwide) annually. the organism is able to survive a variety of environmental conditions and stresses, however, the mechanisms by which l. monocytogenes adapts to environmental change are yet to be fully elucidated. an understanding of the mechanism(s) by which l. monocytogenes survives unfavourable environmental conditions will aid in developing new food processing methods to contro ...	2004	14730677
prosthetic valve endocarditis due to listeria monocytogenes. report of two cases and reviews.	endocarditis due to listeria monocytogenes is a rare but serious disease often leading to valve dysfunction and heart failure. two cases of listerial prosthetic valve endocarditis are reviewed along with 66 cases previously reported.	2004	14732327
regression of hpv-positive tumors treated with a new listeria monocytogenes vaccine.	human papillomavirus (hpv) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of 15% to 23% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas as well as most oropharyngeal carcinomas. the viral oncoproteins e6 and e7 are expressed in hpv-positive tumor cells and therefore provide ideal targets for tumor immunotherapy. because of its unique ability to induce a cellular immune response, the intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes has been studied as a potential hpv-positive tumor vaccine.	2004	14732776
roles of caspase-1 in listeria infection in mice.	caspase-1 [il-1beta-converting enzyme (ice)] processes substrate precursor molecules to yield the biologically active form of il-1beta and il-18, both of which are considered to play important roles in the host defense by activation of both innate and adaptive immunity. we evaluated the immune response of caspase-1(-/-) mice to listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection. lm eradication in the early phase of infection was impaired in the mutant mice with a prominent decrease in il-18 and ifn-gamma pro ...	2004	14734619
escherichia coli expressing recombinant antigen and listeriolysin o stimulate class i-restricted cd8+ t cells following uptake by human apc.	vaccination against cancer or intracellular pathogens requires stimulation of class i-restricted cd8(+) t cells. it is therefore important to develop ag delivery vectors that will promote cross-presentation by apcs and stimulate appropriate inflammatory responses. toward this goal, we tested the potential of escherichia coli as an ag delivery vector in in vitro human culture. bacteria expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein were internalized efficiently by dendritic cells, as shown by flow ...	2004	14734740
antigen-specific cd8+ t cell responses in intestinal tissues during murine listeriosis.	infection of mice with listeria monocytogenes induces a strong cd8+ t cell response, which is critical for the control of bacteria and for protection against re-infection. we analyzed the cd8+ t cell response in different intestinal tissues following oral and intravenous (i.v.) l. monocytogenes infection. after oral infection, bacterial titers in small intestine and large intestine, and the listeria-specific cd8+ t cell response in the mucosa of both parts of the intestine, were highly correlate ...	2004	14738888
adhesins and invasins of pathogenic bacteria: a structural view.	adhesion and invasion of pathogenic bacteria represent the important initial step of infection. pathogens utilize surface-located adhesins/invasins for specific interaction with host cell receptors. the three-dimensional structures of a number of adhesins/invasins show that many are elongated molecules containing domains commonly found in eukaryotic proteins. similar folds are employed repeatedly to target different receptors.	2004	14738899
comparative analysis of multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for characterizing listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from environmental and clinical sources.	one hundred seventy-five listeria monocytogenes strains were characterized by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) based on loci in acta, betl, hlya, gyrb, pgm, and reca. one hundred twenty-two sequence types (sts) were identified by mlst based on allelic profiles of the four housekeeping genes (betl, gyrb, pgm, and reca), and 34 and 38 alleles were identified for hlya and acta, respectively. several acta and hlya alleles appeared to be predo ...	2004	14715765
effect of reheating on viability of a five-strain mixture of listeria monocytogenes in vacuum-sealed packages of frankfurters following refrigerated or frozen storage.	the purpose of this study was to assess consumer preferences for storing and reheating frankfurters and to use this information to assess the effect of product formulation and storage times and temperatures on the viability of listeria monocytogenes after reheating of frankfurters. individual links were inoculated with about 8.0 log cfu per package of a five-strain mixture of the pathogen, vacuum sealed, and stored at 4 degrees c for 3 and 15 days and at -18 degrees c for 30 days. frankfurters f ...	2004	14717354
reduction and survival of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meats after irradiation.	a five-strain listeria monocytogenes culture was inoculated onto six different types of ready-to-eat (rte) meats (frankfurters, ham, roast beef, bologna, smoked turkey with lactate, and smoked turkey without lactate). the meats were vacuum packed and stored at 4 degrees c for 24 h prior to irradiation. populations of l. monocytogenes were recovered by surface plating on nonselective and selective media. the margins of safety studied include 3-log (3d) and 5-log (5d) reduction of pathogenic bacte ...	2004	14717355
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of natural extracts in vitro and in ground beef.	inhibition of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella typhimurium, and listeria monocytogenes by grape seed extract (activin) and pine bark extract (pycnogenol) and the effect of these natural extracts on the oxidative stability of raw ground beef were studied. in an agar dilution test, the mics of activin and pycnogenol were determined to be 4.0 mg/ml for 4.43 log cfu per plate of e. coli o157:h7 and 4.0 mg/ml for 4.38 log cfu per plate of l. monocytogenes. in an inhibition curve test, populations ...	2004	14717365
bacterial contamination of recirculating brine used in the commercial production of moisture-enhanced pork.	in a commercial process for the production of moisture-enhanced pork, boneless pork loins were conveyed through a recirculating injection apparatus, and brine (sodium phosphate, sodium chloride, and lemon juice solids) was pumped into the meat through banks of needles inserted automatically into the upper surfaces of cuts. brine samples were collected at intervals during the production process and analyzed to determine the total plate count and the numbers of lactic acid bacteria, pseudomonads, ...	2004	14717372
enrichment and dna extraction protocols for the simultaneous detection of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in raw sausage meat with multiplex real-time pcr.	a novel method of dna extraction and purification was developed and was used in conjunction with a multiplex real-time pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in a raw meat sample. the pcr used primers targeting the inva gene of salmonella and the hlya gene of l. monocytogenes, and pcr products were detected with a lightcycler on the basis of fluorescence from sybr green and melting temperature. the assay allowed the detection of 3 listeria cells and 4 s ...	2004	14717373
effect of prestorage treatmlents and storage conditions on the survival of salmonella enteritidis pt4 and listeria monocytogenes on fresh marine and freshwater aquaaculture fish.	the effect of prestorage treatments, such as immersion in a sorbate solution (5%, wt/vol), heating (60 degrees c, 1 min), and a combination of the two treatments, and the subsequent storage in air or under modified atmosphere packaging (map; 40% co2, 30% o2, and 30% n2) at chill temperatures (0 +/- 1 degrees c), on listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis pt4 was studied. the prestorage treatments affected the pathogenic bacteria, and in all cases, there was a decrease in their populati ...	2004	14717374
isolation of pathogenic listeria monocytogenes and detection of antibodies against phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c in buffaloes.	the isolation of pathogenic listeria spp. in bacteriological samples, and anti-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (anti-piplc) antibodies in sera of buffaloes were studied. isolation of the pathogen was attempted from the samples by selective enrichment in university of vermont medium and plating onto dominguez-rodriguez isolation agar. pathogenicity of the isolates was tested by christie, atkins, munch petersen test and mice incoulation test. listeria spp. and l. monocytogenes were i ...	2004	14690723
gadd45beta is important for perpetuating cognate and inflammatory signals in t cells.	gadd45beta (growth arrest and dna damage-inducible, beta) is involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, signal transduction and cell survival. in t cells, gadd45b was rapidly induced by t cell receptor (tcr) and inflammatory signals. deficiency of gadd45beta in cd4+ t cells impaired their responses to tcr stimulation or inflammatory cytokines. erk, p38 and jnk activation were all substantially suppressed in gadd45beta-deficient cd4+ t cells. cytokine production by gadd45beta-deficient cd4+ t cell ...	2004	14691480
macrophage activation and fcgamma receptor-mediated signaling do not require expression of the slp-76 and slp-65 adaptors.	the src-homology 2 domain-containing, leukocyte-specific phosphoprotein of 76 kda (slp-76) is a hematopoietic adaptor that plays a central role during immunoreceptor-mediated activation of t lymphocytes and mast cells and collagen receptor-induced activation of platelets. despite similar levels of expression in macrophages, slp-76 is not required for fc receptor for immunoglobulin g (igg; fcgammar)-mediated activation. we hypothesized that the related adaptor slp-65, which is also expressed in m ...	2004	14694181
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by enterocin ej97 produced by enterococcus faecalis ej97.	enterocin ej97 from enterococcus faecalis ej97 showed a concentration-dependent antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes cect 4032. activity of enterocin ej97 against l. monocytogenes cect 4032 increased slightly at 4 degrees c, and cold-adapted cells did not show any increased resistance. sensitivity of l. monocytogenes cect 4032 to enterocin ej97 was not modified by the addition of sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, nacl or sodium tripolyphosphate. anti-listeria activity was enhance ...	2004	14698097
evaluation of a challenge testing protocol to assess the stability of ready-to-eat cooked meat products against growth of listeria monocytogenes.	challenge testing of ready-to-eat (rte) foods with listeria monocytogenes is recommended to assess the potential for growth. the present study was undertaken to evaluate a protocol for challenge testing applied to rte cooked meat products. in order to choose l. monocytogenes strains with a representative behaviour, initially, the variability of the response of multiple l. monocytogenes strains of human and food origin to different stress and growth conditions was established. the strains were no ...	2004	14698103
evidence implicating the 5' untranslated region of listeria monocytogenes acta in the regulation of bacterial actin-based motility.	the acta protein of listeria monocytogenes is a major virulence factor, essential for the recruitment and polymerization of host actin filaments that lead to intracellular motility and cell-to-cell spread of bacteria within the infected host. the expression of acta is tightly regulated and is strongly induced only when l. monocytogenes is within the host cytosol. intracellular induction of acta expression is mediated through a single promoter element that directs the expression of a messenger rn ...	2004	14706101
mice deficient in lrg-47 display increased susceptibility to mycobacterial infection associated with the induction of lymphopenia.	although ifn-gamma is essential for host control of mycobacterial infection, the mechanisms by which the cytokine restricts pathogen growth are only partially understood. lrg-47 is an ifn-inducible gtp-binding protein previously shown to be required for ifn-gamma-dependent host resistance to acute listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii infections. to examine the role of lrg-47 in control of mycobacterial infection, lrg-47(-/-) and wild-type mice were infected with mycobacterium avium, and ...	2004	14707092
identification of novel eubacteria from spent mushroom compost (smc) waste by dna sequence typing: ecological considerations of disposal on agricultural land.	a small study was undertaken to examine the microbiological characteristics of spent mushroom compost (smc), which is the major waste by-product of the mushroom industry and which is regularly disposed off by application to agricultural land. the primary aim of this study was to examine smc for the presence of faecal bacterial pathogens, including campylobacter spp., salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes. secondly it was desirable to quantify bacterial and fungal populations within smc, and ...	2004	14672727
effective control of listeria monocytogenes by combination of nisin formulated and slowly released into a broth system.	in order to identify conditions for efficient food preservation by nisin, the sensitivity of listeria monocytogenes to this preservative was studied under the following three model conditions: (1) the instantaneous addition of nisin into broth medium to simulate the formation of nisin in foods, (2) the slow delivery of nisin solution into broth medium using a pump to simulate the slow release of nisin from packaging materials to foods, (3) a combination of the two delivery methods. based on the ...	2004	14672827
enhancement of nisin, lysozyme, and monolaurin antimicrobial activities by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and lactoferrin.	a microtiter plate assay was employed to systematically assess the interaction between ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) or lactoferrin and nisin, lysozyme, or monolaurin against strains of listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, and pseudomonas fluorescens. low levels of edta acted synergistically with nisin and lysozyme against l. monocytogenes but edta and monolaurin interacted additively against this microorganism. edta synergistically enhanced the activity of ...	2004	14672831
modelling and predicting the simultaneous growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage micro-organisms in cold-smoked salmon.	to evaluate and model the simultaneous growth of listeria monocytogenes and spoilage micro-organisms in cold-smoked salmon.	2004	14678163
the contribution of bacteriocin to inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by carnobacterium piscicola strains in cold-smoked salmon systems.	to study the importance of bacteriocin production for the antilisterial effect of a bacteriocinogenic carnobacterium piscicola strain a9b on growth of listeria monocytogenes in broth and cold-smoked salmon systems.	2004	14678166
effect of diesel exhaust particulate (dep) on immune responses: contributions of particulate versus organic soluble components.	the effect of diesel exhaust particulate (dep) exposure on innate, cellular and humoral pulmonary immunity was studied using high-dose, acute-exposure rat, mouse, and cell culture models. dep consists of a complex mixture of petrochemical-derived organics adsorbed onto elemental carbon particles. dep is a major component of particulate urban air pollution and a health concern in both urban and occupational environments. the alveolar macrophage is considered a key cellular component in pulmonary ...	2004	14681077
soluble metals associated with residual oil fly ash increase morbidity and lung injury after bacterial infection in rats.	inhalation of residual oil fly ash (rofa) has been shown to impair lung defense mechanisms in laboratory animals and susceptible populations. bioavailability of soluble transition metals has been shown to play a key role in lung injury caused by rofa exposure. the goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of soluble metals on lung defense and injury in animals preexposed to rofa followed by pulmonary challenge with a bacterial pathogen. rofa was suspended in saline (rofa-total), incubated ov ...	2004	14681079
oral (gavage), in utero and post-natal exposure of sprague-dawley rats to low doses of tributyltin chloride. part ii: effects on the immune system.	the immunotoxic effects of tributyltin chloride (tbtc) were examined in the offspring of sprague-dawley rats exposed in utero from day 8 of gestation, through lactation and post-weaning until pups reached the age of 30 days (male and female), 60 days (female) and 90 days (male). daily oral (gavage) doses of 0.025, 0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg body weight/day were administered in olive oil 7 days/week. immunologic endpoints were investigated at the termination of each study. statistically significant resul ...	2004	14667469
the effect of diffusion, depolymerization and nucleation promoting factors on actin gel growth.	in eukaryotic cells, localized actin polymerization is able to deform the plasma membrane and push the cell forward. depolymerization of actin filaments and diffusion of actin monomers ensure the availability of monomers at sites of polymerization, and therefore these processes must play an active role in cellular actin dynamics. here we reveal experimental evidence that actin gel growth can be limited by monomer diffusion, consistent with theoretical predictions. we study actin gels formed on b ...	2004	14663631
suppression of cell-mediated immune responses to listeria infection by repeated exposure to diesel exhaust particles in brown norway rats.	diesel exhaust particles (dep) have been shown to alter pulmonary immune responses to bacterial infection. exposure of rats to 100 mg/m(3) dep for 4 h was found to aggravate listeria monocytogenes(listeria) infection at 3 days postinfection, but the bacteria were largely cleared at 7 days postinfection due to the development of a strong t cell-mediated immunity. in the present study, we examined the effects of repeated dep exposure at lower doses on pulmonary responses to bacterial infection. br ...	2004	14657513
isdg and isdi, heme-degrading enzymes in the cytoplasm of staphylococcus aureus.	staphylococcus aureus requires iron for growth and utilizes heme as a source of iron during infection. staphylococcal surface proteins capture hemoglobin, release heme from hemoglobin and transport this compound across the cell wall envelope and plasma membrane into the bacterial cytoplasm. here we show that staphylococcus aureus isdg and isdi encode cytoplasmic proteins with heme binding properties. isdg and isdi cleave the tetrapyrrol ring structure of heme in the presence of nadph cytochrome ...	2004	14570922
mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses require the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin.	although the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin is widely expressed and has been extensively studied, it has not been previously implicated in mast cell biology. we observed that alpha 2 integrin subunit-deficient mice exhibited markedly diminished neutrophil and interleukin-6 responses during listeria monocytogenes- and zymosan-induced peritonitis. since exudative neutrophils of wild-type mice expressed little alpha 2 beta 1 integrin, it seemed unlikely that this integrin mediated neutrophil migration dir ...	2004	14645004
molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad)	it has been reported that almost 85% of critically ill patients in hospitals have fever but show no apparent signs of infection (2, 3). prolonged febrile episodes are often fatal, so the detection of infection at an early stage is important in patient management to achieve a favorable treatment outcome. radiological (x-ray computed tomography) and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging) techniques are often not suitable for the early detection of infection because such techniques are focused on spe ...	2004	20641940
bacterial populations associated with meat from the deboning room of a high throughput red meat abattoir.	developing countries are faced with high incidences of food poisoning outbreaks, with obvious economic consequences. in highly perishable foodstuffs such as fresh red meat the threat of food poisoning is particularly intense. in this study, red meat samples were collected from a deboning room of a high throughput abattoir. the samples were analysed for the presence of bacillus cereus., staphylococcus aureus., pseudomonas spp., listeria monocytogenes., escherichia coli and salmonella spp. the aer ...	2004	22060877
comparison of electrolyzed oxidizing water with other antimicrobial interventions to reduce pathogens on fresh pork.	to date, the effectiveness of electrolyzed oxidizing (eo) water against bacteria associated with fresh pork has not been determined. using a hand-held, food-grade garden sprayer, distilled water (w), chlorinated water (cl; 25 ppm), 2% lactic acid (la), acidic eo water (eoa), or "aged" acidic eo water (aeoa; stored at 4 °c for 24 h) was sprayed (15 s) onto pork bellies inoculated with feces containing listeria monocytogenes (lm), salmonella typhimurium (st), and campylobacter coli (cc). remaining ...	2004	22062415
use of irradiation to control foodborne pathogens and extend the refrigerated market life of rabbit meat.	this study set out to evaluate the microbiological status of rabbit meat and the possibility of using irradiation to control foodborne pathogenic bacteria and extend the refrigerated storage life of meat. rabbit meat samples were ? irradiated at doses of 0, 1.5 and 3 kgy. the samples were stored at refrigeration temperature, then the effects of irradiation and storage on their microbiological, chemical and sensory properties were studied. irradiation at 1.5 kgy significantly reduced the counts o ...	2004	22061802
effect of food grade organic acids on inoculated s. aureus, l. monocytogenes, e. coli and s. typhimurium in sheep/goat meat stored at refrigeration temperature.	sheep/goat forequarters procured from freshly slaughtered animals were decontaminated with hot water and inoculated with staphylococcus aureus, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. the forequarters were individually spray washed with 2% lactic acid and 1.5% acetic + 1.5% propionic acid combination. total viable count (tvc) of the treated meat samples was reduced by about 0.52 and 1.16 log units with marginal changes in colour and odour scores. inoculated organisms ...	2004	22061013
growth of listeria monocytogenes on vacuum-packaged horsemeat for human consumption.	in order to investigate the likelihood of listeria monocytogenes (serotype 4b, atcc 19115) growth on vacuum-packaged horsemeat at refrigeration temperature, fourteen horsemeat surface/volume homogeneous 150 g weight pieces were superficially inoculated with serotype 4b l. monocytogenes and vacuum packaged. the samples were stored at 4±1 °c. two pieces (one for ph determination and one for l. monocytogenes counts) were examined at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. surface ph did not show signific ...	2004	22062545
evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid, norstictic acid, and protocetraric acid constituents.	the acetone extract of the lichen ramalina farinacea and its (+)-usnic acid constituent showed antimicrobial activity against bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, proteus vulgaris, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, yersinia enterocolitica, candida albicans, and candida glabrata. norstictic acid was active against aeromonas hydrophila as well as the above microorganisms except yersinia enterocolitica. protocetraric acid showed activity only against the tested yeasts candida alb ...	2004	18998406
specific detection of cytopathogenic listeria monocytogenes using a two-step method of immunoseparation and cytotoxicity analysis.	the development of rapid methods for detection of viable listeria monocytogenes is crucial to prevent listeriosis and product recalls. while immunomagnetic separation has been used for isolating listeria spp., lack of specificity and pathogenicity determination render this method unsatisfactory. a two-step method using protein a agarose beads (immunobeads) coated with a more specific antibody, monoclonal antibody (mab)-c11e9 for l. monocytogenes was developed. immunobeads were allowed to capture ...	2005	15590100
[listeria endophthalmitis].	listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of endogenous endophthalmitis. during the last 20 years about 30 cases have been published, all of which showed similar clinical features and a profound visual loss mainly owing to delayed diagnosis. this case report is about an otherwise healthy 41-year-old woman whose diagnosis was established 17 days after the onset of symptoms by microbiological cultures. under sufficient therapy signs of local inflammation disappeared and intraocular pressure decreased ...	2005	15480698
listeria monocytogenes produces a pro-invasive factor that signals via erbb2/erbb3 heterodimers.	we have previously demonstrated that conditioned medium from bacteria, some of which were isolated from the colon of cancer patients, stimulate cancer cell invasion in vitro through a 13-mer beta-casein-derived peptide. since invasion signalling pathways are coordinated by the balance between protein kinases and phosphatases, we investigated the effect of conditioned medium from bacteria on the overall cellular tyrosine phosphorylation.	2005	15480783
impairment of host resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection in liver of db/db and ob/ob mice.	leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that regulates a number of physiological functions, including energy homeostasis and immune function. in immune responses, leptin plays a role in the induction of inflammation. we investigated a role of leptin in listeria monocytogenes infection using leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. these mutant mice were highly susceptible to l. monocytogenes, and the elimination of bacteria from the liver was inhibited. after infectio ...	2005	15616027
salmonella-mediated oral dna vaccination using stabilized eukaryotic expression plasmids.	the use of salmonella for the delivery of plasmid-encoded heterologous antigens to eukaryotic host cells has proven successful in experimental systems, but its general applicability is still hampered by a severe instability of transformants carrying these expression plasmids. to overcome the problem of plasmid instability, new low copy number expression plasmids were constructed using different replicons. comparative studies between transformants of the high copy number plasmid pcmvbeta and the ...	2005	15616604
salmonella pathogenicity island 2-mediated overexpression of chimeric ssph2 proteins for simultaneous induction of antigen-specific cd4 and cd8 t cells.	salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium employs two different type iii secretion systems (ttss) encoded within salmonella pathogenicity islands 1 and 2 (spi1 and spi2) for targeting of effector proteins into the cytosol of eukaryotic cells during different stages of the infection cycle. the spi1 ttss translocates virulence factors across the plasma membrane when the bacterium initially contacts the host cell. in contrast, the spi2 ttss functions to translocate proteins across the membrane of the ...	2005	15618170
truncated internalin a and asymptomatic listeria monocytogenes carriage: in vivo investigation by allelic exchange.	allelic exchange of the region coding for the c terminus of inla between one epidemic (with an 80-kda inla) and one asymptomatic (with a 47-kda inla) carriage listeria monocytogenes strain confirmed the need for this region for internalin entry in vitro. interestingly, restoration of internalin a functionality did not result in full virulence in chicken embryo assays.	2005	15618209
differential protein expression by porphyromonas gingivalis in response to secreted epithelial cell components.	the human oral pathogen porphyromonas gingivalis colonizes the gingival crevice and invades gingival epithelial cells. multidimensional capillary high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were used to analyze the proteome of p. gingivalis as it adapts to a set of experimental conditions designed to reflect important features of an epithelial cell environment. 1014 proteins (46% of the total theoretical proteome) were iden ...	2005	15619293
listeria's right-handed helical rocket-tail trajectories: mechanistic implications for force generation in actin-based motility.	listeria monocytogenes forms right-handed helical rocket tail trajectories during actin-based motility in cell-free extracts, and this stereochemical feature is consistent with actoclampin's affinity-modulated, clamped-filament elongation model [dickinson and purich, 2002: biophys j 82:605-617]. in that mechanism, right-handed torque is generated by an end-tracking molecular motor, each comprised of a filament barbed end and clamping protein that processively traces the right-handed helix of its ...	2005	15627275
analysis of the listeria cell wall proteome by two-dimensional nanoliquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.	genome analyses have revealed that the gram-positive bacterial species listeria monocytogenes and l. innocua contain a large number of genes encoding surface proteins predicted to be covalently bound to the cell wall (41 and 34, respectively). the function of most of these proteins is unknown and they have not even been identified biochemically. here, we report the first characterization of the listeria cell wall proteome using a nonelectrophoretic approach. the material analyzed consisted of a ...	2005	15627966
sigb-dependent in vitro transcription of prfa and some newly identified genes of listeria monocytogenes whose expression is affected by prfa in vivo.	recent studies have identified several new genes in listeria monocytogenes which are positively or negatively affected by prfa and grouped into three classes (e. milohanic et al., mol. microbiol. 47:1613-1625, 2003). in vitro transcription performed with promoters of some class iii genes showed strict sigb-dependent but prfa-independent transcription initiation. transcription starting at the prfa promoter pprfa2 was also optimal with sigb-loaded rna polymerase, suggesting a direct link between s ...	2005	15629954
mislocalization or reduced expression of arf gtpase-activating protein asap1 inhibits cell spreading and migration by influencing arf1 gtpase cycling.	adp-ribosylation factor (arf) family of small gtp-binding proteins plays a central role in membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal remodeling. asap1 (arf-gap containing sh3, ankyrin repeats, and ph domain) is a phospholipid-dependent arf gtpase-activating protein (arf-gap) that binds to protein-tyrosine kinases src and focal adhesion kinase. using affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry (ms), we identified the adaptor protein cd2-associated protein (cd2ap) as a candidate binding partner of a ...	2005	15632162
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in an immunocompetent adult patient.	to report an interesting case of meningitis caused by listeria monocytogenes in an immunocompetent adult.	2005	15608483
lyophilized preparations of bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus curvatus and lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis as potential protective adjuncts to control listeria monocytogenes in dry-fermented sausages.	study of the effectiveness of in situ bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria (lab) to control listeria monocytogenes in dry-fermented sausages.	2005	15610417
growth inhibition of listeria monocytogenes by a nonbacteriocinogenic carnobacterium piscicola.	this study elucidates the mechanisms by which a nonbacteriocinogenic carnobacterium piscicola inhibits growth of listeria monocytogenes.	2005	15610430
host adaptor proteins gab1 and crkii promote inlb-dependent entry of listeria monocytogenes.	the bacterial surface protein inlb mediates internalization of listeria monocytogenes into mammalian cells through interaction with the host receptor tyrosine kinase, met. inlb/met interaction results in activation of the host phosphoinositide (pi) 3-kinase p85-p110, an event required for bacterial entry. p85-p110 activation coincides with tyrosine phosphorylation of the host adaptor gab1, and formation of complexes between gab1 and the p85 regulatory subunit of pi 3-kinase. when phosphorylated ...	2005	15679846
changes in growth, rrna content, and cell morphology of listeria monocytogenes induced by co2 up- and downshift.	cell morphology, rrna content, and growth were examined for listeria monocytogenes lo28 and egd, respectively, grown in brain-heart infusion (bhi) and on slices of sausage at 10 degrees c in 100% co2, 100% n2, and air. in co2, filamentous cells were formed by both strains on sausage slices and by l. monocytogenes egd in bhi. filamentation was not induced by anaerobiosis only. fluorescent in situ rrna hybridization (fish) of cells grown in bhi showed that the l. monocytogenes egd filaments consis ...	2005	15681042
enhanced resistance to gram-positive bacterium and increased susceptibility to bacterial endotoxin in mice sensitized with propionibacterium acnes: involvement of toll-like receptor.	mice sensitized with propionibacterium acnes showed an enhanced resistance against infection with listeria monocytogenes in contrast to the increased susceptibility to lps-induced endotoxin shock. the enhanced protection to l. monocytogenes was mediated by activated innate immunity but not by generation of listeria-specific acquired immunity. after infection with l. monocytogenes, the elimination of bacteria was observed earlier in accordance with a higher level of endogenous cytokine production ...	2005	15681160
supportive and inhibitory elements of a putative prfa-dependent promoter in listeria monocytogenes.	elements essential for prfa-dependent transcription were analysed on two promoters of listeria monocytogenes, the prfa-dependent promoter of the phospholipase gene plca (pplca) and a putative promoter of the aroa gene (paroa2) which contains a similar prfa-binding site and a similar -10 box as pplca but does not function as prfa-dependent promoter. we constructed a series of hybrid plca-aroa promoters by exchanging corresponding sequence elements of these two 'promoters'. the results showed that ...	2005	15686548
a prfa-regulated bile exclusion system (bile) is a novel virulence factor in listeria monocytogenes.	the ability to colonize the gall bladder has recently been shown to be an important feature of virulent listeria monocytogenes (j. hardy, k. p. francis, m. deboer, p. chu, k. gibbs, c. h. contag. science 303: 851-853, 2004). we suggest that the cytotoxic effects of bile may be increased upon release from the gall bladder into the upper small intestine, and report the identification of a novel bile exclusion system which plays an essential role in intestinal colonization and virulence of l. monoc ...	2005	15686563
comparative assessment of acid, alkali and salt tolerance in listeria monocytogenes virulent and avirulent strains.	listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of man and animals that has the capacity to survive under extreme environmental conditions. while our knowledge on l. monocytogenes and its ability to sustain within wide ph and temperature ranges and salt concentrations has been largely built on the virulent strains of this species, relatively little is known about avirulent strains in this regard. in this study, we extend our analysis on avirulent l. monocytogenes strains. by subjec ...	2005	15686837
[the incidence of bacterial cns infections in roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) in bavaria].	brain samples of 849 wild ruminants (654 roe deer, 189 red deer and 6 chamois) from bavaria were examined for the occurrence of encephalopathies caused by bacteria, using cultural, serological and genetic methods. in addition, 87 brain samples were investigated histologically for clarification of the pathogenetic relevance of specific microorganisms. using conventional bacteriological methods, 464 different bacteria were isolated. 229 of them could be differentiated to the genus level and 235 to ...	2005	15690635
effect of salting and cold-smoking process on the culturability, viability, and virulence of listeria monocytogenes strain scott a.	the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of the different steps of the cold-smoking process and vacuum storage on the culturability and viability of listeria monocytogenes strain scott a inoculated in sterile salmon samples. additionally, the virulence of l. monocytogenes cells was assessed by intravenous inoculation of immunocompetent mice. salmon (salmo salar) portions were inoculated with l. monocytogenes at a level of 6 log cfu/g and were then dry salted (5.9%), smoked (0.74 ...	2005	15690807
formation of biofilms by listeria monocytogenes under various growth conditions.	eight strains of listeria monocytogenes (7644, 19112, 15313, scott a, lcdc, 10403s, slcc, and 1370) produce biofilms when grown on polyvinyl chloride microtiter well plates. the growth medium (tryptic soy broth [tsb] or modified welshimer's broth [mwb] at 32 degrees c) influenced the amount of biofilm formed; maximum biofilms were formed in mwb by six strains and in tsb by the remaining two strains. this result suggests that the growth medium is critical in development of l. monocytogenes biofil ...	2005	15690808
production, purification, and characterization of micrococcin go5, a bacteriocin produced by micrococcus sp. go5 isolated from kimchi.	strain go5, a bacteriocin-producing bacterium, was isolated from green onion kimchi and identified as micrococcus sp. the bacteriocin, micrococcin go5, displayed a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity against a variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms, as tested by the spot-on-lawn method; its activity spectrum was almost identical to that of nisin. micrococcin go5 was inactivated by trypsin (whereas nisin was not) and was completely stable at 100 degrees c for 30 min and in the p ...	2005	15690819
elimination of listeria monocytogenes from ready-to-eat turkey and cheese tortilla wraps using ionizing radiation.	listeria monocytogenes is a common postprocess contaminant on ready-to-eat foods including premade ready-to-eat sandwiches. one popular type of sandwich product is the tortilla wrap, which contains sliced luncheon meats and cheeses rolled within a flour tortilla. this study determined the radiation resistance of l. monocytogenes surface inoculated onto two types of commercially available wheat flour tortillas, processed cheese slices, and deli turkey meat. the d10-values for l. monocytogenes (th ...	2005	15690820
effect of prior growth conditions on the thermal inactivation of 13 strains of listeria monocytogenes in two heating menstrua.	the thermal tolerance of 13 listeria monocytogenes strains was tested using a submerged heating coil apparatus. the strains were grown individually for 18 h at 37 degrees c in acidogenic tryptic soy broth (without dextrose) supplemented with 1% glucose and 1% glutamine (tsb+g) or nonacidogenic tryptic soy broth supplemented with 1% glutamine but containing no glucose (dextrose) (tsb-g). the former medium results in cells induced for ph-dependent, stationary-phase acid resistance, whereas the lat ...	2005	15690821
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella by natural antimicrobials and high hydrostatic pressure in sliced cooked ham.	the effectiveness of nisin, lactate salts, and high hydrostatic pressure to inhibit the growth of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella in sliced cooked ham was studied through a combination of pcr-based detection methods, most probable number, and classical microbial enumeration techniques (international organization for standardization protocols). a synergistic effect to inhibit a cocktail of listeria monocytogenes ctc1010, ctc1011, and ctc1034 was observed between potassium lactate, high hydr ...	2005	15690822