Publications

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endophytic fungi piriformospora indica mediated protection of host from arsenic toxicity.complex intercellular interaction is a common theme in plant-pathogen/symbiont relationship. cellular physiology of both the partners is affected by abiotic stress. however, little is known about the degree of protection each offers to the other from different types of environmental stress. our current study focused on the changes in response to toxic arsenic in the presence of an endophytic fungus piriformospora indica that colonizes the paddy roots. the primary impact of arsenic was observed i ...201728539916
genomic variation associated with local adaptation of weedy rice during de-domestication.de-domestication is a unique evolutionary process by which domesticated crops are converted into 'wild predecessor like' forms. weedy rice (oryza sativa f. spontanea) is an excellent model to dissect the molecular processes underlying de-domestication. here, we analyse the genomes of 155 weedy and 76 locally cultivated rice accessions from four representative regions in china that were sequenced to an average 18.2 × coverage. phylogenetic and demographic analyses indicate that chinese weedy rice ...201728537247
does arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus affect cadmium uptake and chemical forms in rice at different growth stages?effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf) - rhizophagus intraradices (a mix of root pieces, mycelium pieces and spores) on the temporal variation of cd uptake and chemical forms in rice at four growth periods (tillering, jointing, flowering, and ripening stages) were investigated in soil added with 0, 2 and 10mgcdkg-1. results showed that the interactions amongst rice growth stages, soil cd concentrations and mycorrhizal inoculation had significant effects (p˂0.001) on root biomass, str ...201728531965
accumulation, translocation and conversion of six arsenic species in rice plants grown near a mine impacted city.paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) as the staple food in china was found to be efficient in accumulating arsenic (as) due to cultivated in flooded paddy soil. uptake and translocation of as in rice plant depended on the as species. in this work, rice plant samples including roots, straws and grains as well as rhizosphere soils were collected from paddy fields near changsha, a mine impacted city in southern china. the total as concentrations in the collected samples were observed in the descending orde ...201728531558
rna-seq analysis of gene expression for floral development in crested wheatgrass (agropyron cristatum l.).crested wheatgrass [agropyron cristatum l. (gaertn.)] is widely used for early spring grazing in western canada and the development of late maturing cultivars which maintain forage quality for a longer period is desired. however, it is difficult to manipulate the timing of floral transition, as little is known about molecular mechanism of plant maturity in this species. in this study, rna-seq and differential gene expression analysis were performed to investigate gene expression for floral initi ...201728531235
influence of amendments on cd and zn uptake and accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) in contaminated soil.cadmium is a toxic metallic element that poses serious human health risks via consumption of contaminated agricultural products. the effect of mixtures of dicalcium phosphate and organic amendments, namely cow manure (md) and leonardite (ld), on cd and zn uptake of three rice cultivars (kdml105, kd53, and psl2) was examined in mesocosm experiments. plant growth, cd and zn accumulation, and physicochemical properties of the test soils were investigated before and after plant harvest. amendment ap ...201728528502
improved stress tolerance and productivity in transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing the oryza sativa glutathione synthetase osgs under paddy field conditions.reactive oxygen species, which increase under various environmental stresses, have deleterious effects on plants. an important antioxidant, glutathione, is used to detoxify reactive oxygen species in plant cells and is mainly produced by two enzymes: gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ecs) and glutathione synthetase (gs). to evaluate the functional roles of the glutathione synthetase gene (osgs) in rice, we generated four independent transgenic rice plants (tg1-tg4) that overexpressed osgs und ...201728527337
association mapping of yield and yield-related traits under reproductive stage drought stress in rice (oryza sativa l.).the identification and introgression of major-effect qtls for grain yield under drought are some of the best and well-proven approaches for improving the drought tolerance of rice varieties. in the present study, we characterized malaysian rice germplasm for yield and yield-related traits and identified significant trait marker associations by structured association mapping.201728523639
genomics of interaction between the brown planthopper and rice.rice (oryza sativa l.) and the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens (stål)) form a model system for dissection of the mechanism of interaction between insect pest and crop. in this review, we focus on the genomics of bph-rice interaction. on the side of rice, a number of bph-resistance genes have been identified genetically. thirteen of these genes have been cloned which shed a light on the molecular basis of the interaction. on the aspect of bph, a lot of salivary proteins have been identified ...201728521948
isolation of rice bran lectins and characterization of their unique behavior in caco-2 cells.rice bran lectins, named as rba1 and rba2, were isolated from oryza sativa in two chromatography steps: affinity chromatography and cation-exchange chromatography. rba1 was found to be composed of a covalently linked heterodimer of 20- and 12-kda subunits, and rba2 was a noncovalently linked dimer of 12-kda subunits. both rba1 and rba2 bound to desialylated complex glycoproteins such as fetuin, α1-acid glycoprotein, and transferrin, and agalactosylated complex glycoproteins such as agalacto fetu ...201728505081
development of a critical nitrogen dilution curve of double cropping rice in south china.the concept of critical nitrogen (nc) concentration can be implemented to diagnose in-season plant nitrogen (n) status for optimizing n fertilizer management. the nc dilution curves have been established for rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in different climatic regions, yet no attempt has been made to develop the nc dilution curve for double cropping rice regions. this study was undertaken to develop the nc dilution curves for double cropping rice in south china for assessment of in-season n status ...201728503181
effect of limestone, lignite and biochar applied alone and combined on cadmium uptake in wheat and rice under rotation in an effluent irrigated field.cadmium (cd) uptake and accumulation in crop plants, especially in wheat (triticum aestivum) and rice (oryza sativa) is one of the main concerns for food security worldwide. a field experiment was done to investigate the effects of limestone, lignite, and biochar on growth, physiology and cd uptake in wheat and rice under rotation irrigated with raw effluents. initially, each treatment was applied alone at 0.1% and combined at 0.05% each and wheat was grown in the field and then, after wheat har ...201728501770
influence of sulfur on the accumulation of mercury in rice plant (oryza sativa l.) growing in mercury contaminated soils.sulfur (s) is an essential element for plant growth and its biogeochemical cycling is strongly linked to the species of heavy metals in soil. in this work, the effects of s (sulfate and elemental sulfur) treatment on the accumulation, distribution and chemical forms of hg in rice growing in hg contaminated soil were investigated. it was found that s could promote the formation of iron plaque on the root surface and decrease total mercury (t-hg) and methylmercury (mehg) accumulation in rice grain ...201728501569
a hairy-leaf gene, blanket leaf, of wild oryza nivara increases photosynthetic water use efficiency in rice.high water use efficiency is essential to water-saving cropping. morphological traits that affect photosynthetic water use efficiency are not well known. we examined whether leaf hairiness improves photosynthetic water use efficiency in rice.201728500411
quantitative trait loci for large sink capacity enhance rice grain yield under free-air co2 enrichment conditions.the global atmospheric co2 concentration has been increasing annually. to determine the trait that effectively increases rice (oryza sativa l.) grain yield under increased atmospheric co2 concentrations, as predicted in the near future, we grew a chromosome segment substitution line (cssl) and a near-isogenic line (nil) producing high spikelet numbers per panicle (cssl-gn1 and nil-apo1, respectively) under free-air co2 enrichment (face) conditions and examined the effects of a large sink capacit ...201728500344
dynamic cytology and transcriptional regulation of rice lamina joint development.rice (oryza sativa) leaf angle is determined by lamina joint and is an important agricultural trait determining leaf erectness and, hence, the photosynthesis efficiency and grain yield. genetic studies reveal a complex regulatory network of lamina joint development; however, the morphological changes, cytological transitions, and underlying transcriptional programming remain to be elucidated. a systemic morphological and cytological study reveals a dynamic developmental process and suggests a co ...201728500269
a rice nac transcription factor promotes leaf senescence via aba biosynthesis.it is well known that abscisic acid (aba)-induced leaf senescence and premature leaf senescence negatively affect the yield of rice (oryza sativa). however, the molecular mechanism underlying this relationship, especially the upstream transcriptional network that modulates aba level during leaf senescence, remains largely unknown. here, we demonstrate a rice nac transcription factor, osnac2, that participates in aba-induced leaf senescence. overexpression of osnac2 dramatically accelerated leaf ...201728500268
progress and challenges in improving the nutritional quality of rice (oryza sativa l.).rice is a staple food for more than 3 billion people in more than 100 countries of the world but ironically it is deficient in many bioavailable vitamins, minerals, essential amino- and fatty-acids and phytochemicals that prevent chronic diseases like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, cancers, and obesity. to enhance the nutritional and other quality aspects of rice, a better understanding of the regulation of the processes involved in the synthesis, uptake, transport, and metabolism of macro-(sta ...201726513164
prediction of phenotypic effects of variants observed in loc_os04g36720 of fro1 gene in rice (oryza sativa l.).in rice, ferric-chelate reductase-1 (fro1) (loc_os04g36720) gene was present on chromosome number 4 and its beginning and ending coordinates where coding sequence lies are 22182599 and 22186943, respectively. it plays a vital role in metal homeostasis and iron transportation in plants. based on the alignment results, location of single-nucleotide variants is located in open reading frame and their effects of variants were predicted using sift sequence tool. the non-synonymous variants at positio ...201726885647
identification of β-phenylalanine as a non-protein amino acid in cultivated rice, oryza sativa.non-protein amino acids, often analogs of the standard 20 protein amino acids, have been discovered in many plant species. recent research with cultivated rice (oryza sativa) identified (3r)-β-tyrosine, as well as a tyrosine amino mutase that synthesizes (3r)-β-tyrosine from the protein amino acid (2s)-α-tyrosine. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) assays and comparison to an authentic standard showed that β-phenylalanine is also a relatively abundant non-protein amino acid in rice lea ...201727066169
prediction and identification of the effectors of heterotrimeric g proteins in rice (oryza sativa l.).heterotrimeric g protein signaling cascades are one of the primary metazoan sensing mechanisms linking a cell to environment. however, the number of experimentally identified effectors of g protein in plant is limited. we have therefore studied which tools are best suited for predicting g protein effectors in rice. here, we compared the predicting performance of four classifiers with eight different encoding schemes on the effectors of g proteins by using 10-fold cross-validation. four methods w ...201726970777
simultaneous determination of multiclass emerging contaminants in aquatic plants by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion and gc-ms.a multiresidue method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 31 emerging contaminants (pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, personal care products, biocides, and flame retardants) in aquatic plants. analytes were extracted by ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersion (ua-mspd) and determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after sylilation, the method was validated for different aquatic plants (typha angustifolia, arundo donax, and lemna minor) and a semiaquatic culti ...201726906007
crystalline, thermal and swelling properties of starches from single-segment substitution lines with different wx alleles in rice (oryza sativa l.).in rice, five common wx alleles, wx, wxt , wxg1 , wxg2 and wxg3 , have been identified according to their apparent amylose content (aac) phenotypes. previous studies revealed that this wx allelic variation may also affect other starch properties. however, so far, to what extent the five wx alleles influence the crystalline structure, thermal and swelling properties of rice starch is still unclear. for this purpose, a set of single-segment substitution lines (sssls) harboring five different wx al ...201726926871
the effect of periphyton on seed germination and seedling growth of rice (oryza sativa) in paddy area.periphyton is widely distributed in paddy fields and its interactions with paddy soil and rice growth have been reported rarely. in this study, model paddy ecosystems with different additional soil substrates were simulated under controlled conditions to investigate the effects of periphyton on rice seed germination and seedling growth. results show that the selected soil substrates had significant effects on the metabolic activities and growth of periphyton in paddy fields. the addition of stra ...201727503628
shoot tolerance mechanisms to iron toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.).iron toxicity frequently affects lowland rice and leads to oxidative stress via the fenton reaction. tolerance mechanisms were investigated in contrasting genotypes: the intolerant ir29 and the tolerant recombinant inbred line fl483. seedlings were exposed to 1000 mg l-1 ferrous iron, and the regulation of genes involved in three hypothetical tolerance mechanisms was investigated (i) iron uptake, partitioning and storage. the iron concentration and speciation in different plant tissues did not d ...201726991510
the complete chloroplast genome of tibetan hulless barley.we report complete chloroplast genome of the tibetan hulless barely using iilumina hiseq 2000 sequencing technology (iilumina inc., san diego, ca). the chloroplast genome size is 136 462 bp in length that includes two inverted repeats (irs) of 10 528 bp, which are separated by the large single copy (lsc 101 375 bp) and small single copy (ssc 14 030 bp). hulless barely chloroplast genome encodes 76 protein-coding genes, four rrna genes, and 29 trna genes. the maximum-likelihood (ml) phylogenetic ...201726713356
ectopic expression of pgrab7 in rice plants (oryza sativa l.) results in differential tolerance at the vegetative and seed setting stage during salinity and drought stress.in this work, we have overexpressed a vesicle trafficking protein, rab7, from a stress-tolerant plant, pennisetum glaucum, in a high-yielding but stress-sensitive rice variety pusa basmati-1 (pb-1). the transgenic rice plants were tested for tolerance against salinity and drought stress. the transgenic plants showed considerable tolerance at the vegetative stage against both salinity (200 mm nacl) and drought stress (up to 12 days after withdrawing water). the protection against salt and drought ...201726666551
land-use change in indian tropical agro-ecosystems: eco-energy estimation for socio-ecological sustainability.this study was carried out to understand the ecological and economic sustainability of floriculture and other main crops in indian agro-ecosystems. the cultivation practices of four major flower crops, namely jasminum multiflorum, crossandra infundibuliformis, chrysanthemum and tagetes erecta, were studied in detail. the production cost of flowers in terms of energy was calculated to be 99,622-135,996 compared to 27,681-69,133 mj ha(-1) for the main crops, namely oryza sativa, eleusine coracana, ...201728315232
accurate measurement of transgene copy number in crop plants using droplet digital pcr.genetic transformation is a powerful means for the improvement of crop plants, but requires labor- and resource-intensive methods. an efficient method for identifying single-copy transgene insertion events from a population of independent transgenic lines is desirable. currently, transgene copy number is estimated by either southern blot hybridization analyses or quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) experiments. southern hybridization is a convincing and reliable method, but it also is ...201728231382
interference of allelopathic rice with paddy weeds at the root level.despite increasing knowledge of the involvement of allelopathy in negative interactions among plants, relatively little is known about its action at the root level. this study aims to enhance understanding of interactions of roots between a crop and associated weeds via allelopathy. based on a series of experiments with window rhizoboxes and root segregation methods, we examined root placement patterns and root interactions between allelopathic rice and major paddy weeds cyperus difformis, echin ...201728218979
antimutagenic and antioxidant activities of thai rice brans.rice bran is the outer layer of the rice grain, and contains high amounts of bioactive phytochemicals. here, we investigated and compared chemopreventive properties of purple and white rice bran extracts.201728698862
1-n-histidine phosphorylation of chld by the aaa(+) chli2 stimulates magnesium chelatase activity in chlorophyll synthesis.magnesium chelatase (mg-chelatase) inserts magnesium into protoporphyrin during the biosynthesis of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll. enzyme activity is reconstituted by forming two separate preactivated complexes consisting of a gun4/chlh/protoporphyrin ix substrate complex and a chli/chld enzyme 'motor' complex. formation of the chli/chld complex in both chlamydomonas reinhardtii and oryza sativa is accompanied by phosphorylation of chld by chli, but the orthologous protein complex from rho ...201728487379
rice black streaked dwarf virus p7-2 forms a scf complex through binding to oryza sativa skp1-like proteins, and interacts with gid2 involved in the gibberellin pathway.as a core subunit of the scf complex that promotes protein degradation through the 26s proteasome, s-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (skp1) plays important roles in multiple cellular processes in eukaryotes, including gibberellin (ga), jasmonate, ethylene, auxin and light responses. p7-2 encoded by rice black streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv), a devastating viral pathogen that causes severe symptoms in infected plants, interacts with skp1 from different plants. however, whether rbsdv p7-2 forms a s ...201728494021
interplay between carotenoids, abscisic acid and jasmonate guides the compatible rice-meloidogyne graminicola interaction.in this study, we have characterized the role of carotenoids and chlorophyll in the compatible interaction between the sedentary root knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne graminicola and the monocot model plant rice (oryza sativa). previous transcriptome data showed a differential expression of carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis genes in nematode-induced giant cells and gall tissue. metabolite measurement showed that galls indeed accumulate chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, as well as the hormon ...201728642770
effect of microorganisms on reducing cadmium uptake and toxicity in rice (oryza sativa l.).this study analyzed the application of three microorganism inoculums, including bacillus subtilis, bacillus cereus, and commercial effective microorganism (em) solution in order to determine cadmium (cd) reduction in rice (oryza sativa l.) and rice growth promotion. rice was grown in cd-contaminated soil (120 mg/kg) and selected microorganisms were inoculated. cd concentration and rice weight were measured at 45 and 120 days of the experiment. the result showed that b. subtilis inoculation into ...201728480489
influence of gamma radiation on the physical and sensory properties of two brazilian rice cultivars.little has been reported about the effects of gamma radiation on the physical and sensory characteristics of rice. samples were irradiated with (60) co in doses 0, 1, 2 and 5 kgy, on a rate of 0.4 kgy h(-1) .201727485521
transcript profiling reveals the presence of abiotic stress and developmental stage specific ascorbate oxidase genes in plants.abiotic stress and climate change is the major concern for plant growth and crop yield. abiotic stresses lead to enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) consequently resulting in cellular damage and major losses in crop yield. one of the major scavengers of ros is ascorbate (aa) which acts as first line of defense against external oxidants. an enzyme named ascorbate oxidase (aao) is known to oxidize aa and deleteriously affect the plant system in response to stress. genome-wide an ...201728261251
ratoon rice generated from primed parent plants exhibit enhanced herbivore resistance.rice ratooning is practiced in many rice-growing countries for achieving increased rice production with limited labour input. here, we report that attack by insect herbivores, or treatment with a defense signaling compound in parent plants, can prime anti-herbivore defense responses in subsequent ratoon plants. we compared the defense responses of rice ratoons generated from parent plants that had been either infested by cnaphalocrocis medinalis (rice leaffolder, lf) caterpillars or treated with ...201728042888
a phosphoproteomic landscape of rice (oryza sativa) tissues.protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates various plant developmental processes. here, we report a comprehensive, quantitative phosphoproteomic profile of six rice tissues, including callus, leaf, root, shoot meristem, young panicle and mature panicle from nipponbare by employing a ms-based, label-free approach. a total of 7171 unique phosphorylation sites in 4792 phosphopeptides from 2657 phosphoproteins were identified, including 4613 peptides were ...201728382632
endophytic phomopsis sp. colonization in oryza sativa was found to result in plant growth promotion and piperine production.endophytic fungi have been reported to have the acquired ability to synthesize host plant specific medicinal natural products. many fungi with such properties have been characterized and optimized for the conditions which favor maximal production of desired products. however, the inherent plant colonization property of promising endophytic fungi is least studied. exploiting the transgenome functioning of these fungi have immense applications to add beneficial features to non-host plants. in the ...201728224643
de novo transcriptome assembly of phomopsis liquidambari provides insights into genes associated with different lifestyles in rice (oryza sativa l.).the mechanisms that trigger the switch from endophytic fungi to saprophytic fungi are largely unexplored. broad host range phomopsis liquidambari is established in endophytic and saprophytic systems with rice (oryza sativa l.). endophytic p. liquidambari promotes rice growth, increasing rice yield and improving the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer. this species's saprophytic counterpart can decompose rice litterfall, promoting litter organic matter cycling and the release of nutrients and impro ...201728220138
biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient contents in upland rice plants affected by application forms of microorganism growth promoters.microorganisms are considered a genetic resource with great potential for achieving sustainable development of agricultural areas. the objective of this research was to determine the effect of microorganism application forms on the production of biomass, gas exchange, and nutrient content in upland rice. the experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in a completely randomized design in a factorial 7 × 3 + 1, with four replications. the treatments consisted of combining seven microorga ...201727844322
tps46, a rice terpene synthase conferring natural resistance to bird cherry-oat aphid, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus).plant terpene synthases (tpss) are key enzymes responsible for terpene biosynthesis, and can play important roles in defense against herbivore attack. in rice, the protein sequence of tps46 was most closely related to maize tps10. however, unlike maize tps10, tps46 was also constitutively expressed in rice even in the absence of herbivore attack. potential roles or constitutive emissions of specific volatiles may due to the constitutive expressions of tps46 in rice. therefore, in the present stu ...201728217135
isolation and functional characterization of cslsi1, a silicon transporter gene in cucumis sativus.cucumber (cucumis sativus) is a widely grown cucurbitaceous vegetable that exhibits a relatively high capacity for silicon (si) accumulation, but the molecular mechanism for silicon uptake remains to be clarified. here we isolated and characterized cslsi1, a gene encoding a silicon transporter in cucumber (cv. mch-4). cslsi1 shares 55.70 and 90.63% homology with the lsi1s of a monocot and dicot, rice (oryza sativa) and pumpkin (cucurbita moschata), respectively. cslsi1 was predominantly expresse ...201727701737
performance of five plant species in removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from an experimental phytoremediation system in the ningxia irrigation area.agricultural non-point source (anps) pollution is an important contributor to elevated nitrogen (n) and phosphorus (p) in surface waters, which can cause serious environmental problems. considerable effort has therefore gone into the development of methods that control the anps input of n and p to surface waters. phytoremediation has been extensively used because it is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient. the n and p loads from agricultural drainage are a potential threat to ...201728890992
plant glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases: comparative biochemical properties, function during chilling stress, and subcellular localization.plant nadph-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (cytosolic glyr1 and plastidial/mitochondrial glyr2) are considered to be of particular importance under abiotic stress conditions. here, the apple (malus × domestica borkh.) and rice (oryza sativa l.) glyr1s and glyr2s were characterized and their kinetic properties were compared to those of previously characterized glyrs from arabidopsis thaliana [l.] heynh. the purified recombinant glyrs had an affinity for glyoxylate a ...201728855911
ancient plant glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases: glyr1s are cytosolic, whereas glyr2s are localized to both mitochondria and plastids.plant nadph-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (glyr1 and glyr2) are considered to be involved in detoxifying harmful aldehydes, thereby preserving plant health during exposure to various abiotic stresses. phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two glyr isoforms appeared in the plant lineage prior to the divergence of the chlorophyta and streptophyta, which occurred approximately 750 million years ago. green fluorescent protein fusions of apple (malus x domestica bork ...201728484477
identification and characterization of the diverse stress-responsive r2r3-rmyb transcription factor from hibiscus sabdariffa l.various regulatory proteins play a fundamental role to manage the healthy plant growth under stress conditions. differential display reverse transcriptase pcr and random amplification of cdna ends (race) was used to explore the osmotic stress-responsive transcripts. we identified and characterized the salt stress-responsive r2r3 type rmyb transcription factor from hibiscus sabdariffa which has an open reading frame of 690 bp, encoding 229 long chain amino acids. in silico analysis confirmed the ...201729181384
transcription of mcra gene decreases upon prolonged non-flooding period in a methanogenic archaeal community of a paddy-upland rotational field soil.methanogenic archaea survive under aerated soil conditions in paddy fields, and their community is stable under these conditions. changes in the abundance and composition of an active community of methanogenic archaea were assessed by analyzing mcra gene (encoding α subunit of methyl-coenzyme m reductase) and transcripts during a prolonged drained period in a paddy-upland rotational field. paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) was planted in the flooded field and rotated with soybean (glycine max [l.] me ...201728890994
connectivity in gene coexpression networks negatively correlates with rates of molecular evolution in flowering plants.gene coexpression networks are a useful tool for summarizing transcriptomic data and providing insight into patterns of gene regulation in a variety of species. though there has been considerable interest in studying the evolution of network topology across species, less attention has been paid to the relationship between network position and patterns of molecular evolution. here, we generated coexpression networks from publicly available expression data for seven flowering plant taxa (arabidops ...201728759647
identification and characterization of the bzip transcription factor involved in zinc homeostasis in cereals.members of the basic leucine zipper family, as bzip19, are considered to be essential regulators of the adaptation to zinc deficiency. knowing that this gene as well as its targets are conserved in the plant kingdom, we followed an in silico approach to identify and characterize the bzip19 gene in cereals. through blastp in phytozome database, 33 bzip19 genes were identified on the genomes of oryza sativa, sorghum bicolor, zea mays, glycine max, triticum aestivum, and brachypodium distachyon. th ...201728671251
genome-wide sequential, evolutionary, organizational and expression analyses of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis associated myb domain transcription factors in arabidopsis.the myb gene family represents one of the largest groups of transcription factors in plants. recent evidences have also demonstrated key role of myb transcription factors in regulating the expression of major genes involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds which confer biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in plant species. however, no comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the phenylpropanoid pathway-associated myb transcription factors has been reported thus far. in this study, 11 ...201728490275
effects of fertilization on crop production and nutrient-supplying capacity under rice-oilseed rape rotation system.incredible accomplishments have been achieved in agricultural production in china, but many demanding challenges for ensuring food security and environmental sustainability remain. field experiments were conducted from 2011-2013 at three different sites, including honghu, shayang, and jingzhou in china, to determine the effects of fertilization on enhancing crop productivity and indigenous nutrient-supplying capacity (inus) in a rice (oryza sativa l.)-rapeseed (brassica napus l.) rotation. four ...201728455510
identification and expression profiling of the auxin response factors in capsicum annuum l. under abiotic stress and hormone treatments.auxin response factors (arfs) play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and response to environmental stress. an exhaustive analysis of the caarf family was performed using the latest publicly available genome for pepper (capsicum annuum l.). in total, 22 non-redundant caarf gene family members in six classes were analyzed, including chromosome locations, gene structures, conserved motifs of proteins, phylogenetic relationships and subcellular localization. phylogenetic ana ...201729244768
reproducible genomic dna preparation from diverse crop species for molecular genetic applications.several high-throughput molecular genetic analyses rely on high-quality genomic dna. copurification of other molecules can negatively impact the functionality of plant dna preparations employed in these procedures. isolating dna from agronomically important crops, such as sugarcane, rice, citrus, potato and tomato is a challenge due to the presence of high fiber, polysaccharides, or secondary metabolites. we present a simplified, rapid and reproducible sds-based method that provides high-quality ...201729213298
comparative study of lectin domains in model species: new insights into evolutionary dynamics.lectins are present throughout the plant kingdom and are reported to be involved in diverse biological processes. in this study, we provide a comparative analysis of the lectin families from model species in a phylogenetic framework. the analysis focuses on the different plant lectin domains identified in five representative core angiosperm genomes (arabidopsisthaliana, glycine max, cucumis sativus, oryza sativa ssp. japonica and oryza sativa ssp. indica). the genomes were screened for genes enc ...201728587095
effect of seyoeum on obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease of high-fat diet-fed c57bl/6 mice.this study was performed to evaluate the effect of seyoeum (sye), a novel herbal meal replacement, on insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (nafld) in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet (hfd).201729085434
seed metabolome analysis of a transgenic rice line expressing cholera toxin b-subunit.plant-based human vaccines have been actively developed in recent years, and rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the best candidate crops for their production and delivery. by expressing a modified cholera toxin b (ctb) subunit, we previously developed mucorice-ctb, a rice-based vaccine against cholera, which is caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria vibrio cholerae. mucorice-ctb lines have been extensively characterized by whole-genome sequencing and proteome analyses to evaluate t ...201728701756
mapk kinase 10.2 promotes disease resistance and drought tolerance by activating different mapks in rice.mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades, with each cascade consisting of a mapk kinase kinase (mapkkk), a mapk kinase (mapkk), and a mapk, have important roles in different biological processes. however, the signal transduction in rice mapk cascades remains to be elucidated. we show that the structural non-canonical mapkk, mpkk10.2, enhances rice resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc), which causes bacterial streak disease, and increases rice tolerance to drought stress by ...201728857351
panicle blast 1 (pb1) resistance is dependent on at least four qtls in the rice genome.rice blast is the most serious disease afflicting rice and there is an urgent need for the use of disease resistance (r) genes in blast tolerance breeding programs. pb1 is classified as a quantitative resistance gene and it does not have fungal specificity. pb1-mediated resistance develops in the latter stages of growth. however, some cultivars, such as kanto209 (k209), cultivar name satojiman, despite possessing pb1, do not exert resistance to rice blast during the reproductive stage.201728766258
osbsk1-2, an orthologous of atbsk1, is involved in rice immunity.the brassinosteroid-signaling kinase (bsk) belongs to the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase xii subgroup. bsk1 regulates development and immunity in arabidopsis. however, the function of rice (oryza sativa) bsk1 is largely unknown. here, we report that the expression level of osbsk1-2 is induced after a chitin or fagellin22 (flg22) treatment. silencing osbsk1-2 in rice results in compromised responses to chitin- or flg22-triggered immunity and resistance to magnaporthe oryzae, but does not alter ...201728680425
effects of microwaves on the reduction of aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus on brown rice (oryza sativa l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.).aspergillus flavus and aspergillus parasiticus are primary pathogen moulds on brown rice and barley. this study investigated the effects of microwave irradiation (mwi) (2450 mhz, 700 w, 10-50 s) on inactivation of a. flavus and a. parasiticus on brown rice and barley and the quality of these samples. the counts of both strains were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by the stepwise increase in mwi treatment time. the log reductions of a. flavus on brown rice and barley were 0.05 and 0.04 after 10 ...201728399711
size dependent effects of antifungal phytogenic silver nanoparticles on germination, growth and biochemical parameters of rice (oryza sativa l), maize (zea mays l) and peanut (arachis hypogaea l).advancement in materials synthesis largely depends up on their diverse applications and commercialisation. antifungal effects of phytogenic silver nanoparticles (agnps) were evident, but the reports on the effects of the same on agricultural crops are scant. herein, we report for the first time, size dependent effects of phytogenic agnps (synthesised using stevia rebaudiana leaf extract) on the germination, growth and biochemical parameters of three important agricultural crops viz., rice (oryza ...201728476985
enhanced degradation of chlorpyrifos in rice (oryza sativa l.) by five strains of endophytic bacteria and their plant growth promotional ability.endophytic bacteria reside in plant tissues, such as roots, stems, leaves and seeds. most of them can stimulate plant growth or alleviate phytotoxicity of pollutants. there are handful species with dual functions stimulating plant growth and degrading pollutants have been reported. five endophytic bacteria were isolated from chlorpyrifos (cp) treated rice plants and identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa strain rra, bacillus megaterium strain rrb, sphingobacterium siyangensis strain rsa, stenotrop ...201728622646
possible cleavage sites of glutelin partial degradation confirmed by immunological analysis in globulin-less mutants of rice (oryza sativa l.).proteolytic cleavage or partial degradation of proteins is one of the important post-translational modifications for various biological processes, but it is difficult to analyze. previously, we demonstrated that some subunits of the major rice (oryza sativa l.) seed storage protein glutelin are partially degraded to produce newly identified polypeptides x1-x5 in mutants in which another major seed storage protein globulin is absent. in this study, the new polypeptides x3 and x4/x5 were immunolog ...201728683176
a novel class i chitinase from hippophae rhamnoides: indications for participating in ice-cbf cold stress signaling pathway.plant chitinases are the members of pr (pathogenesis related) proteins family and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stress. a novel chitinase hrchi1 (accession number jq289153) of 954bp orf encoding 317 amino acids protein was cloned, expressed and characterized from seabuckthorn, a cold/freeze tolerant shrub. the 3d structure (predicted with i-tasser server) showed highest homology with oryza sativa class i chitinase (pdb 2dkva). putative promoter region (obtained by genome walking) showed ...201728483054
oshac4 is critical for arsenate tolerance and regulates arsenic accumulation in rice.soil contamination with arsenic (as) can cause phytotoxicity and elevated as accumulation in rice grain. here, we used a forward genetics approach to investigate the mechanism of arsenate (as(v)) tolerance and accumulation in rice. a rice mutant hypersensitive to as(v), but not to as(iii), was isolated. genomic resequencing and complementation tests were used to identify the causal gene. the function of the gene, its expression pattern and subcellular localization were characterized. oshac4 is t ...201728407265
indoleacetic acid production and plant growth promoting potential of bacterial endophytes isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) seeds.bacterial endophytes from the phyllosphere and rhizosphere have been used to produce bioactive metabolites and to promote plant growth. however, little is known about the endophytes residing in seeds. this study aimed to isolate and identify seed-borne bacterial endophytes from rice and elucidate their potential for phytohormone production and growth enhancement. the isolated endophytes included micrococcus yunnanensis rwl-2, micrococcus luteus rwl-3, enterobacter soli rwl-4, leclercia adecarbox ...201728605980
quantitative trait loci analysis of blast resistance in oryza sativa l. 'hokuriku 193'.to investigate the genetic background responsible for blast resistance in oryza sativa l. 'hokuriku 193', qtl analysis was conducted using the f3 lines from the cross [ms-bo] nekken 2 × hokuriku 193 that were artificially infected with rice blast fungus (magnaporthe grisea). qtls were detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 6 and 12 that correlated with greater blast resistance in the hokuriku 193-type lines. notably, the qtl on chromosome 12 had a major effect and localized to the same region where pi20( ...201728588393
dissection of broad-spectrum resistance of the thai rice variety jao hom nin conferred by two resistance genes against rice blast.rice (oryza sativa) is one of the most important food crops in the world. rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most destructive rice diseases worldwide. to effectively cope with this problem, the use of rice blast resistance varieties through innovative breeding programs is the best strategy to date. the thai rice variety jao hom nin (jhn) showed broad-spectrum resistance against thai rice blast isolates. two qtls for blast resistance in jhn were reported o ...201728493203
spl33, encoding an eef1a-like protein, negatively regulates cell death and defense responses in rice.lesion-mimic mutants are useful to dissect programmed cell death and defense-related pathways in plants. here we identified a new rice lesion-mimic mutant, spotted leaf 33 (spl33) and cloned the causal gene by a map-based cloning strategy. spl33 encodes a eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eef1a)-like protein consisting of a non-functional zinc finger domain and three functional ef-tu domains. spl33 exhibited programmed cell death-mediated cell death and early leaf senescence, as ...201728199670
oscerk1-mediated chitin perception and immune signaling requires receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 185 to activate an mapk cascade in rice.conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), such as chitin, are perceived by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) located at the host cell surface and trigger rapid activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades, which are required for plant resistance to pathogens. however, the direct links from pamp perception to mapk activation in plants remain largely unknown. in this study, we found that the prr-associated receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase oryza sativa rlck185 t ...201728111288
the rice high-affinity k+ transporter oshkt2;4 mediates mg2+ homeostasis under high-mg2+ conditions in transgenic arabidopsis.rice (oryza sativa; background nipponbare) contains nine hkt (high-affinity k+ transport)-like genes encoding membrane proteins belonging to the superfamily of ktr/trk/hkt. oshkts have been proposed to include four selectivity filter-pore-forming domains homologous to the bacterial k+ channel kcsa, and are separated into oshkt1s with na+-selective activity and oshkt2s with na+-k+ symport activity. as a member of the oshkt2 subfamily, oshkt2;4 renders mg2+ and ca2+ permeability for yeast cells an ...201729114257
the nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein osnip3;2 is involved in arsenite uptake by lateral roots in rice.previous studies have shown that the nodulin 26-like intrinsic membrane protein (nip) lsi1 (osnip2;1) is involved in arsenite [as(iii)] uptake in rice (oryza sativa). however, the role of other rice nips in as(iii) accumulation in planta remains unknown. in the present study, we investigated the role osnip3;2 in as(iii) uptake in rice. when expressed in xenopus laevis oocytes, osnip3;2 showed a high transport activity for as(iii). quantitative real-time rt-pcr showed that the expression of osnip ...201728505352
a magnesium transporter osmgt1 plays a critical role in salt tolerance in rice.salt stress is one of the major factors limiting rice (oryza sativa) production globally. although several transporters involved in salt tolerance have been identified in rice, the mechanisms regulating their transport activity are still poorly understood. here, we show evidence that a rice mg transporter osmgt1 is required for salt tolerance probably by regulating transport activity of oshkt1;5, a key transporter for the removal of na+ from the xylem sap at the root mature zone. knockout of osm ...201728487477
osptr7 (osnpf8.1), a putative peptide transporter in rice, is involved in dimethylarsenate accumulation in rice grain.rice (oryza sativa) is a major dietary source of arsenic (as) for the population consuming rice as their staple food. rice grain contains both inorganic as and methylated as species, especially dimethyarsinate (dma). dma is highly mobile in long-distance translocation in plants, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. in the present study, we showed that osptr7 (osnpf8.1), a putative peptide transporter in rice, was permeable to dma in xenopus laevis oocytes. transient expression of the os ...201728340032
novel alleles of phosphorus-starvation tolerance 1 gene (pstol1) from oryza rufipogon confers high phosphorus uptake efficiency.limited phosphorus availability in the soil is one of the major constraints to the growth and productivity of rice across asian, african and south american countries, where 50% of the rice is grown under rain-fed systems on poor and problematic soils. with an aim to determine novel alleles for enhanced phosphorus uptake efficiency in wild species germplasm of rice oryza rufipogon, we investigated phosphorus uptake1 (pup1) locus with 11 previously reported ssr markers and sequence characterized t ...201728443109
differential transcriptome profiling of chilling stress response between shoots and rhizomes of oryza longistaminata using rna sequencing.rice (oryza sativa) is very sensitive to chilling stress at seedling and reproductive stages, whereas wild rice, o. longistaminata, tolerates non-freezing cold temperatures and has overwintering ability. elucidating the molecular mechanisms of chilling tolerance (ct) in o. longistaminata should thus provide a basis for rice ct improvement through molecular breeding. in this study, high-throughput rna sequencing was performed to profile global transcriptome alterations and crucial genes involved ...201729190752
emergence of a novel chimeric gene underlying grain number in rice.grain number is an important factor in determining grain production of rice (oryza sativa l.). the molecular genetic basis for grain number is complex. discovering new genes involved in regulating rice grain number increases our knowledge regarding its molecular mechanisms and aids breeding programs. here, we identified grains number 2 (gn2), a novel gene that is responsible for rice grain number, from "yuanjiang" common wild rice (o. rufipogon griff.). transgenic plants overexpressing gn2 showe ...201727986805
gene interaction at seed-awning loci in the genetic background of wild rice.seed awning is one of the important traits for successful propagation in wild rice. during the domestication of rice by ancient humans, plants with awnless seeds may have been selected because long awns hindered collection and handling activities. to investigate domestication of awnless rice, qtl analysis for seed awning was first carried out using backcross recombinant inbred lines between oryza sativa nipponbare (recurrent parent) and o. rufipogon w630 (donor parent). two strong qtls were dete ...201727941309
estimation of loci involved in non-shattering of seeds in early rice domestication.rice (oryza sativa l.) is widely cultivated around the world and is known to be domesticated from its wild form, o. rufipogon. a loss of seed shattering is one of the most obvious phenotypic changes selected for during rice domestication. previously, three seed-shattering loci, qsh1, sh4, and qsh3 were reported to be involved in non-shattering of seeds of japonica-type cultivated rice, o. sativa cv. nipponbare. in this study, we focused on non-shattering characteristics of o. sativa indica cv. i ...201728238052
root-associated bacterial diversities of oryza rufipogon and oryza sativa and their influencing environmental factors.oryza rufipogon is the ancestor of human-cultivated oryza sativa. however, little is known about the difference between the root-associated microorganisms of o. rufipogon and o. sativa. in this study, the root-associated bacteria of o. rufipogon, leersia hexandra, and o. sativa from different latitudes in china were studied by dgge analysis. their bacterial community structures were compared by principal component analysis. the relationship between root-associated bacteria and soil properties wa ...201727990555
development and gbs-genotyping of introgression lines (ils) using two wild species of rice, o. meridionalis and o. rufipogon, in a common recurrent parent, o. sativa cv. curinga.two populations of interspecific introgression lines (ils) in a common recurrent parent were developed for use in pre-breeding and qtl mapping. the ils were derived from crosses between cv curinga, a tropical japonica upland cultivar, and two different wild donors, oryza meridionalis ng. accession (w2112) and oryza rufipogon griff. accession (irgc 105491). the lines were genotyped using genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) and ssrs. the 32 curinga/o. meridionalis ils contain 76.73 % of the donor genom ...201725705117
a single base change explains the independent origin of and selection for the nonshattering gene in african rice domestication.reduced seed shattering was a critical evolutionary step in crop domestication. two cultivated rice species, oryza sativa and oryza glaberrima, were independently domesticated from the wild species oryza rufipogon in asia and oryza barthii in africa, respectively. a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in the c gene, which encodes a trihelix transcription factor, causes nonshattering in o. sativa. however, the genetic mechanism of nonshattering in o. glaberrima is poorly understood. we conducted ...201727861933
genetic analysis of a hybrid sterility gene that causes both pollen and embryo sac sterility in hybrids between oryza sativa l. and oryza longistaminata.oryza longistaminata originates from african wild rice and contains valuable traits conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. however, interspecific crosses between o. longistaminata and oryza sativa cultivars are hindered by reproductive barriers. to dissect the mechanism of interspecific hybrid sterility, we developed a near-isogenic line (nil) using indica variety rd23 as the recipient parent and o. longistaminata as the donor parent. both pollen and embryo sac semi-sterility were ob ...201728657614
adapting genotyping-by-sequencing for rice f2 populations.rapid and cost-effective genotyping of large mapping populations can be achieved by sequencing a reduced representation of the genome of every individual in a given population, and using that information to generate genetic markers. a customized genotyping-by-sequencing (gbs) pipeline was developed to genotype a rice f2 population from a cross of oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. nipponbare and the african wild rice species o. longistaminata while most gbs pipelines aim to analyze mainly homozygous ...201728082325
construction of rice chromosome segment substitution lines harboring oryza barthii genome and evaluation of yield-related traits.rice (oryza sativa l.) is one of the most important staple food in the world. to meet the increasing demand for food, a strategy for improving rice yield is needed. alleles of wild relatives are useful because they confer adaptation to plants under diverse harsh environments and have the potential to improve rice. o. barthii is a wild rice species endemic to africa and the known progenitor of the african cultivated rice, o. glaberrima. to explore the genetic potential of the o. barthii as a gene ...201729085251
macromolecular traits in the african rice oryza glaberrima and in glaberrima/sativa crosses, and their relevance to processing.molecular properties of proteins and starch were investigated in 2 accessions of oryza glaberrima and oryza sativa, and in one nerica cross between the 2 species, to assess traits that could be relevant to transformation into specific foods. protein nature and organization in o. glaberrima were different from those in o. sativa and in nerica. despite the similar cysteine content in all samples, thiol accessibility in o. glaberrima proteins was higher than in nerica or in o. sativa. inter-protein ...201728850662
a hypersensitivity-like response to meloidogyne graminicola in rice (oryza sativa l.).meloidogyne graminicola (m. graminicola) is a major plant-parasitic nematode affecting rice cultivation in asia. resistance to this nematode was found in the african rice genotypes oryza glaberrima and o. longistaminata, however, due to interspecific hybrid sterility, the introgression of resistance genes in the widely consumed o. sativa varieties remains challenging. recently, resistance was found in o. sativa and here we report for the first time the histological and genetic characterization o ...201729161206
pathogenicity genes in ustilaginoidea virens revealed by a predicted protein-protein interaction network.rice false smut, caused by ustilaginoidea virens, produces significant losses in rice yield and grain quality and has recently emerged as one of the most important rice diseases worldwide. despite its importance in rice production, relatively few studies have been conducted to illustrate the complex interactome and the pathogenicity gene interactions. here a protein-protein interaction network of u. virens was built through two well-recognized approaches, interolog- and domain-domain interaction ...201728099032
genome-wide analysis of rice dehydrin gene family: its evolutionary conservedness and expression pattern in response to peg induced dehydration stress.abiotic stresses adversely affect cellular homeostasis, impairing overall growth and development of plants. these initial stress signals activate downstream signalling processes, which, subsequently, activate stress-responsive mechanisms to re-establish homeostasis. dehydrins (dhns) play an important role in combating dehydration stress. rice (oryza sativa l.), which is a paddy crop, is susceptible to drought stress. as drought survival in rice might be viewed as a trait with strong evolutionary ...201728459834
polyphasic characterization of bacteria obtained from upland rice cultivated in cerrado soil.this work aimed to characterize 20 isolates obtained from upland rice plants, based on phenotypic (morphology, enzymatic activity, inorganic phosphate solubilization, carbon source use, antagonism), genotypic assays (16s rrna sequencing) and plant growth promotion. results showed a great morphological, metabolic and genetic variability among bacterial isolates. all isolates showed positive activity for catalase and protease enzymes and, 90% of the isolates showed positive activity for amylase, c ...201728838812
a walk on the wild side: oryza species as source for rice abiotic stress tolerance.oryza sativa, the common cultivated rice, is one of the most important crops for human consumption, but production is increasingly threatened by abiotic stresses. although many efforts have resulted in breeding rice cultivars that are relatively tolerant to their local environments, climate changes and population increase are expected to soon call for new, fast generation of stress tolerant rice germplasm, and current within-species rice diversity might not be enough to overcome such needs. the ...201728323300
evidence for mid-holocene rice domestication in the americas.the development of agriculture is one of humankind's most pivotal achievements. questions about plant domestication and the origins of agriculture have engaged scholars for well over a century, with implications for understanding its legacy on global subsistence strategies, plant distribution, population health and the global methane budget. rice is one of the most important crops to be domesticated globally, with both asia (oryza sativa l.) and africa (oryza glaberrima steud.) discussed as prim ...201728993622
domesticated, genetically engineered, and wild plant relatives exhibit unintended phenotypic differences: a comparative meta-analysis profiling rice, canola, maize, sunflower, and pumpkin.agronomic management of plants is a powerful evolutionary force acting on their populations. the management of cultivated plants is carried out by the traditional process of human selection or plant breeding and, more recently, by the technologies used in genetic engineering (ge). even though crop modification through ge is aimed at specific traits, it is possible that other non-target traits can be affected by genetic modification due to the complex regulatory processes of plant metabolism and ...201729259610
metals induce transient folding and activation of the twister ribozyme.twister is a small ribozyme present in almost all kingdoms of life that rapidly self-cleaves in variety of divalent metal ions. we used activity assays, bulk fret and single-molecule fret (smfret) to understand how different metal ions promote folding and self-cleavage of the oryza sativa twister ribozyme. although most ribozymes require additional mg2+ for catalysis, twister inverts this expectation, requiring 20-30 times less mg2+ to self-cleave than to fold. transition metals such as co2+, ni ...201728825710
cropping systems affect paddy soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks (in rice-garlic and rice-fava systems) in temperate region of southern china.the accumulation of soil organic carbon (soc) in agricultural soils is critical to food security and climate change. however, there is still limited information on the dynamic trend of soc sequestration following changes in cropping systems. paddy soils, typical of temperate region of southern china, have a large potential for carbon (c) sequestration and nitrogen (n) fixation. it is of great importance to study the impacts of changes in cropping systems on stocks of soc and total nitrogen (tn) ...201728810521
genetic variation and host-parasite specificity of striga resistance and tolerance in rice: the need for predictive breeding.the parasitic weeds striga asiatica and striga hermonthica cause devastating yield losses to upland rice in africa. little is known about genetic variation in host resistance and tolerance across rice genotypes, in relation to virulence differences across striga species and ecotypes. diverse rice genotypes were phenotyped for the above traits in s. asiatica- (tanzania) and s. hermonthica-infested fields (kenya and uganda) and under controlled conditions. new rice genotypes with either ecotype-sp ...201728191641
enhanced resistance to rice blast and sheath blight in rice (oryza sativa l.) by expressing the oxalate decarboxylase protein bacisubin from bacillus subtilis.oxalate decarboxylase (oxdc), catalyzing the degradation of oxalic acid, is widely distributed in varieties of organisms. in this study, an oxalate decarboxylase gene from bacillus subtilis strain bs-916, bacisubin, was transformed into rice variety nipponbare to generate transgenic rice with increased oxdc activity. pathogenicity test revealed that the transgenic rice showed enhanced resistance to rice blast and sheath blight. further rna-seq analysis between nipponbare wt (wild type) and trans ...201729223342
comprehensive analysis and transcript profiling of arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa catalase gene family suggests their specific roles in development and stress responses.stress induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ros) that ultimately hampers the growth, development, and productivity of the plant. as an antioxidant enzyme, catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and keeps ros level down to protect cells from stress-induced apoptosis. here, a genome-wide analysis of catalase gene family has been performed in two model plants- arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. both arabidopsis and rice has a small family of three and four genes, respectivel ...201729223068
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