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divergent regeneration-competent cells adopt a common mechanism for callus initiation in angiosperms.in tissue culture, the formation of callus from detached explants is a key step in plant regeneration; however, the regenerative abilities in different species are variable. while nearly all parts of organs of the dicot arabidopsis thaliana are ready for callus formation, mature regions of organs in monocot rice (oryza sativa) and other cereals are extremely unresponsive to tissue culture. whether there is a common molecular mechanism beyond these different regenerative phenomena is unclear. her ...201728975033
cld1/srl1 modulates leaf rolling by affecting cell wall formation, epidermis integrity and water homeostasis in rice.leaf rolling is considered as one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding. it has been previously reported that semi-rolled leaf 1 (srl1) modulates leaf rolling by regulating the formation of bulliform cells in rice (oryza sativa); however, the regulatory mechanism underlying srl1 has yet to be further elucidated. here, we report the functional characterization of a novel leaf-rolling mutant, curled leaf and dwarf 1 (cld1), with multiple morphological defects. map-based cloning r ...201728960566
the phosphoproteomic response of rice seedlings to cadmium stress.the environmental damage caused by cadmium (cd) pollution is of increasing concern in china. while the overall plant response to cd has been investigated in some depth, the contribution (if any) of protein phosphorylation to the detoxification of cd and the expression of tolerance is uncertain. here, the molecular basis of the plant response has been explored in hydroponically raised rice seedlings exposed to 10 μμ and 100 μμ cd2+ stress. an analysis of the seedlings' quantitative phosphoproteom ...201728953215
identification and validation of a novel major qtl for harvest index in rice (oryza sativa l.).harvest index (hi) in rice is defined as the ratio of grain yield (gy) to biomass (bm). although it has been demonstrated that hi is significantly related to yield and is considered as one of the most important traits in high-yielding rice breeding, hi-based high-yielding rice breeding is difficult due to its polygenic nature and insufficient knowledge on the genetic basis of hi. therefore, searching for rice varieties with high hi and mapping genes associated with high hi can facilitate marker- ...201728952045
ossiz2 exerts regulatory influences on the developmental responses and phosphate homeostasis in rice.ossiz1, a small ubiquitin-related modifier (sumo) e3 ligase, exerts regulatory influences on the developmental responses and phosphate (pi) homeostasis in rice (oryza sativa). whether paralogs ossiz1 and ossiz2 are functionally redundant or the latter regulates these traits independent of the former is not known. to determine this, in this study, ossiz2 was functionally characterized by employing reverse genetic approaches. although the relative expression of ossiz2 was spatiotemporally regulate ...201728947784
iron excess in rice: from phenotypic changes to functional genomics of wrky transcription factors.iron (fe) is an essential microelement for all living organisms playing important roles in several metabolic reactions. rice (oryza sativa l.) is commonly cultivated in paddy fields, where fe goes through a reduction reaction from fe3+ to fe2+. since fe2+ is more soluble, it can reach toxic levels inside plant cells, constituting an important target for studies. here we aimed to verify morphological changes of different rice genotypes focusing on deciphering the underlying molecular network indu ...201728973723
expression and rna interference of ribosomal protein l5 gene in nilaparvata lugens (hemiptera: delphacidae).the ribosomal proteins play important roles in the growth and development of organisms. this study aimed to explore the function of nlrpl5 (genbank kx379234), a ribosomal protein l5 gene, in the brown planthopper nilaparvata lugens. the open reading frame of nlrpl5 was cloned from n. lugens based on a previous transcriptome analysis. the results revealed that the open reading frame of nlrpl5 is of 900 bp, encoding 299 amino acid residues. the reverse transcription quantitative pcr results sugges ...201728973571
genome-wide association mapping for root cone angle in rice.plant root systems play a major role in anchoring and in water and nutrient uptake from the soil. the root cone angle is an important parameter of the root system architecture because, combined with root depth, it helps to determine the volume of soil explored by the plant. two genes, dro1 and sor1, and several qtls for root cone angle have been discovered in the last 5 years.201728971382
identification of quantitative trait loci for salinity tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.) using ir29/hasawi mapping population.salinity is the second most important abiotic stress after drought that hampers rice production, especially in south and southeast asia. breeding approach supplemented with molecularmarkers-assisted selection is the most promising approach in terms of efficiency to increase the productivity under salt-affected soils. thirty-day-old rice seedlings of 300 f5:6 recombinant-inbred lines derived from a cross between the salt sensitive, ir29 (indica), and a salt tolerant, hasawi (aus), were used to id ...201728947705
a viral protein promotes host sams1 activity and ethylene production for the benefit of virus infection.ethylene plays critical roles in plant development and biotic stress response, but the mechanism of ethylene in host antiviral response remains unclear. here, we report that rice dwarf virus (rdv) triggers ethylene production by stimulating the activity of s-adenosyl-l-methionine synthetase (sams), a key component of the ethylene synthesis pathway, resulting in elevated susceptibility to rdv. rdv-encoded pns11 protein specifically interacted with ossams1 to enhance its enzymatic activity, leadin ...201728994391
tungsten (w) bioavailability in paddy rice soils and its accumulation in rice (oryza sativa).the aim of this study was to investigate the accumulation characteristics of tungsten (w) by different indica rice cultivars from the soil and to assess the potential risks to human health via dietary intake of w in rice consumption. a total of 153 rice (ear) samples of 15 cultivars and the corresponding surface soil samples were collected from 7 cities in fujian province of southeastern china. the available soil w were extracted using h2c2o4·2h2o-(nh4)2c2o4·h2o at ph 3.3). results showed that t ...201728994318
two complementary mechanisms underpin cell wall patterning during xylem vessel development.the evolution of the plant vasculature was essential for the emergence of terrestrial life. xylem vessels are solute-transporting elements in the vasculature that possess secondary wall thickenings deposited in intricate patterns. evenly dispersed microtubule (mt) bands support the formation of these wall thickenings, but how the mts direct cell wall synthesis during this process remains largely unknown. cellulose is the major secondary wall constituent and is synthesized by plasma membrane-loca ...201728947492
rice protein prolamin promotes anti-leukemia immunity and inhibits leukemia growth in vivo.prolamin is a heat-stable storage protein of rice (oryza sativa). this study aimed to examine the effect of prolamin on anti-tumor immune response in vitro and leukemia growth in vivo. the prolamin-enriched rice fractions were prepared to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mnc) from mice spleen. the mnc-conditioned medium (mnc-cm) was collected to treat leukemia l1210 cells. human mnc-cm was prepared to treat jurkat acute t cell leukemia cells. purified prolamin was orally administere ...201728947358
genome-wide analysis and expression profiles of ntmc2 family genes in oryza sativa.n-terminal-tm-c2 domain proteins (ntmc2), which share domain architecture and sequence similarity to synaptotagmins (syts) in mammals and fam62 (extended syts) in metazoans, form a small gene family in plants. previous studies showed that the arabidopsis thaliana ntmc2 type 1.1 protein (ntmc2t1.1, named atsyt1) possesses calcium- and membrane-binding activities that allow it to function in a plasma membrane repair pathway induced by stress. however, we lack understanding of the diverse biologica ...201728947303
the f-box protein zygo1 mediates bouquet formation to promote homologous pairing, synapsis, and recombination in rice meiosis.telomere bouquet formation, a highly conserved meiotic event, plays an important role in homologous pairing and therefore progression of meiosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. here, we identified zygotene1 (zygo1), a novel f-box protein in rice (oryza sativa), and verified its essential role in bouquet formation during early meiosis. in zygo1 mutants, zygotene chromosome aggregation and telomere clustering failed to occur. the suppressed telomere clustering ...201728939596
drought stress modulates diurnal oscillations of circadian clock and drought-responsive genes in oryza sativa l.endogenous circadian rhythms play a key role in regulating plant growth and development, and in allowing plants to respond and adapt to changing environments. to understand how drought regulates upland rice(oryza sativa l.) irat109, we examined the expression levels of circadian clock and drought-responsive genes through real-time pcr. the results revealed that, first, drought reduced the relative expression level and amplitude of peak expression of several morning circadian clock components (su ...201728936981
potential of rice stubble as a reservoir of bradyrhizobial inoculum in rice-legume crop rotation.bradyrhizobium encompasses a variety of bacteria that can live in symbiotic and endophytic associations with leguminous and nonleguminous plants, such as rice. therefore, it can be expected that rice endophytic bradyrhizobia can be applied in the rice-legume crop rotation system. some endophytic bradyrhizobial strains were isolated from rice (oryza sativa l.) tissues. the rice biomass could be enhanced when supplementing bradyrhizobial strain inoculation with kno3, nh4no3, or urea, especially in ...201728916558
a database for orphan genes in poaceae.orphan genes refer to a group of protein-coding genes lacking recognizable homologs in the other organisms. extensive studies have demonstrated that numerous newly sequenced genomes contain a significant number of orphan genes, which have important roles in plant's responses to the environment. due to a lack of phylogenetic conservation, the origin of orphan genes and their functions are currently not well defined. in the present study, a poaceae orphan genes database (pogd; http://bioinfo.ahau. ...201728966675
in-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of pathogenesis-related proteins of arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa.pathogenesis related (pr) proteins are low molecular weight family of proteins induced in plants under various biotic and abiotic stresses. they play an important role in plant-defense mechanism. prs have wide range of functions, acting as hydrolases, peroxidases, chitinases, anti-fungal, protease inhibitors etc. in the present study, an attempt has been made to analyze promoter regions of pr1, pr2, pr5, pr9, pr10 and pr12 of arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa. analysis of cis-element distrib ...201728910327
isolation of rice sperm cells for transcriptional profiling.the male germline of flowering plants displays unexpectedly divergent transcriptional profiles compared to other cell types and tissues of plants. as these are among the smallest cells, and are harbored within pollen, isolating a pure collection of germline rna presents unusual challenges. the sperm cells of rice represent a particularly challenging subject for study as the pollen are unusually short lived upon release from the anther, and the marker gene sequences that make facs possible in ara ...201728936661
3d imaging of whole-mount ovules at cellular resolution to study female germline development in rice.recent advances in fluorescence-based staining of cellular compartments coupled with confocal microscopy imaging have allowed the visualization of three-dimensional (3d) structures with cellular resolution in various intact plant tissues and species. such approaches are of particular interest for the analysis of the reproductive lineage in plants including the meiotic precursor cells deeply embedded within the ovary of the gynoecium enclosed in the flower. yet, their relative inaccessibility and ...201728936647
extracts of black and brown rice powders improve hepatic lipid accumulation via the activation of pparα in obese and diabetic model mice.rice powder extract (rpe) from black and brown rice (oryza sativa l. indica) improves hepatic lipid accumulation in obese and diabetic model mice via peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation. rpe showed pparα agonistic activity which did not differ between black and brown rpe despite a higher anthocyanin content in black rpe.201728934910
complementary rna-sequencing based transcriptomics and itraq proteomics reveal the mechanism of the alleviation of quinclorac stress by salicylic acid in oryza sativa ssp. japonica.to uncover the alleviation mechanism of quinclorac stress by salicylic acid (sa), leaf samples of oryza sativa ssp. japonica under quinclorac stress with and without sa pre-treatment were analyzed for transcriptional and proteomic profiling to determine the differentially expressed genes (degs) and proteins (deps), respectively. results showed that quinclorac stress altered the expression of 2207 degs (1427 up-regulated, 780 down-regulated) and 147 deps (98 down-regulated, 49 up-regulated). thes ...201728906478
ecophysiological responses to excess iron in lowland and upland rice cultivars.iron (fe) is an essential nutrient for plants but under high concentrations, such as that found naturally in clay and waterlogged soils, its toxic effect can limit production. this study aimed to investigate the stress tolerance responses exhibited by different rice cultivars. both lowland and upland cultivars were grown under excess fe and hypoxic conditions. lowland cultivars showed higher fe accumulation in roots compared with upland cultivars suggesting the use of different strategies to tol ...201728934652
comparative study of the phytoprostane and phytofuran content of indica and japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) flours.phytoprostanes and phytofurans (phytops and phytofs, respectively) are nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation products derived from α-linolenic acid (c18:3 n-3), considered biomarkers of oxidative degradation in plant foods. the present work profiled these compounds in white and brown grain flours and rice bran from 14 rice cultivars of the subspecies indica and japonica by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. for phytop ...201728931281
effects of beneficial microorganisms on lowland rice development.microorganisms can promote plant growth by increasing phytomass production, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis rates, and grain yield, which can result in higher profits for farmers. however, there is limited information available about the physiological characteristics of lowland rice after treatment with beneficial microorganisms in the tropical region. this study aimed to determine the effects of different beneficial microorganisms and various application forms on phytomass production, gas excha ...201728929284
crop-model assisted phenomics and genome-wide association study for climate adaptation of indica rice. 1. phenology.phenology and time of flowering are crucial determinants of rice adaptation to climate variation. a previous study characterized flowering responses of 203 diverse indica rices (the orytage panel) to ten environments in senegal (six sowing dates) and madagascar (two years and two altitudes) under irrigation in the field. this study used the physiological phenology model ridev v2 to heuristically estimate component traits of flowering such as cardinal temperatures (base temperature (tbase) and op ...201728922774
crop-model assisted phenomics and genome-wide association study for climate adaptation of indica rice. 2. thermal stress and spikelet sterility.low night and high day temperatures during sensitive reproductive stages cause spikelet sterility in rice. phenotyping of tolerance traits in the field is difficult because of temporal interactions with phenology and organ temperature differing from ambient. physiological models can be used to separate these effects. a 203-accession indica rice diversity panel was phenotyped for sterility in ten environments in senegal and madagascar and climate data were recorded. here we report on sterility re ...201728922773
rice phytochrome-interacting factor-like1 (ospil1) is involved in the promotion of chlorophyll biosynthesis through feed-forward regulatory loops.in phototrophic plants, the highly conserved and tightly regulated process of chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis comprises multi-step reactions involving more than 15 enzymes. since the efficiency of chl biosynthesis strongly affects plant productivity, understanding the underlying regulatory mechanisms in crop plants can be useful for strategies to increase grain and biomass yields. here, we show that rice (oryza sativa) phytochrome-interacting factor-like1 (ospil1), a basic helix-loop-helix transc ...201728922754
cesium uptake by rice roots largely depends upon a single gene, hak1, which encodes a potassium transporter.incidents at the fukushima and chernobyl nuclear power stations have resulted in widespread environmental contamination by radioactive nuclides. among them, 137cesium has a 30 year half-life, and its persistence in soil raises serious food security issues. it is therefore important to prevent plants, especially crop plants, from absorbing radiocesium. in arabidopsis thaliana, cesium ions are transported into root cells by several different potassium transporters such as high-affinity k+ transpor ...201728922748
mir408 regulates grain yield and photosynthesis via a phytocyanin protein.increasing grain yield is the most important object of crop breeding. here, we report that the elevated expression of a conserved microrna, osmir408, could positively regulate grain yield in rice (oryza sativa) by increasing panicle branches and grain number. we further showed that osmir408 regulates grain yield by down-regulating its downstream target, osucl8, which is an uclacyanin (ucl) gene of the phytocyanin family. the knock down or knock out of osucl8 also increases grain yield, while the ...201728904074
siz1-mediated sumoylation during phosphate homeostasis in plants: looking beyond the tip of the iceberg.availability of phosphate (pi) is often limited in rhizospheres in different agroclimatic zones and adversely affects growth and development of plants. to circumvent this impasse, there is an urgent need and global consensus to develop pi use efficient crops. to achieve this goal, it is essential to identify the molecular entities that exert regulatory influences on the sensing and signaling cascade governing pi homeostasis. siz1 encodes a small ubiquitin-like modifier (sumo e3) ligase, and play ...201728903074
plant stand p-loop ntpases: a current perspective of genome distribution, evolution, and function : plant stand p-loop ntpases: genomic organization, evolution, and molecular mechanism models contribute broadly to plant pathogen defense.stand p-loop ntpase is the common weapon used by plant and other organisms from all three kingdoms of life to defend themselves against pathogen invasion. the purpose of this study is to review comprehensively the latest finding of plant stand p-loop ntpase related to their genomic distribution, evolution, and their mechanism of action. earlier, the plant stand p-loop ntpase known to be comprised of only nbs-lrrs/ap-atpase/nb-arc atpase. however, recent finding suggests that genome of early gree ...201728900732
soil co2 venting as one of the mechanisms for tolerance of zn deficiency by rice in flooded soils.we sought to explain rice (oryza sativa) genotype differences in tolerance of zinc (zn) deficiency in flooded paddy soils and the counter-intuitive observation, made in earlier field experiments, that zn uptake per plant increases with increasing planting density. we grew tolerant and intolerant genotypes in a zn-deficient flooded soil at high and low planting densities and found (a) plant zn concentrations and growth increased with planting density and more so in the tolerant genotype, whereas ...201728898428
root damage under alkaline stress is associated with reactive oxygen species accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.).alkaline stress (high ph) severely damages root cells, and consequently, inhibits rice (oryza sativa l.) seedling growth. in this study, we demonstrate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) in root cells under alkaline stress. seedlings of two rice cultivars with different alkaline tolerances, 'dongdao-4' (moderately alkaline-tolerant) and 'jiudao-51' (alkaline-sensitive), were subjected to alkaline stress simulated by 15 mm sodium carbonate (na2co3). alkaline stress greatly reduced ...201728943882
growth and cd uptake by rice (oryza sativa) in acidic and cd-contaminated paddy soils amended with steel slag.contamination of rice (oryza sativa) by cd is of great concern. steel slag could be used to amend cd-contaminated soils and make them safe for cereal production. this work was conducted to study the effects of steel slag on cd uptake and growth of rice plants in acidic and cd-contaminated paddy soils and to determine the possible mechanisms behind these effects. pot (rhizobag) experiments were conducted using rice plants grown on two acidic and cd-contaminated paddy soils with or without steel s ...201728942250
effects of modified biochar on rhizosphere microecology of rice (oryza sativa l.) grown in as-contaminated soil.biochar was carbon-rich and generated by high-temperature pyrolysis of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions. due to the limitations of surface functional groups and the weakness of surface activity in the field of environmental remediation, the raw biochar frequently was chemically modified to improve its properties with a new performance. in this study, a kind of high-efficiency and low-cost amino biochar modified by nano zero-valent iron (abc/nzvi) was synthesized and applied to paddy soil ...201728866780
influence of bacterial strains on oryza sativa grown under arsenic tainted soil: accumulation and detoxification response.the present study was conducted to study the role of bacterial inoculants in growth, accumulation and tolerance responses in rice grown in arsenic (as) contaminated soil. results revealed that out of five isolated bacterial strains, strain bbau/mmm1 (babasaheb bhimrao ambedkar university/mari matamandir) exhibited resistant to as(iii) to the level of 400 μm as(iii) in comparison to other strain which showed toxicity. the isolated strain bbau/mmm1 1was characterized as gram negative, rod shape, s ...201728850869
identification and fine mapping of a new gene, bph31 conferring resistance to brown planthopper biotype 4 of india to improve rice, oryza sativa l.rice (oryza sativa l.) is the staple food for more than 3.5 billion people, mainly in asia. brown planthopper (bph) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice that limits rice production. host-plant resistance is one of the most efficient ways to overcome bph damage to the rice crop.201728861736
evolutionary modes of emergence of short interspersed nuclear element (sine) families in grasses.short interspersed nuclear elements (sines) are non-autonomous transposable elements which are propagated by retrotransposition and constitute an inherent part of the genome of most eukaryotic species. knowledge of heterogeneous and highly abundant sines is crucial for de novo (or improvement of) annotation of whole genome sequences. we scanned poaceae genome sequences of six important cereals (oryza sativa, triticum aestivum, hordeum vulgare, panicum virgatum, sorghum bicolor, zea mays) and bra ...201728857316
large-scale deployment of a rice 6 k snp array for genetics and breeding applications.fixed arrays of single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers have advantages over reduced representation sequencing in their ease of data analysis, consistently higher call rates, and rapid turnaround times. a 6 k snp array represents a cost-benefit "sweet spot" for routine genetics and breeding applications in rice. selection of informative snps across species and subpopulations during chip design is essential to obtain useful polymorphism rates for target germplasm groups. this paper summarize ...201728856618
transcription factor oswrky53 positively regulates brassinosteroid signaling and plant architecture.brassinosteroids (brs) are a class of steroid hormones regulating multiple aspects of plant growth, development, and adaptation. compared with extensive studies in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), the mechanism of br signaling in rice (oryza sativa) is less understood. here, we identified oswrky53, a transcription factor involved in defense responses, as an important regulator of rice br signaling. phenotypic analyses showed that oswrky53 overexpression led to enlarged leaf angles and increas ...201728894020
comprehensive survey and evolutionary analysis of genome-wide mirna genes from ten diploid oryza species.micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding rnas that play versatile roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. although much is known about their biogenesis, and gene regulation very little is known about their evolutionary relation among the closely related species.201728893199
large-scale phenomics analysis of a t-dna tagged mutant population.rice, oryza sativa l., is one of the most important crops in the world. with the rising world population, feeding people in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly way becomes increasingly important. therefore, the rice research community needs to share resources to better understand the functions of rice genes that are the foundation for future agricultural biotechnology development, and one way to achieve this goal is via the extensive study of insertional mutants. we have constructed ...201728854617
dissecting combining ability effect in a rice ncii-iii population provides insights into heterosis in indica-japonica cross.combining ability is a measure for selecting elite parents that make the highest contributions to hybrid performance. however, the genetic bases of combining ability and how they contributed to heterosis is seldomly known.201728853048
influence of rapeseed cake on iron plaque formation and cd uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings exposed to excess cd.a soil spiking experiment at two cd levels (0.72 and 5.20 mg kg-1) was conducted to investigate the effects of rapeseed cake (rsc) at application rates of 0%, 0.75%, 1.5%, and 3.0% (w/w) on iron plaque formation and cd uptake by rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings. the use of rsc did result in a sharp decrease in soil bioavailability of cd and a significant increase in rice growth, soil ph and organic matter. application of rsc increased the amount of iron plaque formation and this effectively inhi ...201728889221
improved short-term drought response of transgenic rice over-expressing maize c4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase via calcium signal cascade.to understand the link between long-term drought tolerance and short-term drought responses in plants, transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.) plants over-expressing the maize c4-pepc gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pc) and wild-type (wt) rice plants were subjected to peg 6000 treatments to simulate drought stress. compared with wt, pc had the higher survival rate and net photosynthetic rate after 16days of drought treatment, and had higher relative water content in leaves after 2h of d ...201728888162
the iron-chelate transporter osysl9 plays a role in iron distribution in developing rice grains.rice osysl9 is a novel transporter for fe(ii)-nicotianamine and fe(iii)-deoxymugineic acid that is responsible for internal iron transport, especially from endosperm to embryo in developing seeds. metal chelators are essential for safe and efficient metal translocation in plants. graminaceous plants utilize specific ferric iron chelators, mugineic acid family phytosiderophores, to take up sparingly soluble iron from the soil. yellow stripe 1-like (ysl) family transporters are responsible for tra ...201728871478
a chemical-induced, seed-soaking activation procedure for regulated gene expression in rice.inducible gene expression has emerged as a powerful tool for plant functional genomics. the estrogen receptor-based, chemical-inducible system xve has been used in many plant species, but the limited systemic movement of inducer β-estradiol in transgenic rice plants has prohibited a wide use of the xve system in this important food crop. here, we constructed an improved chemical-regulated, site-specific recombination system by employing the xve transactivator in combination with a cre/loxp-frt s ...201728871269
molecular mapping of qtls associated with lodging resistance in dry direct-seeded rice (oryza sativa l.).dry direct-seeded rice (dsr) is an alternative crop establishment method with less water and labor requirement through mechanization. it provides better opportunities for a second crop during the cropping season and therefore, a feasible alternative system to transplanted lowland rice. however, lodging is one of the major constraints in attaining high yield in dsr. identification of qtls for lodging resistance and their subsequent use in improving varieties under dsr will be an efficient breedin ...201728871266
integrating early transcriptomic responses to rhizotoxins in rice (oryza sativa. l.) reveals key regulators and a potential early biomarker of cadmium toxicity.as sessile organisms, plants were constantly challenged with biotic and abiotic stresses. transcriptional activation of stress-responsive genes is a crucial part of the plant adaptation to environmental changes. here, early response of rice root to eight rhizotoxic stressors: arsenate, copper, cadmium, mercury, chromate, vanadate, ferulic acid and juglone, was analyzed using published microarray data. there were 539 general stress response (gsr) genes up-regulated under all eight treatments, inc ...201728868059
limitation of unloading in the developing grains is a possible cause responsible for low stem non-structural carbohydrate translocation and poor grain yield formation in rice through verification of recombinant inbred lines.remobilisation of non-structural carbohydrates (nsc) from leaves and stems and unloading into developing grains are essential for yield formation of rice. in present study, three recombinant inbred lines of rice, r91, r156 and r201 have been tested for source-flow-sink related attributes determining the nature of nsc accumulation and translocation at two nitrogen levels in the field. compared to r91 and r156, r201 had lower grain filling percentage, harvest index, and grain yield. meanwhile, r20 ...201728848573
regulation of rice root development by a retrotransposon acting as a microrna sponge.it is well documented that transposable elements (tes) can regulate the expression of neighbouring genes. however, their ability to act in trans and influence ectopic loci has been reported rarely. we searched in rice transcriptomes for tissue-specific expression of tes and found them to be regulated developmentally. they often shared sequence homology with co-expressed genes and contained potential microrna-binding sites, which suggested possible contributions to gene regulation. in fact, we ha ...201728847366
genome-wide analysis of duf221 domain-containing gene family in oryza species and identification of its salinity stress-responsive members in rice.duf221 domain-containing genes (ddp genes) play important roles in developmental biology, hormone signalling transduction, and responses to abiotic stress. therefore to understand their structural and evolutionary relationship, we did a genome-wide analysis of this important gene family in rice. further, through comparative genomics, ddp genes from oryza sativa subsp. (indica), nine different wild species of rice and arabidopsis were also identified. we also found an expansion of the ddp gene fa ...201728846681
mitigation of cd accumulation in paddy rice (oryza sativa l.) by fe fertilization.cadmium uptake in rice is believed to be mediated by the fe transport system. phyto-available cd can be changed by fe fertilization of substrates. this work investigated whether and how fe fertilization affects mitigation of cd accumulation in paddy rice. a 90-d soil column experiment was conducted to study the change of cd and fe availability in soil after fe fertilization (ionic and chelated fe). a low-cd accumulating cultivar (ty116) and a high-cd accumulating cultivar (jy841) were grown in t ...201728843203
regulatory network and genetic interactions established by osmads34 in rice inflorescence and spikelet morphogenesis.grasses display highly diversified inflorescence architectures that differ in the arrangement of spikelets and flowers and determine cereal yields. however, the molecular basis underlying grass inflorescence morphogenesis remains largely unknown. here we investigate the role of a functionally diversified sepallata mads-box transcription factor, osmads34, in regulating rice (oryza sativa l.) inflorescence and spikelet development. microarray analysis showed that, at the very early stages of inflo ...201728843032
reduced arsenic accumulation in indica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar with ferromanganese oxide impregnated biochar composites amendments.the effects of biochar (bc) and ferromanganese oxide biochar composites (fmbc1 and fmbc2) on as (arsenic) accumulation in rice were determined using a pot experiment. treatments with bc or fmbc improved the dry weights of rice roots, stems, leaves, and grains in soils containing different as contamination levels. compared to bc treatment, fmbc treatments significantly reduced as accumulation in different parts of the rice plants (p < 0.05), and fmbc2 performed better than fmbc1 did. furthermore, ...201728841500
whole genome sequencing and comparative transcriptome analysis of a novel seawater adapted, salt-resistant rice cultivar - sea rice 86.rice (oryza sativa) is critical for human nutrition worldwide. due to a growing population, cultivars that produce high yields in high salinity soil are of major importance. here we describe the discovery and molecular characterization of a novel sea water adapted rice strain, sea rice 86 (sr86).201728835208
contribution of the s-type anion channel slac1 to stomatal control and its dependence on developmental stage in rice.rice production depends on water availability and carbon fixation by photosynthesis. therefore, optimal control of stomata, which regulate leaf transpiration and co2 absorption, is important for high productivity. slow anion channel-associated 1 (slac1) is an s-type anion channel protein that controls stomatal closure in response to elevated co2. rice slac1 mutants showed significantly increased stomatal conductance (gs) and enhanced co2 assimilation. to discern the contribution of stomatal regu ...201729040767
constitutive expression of osdof4, encoding a c2-c2 zinc finger transcription factor, confesses its distinct flowering effects under long- and short-day photoperiods in rice (oryza sativa l.).dof (dna binding with one finger) proteins, a class of plant-specific transcription factors which contain a conserved c2-c2-type zinc finger domain, are involved in many fundamental processes. in the arabidopsis photoperiod response pathway, cdf (cycling dof factor) proteins have a primary role as acting via transcriptional repression of the direct flowering locus t (ft) activator constans (co). our previous study indicated that one of cdf homologs, osdof12, was involved in photoperiodic floweri ...201729052517
genome-wide identification and characterization of the gmsnrk2 family in soybean.sucrose non-fermenting-1 (snf1)-related protein kinase 2s (snrk2s) that were reported to be involved in the transduction of abscisic acid (aba) signaling, play important roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. compared to the systemic investigation of snrk2s in arabidopsisthaliana and oryza sativa, little is known regarding snrk2s in soybean, which is one of the most important oil and protein crops. in the present study, we performed genome-wide identification and characteriz ...201728832544
transcriptional regulatory network of wox11 is involved in the control of crown root development, cytokinin signals, and redox in rice.the rice root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne roots called crown roots. wox11, encoding a wuschel-related homeobox domain transcription factor, is a key regulator of crown root growth and development in rice (oryza sativa. l). in addition to specifically activating crown root development, wox11 is also involved in lateral root initiation, root hair formation, and abiotic stresses. however, the gene regulatory network downstream of wox11 remains largely unknown. here, we s ...201728830102
genome-wide analysis and expression profiling of zinc finger homeodomain (zhd) family genes reveal likely roles in organ development and stress responses in tomato.zinc finger homeodomain proteins (zhd) constitute a plant-specific transcription factor family with a conserved dna binding homeodomain and a zinc finger motif. members of the zhd protein family play important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. genome-wide characterization of zhd genes has been carried out in several model plants, including arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa, but not yet in tomato (solanum lycopersicum).201728874115
degrading and phytoextracting atrazine residues in rice (oryza sativa) and growth media intensified by a phase ii mechanism modulator.atrazine (atz) residue in farmland is one of the environmental contaminants seriously affecting crop production and food safety. understanding the regulatory mechanism for atz metabolism and degradation in plants is important to help reduce atz potential toxicity to both plants and human health. here, we report our newly developed engineered rice overexpressing a novel phase ii metabolic enzyme glycosyltransfearse1 (argt1) responsible for transformation of atz residues in rice. our results showe ...201728872855
genetic dissection of seedling stage salinity tolerance in rice using introgression lines of a salt tolerant landrace nona bokra.salinity is an important abiotic stress affecting rice production worldwide. development of salt tolerant varieties is the most feasible approach for improving rice productivity in salt affected soils. in rice, seedling stage salinity tolerance is crucial for better crop establishment. quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping using introgression lines (ils) is useful for identification and simultaneous transfer of desirable alleles into elite genetic background. in the present study, 138 ils derive ...201728821187
three representative inter and intra-subspecific crosses reveal the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation in rice.systematic characterization of genetic and molecular mechanisms in the formation of hybrid sterility is of fundamental importance in understanding reproductive isolation and speciation. using ultra-high-density genetic maps, 43 single-locus quantitative trait loci (qtls) and 223 digenic interactions for embryo-sac, pollen, and spikelet fertility are depicted from three crosses between representative varieties of japonica and two varietal groups of indica, which provide an extensive archive for i ...201728805257
a rice genetic improvement boom by next generation sequencing.rice (oryza sativa l.) is a staple food crop for people worldwide, and a key goal has been to increase its grain yield. an increasing population that relies on a decreasing level of farmland has rendered the traditional method for the isolation and use of genetic loci in rice breeding unsatisfactory. recently, the rapid development in next generation sequencing (ngs) has boosted the number of genome sequences for hundreds to thousands of rice varieties. a mutmap strategy and bulk segregation ana ...201728885178
efficient crispr/cas9-mediated genome editing using a chimeric single-guide rna molecule.the crispr/cas9 system has been applied in diverse eukaryotic organisms for targeted mutagenesis. however, targeted gene editing is inefficient and requires the simultaneous delivery of a dna template for homology-directed repair (hdr). here, we used crispr/cas9 to generate targeted double-strand breaks and to deliver an rna repair template for hdr in rice (oryza sativa). we used chimeric single-guide rna (cgrna) molecules carrying both sequences for target site specificity (to generate the doub ...201728883826
root transcriptomic analysis revealing the importance of energy metabolism to the development of deep roots in rice (oryza sativa l.).drought is the most serious abiotic stress limiting rice production, and deep root is the key contributor to drought avoidance. however, the genetic mechanism regulating the development of deep roots is largely unknown. in this study, the transcriptomes of 74 root samples from 37 rice varieties, representing the extreme genotypes of shallow or deep rooting, were surveyed by rna-seq. the 13,242 differentially expressed genes (degs) between deep rooting and shallow rooting varieties (h vs. l) were ...201728798764
c-terminal residues of rice translin are essential for octamer formation and nucleic acid binding.translin is a dna/rna binding protein involved in dna repair and rna metabolism. previously, we had shown that rice translin (221 amino acids) exhibits biochemical activities similar to that of the human translin protein. here we report the role of the c-terminal random coil in rice translin function by analyzing truncation (after 215th residue, tra - 215) and substitution mutant proteins (ser216ala, lys217ala, gln218ala, glu219ala). circular dichroism (cd) analysis of tra-215 showed deviations ...201728797959
genome-wide screening of oryza sativa ssp. japonica and indica reveals a complex family of proteins with ribosome-inactivating protein domains.ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are cytotoxic enzymes capable of halting protein synthesis by irreversible modification of ribosomes. although rips are widespread they are not ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. the physiological importance of rips is not fully elucidated, but evidence suggests a role in the protection of the plant against biotic and abiotic stresses. searches in the rice genome revealed a large and highly complex family of proteins with a rip domain. a comparative analysis r ...201728797946
stomatal development: focusing on the grasses.the development and patterning of stomata in the plant epidermis has emerged as an ideal system for studying fundamental plant developmental processes. over the past twenty years most studies of stomata have used the model dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana. however, cultivated monocotyledonous grass (or gramineae) varieties provide the majority of human nutrition, and future research into grass stomata could be of critical importance for improving food security. recent studies using brac ...201728826033
gaba accretion reduces lsi-1 and lsi-2 gene expressions and modulates physiological responses in oryza sativa to provide tolerance towards arsenic.gaba counteracts wide range of stresses through regulation of gaba shunt pathway in plants. although, gaba assisted tolerance against as toxicity in plants is still unexplored. we have examined gaba induced tolerance in rice seedlings with two exposure periods of gaba i.e., short term and long term. results showed that accumulation of gaba reduced the expressions of lsi-1 and lsi-2 transporter genes, which ultimately decreased the accumulation of as in rice seedlings. the accumulation of gaba al ...201728821860
lazy genes mediate the effects of gravity on auxin gradients and plant architecture.a rice (oryza sativa) mutant led to the discovery of a plant-specific lazy1 protein that controls the orientation of shoots. arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) possesses six lazy genes having spatially distinct expression patterns. branch angle phenotypes previously associated with single lazy genes were here studied in roots and shoots of single and higher-order atlazy mutants. the results identify the major contributors to root and shoot branch angles and gravitropic behavior of seedling hypoc ...201728821594
how rice (oryza sativa l.) responds to elevated as under different si-rich soil amendments.several strategies exist to mitigate as impacts on rice and each has its set of trade-offs with respect to yield, inorganic as content in grain, and ch4 emissions. the addition of si to paddy soil can decrease as uptake by rice but how rice will respond to elevated as when soil is amended with si-rich materials is unresolved. here, we evaluated yield impacts and grain as content and speciation in rice exposed to elevated as in response to different si-rich soil amendments including rice husk, ri ...201728795805
development of 25 near-isogenic lines (nils) with ten bph resistance genes in rice (oryza sativa l.): production, resistance spectrum, and molecular analysis.a first set of 25 nils carrying ten bph resistance genes and their pyramids was developed in the background of indica variety ir24 for insect resistance breeding in rice. brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stal.) is one of the most destructive insect pests in rice. development of near-isogenic lines (nils) is an important strategy for genetic analysis of brown planthopper (bph) resistance (r) genes and their deployment against diverse bph populations. a set of 25 nils with 9 single r genes an ...201728795219
modulation of aba signaling by altering vxgφl motif of pp2cs in oryza sativa.the abscisic acid (aba) signaling pathway is regulated by clade a type 2c protein phosphatases (pp2cas) in plants. in the presence of aba, pp2cs release stress/aba-activated protein kinases by binding to aba-bound receptors (pyl/rcars) for activation. although the wedging tryptophan in pp2cs is critical in the interaction with pyl/rcars in arabidopsis and rice, it remains elusive as to how other interface regions are involved in the interaction. here, we report the identification of a conserved ...201728827170
mapping and comparative proteomic analysis of the starch biosynthetic pathway in rice by 2d page/ms.our results not only provide a comprehensive overview of the starch biosynthetic pathway in the developing endosperm but also reveal some important protein markers that regulate the synthesis of starch. in human diets, rice (oryza sativa l.) is an important source of starch, a substantial amount of which is accumulated in developing endosperm. a better understanding of the complicated pathways involved in starch biosynthesis is needed to improve the yield and quality of rice and other cereal cro ...201728887709
genetic dissection of grain traits in yamadanishiki, an excellent sake-brewing rice cultivar.the grain traits of yamadanishiki, an excellent sake-brewing rice cultivar in japan, are governed by multiple qtls, namely, a total of 42 qtls including six major qtls. japanese rice wine (sake) is produced using brewing rice (oryza sativa l.) that carries traits desirable for sake-brewing, such as a larger grain size and higher white-core expression rate (wce) compared to cooking rice cultivars. however, the genetic basis for these traits in brewing rice cultivars is still unclear. we performed ...201728887658
micrornas regulate the main events in rice drought stress response by manipulating the water supply to shoots.micrornas (mirnas) are small endogenous regulatory rnas that are involved in a variety of biological processes related to proliferation, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. mirna profiles of rice (oryza sativa l. cv. ir64.) leaves in a partial root zone drying (prd) system were analysed using a high-throughput sequencing approach to identify mirnas associated with drought signalling. the treatments performed in this study were as follows: well-watered ("wet" roots, ww), whe ...201728872648
rna-seq data of oryza sativa cultivar kuku belang under peg treatment.drought stress is the main abiotic factor affecting rice production. rain-fed upland rice which is grown on unbounded fields and totally dependent on rainfall for moisture is more prone to drought stress compared to rice from other ecosystems. however, upland rice has adapted to this limited water condition, thus are more drought tolerant than rice from other ecosystems. we performed the first transcriptome sequencing of drought tolerant indica upland rice cultivar kuku belang to identify differ ...201728795103
catalytic and functional aspects of different isozymes of glycolate oxidase in rice.glycolate oxidase (glo) is a key enzyme for photorespiration in plants. there are four glo genes encoding and forming different isozymes in rice, but their functional differences are not well understood. in this study, enzymatic and physiological characteristics of the glo isozymes were comparatively analyzed.201728789632
identification and molecular mapping of indica high-tillering dwarf mutant htd4, a mild phenotype allelic mutant of d14 in rice (oryza sativa l.).metabolism of strigolactones (sls) can improve the efficiency of nutrient use by regulating the development of roots and shoots in crops, making them an important research focus for molecular breeding. however, as a very important plant hormone, the molecular mechanism of sl signal transduction still remains largely unknown. in this study, we isolated an indica high-tillering dwarf mutant 4 (htd4), a spontaneous mutant of rice, from the restorer line gui99. mapping and sequencing analysis showed ...201728787541
identification of the actual coding region for polyamine oxidase 6 from rice (ospao6) and its partial characterization.polyamines (pa) in plant play roles in growth and development and in responses to environmental stresses. the family of polyamine oxidases (pao) contributes to a balanced homeostasis of pas catalyzing two different reactions, terminal catabolic (tc) and back-conversion (bc) pathway, in pa catabolism. from the seven paos encoded by the rice genome (ospao1 - ospao7) ospao6 could so far not be characterized due to failure in obtaining the coding cdna based on accessions in the genomic databases. we ...201728786735
foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under cd stress.cadmium (cd) contamination of farmland soils is a widespread problem around the globe, and rice (oryza sativa l.) tends to accumulate more cd and is considered as one of the major sources of cd intake in humans, especially consuming rice-derived products. the current study investigated the effects of foliar applied aspartic acid (asp) on growth parameters, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange characteristics, cd uptake, and antioxidative capacity in the shoots and roots of rice seedl ...201728780693
rice peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase knockdown affects ros signaling and triggers early leaf senescence.h2o2, which is continually produced by aerobic metabolism, is a cytotoxic molecule when in high levels. however, low levels can act as a signaling molecule able to regulate the expression of stress responses, senescence, programmed cell death, plant growth, and development. ascorbate peroxidase (apx) enzyme plays an essential role in the control of intracellular h2o2 levels. here, the function of a gene encoding a peroxisomal apx (osapx4) from rice (oryza sativa l.) was studied. osapx4 gene expr ...201728818384
functional characterization of rice cw-domain containing zinc finger proteins involved in histone recognition.histone recognition is important for understanding the mechanisms of histone modification, which play a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation during plant development. here, we identified three cysteine-tryptophan (cw)-domain containing zinc finger (zf) proteins involved in histone recognition, namely oscw-zf3, oscw-zf5 and oscw-zf7. protein sequence analysis showed that they have two unknown motifs in addition to the cw domain. all three oscw-zfs were expressed in aerial tissues, with rela ...201728818372
the polyketide synthase ospks2 is essential for pollen exine and ubisch body patterning in rice.lipid and phenolic metabolism are important for pollen exine formation. in arabidopsis, polyketide synthases (pkss) are essential for both sporopollenin biosynthesis and exine formation. here, we characterized the role of a polyketide synthase (ospks2) in male reproduction of rice (oryza sativa). recombinant ospks2 catalyzed the condensation of fatty acyl-coa with malonyl-coa to generate triketide and tetraketide α-pyrones, the main components of pollen exine. indeed, the ospks2 mutant had defec ...201728783252
elevated carbon dioxide alleviates aluminum toxicity by decreasing cell wall hemicellulose in rice (oryza sativa).carbon dioxide (co2) is involved in plant growth as well as plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, it remains unclear whether co2 is involved in the response of rice (oryza sativa) to aluminum (al) toxicity. in the current study, we discovered that elevated co2 (600 μl·l-1) significantly alleviated al-induced inhibition of root elongation that occurred in ambient co2 (400 μl·l-1). this protective effect was accompanied by a reduced al accumulation in root apex. al significantly induced ci ...201728769823
genome wide association analysis of cold tolerance at germination in temperate japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties.a pool of 200 traditional, landraces and modern elite and old cultivars of rice, mainly japonica varieties adapted to temperate regions, have been used to perform a genome wide association study to detect chromosome regions associated to low temperature germination (ltg) regulation using a panel of 1672 snp markers. phenotyping was performed by determining growth rates when seeds were germinated at 25° and 15°c in order to separate the germination vigorousness from cold tolerance effects. as exp ...201728817683
association analysis of arsenic-induced straighthead in rice (oryza sativa l.) based on the selected population with a modified model.a rice physiological disorder makes mature panicle keep erect with empty grains termed as "straighthead." straighthead causes yield losses and is a serious threat to rice production worldwide. here, a new study of association mapping was conducted to identify qtl involved in straighthead. a subset of 380 accessions was selected from the usda rice core collection and genotyped with 72 genome-wide ssr markers. an optimal model implemented with principle components (pcs) was used in this associatio ...201728812021
crosstalk between diurnal rhythm and water stress reveals an altered primary carbon flux into soluble sugars in drought-treated rice leaves.plants retain rhythmic physiological responses when adapting to environmental challenges. however, possible integrations between drought conditions and those responses have not received much focus, especially regarding crop plants, and the relationship between abiotic stress and the diurnal cycle is generally not considered. therefore, we conducted a genome-wide analysis to identify genes showing both diurnal regulation and water-deficiency response in rice (oryza sativa). among the 712 drought- ...201728811563
the conserved and unique genetic architecture of kernel size and weight in maize and rice.maize (zea mays) is a major staple crop. maize kernel size and weight are important contributors to its yield. here, we measured kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness, hundred kernel weight, and kernel test weight in 10 recombinant inbred line populations and dissected their genetic architecture using three statistical models. in total, 729 quantitative trait loci (qtls) were identified, many of which were identified in all three models, including 22 major qtls that each can explain more ...201728811335
heavy metals (lead, cadmium, methylmercury, arsenic) in commonly imported rice grains (oryza sativa) sold in saudi arabia and their potential health risk.the levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, methylmercury and arsenic) were determined in 37 brands of imported rice commonly consumed in saudi arabia after soaking and rinsing with water, and their potential health risks to residents were estimated by three indices: hazard quotient (hq), hazard index (hi) and cancer risk (cr). the mean levels of lead, cadmium, methylmercury and total arsenic in soaked (rinsed) rice grains were 0.034 (0.057), 0.015 (0.027), 0.004 (0.007) and 0.202 (0.183) μg/g dr ...201728780210
seed priming with se alleviate as induced phytotoxicity during germination and seedling growth by restricting as translocation in rice (oryza sativa l c.v. iet-4094).interactive aspect of among selenium (se) and as (as) to mitigate as induced phytotoxicity in rice during germination and seedling growth has been based on mostly to petriplates and hydroponic mode of experiments. in this investigation we explore the consequences of sowing se primed rice seeds in as spiked soil. unprimed, hydroprimed and se primed rice (iet-4094) seeds sown in as spiked soil, with five replications, arranged in complete randomized design for evaluating the impacts of seed primin ...201728779704
increment of root membrane permeability caused by microcystins result in more elements uptake in rice (oryza sativa).we conducted an indoor culture experiment to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of microcystins (mcs) on rice. after a 30day exposure, mcs induced a clear inhibition in rice growth, as well as a disruption of its antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation. we observed an increase in root membrane permeability; the conductivity of the leakage solution of the roots at 50 and 500μgl-1 was significantly increased by 77% and 136%, respectively, compared to the control. uptake of microelements (fe, mn, cu ...201728778041
multiple method analysis of tio2 nanoparticle uptake in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants.understanding the translocation of nanoparticles (nps) into plants is challenging because qualitative and quantitative methods are still being developed and the comparability of results among different methods is unclear. in this study, uptake of titanium dioxide nps and larger bulk particles (bps) in rice plant (oryza sativa l.) tissues was evaluated using three orthogonal techniques: electron microscopy, single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (spicp-ms) with two different ...201728777911
effect of selenium application on arsenic uptake in rice (oryza sativa l.).alluvial aquifers of the agrarian state of punjab of southwestern arid zone used for irrigation of rice crops are rich in arsenic concentration. in the present study, rice (oryza sativa l.) crops were raised in pots in a greenhouse with a purpose to study whether selenium (se) application was effective in ameliorating as uptake. the rice crop was irrigated with arsenic laced water (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 μm as l-1) throughout the growing period, without and with selenium (0.05 and 0.10 mg kg-1) added ...201728770430
comparative studies on tolerance of rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to moderate salt stress.moderate salt stress, which often occurs in most saline agriculture land, suppresses crop growth and reduces crop yield. rice, as an important food crop, is sensitive to salt stress and rice genotypes differ in their tolerance to salt stress. despite extensive studies on salt tolerance of rice, a few studies have specifically investigated the mechanism by which rice plants respond and tolerate to moderate salt stress. two rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to saline-alkaline stress, don ...201728814283
rapid and targeted introgression of fgr gene through marker-assisted backcrossing in rice (oryza sativa l.).while it is crucial for developing countries like malaysia to achieve self-sufficiency in rice (oryza sativa l.), it is equally critical to be able to produce high-quality rice, specifically fragrant rice, which demands are often met through importation. the present study was aimed at developing high-yielding fragrant rice, in a timely and cost-effective manner. a marker-assisted backcross (mabc) approach was optimised to introgress the fragrance gene (fgr) into two high-yielding malaysian varie ...201728813631
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