Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| phosphorylation of trihelix transcriptional repressor asr3 by map kinase4 negatively regulates arabidopsis immunity. | proper control of immune-related gene expression is crucial for the host to launch an effective defense response. perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) induces rapid and profound transcriptional reprogramming via unclear mechanisms. here, we show that asr3 (arabidopsis sh4-related3) functions as a transcriptional repressor and plays a negative role in regulating pattern-triggered immunity (pti) in arabidopsis thaliana. asr3 belongs to a plant-specific trihelix transcription ... | 2015 | 25770109 |
| programmed cell death in plants: a chloroplastic connection. | programmed cell death (pcd) is an integral cellular program by which targeted cells culminate to demise under certain developmental and pathological conditions. it is essential for controlling cell number, removing unwanted diseased or damaged cells and maintaining the cellular homeostasis. the details of pcd process has been very well elucidated and characterized in animals but similar understanding of the process in plants has not been achieved rather the field is still in its infancy that see ... | 2015 | 25760871 |
| structure and function of the bacterial root microbiota in wild and domesticated barley. | the microbial communities inhabiting the root interior of healthy plants, as well as the rhizosphere, which consists of soil particles firmly attached to roots, engage in symbiotic associations with their host. to investigate the structural and functional diversification among these communities, we employed a combination of 16s rrna gene profiling and shotgun metagenome analysis of the microbiota associated with wild and domesticated accessions of barley (hordeum vulgare). bacterial families com ... | 2015 | 25732064 |
| myconanoparticles: synthesis and their role in phytopathogens management. | nanotechnology can offer green and eco-friendly alternatives for plant disease management. apart from being eco-friendly, fungi are used as bio-manufacturing units, which will provide an added benefit in being easy to use, as compared to other microbes. the non-pathogenic nature of some fungal species in combination with the simplicity of production and handling will improve the mass production of silver nanoparticles. recently, a diverse range of fungi have been screened for their ability to cr ... | 2015 | 26019636 |
| fine-mapping of a major qtl controlling angular leaf spot resistance in common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). | a major qtl for angular leaf spot resistance in the common bean accession g5686 was fine-mapped to a region containing 36 candidate genes. markers have been developed for marker-assisted selection. common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) is an important grain legume and an essential protein source for human nutrition in developing countries. angular leaf spot (als) caused by the pathogen pseudocercospora griseola (sacc.) crous and u. braun is responsible for severe yield losses of up to 80%. breedin ... | 2015 | 25740562 |
| the bacterial alarmone (p)ppgpp is required for virulence and controls cell size and survival of pseudomonas syringae on plants. | the stringent response, mediated by second messenger (p)ppgpp, results in swift and massive transcriptional reprogramming under nutrient limited conditions. in this study, the role of (p)ppgpp on virulence of pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae b728a (pssb728a) was investigated. the virulence of the rela/spot (ppgpp(0) ) double mutant was completely impaired on bean, and bacterial growth was significantly reduced, suggesting that (p)ppgpp is required for full virulence of p. syringae. expression o ... | 2015 | 25626964 |
| the xanthomonas campestris type iii effector xopj proteolytically degrades proteasome subunit rpt6. | many animal and plant pathogenic bacteria inject type iii effector (t3e) proteins into their eukaryotic host cells to suppress immunity. the yersinia outer protein j (yopj) family of t3es is a widely distributed family of effector proteins found in both animal and plant pathogens, and its members are highly diversified in virulence functions. some members have been shown to possess acetyltransferase activity; however, whether this is a general feature of yopj family t3es is currently unknown. th ... | 2015 | 25739698 |
| effect of quorum sensing signals produced by seaweed-associated bacteria on carpospore liberation from gracilaria dura. | epiphytic and endophytic bacteria associated with green macroalgae ulva (u. fasciata and u. lactuca) and red macroalgae gracilaria (g. corticata and g. dura) have been identified from three different seasons to evaluate the effect of quorum sensing (qs) molecules on carpospores liberation from gracilaria dura. the bacterial isolates belonging to the orders bacillales, pseudomonadales, alteromonadales, and vibrionales were present in all seasons, whereas actinomycetales and enterobacteriales were ... | 2015 | 25788899 |
| identification of the linkage between a-polysaccharide and the core in the a-lipopolysaccharide of porphyromonas gingivalis w50. | porphyromonas gingivalis synthesizes two lipopolysaccharides (lpss), o-lps and a-lps. the structure of the core oligosaccharide (os) of o-lps and the attachment site of the o-polysaccharide (o-ps) repeating unit [ → 3)-α-d-galp-(1 → 6)-α-d-glcp-(1 → 4)-α-l-rhap-(1 → 3)-β-d-galnacp-(1 → ] to the core have been elucidated using the δpg1051 (waal, o-antigen ligase) and δpg1142 (wzy, o-antigen polymerase) mutant strains, respectively. the core os occurs as an "uncapped" glycoform devoid of o-ps and ... | 2015 | 25733619 |
| tanac1 acts as a negative regulator of stripe rust resistance in wheat, enhances susceptibility to pseudomonas syringae, and promotes lateral root development in transgenic arabidopsis thaliana. | plant-specific nac transcription factors (tfs) constitute a large family and play important roles in regulating plant developmental processes and responses to environmental stresses, but only some of them have been investigated for effects on disease reaction in cereal crops. virus-induced gene silencing (vigs) is an effective strategy for rapid functional analysis of genes in plant tissues. in this study, tanac1, encoding a new member of the nac1 subgroup, was cloned from bread wheat and charac ... | 2015 | 25774162 |
| proteomic identification of early salicylate- and flg22-responsive redox-sensitive proteins in arabidopsis. | accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros) is one of the early defense responses against pathogen infection in plants. the mechanism about the initial and direct regulation of the defense signaling pathway by ros remains elusive. perturbation of cellular redox homeostasis by ros is believed to alter functions of redox-sensitive proteins through their oxidative modifications. here we report an oxitraq-based proteomic study in identifying proteins whose cysteines underwent oxidative modificatio ... | 2015 | 25720653 |
| an assessment of heavy ion irradiation mutagenesis for reverse genetics in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | reverse genetic techniques harnessing mutational approaches are powerful tools that can provide substantial insight into gene function in plants. however, as compared to diploid species, reverse genetic analyses in polyploid plants such as bread wheat can present substantial challenges associated with high levels of sequence and functional similarity amongst homoeologous loci. we previously developed a high-throughput method to identify deletions of genes within a physically mutagenized wheat po ... | 2015 | 25719507 |
| a high-sensitivity optical device for the early monitoring of plant pathogen attack via the in vivo detection of ros bursts. | biotic stressors, especially pathogenic microorganisms, are rather difficult to detect. in plants, one of the earliest cellular responses following pathogen infection is the production of reactive oxygen species (ros). in this study, a novel optical device for the early monitoring of pseudomonas attack was developed; this device measures the ros level via oxidation-sensitive 2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (h2dcfda)-mediated fluorescence, which could provide early monitoring of attac ... | 2015 | 25767474 |
| rna-seq analysis reveals the role of red light in resistance against pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 in tomato plants. | plants attenuate their responses to a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens, leading to higher incidences of pathogen infection at night. however, little is known about the molecular mechanism responsible for the light-induced defence response; transcriptome data would likely facilitate the elucidation of this mechanism. | 2015 | 25765075 |
| induced resistance for plant defense. | 2015 | 25759706 | |
| pale-green phenotype of atl31atl6 double mutant leaves is caused by disruption of 5-aminolevulinic acid biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. | arabidopsis ubiquitin ligases atl31 and homologue atl6 control the carbon/nitrogen nutrient and pathogen responses. a mutant with the loss-of-function of both atl31 and atl6 developed light intensity-dependent pale-green true leaves, whereas the single knockout mutants did not. plastid ultrastructure and blue native-page analyses revealed that pale-green leaves contain abnormal plastid structure with highly reduced levels of thylakoid proteins. in contrast, the pale-green leaves of the atl31/atl ... | 2015 | 25706562 |
| the epl1 and sm1 proteins from trichoderma atroviride and trichoderma virens differentially modulate systemic disease resistance against different life style pathogens in solanum lycopersicum. | fungi belonging to the genus trichoderma, commonly found in soil or colonizing plant roots, exert beneficial effects on plants, including the promotion of growth and the induction of resistance to disease. t. virens and t. atroviride secrete the proteins sm1 and epl1, respectively, which elicit local and systemic disease resistance in plants. in this work, we show that these fungi promote growth in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants. t. virens was more effective than t. atroviride in promoting ... | 2015 | 25755658 |
| the interaction of arabidopsis with piriformospora indica shifts from initial transient stress induced by fungus-released chemical mediators to a mutualistic interaction after physical contact of the two symbionts. | piriformospora indica, an endophytic fungus of sebacinales, colonizes the roots of many plant species including arabidopsis thaliana. the symbiotic interaction promotes plant performance, growth and resistance/tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress. | 2015 | 25849363 |
| priming of wheat with the green leaf volatile z-3-hexenyl acetate enhances defense against fusarium graminearum but boosts deoxynivalenol production. | priming refers to a mechanism whereby plants are sensitized to respond faster and/or more strongly to future pathogen attack. here, we demonstrate that preexposure to the green leaf volatile z-3-hexenyl acetate (z-3-hac) primed wheat (triticum aestivum) for enhanced defense against subsequent infection with the hemibiotrophic fungus fusarium graminearum. bioassays showed that, after priming with z-3-hac, wheat ears accumulated up to 40% fewer necrotic spikelets. furthermore, leaves of seedlings ... | 2015 | 25713338 |
| effects of n-glycosylation site removal in archaellins on the assembly and function of archaella in methanococcus maripaludis. | in methanococcus maripaludis s2, the swimming organelle, the archaellum, is composed of three archaellins, flab1s2, flab2s2 and flab3s2. all three are modified with an n-linked tetrasaccharide at multiple sites. disruption of the n-linked glycosylation pathway is known to cause defects in archaella assembly or function. here, we explored the potential requirement of n-glycosylation of archaellins on archaellation by investigating the effects of eliminating the 4 n-glycosylation sites in the wild ... | 2015 | 25700084 |
| arabidopsis flower specific defense gene expression patterns affect resistance to pathogens. | we investigated whether the arabidopsis flower evolved protective measures to increase reproductive success. firstly, analyses of available transcriptome data show that the most highly expressed transcripts in the closed sepal (stage 12) are enriched in genes with roles in responses to chemical stimuli and cellular metabolic processes. at stage 15, there is enrichment in transcripts with a role in responses to biotic stimuli. comparative analyses between the sepal and petal in the open flower ma ... | 2015 | 25750645 |
| comparative genomic analysis of seven mycoplasma hyosynoviae strains. | infection with mycoplasma hyosynoviae can result in debilitating arthritis in pigs, particularly those aged 10 weeks or older. strategies for controlling this pathogen are becoming increasingly important due to the rise in the number of cases of arthritis that have been attributed to infection in recent years. in order to begin to develop interventions to prevent arthritis caused by m. hyosynoviae, more information regarding the specific proteins and potential virulence factors that its genome e ... | 2015 | 25693846 |
| phospholipase d affects translocation of npr1 to the nucleus in arabidopsis thaliana. | phytohormone salicylic acid (sa) is a crucial component of plant-induced defense against biotrophic pathogens. although the key players of the sa pathway are known, there are still gaps in the understanding of the molecular mechanism and the regulation of particular steps. in our previous research, we showed in arabidopsis suspension cells that n-butanol, which specifically modulates phospholipase d activity, significantly suppresses the transcription of the pathogenesis related (pr-1) gene, whi ... | 2015 | 25741350 |
| the capsicum annuum class iv chitinase chitiv interacts with receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase pik1 to accelerate pik1-triggered cell death and defence responses. | the pepper receptor-like cytoplasmic protein kinase, capik1, which mediates signalling of plant cell death and defence responses was previously identified. here, the identification of a class iv chitinase, cachitiv, from pepper plants (capsicum annuum), which interacts with capik1 and promotes capik1-triggered cell death and defence responses, is reported. cachitiv contains a signal peptide, chitin-binding domain, and glycol hydrolase domain. cachitiv expression was up-regulated by xanthomonas c ... | 2015 | 25694549 |
| comprehensive analysis suggests overlapping expression of rice onac transcription factors in abiotic and biotic stress responses. | nac (nam/ataf/cuc) transcription factors comprise a large plant-specific gene family that contains more than 149 members in rice. extensive studies have revealed that nac transcription factors not only play important roles in plant growth and development, but also have functions in regulation of responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. however, biological functions for most of the members in the nac family remain unknown. in this study, microarray data analyses revealed that a total of 63 onac ... | 2015 | 25690040 |
| a tale of transposition: tn3-like transposons play a major role in the spread of pathogenicity determinants of xanthomonas citri and other xanthomonads. | members of the genus xanthomonas are among the most important phytopathogens. a key feature of xanthomonas pathogenesis is the translocation of type iii secretion system (t3ss) effector proteins (t3ses) into the plant target cells via a t3ss. several t3ses and a murein lytic transglycosylase gene (mlt, required for citrus canker symptoms) are found associated with three transposition-related genes in xanthomonas citri plasmid pxac64. these are flanked by short inverted repeats (irs). the region ... | 2015 | 25691597 |
| retromer contributes to immunity-associated cell death in arabidopsis. | membrane trafficking is required during plant immune responses, but its contribution to the hypersensitive response (hr), a form of programmed cell death (pcd) associated with effector-triggered immunity, is not well understood. hr is induced by nucleotide binding-leucine-rich repeat (nb-lrr) immune receptors and can involve vacuole-mediated processes, including autophagy. we previously isolated lazarus (laz) suppressors of autoimmunity-triggered pcd in the arabidopsis thaliana mutant accelerate ... | 2015 | 25681156 |
| the f-box protein max2 contributes to resistance to bacterial phytopathogens in arabidopsis thaliana. | the arabidopsis thaliana f-box protein more axillary growth2 (max2) has previously been characterized for its role in plant development. max2 appears essential for the perception of the newly characterized phytohormone strigolactone, a negative regulator of polar auxin transport in arabidopsis. | 2015 | 25849639 |
| the e3 ligase ospub15 interacts with the receptor-like kinase pid2 and regulates plant cell death and innate immunity. | rice blast disease is one of the most destructive diseases of rice worldwide. we previously cloned the rice blast resistance gene pid2, which encodes a transmembrane receptor-like kinase containing an extracellular b-lectin domain and an intracellular serine/threonine kinase domain. however, little is known about pid2-mediated signaling. | 2015 | 25849162 |
| long-chain bases, phosphatidic acid, mapks, and reactive oxygen species as nodal signal transducers in stress responses in arabidopsis. | due to their sessile condition, plants have developed sensitive, fast, and effective ways to contend with environmental changes. these mechanisms operate as informational wires conforming extensive and intricate networks that are connected in several points. the responses are designed as pathways orchestrated by molecules that are transducers of protein and non-protein nature. their chemical nature imposes selective features such as specificity, formation rate, and generation site to the informa ... | 2015 | 25763001 |
| structural analysis of a specialized type iii secretion system peptidoglycan-cleaving enzyme. | the gram-negative bacterium enteropathogenic escherichia coli uses a syringe-like type iii secretion system (t3ss) to inject virulence or "effector" proteins into the cytoplasm of host intestinal epithelial cells. to assemble, the t3ss must traverse both bacterial membranes, as well as the peptidoglycan layer. peptidoglycan is made of repeating n-acetylmuramic acid and n-acetylglucosamine disaccharides cross-linked by pentapeptides to form a tight mesh barrier. assembly of many macromolecular ma ... | 2015 | 25678709 |
| development of an immunochromatographic strip for rapid detection of pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii. | a rapid, simple, sensitive, and specific immunochromatographic test strip was developed for the detection of pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii (pss) in corn seed which was soaked overnight and then centrifuged for precipitate re-dissolved as samples. a pair of sensitive monoclonal antibodies for the immunochromatographic test strip was generated by mice immunization and cell fusion. under optimized conditions, the lower detection limit of the strips for pss was 1 × 10(5) cfu/ml both in 0.01 m p ... | 2015 | 25686315 |
| histone chaperones in arabidopsis and rice: genome-wide identification, phylogeny, architecture and transcriptional regulation. | histone chaperones modulate chromatin architecture and hence play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. in contrast to their animal and yeast counterparts, not much is known about plant histone chaperones. to gain insights into their functions in plants, we sought to identify histone chaperones from two model plant species and investigated their phylogeny, domain architecture and transcriptional profiles to establish correlation between their expression patterns and potenti ... | 2015 | 25849155 |
| the physcomitrella patens unique alpha-dioxygenase participates in both developmental processes and defense responses. | plant α-dioxygenases catalyze the incorporation of molecular oxygen into polyunsaturated fatty acids leading to the formation of oxylipins. in flowering plants, two main groups of α-doxs have been described. while the α-dox1 isoforms are mainly involved in defense responses against microbial infection and herbivores, the α-dox2 isoforms are mostly related to development. to gain insight into the roles played by these enzymes during land plant evolution, we performed biochemical, genetic and mole ... | 2015 | 25848849 |
| downy mildew disease promotes the colonization of romaine lettuce by escherichia coli o157:h7 and salmonella enterica. | downy mildew, a plant disease caused by the oomycete bremia lactucae, is endemic in many lettuce-growing regions of the world. invasion by plant pathogens may create new portals and opportunities for microbial colonization of plants. the occurrence of outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 (eco157) and salmonella enterica typhimurium (s. typhimurium) infections linked to lettuce prompted us to investigate the role of downy mildew in the colonization of romaine lettuce by these human pathogens und ... | 2015 | 25648408 |
| key players of singlet oxygen-induced cell death in plants. | the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) is an unavoidable consequence of oxygenic photosynthesis. singlet oxygen ((1)o2) is a highly reactive species to which has been attributed a major destructive role during the execution of ros-induced cell death in photosynthetic tissues exposed to excess light. the study of the specific biological activity of (1)o2 in plants has been hindered by its high reactivity and short lifetime, the concurrent production of other ros under photooxidative stre ... | 2015 | 25699067 |
| expanding the enzyme universe: accessing non-natural reactions by mechanism-guided directed evolution. | high selectivity and exquisite control over the outcome of reactions entice chemists to use biocatalysts in organic synthesis. however, many useful reactions are not accessible because they are not in nature's known repertoire. in this review, we outline an evolutionary approach to engineering enzymes to catalyze reactions not found in nature. we begin with examples of how nature has discovered new catalytic functions and how such evolutionary progression has been recapitulated in the laboratory ... | 2015 | 25649694 |
| arabidopsis hfr1 is a potential nuclear substrate regulated by the xanthomonas type iii effector xopd(xcc8004). | xopdxcc8004, a type iii effector of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc) 8004, is considered a shorter version of the xopd, which lacks the n-terminal domain. to understand the functions of xopdxcc8004, in planta, a transgenic approach combined with inducible promoter to analyze the effects of xopdxcc8004 in arabidopsis was done. here, the expression of xopdxcc8004, in arabidopsis elicited the accumulation of host defense-response genes. these molecular changes were dependent on salicylic ... | 2015 | 25647296 |
| brassica napus l. cultivars show a broad variability in their morphology, physiology and metabolite levels in response to sulfur limitations and to pathogen attack. | under adequate sulfur supply, plants accumulate sulfate in the vacuoles and use sulfur-containing metabolites as storage compounds. under sulfur-limiting conditions, these pools of stored sulfur-compounds are depleted in order to balance the nitrogen to sulfur ratio for protein synthesis. stress conditions like sulfur limitation and/or pathogen attack induce changes in the sulfate pool and the levels of sulfur-containing metabolites, which often depend on the ecotypes or cultivars. we are intere ... | 2015 | 25699060 |
| stress-induced endogenous sirnas targeting regulatory intron sequences in brachypodium. | exposure to abiotic stresses triggers global changes in the expression of thousands of eukaryotic genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. small rna (smrna) pathways and splicing both function as crucial mechanisms regulating stress-responsive gene expression. however, examples of smrnas regulating gene expression remain largely limited to effects on mrna stability, translation, and epigenetic regulation. also, our understanding of the networks controlling plant gene express ... | 2015 | 25480817 |
| jasmonates elicit different sets of stilbenes in vitis vinifera cv. negramaro cell cultures. | the plant phenol trans-resveratrol, which is mainly found in grape, displays a wide range of biological effects. a cell suspension culture was developed from calli of grape leaves of vitis vinifera cv. negramaro in order to study the bioproduction of resveratrol. the effects of a number of secondary plant metabolism elicitors, namely chitosan, methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, coronatine, and 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, were tested on this cell suspension culture. the identification and quantificat ... | 2015 | 25674504 |
| functional analysis of plant defense suppression and activation by the xanthomonas core type iii effector xopx. | many phytopathogenic type iii secretion effector proteins (t3es) have been shown to target and suppress plant immune signaling but perturbation of the plant immune system by t3es can also elicit a plant response. xopx is a "core" xanthomonas t3e that contributes to growth and symptom development during xanthomonas euvesicatoria infection of tomato but its functional role is undefined. we tested the effect of xopx on several aspects of plant immune signaling. xopx promoted ethylene production and ... | 2015 | 25338145 |
| infection of ustilaginoidea virens intercepts rice seed formation but activates grain-filling-related genes. | rice false smut has become an increasingly serious disease in rice (oryza sativa l.) production worldwide. the typical feature of this disease is that the fungal pathogen ustilaginoidea virens (uv) specifically infects rice flower and forms false smut ball, the ustiloxin-containing ball-like fungal colony, of which the size is usually several times larger than that of a mature rice seed. however, the underlying mechanisms of uv-rice interaction are poorly understood. here, we applied time-course ... | 2015 | 25319482 |
| functional diversity of jasmonates in rice. | phytohormone jasmonates (ja) play essential roles in plants, such as regulating development and growth, responding to environmental changes, and resisting abiotic and biotic stresses. during signaling, ja interacts, either synergistically or antagonistically, with other hormones, such as salicylic acid (sa), gibberellin (ga), ethylene (et), auxin, brassinosteroid (br), and abscisic acid (aba), to regulate gene expression in regulatory networks, conferring physiological and metabolic adjustments ... | 2015 | 26054241 |
| sequence-specific cleavage of dsrna by mini-iii rnase. | ribonucleases (rnases) play a critical role in rna processing and degradation by hydrolyzing phosphodiester bonds (exo- or endonucleolytically). many rnases that cut rna internally exhibit substrate specificity, but their target sites are usually limited to one or a few specific nucleotides in single-stranded rna and often in a context of a particular three-dimensional structure of the substrate. thus far, no rnase counterparts of restriction enzymes have been identified which could cleave doubl ... | 2015 | 25634891 |
| perturbation of maize phenylpropanoid metabolism by an avre family type iii effector from pantoea stewartii. | avre family type iii effector proteins share the ability to suppress host defenses, induce disease-associated cell death, and promote bacterial growth. however, despite widespread contributions to numerous bacterial diseases in agriculturally important plants, the mode of action of these effectors remains largely unknown. wtse is an avre family member required for the ability of pantoea stewartii ssp. stewartii (pnss) to proliferate efficiently and cause wilt and leaf blight symptoms in maize (z ... | 2015 | 25635112 |
| recruitment of plant u-box13 and the pi4kβ1/β2 phosphatidylinositol-4 kinases by the small gtpase raba4b plays important roles during salicylic acid-mediated plant defense signaling in arabidopsis. | protection against microbial pathogens involves the activation of cellular immune responses in eukaryotes, and this cellular immunity likely involves changes in subcellular membrane trafficking. in eukaryotes, members of the rab gtpase family of small monomeric regulatory gtpases play prominent roles in the regulation of membrane trafficking. we previously showed that raba4b is recruited to vesicles that emerge from trans-golgi network (tgn) compartments and regulates polarized membrane traffick ... | 2015 | 25634989 |
| ptrwrky73, a salicylic acid-inducible poplar wrky transcription factor, is involved in disease resistance in arabidopsis thaliana. | a salicylic acid-inducible wrky gene, ptrwrky73, from populus trichocarpa , was isolated and characterized. overexpression of ptrwrky73 in arabidopsis thaliana increased resistance to biotrophic pathogens but reduced resistance against necrotrophic pathogens. wrky transcription factors are commonly involved in plant defense responses. however, limited information is available about the roles of the wrky genes in poplar defense. in this study, we isolated a salicylic acid (sa)-inducible wrky gene ... | 2015 | 25627252 |
| the search for therapeutic bacteriophages uncovers one new subfamily and two new genera of pseudomonas-infecting myoviridae. | in a previous study, six virulent bacteriophages pak_p1, pak_p2, pak_p3, pak_p4, pak_p5 and cha_p1 were evaluated for their in vivo efficacy in treating pseudomonas aeruginosa infections using a mouse model of lung infection. here, we show that their genomes are closely related to five other pseudomonas phages and allow a subdivision into two clades, pak_p1-like and kpp10-like viruses, based on differences in genome size, %gc and genomic contents, as well as number of trnas. these two clades are ... | 2015 | 25629728 |
| the relevance of nanoscale biological fragments for ice nucleation in clouds. | most studies of the role of biological entities as atmospheric ice-nucleating particles have focused on relatively rare supermicron particles such as bacterial cells, fungal spores and pollen grains. however, it is not clear that there are sufficient numbers of these particles in the atmosphere to strongly influence clouds. here we show that the ice-nucleating activity of a fungus from the ubiquitous genus fusarium is related to the presence of nanometre-scale particles which are far more numero ... | 2015 | 25626414 |
| stereoselective syntheses of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters through phosphine-catalyzed γ-umpolung additions of sulfonamides to γ-substituted allenoates. | α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters can be synthesized efficiently and stereoselectively through phosphine-catalyzed γ-umpolung additions of sulfonamides to γ-substituted allenoates. the structures of the sulfonamide and γ-substituted allenoate partners can be varied to achieve a range of α,β-unsaturated γ-amino esters with potentially interesting chemical and biological properties. | 2015 | 26041942 |
| hydrolysis of phytate and formation of inositol phosphate isomers without or with supplemented phytases in different segments of the digestive tract of broilers. | the objective was to characterise degradation of myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis (dihydrogen phosphate) (insp6) and formation of inositol phosphate (insp) isomers in different segments of the broiler digestive tract. influence of an aspergillus niger (phya) and two escherichia coli-derived (phye1 and phye2) phytases was also investigated. a total of 600 16-d-old broilers were allocated to forty floor pens (ten pens per treatment). low-p (5·2 g/kg dm) maize-soyabean meal-based diets were fed wit ... | 2015 | 26090091 |
| imposed glutathione-mediated redox switch modulates the tobacco wound-induced protein kinase and salicylic acid-induced protein kinase activation state and impacts on defence against pseudomonas syringae. | the role of the redox-active tripeptide glutathione in plant defence against pathogens has been studied extensively; however, the impact of changes in cellular glutathione redox potential on signalling processes during defence reactions has remained elusive. this study explored the impact of elevated glutathione content on the cytosolic redox potential and on early defence signalling at the level of mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), as well as on subsequent defence reactions, including ... | 2015 | 25628332 |
| a truncated nlr protein, tir-nbs2, is required for activated defense responses in the exo70b1 mutant. | during exocytosis, the evolutionarily conserved exocyst complex tethers golgi-derived vesicles to the target plasma membrane, a critical function for secretory pathways. here we show that exo70b1 loss-of-function mutants express activated defense responses upon infection and express enhanced resistance to fungal, oomycete and bacterial pathogens. in a screen for mutants that suppress exo70b1 resistance, we identified nine alleles of tir-nbs2 (tn2), suggesting that loss-of-function of exo70b1 lea ... | 2015 | 25617755 |
| regulation of oncogene expression in t-dna-transformed host plant cells. | virulent agrobacterium tumefaciens strains integrate their t-dna into the plant genome where the encoded agrobacterial oncogenes are expressed and cause crown gall disease. essential for crown gall development are iaah (indole-3-acetamide hydrolase), iaam (tryptophan monooxygenase) and ipt (isopentenyl transferase), which encode enzymes for the biosynthesis of auxin (iaah, iaam) and cytokinin (ipt). although these oncogenes are well studied as the tumor-inducing principle, nothing is known about ... | 2015 | 25615824 |
| revealing shared and distinct gene network organization in arabidopsis immune responses by integrative analysis. | pattern-triggered immunity (pti) and effector-triggered immunity (eti) are two main plant immune responses to counter pathogen invasion. genome-wide gene network organizing principles leading to quantitative differences between pti and eti have remained elusive. we combined an advanced machine learning method and modular network analysis to systematically characterize the organizing principles of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) pti and eti at three network resolutions. at the single network n ... | 2015 | 25614062 |
| redundancy and metabolic function of the glutamine synthetase gene family in poplar. | glutamine synthetase (gs; ec: 6.3.1.2, l-glutamate: ammonia ligase adp-forming) is a key enzyme in ammonium assimilation and metabolism in higher plants. in poplar, the gs family is organized in 4 groups of duplicated genes, 3 of which code for cytosolic gs isoforms (gs1.1, gs1.2 and gs1.3) and one group that codes for the choroplastic gs isoform (gs2). our previous work suggested that gs duplicates may have been retained to increase the amount of enzyme in a particular cell type. | 2015 | 25608602 |
| evaluation of methods to purify virus-like particles for metagenomic sequencing of intestinal viromes. | viruses are a significant component of the intestinal microbiota in mammals. in recent years, advances in sequencing technologies and data analysis techniques have enabled detailed metagenomic studies investigating intestinal viromes (collections of bacteriophage and eukaryotic viral nucleic acids) and their potential contributions to the ecology of the microbiota. an important component of virome studies is the isolation and purification of virus-like particles (vlps) from intestinal contents o ... | 2015 | 25608871 |
| the arabidopsis transcription factor brassinosteroid insensitive1-ethyl methanesulfonate-suppressor1 is a direct substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase6 and regulates immunity. | pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) are recognized by plant pattern recognition receptors to activate pamp-triggered immunity (pti). mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks), as well as other cytoplasmic kinases, integrate upstream immune signals and, in turn, dissect pti signaling via different substrates to regulate defense responses. however, only a few direct substrates of these signaling kinases have been identified. here, we show that pamp perception enhances phosphorylation of ... | 2015 | 25609555 |
| abscisic acid negatively interferes with basal defence of barley against magnaporthe oryzae. | plant hormones are well known regulators which balance plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. we investigated the role of abscisic acid (aba) in resistance of barley (hordeum vulgare l.) against the plant pathogenic fungus magnaporthe oryzae. | 2015 | 25604965 |
| the mrna decay factor pat1 functions in a pathway including map kinase 4 and immune receptor summ2. | multi-layered defense responses are activated in plants upon recognition of invading pathogens. transmembrane receptors recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) and activate map kinase cascades, which regulate changes in gene expression to produce appropriate immune responses. for example, arabidopsis map kinase 4 (mpk4) regulates the expression of a subset of defense genes via at least one wrky transcription factor. we report here that mpk4 is found in complexes in viv ... | 2015 | 25603932 |
| targeting virulence not viability in the search for future antibacterials. | new antibacterials need new approaches to overcome the problem of rapid antibiotic resistance. here we review the development of potential new antibacterial drugs that do not kill bacteria or inhibit their growth, but combat disease instead by targeting bacterial virulence. | 2015 | 24552512 |
| innovations in air sampling to detect plant pathogens. | many innovations in the development and use of air sampling devices have occurred in plant pathology since the first description of the hirst spore trap. these include improvements in capture efficiency at relatively high air-volume collection rates, methods to enhance the ease of sample processing with downstream diagnostic methods and even full automation of sampling, diagnosis and wireless reporting of results. other innovations have been to mount air samplers on mobile platforms such as uavs ... | 2015 | 25745191 |
| characterization of mirnas associated with botrytis cinerea infection of tomato leaves. | botrytis cinerea pers. fr. is an important pathogen causing stem rot in tomatoes grown indoors for extended periods. micrornas (mirnas) have been reported as gene expression regulators related to several stress responses and b. cinerea infection in tomato. however, the function of mirnas in the resistance to b. cinerea remains unclear. | 2015 | 25592487 |
| hessian fly larval feeding triggers enhanced polyamine levels in susceptible but not resistant wheat. | hessian fly (mayetiola destructor), a member of the gall midge family, is one of the most destructive pests of wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. probing of wheat plants by the larvae results in either an incompatible (avirulent larvae, resistant plant) or a compatible (virulent larvae, susceptible plant) interaction. virulent larvae induce the formation of a nutritive tissue, resembling the inside surface of a gall, in susceptible wheat. these nutritive cells are a rich source of proteins and ... | 2015 | 25592131 |
| membrane-localized extra-large g proteins and gbg of the heterotrimeric g proteins form functional complexes engaged in plant immunity in arabidopsis. | in animals, heterotrimeric g proteins, comprising ga, gb, and gg subunits, are molecular switches whose function tightly depends on ga and gbg interaction. intriguingly, in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), multiple defense responses involve gbg, but not ga. we report here that the gbg dimer directly partners with extra-large g proteins (xlgs) to mediate plant immunity. arabidopsis mutants deficient in xlgs, gb, and gg are similarly compromised in several pathogen defense responses, including ... | 2015 | 25588736 |
| pseudomonas strains naturally associated with potato plants produce volatiles with high potential for inhibition of phytophthora infestans. | bacteria emit volatile organic compounds with a wide range of effects on bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. the antifungal potential of bacterial volatiles has been investigated with a broad span of phytopathogenic organisms, yet the reaction of oomycetes to these volatile signals is largely unknown. for instance, the response of the late blight-causing agent and most devastating oomycete pathogen worldwide, phytophthora infestans, to bacterial volatiles has not been assessed so far. in this ... | 2015 | 25398872 |
| protein poly(adp-ribosyl)ation regulates arabidopsis immune gene expression and defense responses. | perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (mamps) elicits transcriptional reprogramming in hosts and activates defense to pathogen attacks. the molecular mechanisms underlying plant pattern-triggered immunity remain elusive. a genetic screen identified arabidopsis poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase 1 (atparg1) mutant with elevated immune gene expression upon multiple mamp and pathogen treatments. poly(adp-ribose) glycohydrolase (parg) is predicted to remove poly(adp-ribose) polymers on ac ... | 2015 | 25569773 |
| genome-wide characterization of mirnas involved in n gene-mediated immunity in response to tobacco mosaic virus in nicotiana benthamiana. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of endogenous small rnas (srnas) that play pivotal roles in plant development, abiotic stress response, and pathogen response. mirnas have been extensively studied in plants, but rarely in nicotiana benthamiana, despite its wide use in plant virology studies, particularly for studying n protein-tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) interactions. we report an efficient method using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics to identify genome-wide mirnas in n. benthamiana. ... | 2015 | 25673968 |
| yeast cell wall extract induces disease resistance against bacterial and fungal pathogens in arabidopsis thaliana and brassica crop. | housaku monogatari (hm) is a plant activator prepared from a yeast cell wall extract. we examined the efficacy of hm application and observed that hm treatment increased the resistance of arabidopsis thaliana and brassica rapa leaves to bacterial and fungal infections. hm reduced the severity of bacterial leaf spot and anthracnose on a. thaliana and brassica crop leaves with protective effects. in addition, gene expression analysis of a. thaliana plants after treatment with hm indicated increase ... | 2015 | 25565273 |
| towards synthetic biological approaches to resource utilization on space missions. | this paper demonstrates the significant utility of deploying non-traditional biological techniques to harness available volatiles and waste resources on manned missions to explore the moon and mars. compared with anticipated non-biological approaches, it is determined that for 916 day martian missions: 205 days of high-quality methane and oxygen mars bioproduction with methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum can reduce the mass of a martian fuel-manufacture plant by 56%; 496 days of biomass generat ... | 2015 | 25376875 |
| proteome biomarkers in xylem reveal pierce's disease tolerance in grape. | pierce's disease (pd) is a significant threat to grape cultivation and industry. the disease caused by bacterium xylella fastidiosa clogs xylem vessels resulting in wilting of the plant. pd-tolerant grape genotypes are believed to produce certain novel components in xylem tissue that help them to combat invading pathogens. research has been aimed at characterizing the uniquely expressed xylem proteins by pd-tolerant genotypes. the objectives were to i) compare and characterize vitis xylem protei ... | 2015 | 27019567 |
| molecular variation and horizontal gene transfer of the homocysteine methyltransferase gene mmum and its distribution in clinical pathogens. | the homocysteine methyltransferase encoded by mmum is widely distributed among microbial organisms. it is the key enzyme that catalyzes the last step in methionine biosynthesis and plays an important role in the metabolism process. it also enables the microbial organisms to tolerate high concentrations of selenium in the environment. in this research, 533 mmum gene sequences covering 70 genera of the bacteria were selected from genbank database. the distribution frequency of mmum is different in ... | 2015 | 25552925 |
| microbes in the anthropocene: spillover of agriculturally selected bacteria and their impact on natural ecosystems. | soil microbial communities are enormously diverse, with at least millions of species and trillions of genes unknown to science or poorly described. soil microbial communities are key components of agriculture, for example, in provisioning nitrogen and protecting crops from pathogens, providing overall ecosystem services in excess of $1000bn per year. it is important to know how humans are affecting this hidden diversity. much is known about the negative consequences of agricultural intensificati ... | 2016 | 27928044 |
| sugarcane transcriptome analysis in response to infection caused by acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. | sugarcane is an important tropical crop mainly cultivated to produce ethanol and sugar. crop productivity is negatively affected by acidovorax avenae subsp avenae (aaa), which causes the red stripe disease. little is known about the molecular mechanisms triggered in response to the infection. we have investigated the molecular mechanism activated in sugarcane using a rna-seq approach. we have produced a de novo transcriptome assembly (tr7) from sugarcane rna-seq libraries submitted to drought an ... | 2016 | 27936012 |
| characterization of the first double-stranded rna bacteriophage infecting pseudomonas aeruginosa. | bacteriophages (phages) are widely distributed in the biosphere and play a key role in modulating microbial ecology in the soil, ocean, and humans. although the role of dna bacteriophages is well described, the biology of rna bacteriophages is poorly understood. more than 1900 phage genomes are currently deposited in ncbi, but only 6 dsrna bacteriophages and 12 ssrna bacteriophages genome sequences are reported. the 6 dsrna bacteriophages were isolated from legume samples or lakes with pseudomon ... | 2016 | 27934909 |
| natural variation in arabidopsis cvi-0 accession reveals an important role of mpk12 in guard cell co2 signaling. | plant gas exchange is regulated by guard cells that form stomatal pores. stomatal adjustments are crucial for plant survival; they regulate uptake of co2 for photosynthesis, loss of water, and entrance of air pollutants such as ozone. we mapped ozone hypersensitivity, more open stomata, and stomatal co2-insensitivity phenotypes of the arabidopsis thaliana accession cvi-0 to a single amino acid substitution in mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase 12 (mpk12). in parallel, we showed that stomatal ... | 2016 | 27923039 |
| population scale mapping of transposable element diversity reveals links to gene regulation and epigenomic variation. | variation in the presence or absence of transposable elements (tes) is a major source of genetic variation between individuals. here, we identified 23,095 te presence/absence variants between 216 arabidopsis accessions. most te variants were rare, and we find these rare variants associated with local extremes of gene expression and dna methylation levels within the population. of the common alleles identified, two thirds were not in linkage disequilibrium with nearby snps, implicating these vari ... | 2016 | 27911260 |
| rna-seq-based digital gene expression analysis reveals modification of host defense responses by rice stripe virus during disease symptom development in arabidopsis. | virus infection induces and suppresses host gene expression on a global level. rice stripe virus (rsv) is the type species of the genus tenuivirus and infects rice and arabidopsis plants. microarray-based and next generation sequencing-based transcriptomic approaches have been used to study rice-rsv interactions. however, our knowledge of the response of arabidopsis plants to rsv infection is limited, and it requires further investigation to determine the similarities (or differences) in virus-h ... | 2016 | 27912765 |
| current knowledge and perspectives of paenibacillus: a review. | isolated from a wide range of sources, the genus paenibacillus comprises bacterial species relevant to humans, animals, plants, and the environment. many paenibacillus species can promote crop growth directly via biological nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, production of the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), and release of siderophores that enable iron acquisition. they can also offer protection against insect herbivores and phytopathogens, including bacteria, fungi, nematodes, ... | 2016 | 27905924 |
| protein adp-ribosylation takes control in plant-bacterium interactions. | 2016 | 27907213 | |
| outbreak and spread of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3 in korea. | a bacterial pathogen, pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (psa), is a causal agent of kiwifruit bacterial canker worldwide. psa biovar 3 (psa3) was first detected in 2011 at an orchard in dodeok-myeon, goheunggun, jeonnam province in korea. in this study, we present the results of an epidemiological study regarding psa3 occurrence on kiwifruit orchards in korea for the period of 2013 to 2015. since the first detection of psa3 in 2011, there was no further case reported by 2013. however, psa3 was ... | 2016 | 27904461 |
| d-psa-k: a model for estimating the accumulated potential damage on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the growing and overwintering seasons. | we developed a model, termed d-psa-k, to estimate the accumulated potential damage on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the growing and overwintering seasons. the model consisted of three parts including estimation of the amount of necrotic lesion in a non-frozen environment, the rate of necrosis increase in a freezing environment during the overwintering season, and the amount of necrotic lesion on kiwifruit canes caused by bacterial canker during the overwintering and growing s ... | 2016 | 27904460 |
| cyanobacteria as chassis for industrial biotechnology: progress and prospects. | cyanobacteria hold significant potential as industrial biotechnology (ib) platforms for the production of a wide variety of bio-products ranging from biofuels such as hydrogen, alcohols and isoprenoids, to high-value bioactive and recombinant proteins. underpinning this technology, are the recent advances in cyanobacterial "omics" research, the development of improved genetic engineering tools for key species, and the emerging field of cyanobacterial synthetic biology. these approaches enabled t ... | 2016 | 27916886 |
| a role of the fuzzy onions like gene in regulating cell death and defense in arabidopsis. | programmed cell death (pcd) is critical for development and responses to environmental stimuli in many organisms. fuzzy onions (fzo) proteins in yeast, flies, and mammals are known to affect mitochondrial fusion and function. arabidopsis fzo-like (fzl) was shown as a chloroplast protein that regulates chloroplast morphology and cell death. we cloned the fzl gene based on the lesion mimic phenotype conferred by an fzl mutation. here we provide evidence to support that fzl has evolved new function ... | 2016 | 27898102 |
| functional involvement of a mitogen activated protein kinase module, osmkk3-osmpk7-oswrk30 in mediating resistance against xanthomonas oryzae in rice. | mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are highly conserved signaling modules in eukaryotes, transmitting signals from upstream receptor to downstream target by phosphorelay mechanism. here we report involvement of a poorly characterized group c mapk of rice namely, osmpk7 along with its upstream mapk kinase, osmkk3 and downstream target, oswrky30 during xanthomonas oryzae infection, a causal agent of leaf blight disease in rice. x. oryzae infection resulted in induction of osmpk7 and osmkk3. ... | 2016 | 27897241 |
| bumble bee parasite strains vary in resistance to phytochemicals. | nectar and pollen contain diverse phytochemicals that can reduce disease in pollinators. however, prior studies showed variable effects of nectar chemicals on infection, which could reflect variable phytochemical resistance among parasite strains. inter-strain variation in resistance could influence evolutionary interactions between plants, pollinators, and pollinator disease, but testing direct effects of phytochemicals on parasites requires elimination of variation between bees. using cell cul ... | 2016 | 27883009 |
| rna-seq transcriptome response of flax (linum usitatissimum l.) to the pathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini. | fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini is a hemibiotrophic fungus that causes wilt in flax. along with rust, fusarium wilt has become an important factor in flax production worldwide. resistant flax cultivars have been used to manage the disease, but the resistance varies, depending on the interactions between specific cultivars and isolates of the pathogen. this interaction has a strong molecular basis, but no genomic information is available on how the plant responds to attempted infection, to inform ... | 2016 | 27933082 |
| integrated omics study of lipid droplets from plasmodiophora brassicae. | plasmodiophora brassicae causes clubroot disease in cruciferous. in this report, lipid droplets were observed in the resting spores of p. brassicae. 295 lipid droplet-associated proteins were identified and categorized into nine groups. transcriptome analysis of these proteins during three different zoosporic stages revealed differences in gene expression pattern. go enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins associated with lipid droplets were mainly linked to biosynthesis and metabolism. ... | 2016 | 27874080 |
| nitric oxide responsive heavy metal-associated gene athmad1 contributes to development and disease resistance in arabidopsis thaliana. | exposure of plants to different biotic and abiotic stress condition instigates significant change in the cellular redox status; resulting in the elevation of reactive nitrogen species that play signaling role in mediating defense responses. heavy metal associated (hma) domain containing genes are required for spatio-temporal transportation of metal ions that bind with various enzymes and co-factors within the cell. to uncover the underlying mechanisms mediated by athma genes, we identified 14 ar ... | 2016 | 27917181 |
| insect gallers and their plant hosts: from omics data to systems biology. | gall-inducing insects are capable of exerting a high level of control over their hosts' cellular machinery to the extent that the plant's development, metabolism, chemistry, and physiology are all altered in favour of the insect. many gallers are devastating pests in global agriculture and the limited understanding of their relationship with their hosts prevents the development of robust management strategies. omics technologies are proving to be important tools in elucidating the mechanisms inv ... | 2016 | 27869732 |
| the type iii secretion system effector seoc of salmonella enterica subsp. salamae and s. enterica subsp. arizonae adp-ribosylates src and inhibits opsonophagocytosis. | salmonella species utilize type iii secretion systems (t3sss) to translocate effectors into the cytosol of mammalian host cells, subverting cell signaling and facilitating the onset of gastroenteritis. in this study, we compared a draft genome assembly of salmonella enterica subsp. salamae strain 3588/07 against the genomes of s. enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium strain lt2 and salmonella bongori strain 12419. s. enterica subsp. salamae encodes the salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (s ... | 2016 | 27736780 |
| hydrogen cyanide in the rhizosphere: not suppressing plant pathogens, but rather regulating availability of phosphate. | plant growth promoting rhizobacteria produce chemical compounds with different benefits for the plant. among them, hcn is recognized as a biocontrol agent, based on its ascribed toxicity against plant pathogens. based on several past studies questioning the validity of this hypothesis, we have re-addressed the issue by designing a new set of in vitro experiments, to test if hcn-producing rhizobacteria could inhibit the growth of phytopathogens. the level of hcn produced by the rhizobacteria in v ... | 2016 | 27917154 |
| identification and characterization of two new 5-keto-4-deoxy-d-glucarate dehydratases/decarboxylases. | hexuronic acids such as d-galacturonic acid and d-glucuronic acid can be utilized via different pathways within the metabolism of microorganisms. one representative, the oxidative pathway, generates α-keto-glutarate as the direct link entering towards the citric acid cycle. the penultimate enzyme, keto-deoxy glucarate dehydratase/decarboxylase, catalyses the dehydration and decarboxylation of keto-deoxy glucarate to α-keto-glutarate semialdehyde. this enzymatic reaction can be tracked continuous ... | 2016 | 27855668 |
| a cysteine-rich protein kinase associates with a membrane immune complex and is required for cell death. | membrane localized proteins perceive and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. we performed quantitative proteomics on plasma membrane-enriched samples from arabidopsis treated with bacterial flagellin. we identified multiple receptor-like protein kinases (rlks) changing in abundance, including cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) that are upregulated upon perception of flagellin. crks possess extracellular cysteine-rich domains and comprise a gene family consisting of 46 members in arab ... | 2016 | 27852951 |
| a cysteine-rich protein kinase associates with a membrane immune complex and is required for cell death. | membrane localized proteins perceive and respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. we performed quantitative proteomics on plasma membrane-enriched samples from arabidopsis treated with bacterial flagellin. we identified multiple receptor-like protein kinases (rlks) changing in abundance, including cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (crks) that are upregulated upon perception of flagellin. crks possess extracellular cysteine-rich domains and comprise a gene family consisting of 46 members in arab ... | 2016 | 27852951 |
| a wheat cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase tacad12 contributes to host resistance to the sharp eyespot disease. | sharp eyespot, caused mainly by the necrotrophic fungus rhizoctonia cerealis, is a destructive disease in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). in arabidopsis, certain cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (cads) have been implicated in monolignol biosynthesis and in defense response to bacterial pathogen infection. however, little is known about cads in wheat defense responses to necrotrophic or soil-borne pathogens. in this study, we isolate a wheat cad gene tacad12 in response to r. cerealis infe ... | 2016 | 27899932 |
| the rna-binding protein csra plays a central role in positively regulating virulence factors in erwinia amylovora. | the gacs/gaca two-component system (also called grrs/grra) is a global regulatory system which is highly conserved among gamma-proteobacteria. this system positively regulates non-coding small regulatory rna csrb, which in turn binds to the rna-binding protein csra. however, how gacs/gaca-csr system regulates virulence traits in e. amylovora remains unknown. results from mutant characterization showed that the csrb mutant was hypermotile, produced higher amount of exopolysaccharide amylovoran, a ... | 2016 | 27845410 |
| proteomics analysis reveals novel host molecular mechanisms associated with thermotherapy of 'ca. liberibacter asiaticus'-infected citrus plants. | citrus huanglongbing (hlb), which is linked to the bacterial pathogen 'ca. liberibacter asiaticus' (las), is the most devastating disease of citrus plants, and longer-term control measures via breeding or genetic engineering have been unwieldy because all cultivated citrus species are susceptible to the disease. however, the degree of susceptibility varies among citrus species, which has prompted efforts to identify potential las resistance/tolerance-related genes in citrus plants for applicatio ... | 2016 | 27842496 |
| expression variations of mirnas and mrnas in rice (oryza sativa). | differences in expression levels are an important source of phenotypic variation within and between populations. micrornas (mirnas) are key players in post-transcriptional gene regulation that are important for plant development and stress responses. we surveyed expression variation of mirnas and mrnas of six accessions from two rice subspecies oryza sativa l. ssp. indica and oryza sativa l. ssp. japonica using deep sequencing. while more than half (53.7%) of the mature mirnas exhibit differenti ... | 2016 | 27797952 |