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spatio-temporal dynamics in global rice gene expression (oryza sativa l.) in response to high ammonium stress.ammonium (nh4+) is the predominant nitrogen (n) source in many natural and agricultural ecosystems, including flooded rice fields. while rice is known as an nh4+-tolerant species, it nevertheless suffers nh4+ toxicity at elevated soil concentrations. nh4+ excess rapidly leads to the disturbance of various physiological processes that ultimately inhibit shoot and root growth. however, the global transcriptomic response to nh4+ stress in rice has not been examined. in this study, we mapped the spa ...201728282528
genetic architecture of cold tolerance in rice (oryza sativa) determined through high resolution genome-wide analysis.cold temperature is an important abiotic stress which negatively affects morphological development and seed production in rice (oryza sativa l.). at the seedling stage, cold stress causes poor germination, seedling injury and poor stand establishment; and at the reproductive stage cold decreases seed yield. the rice diversity panel 1 (rdp1) is a global collection of over 400 o. sativa accessions representing the five major subpopulations from the indica and japonica varietal groups, with a genot ...201728282385
evaluating korean rice genotypes and landraces for octacosanol contents and antioxidant activity.increase in the average life span and interest in correlation between food and human health have led to researches to find and utilise the functional materials in rice. octacosanol in rice grain is well known for its potential benefit. this study was conducted to evaluate the korean rice (oryza sativa l.) genotypes and landraces for octacosanol contents and antioxidant activity. octacosanol contents in 223 cultivars of korean rice ranged from 0.78 to 6.06 mg 100 g-1. thirteen genotypes and landr ...201728278625
harnessing the hidden genetic diversity for improving multiple abiotic stress tolerance in rice (oryza sativa l.).to develop superior rice varieties with improved yield in most rainfed areas of asia/africa, we started an introgression-breeding program for simultaneously improving yield and tolerances of multiple abiotic stresses. using eight bc1 populations derived from a widely adaptable recipient and eight donors plus three rounds of phenotypic selection, we developed 496 introgression lines (ils) with significantly higher yield under drought, salt and/or non-stress conditions in 5 years. six new varietie ...201728278154
transposon-mediated epigenetic regulation contributes to phenotypic diversity and environmental adaptation in rice.transposable elements (tes) have long been regarded as 'selfish dna', and are generally silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. however, work in the past decade has identified positive roles for tes in generating genomic novelty and diversity in plants. in particular, recent studies suggested that te-induced epigenetic alterations and modification of gene expression contribute to phenotypic variation and adaptation to geography or stress. these findings have led many to regard tes, not as junk dna, b ...201728273484
aluminum enhances growth and sugar concentration, alters macronutrient status and regulates the expression of nac transcription factors in rice.aluminum (al) is a beneficial element for some plant species, especially when used at low concentrations. though some transcription factors are induced by exposure to this element, no data indicate that al regulates the expression of nac genes in rice. in this study we tested the effect of applying 200 μm al on growth, chlorophyll, amino acids, sugars, macronutrient concentration and regulation of nac transcription factors gene expression in 24-day-old plants of four rice (oryza sativa ssp. indi ...201728261224
is early morning flowering an effective trait to minimize heat stress damage during flowering in rice?higher spikelet sterility due to heat stress exposure during flowering in rice is becoming a major threat for sustaining productivity in tropical and sub-tropical regions. therefore, exploiting and incorporating early morning flowering (emf) trait into ongoing breeding pipelines could be an effective strategy to minimize the damage. in this study, we have focused on quantifying the time of day of flowering traits such as first spikelet opening time (fsot) and peak spikelet opening time (psot) in ...201728260830
the important functionality of 14-3-3 isoforms in rice roots revealed by affinity chromatography.plant 14-3-3 proteins belong to a large family of proteins involved in numerous physiological processes, and function by binding to phosphorylated client proteins to regulate their function. however, little is known about their regulatory mechanisms in rice root growth. in this study, four 14-3-3 isoforms (gf14b, gf14c, gf14e, gf14f) exhibiting prominent expression profiles in rice roots, were selected for further investigation. through a pull-down assay using four 14-3-3 isoforms in rice roots, ...201728254371
physiological performance of two contrasting rice varieties under water stress.two rice varieties pr-115 and super-7 were imposed to water stress and different physiological traits were monitored to evaluate the performance of these varieties under drought. under water stress condition although the relative water content, osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, carbon discrimination and biomass decreased in both the varieties however, the reduction was more pronounced in super-7 variety. oryzanol a trans-ester of ferulic acid functions as antioxidant a ...201728250586
mitochondrial abc transporter atm3 is essential for cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly.the mitochondrial atp-binding cassette transporter atm3 has been studied in arabidopsis. its function, however, is poorly understood in other model plant species. this study reports that the atm3 is required for cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly and is essential for meristem maintenance in rice (oryza sativa). the loss of function of osatm3 is lethal in rice at the four-leaf stage. in the osatm3 t-dna insertion mutant, the fourth leaf fails to develop and the lateral roots are short. cytoso ...201728250070
hybrid weakness in a rice interspecific hybrid is nitrogen-dependent, and accompanied by changes in gene expression at both total transcript level and parental allele partitioning.hybrid weakness, a phenomenon opposite to heterosis, refers to inferior growth and development in a hybrid relative to its pure-line parents. little attention has been paid to the phenomenological or mechanistic aspect of hybrid weakness, probably due to its rare occurrence.201728248994
tsv, a putative plastidic oxidoreductase, protects rice chloroplasts from cold stress during development by interacting with plastidic thioredoxin z.rice is vulnerable to cold stress. seedlings are very sensitive to cold stress and this harms global rice production. the effects of cold on chloroplast development are well known, but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. here, we isolated a temperature-sensitive virescent (tsv) mutant that is extremely sensitive to cold stress. it displayed defective chloroplasts, decreased chlorophyll and zero survivorship under cold stress. we isolated and identified tsv by map-based clo ...201728248438
gene expression and plant hormone levels in two contrasting rice genotypes responding to brown planthopper infestation.the brown planthopper (bph; nilaparvata lugens stål) is a destructive piercing-sucking insect pest of rice. the plant hormones salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja) play important roles in plant-pest interactions. many isolated rice genes that modulate bph resistance are involved in the metabolism or signaling pathways of sa, ja and ethylene. 'rathu heenati' (rh) is a rice cultivar with a high-level, broad-spectrum resistance to all bph biotypes. here, rh was used as the research material, ...201728245796
simultaneous profiling of lysoglycerophospholipids in rice (oryza sativa l.) using direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring.white rice is the final product after the hull and bran layers have been removed during the milling process. although lysoglycerophospholipids (lysogpls) only occupy a small proportion in white rice, they are essential for evaluating rice authenticity and quality. in this study, we developed a high-throughput and targeted lipidomics approach that involved direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring to simultaneously profile lysogpls in white rice. the method is cap ...201728245645
molecular structure and physicochemical properties of starches from rice with different amylose contents resulting from modification of osgbssi activity.osgbssi, encoded by the waxy (wx) gene, is the key enzyme in the synthesis of amylose chains. transgenic rice lines with various gbssi activities were previously developed via site-directed mutagenesis of the wx gene in the glutinous cultivar guanglingxiangnuo (glxn). in this study, grain morphology, molecular structure, and physicochemical properties were investigated in four transgenic lines with modified osgbssi activity and differences in amylose content. a milky opaque appearance was observ ...201728241110
spatial imaging and speciation of cu in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots using synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence and x-ray absorption spectroscopy.knowledge of elemental localization and speciation in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of cu accumulation so as to facilitate the development of strategies to inhibit cu accumulation in rice grain grown in contaminated soils. using synchrotron-based x-ray microfluorescence and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, we investigated the distribution patterns and speciation of cu in rice roots treated with 50 μm cu for 7 days. a clear preferential localization of cu in ...201728235745
altered expression profiles of microrna families during de-etiolation of maize and rice leaves.micrornas (mirnas) are highly conserved small non-coding rnas that play important regulatory roles in plants. although many mirna families are sequentially and functionally conserved across plant kingdoms (dezulian et al. in genome biol 13, 2005), they still differ in many aspects such as family size, average length, genomic loci etc. (unver et al. in int j plant genomics, 2009).201728235420
mechanisms of fe biofortification and mitigation of cd accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) grown hydroponically with fe chelate fertilization.cadmium contaminated rice from china has become a global food safety issue. some research has suggested that chelate addition to substrates can affect metal speciation and plant metal content. we investigated the mitigation of cd accumulation in hydroponically-grown rice supplied with edtana2fe(ii) or eddhafe(iii). a japonica rice variety (nipponbare) was grown in modified kimura b solution containing three concentrations (0, 10, 100 μμ) of the iron chelates edtana2fe(ii) or eddhafe(iii) and 1 μ ...201728232138
conserved function of fibrillin5 in the plastoquinone-9 biosynthetic pathway in arabidopsis and rice.plastoquinone-9 (pq-9) is essential for plant growth and development. recently, we found that fibrillin5 (fbn5), a plastid lipid binding protein, is an essential structural component of the pq-9 biosynthetic pathway in arabidopsis. to investigate the functional conservation of fbn5 in monocots and eudicots, we identified osfbn5, the arabidopsis fbn5 (atfbn5) ortholog in rice (oryza sativa). homozygous osfbn5-1 and osfbn5-2 tos17 insertion null mutants were smaller than wild type (wt) plants when ...201728751900
proteomics coupled with metabolite and cell wall profiling reveal metabolic processes of a developing rice stem internode.internodes of grass stems function in mechanical support, transport, and, in some species, are a major sink organ for carbon in the form of cell wall polymers. this study reports cell wall composition, proteomic, and metabolite analyses of the rice elongating internode. cellulose, lignin, and xylose increase as a percentage of cell wall material along eight segments of the second rice internode (internode ii) at booting stage, from the younger to the older internode segments, indicating active c ...201728751896
positive regulator of iron homeostasis1, ospri1, facilitates iron homeostasis.oryza sativa hemerythrin motif-containing really interesting new gene and zinc-finger protein1 (oshrz1) is a putative iron-binding sensor. however, it is unclear how oshrz1 transmits signals. in this study, we reveal that positive regulator of iron homeostasis1 (ospri1) interacts with oshrz1. a loss-of-function mutation to ospri1 increased the sensitivity of plants to fe-deficient conditions and down-regulated the expression of fe-deficiency-responsive genes. yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic ...201728751317
brassinolide-like activity of castasterone analogs with varied side chains against rice lamina inclination.brassinolide (bl) and castasterone (cs) are the representative members of brassinosteroid class of plant steroid hormone having plant growth promoting activity. in this study, eleven cs analogs bearing a variety of side chains were synthesized to determine the effect of the side chain structures on the bl-like activity. the plant hormonal activity was evaluated in a dwarf rice lamina inclination assay, and the potency was determined as the reciprocal logarithm of the 50% effective dose (ed50) fr ...201728751198
distribution of silicified microstructures, regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase and lodging resistance in silicon and paclobutrazol mediated oryza sativa.lodging is a phenomenon that affects most of the cereal crops including rice, oryza sativa. this is due to the fragile nature of herbaceous plants whose stems are non-woody, thus affecting its ability to grow upright. silicon (si), a beneficial nutrient is often used to toughen and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. deposition of si in plant tissues enhances the rigidity and stiffness of the plant as a whole. silicified cells provide the much needed strength to the culm to resist b ...201728747889
osfh15, a class i formin, interacts with microfilaments and microtubules to regulate grain size via affecting cell expansion in rice.grain size is an important agronomic trait determining rice yield and is mainly restricted by spikelet hull size. however, it remains largely unknown how the spikelet hull size is regulated. in this study, osfh15, a class i formin protein in oryza sativa, was found to be able to regulate the size of cells and spikelet hull. osfh15-cas9 and osfh15-rnai mutants had decreased grain size with reduced cell length, cell width and cell area of inner epidermal cells of the lemma compared with wild-type ...201728747699
nitrogen fertilizer deep placement for increased grain yield and nitrogen recovery efficiency in rice grown in subtropical china.field plot experiments were conducted over 3 years (from april 2014 to november 2016) in a double-rice (oryza sativa l.) cropping system in subtropical china to evaluate the effects of n fertilizer placement on grain yield and n recovery efficiency (nre). different n application methods included: no n application (ck); n broadcast application (nbp); n and npk deep placement (ndp and npkdp, respectively). results showed that grain yield and apparent nre significantly increased for ndp and npkdp a ...201728744302
poaceae vs. abiotic stress: focus on drought and salt stress, recent insights and perspectives.poaceae represent the most important group of crops susceptible to abiotic stress. this large family of monocotyledonous plants, commonly known as grasses, counts several important cultivated species, namely wheat (triticum aestivum), rice (oryza sativa), maize (zea mays), and barley (hordeum vulgare). these crops, notably, show different behaviors under abiotic stress conditions: wheat and rice are considered sensitive, showing serious yield reduction upon water scarcity and soil salinity, whil ...201728744298
identification of qtl associated with nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency using high throughput genotyped cssls in rice (oryza sativa l.).nitrogen (n) availability is a major factor limiting crop growth and development. identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl) for n uptake (nup) and n use efficiency (nue) can provide useful information regarding the genetic basis of these traits and their associated effects on yield production. in this study, a set of high throughput genotyped chromosome segment substitution lines (cssls) derived from a cross between recipient 9311 and donor nipponbare were used to identify qtl for rice nup ...201728744289
fine mapping of qskc-1, a major quantitative trait locus for shoot k+ concentration, in rice seedlings grown under salt stress.shoot k+ concentration (skc) is an important physiological parameter used to evaluate salt tolerance at the seedling stage in rice (oryza sativa l.). qskc-1, a major quantitative trait locus for skc in rice under salt stress, was detected on chromosome 1 using three f2 populations constructed by crossing 'nipponbare' and its two salt-sensitive mutants (rss2 and rss4) with an indica cultivar 'zhaiyeqing8' ('zyq8'). in this study, the chromosomal location of qskc-1 was determined precisely by fine ...201728744182
identification of quantitative trait loci for rice grain quality and yield-related traits in two closely related oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica cultivars grown near the northernmost limit for rice paddy cultivation.quantitative trait loci (qtls) associated with eating quality, grain appearance quality and yield-related traits were mapped in recombinant inbred lines (rils) derived from closely related rice (oryza sativa l. subsp. japonica) cultivars, yukihikari (good eating quality) and joiku462 (superior eating quality and high grain appearance quality). apparent amylose content (aac), protein content (pc), brown grain length (bgl), brown grain width (bgwi), brown grain thickness (bgt), brown grain weight ...201728744172
genetic variation of root angle distribution in rice (oryza sativa l.) seedlings.we developed a new method of using seedling trays to evaluate root angle distribution in rice (oryza sativa. l), and found a wide genetic variation among cultivars. the seedling tray method can be used to evaluate in detail the growth angles of rice crown roots at the seedling stage by allocating nine scores (10° to 90°). unlike basket methods, it can handle large plant populations over a short growth period (only 14 days). by using the method, we characterized the root angle distributions of 97 ...201728744171
improvement of seed shattering and dormancy in oryza sativa l. 'hokuriku 193' based on genetic information.in this study, we investigated the genetic basis of seed shattering and dormancy in hokuriku 193 and bred an nil improved these traits. analysis of an f3 population from hokuriku 193 × koshihikari revealed a general correspondence between seed shattering and genotypes at the qsh1 locus, suggesting a strong influence of this locus on the seed shattering in hokuriku 193. an f2 population from [ms-bo] nekken 2 × hokuriku 193 was also analyzed to identify quantitative trait loci (qtls) for seed dorm ...201728744170
a rapid and reliable method for discriminating rice products from different regions using mcx-based solid-phase extraction and di-ms/ms-based metabolomics approach.the expansion of the global rice marketplace ultimately raises concerns about authenticity control. several analytical methods for differentiating the geographical origin of rice have been developed, yet a high-throughput method is still in demand. in this study, we developed a rapid approach using direct infusion-mass spectrometry (di-ms) to distinguish rice products from different countries. specifically, the elimination of the matrix effect by a polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) filter, a mixed- ...201728743095
leaf photosynthetic parameters related to biomass accumulation in a global rice diversity survey.mining natural variations is a major approach to identify new options to improve crop light use efficiency. so far, successes in identifying photosynthetic parameters positively related to crop biomass accumulation through this approach are scarce, possibly due to the earlier emphasis on properties related to leaf instead of canopy photosynthetic efficiency. this study aims to uncover rice (oryza sativa) natural variations to identify leaf physiological parameters that are highly correlated with ...201728739819
origin of rice (oryza sativa l.) domestication genes.a number of genes that contribute to the domestication traits of cultivated rice have been identified. these include sh4, rc, prog1 and laba1, which are associated with non-shattering rachis, white pericarp, erect growth and barbless awns, respectively. the mutations giving rise to the "domestication alleles" of these genes are either invariable in cultivated rice, or have variability that is strictly associated with the phenotypic trait. this observation forms the basis to those current rice do ...201728736485
low genetic diversity and functional constraint of mirna genes participating pollen-pistil interaction in rice.in this study, we sequenced and analyzed the expression and evolution of rice mirna genes participating pollen-pistil interaction that is crucial to rice yield. pollen-pistil interaction is an essential reproductive process for all flowering plants. while micrornas (mirnas) are important noncoding small rnas that regulate mrna levels in eukaryotic cells, there is little knowledge about which mirnas involved in the early stages of pollen-pistil interaction in rice and how they evolve under this c ...201728735504
wax crystal-sparse leaf 4, encoding a β-ketoacyl-coenzyme a synthase 6, is involved in rice cuticular wax accumulation.wsl4 encodes a kcs6 protein which is required for cuticular wax accumulation in rice. very long chain fatty acids (vlcfas) are essential precursors for cuticular wax biosynthesis. vlcfa biosynthesis occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and requires the fatty acid elongase (fae) complex. the β-ketoacyl-coenzyme a synthase (kcs) catalyzes the first step of fae-mediated vlcfa elongation. here we characterized the wax crystal-sparse leaf 4 (wsl4) gene involved in leaf cuticular wax accumulation in ri ...201728733852
sugary endosperm is modulated by starch branching enzyme iia in rice (oryza sativa l.).starch biosynthesis is one of the most important pathways that determine both grain quality and yield in rice (oryza sativa l.). sugary endosperm, sugary-1 (sug-1), is a mutant trait for starch biosynthesis. rice plants carrying sug-1 produce grains that accumulate water-soluble carbohydrates instead of starch, even after maturity. although this trait enhances the diversity of grain quality, sugary endosperm rice has hardly been commercialized due to the severely wrinkled grains and subsequent p ...201728730411
turgor-responsive starch phosphorylation in oryza sativa stems: a primary event of starch degradation associated with grain-filling ability.grain filling ability is mainly affected by the translocation of carbohydrates generated from temporarily stored stem starch in most field crops including rice (oryza sativa l.). the partitioning of non-structural stem carbohydrates has been recognized as an important trait for raising the yield ceiling, yet we still do not fully understand how carbohydrate partitioning occurs in the stems. in this study, two rice subspecies that exhibit different patterns of non-structural stem carbohydrates pa ...201728727805
transcriptional control of photosynthetic capacity: conservation and divergence from arabidopsis to rice.contents 32 i. 32 ii. 33 iii. 36 iv. 41 43 references 43 summary: photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes on earth. it provides the consumable energy upon which almost all organisms are dependent, and modulates the composition of the planet's atmosphere. to carry out photosynthesis, plants require a large cohort of genes. these genes encode proteins that capture light energy, store energy in sugars and build the subcellular structures required to facilitate this energy c ...201728727145
overexpression of the osimp gene increases the accumulation of inositol and confers enhanced cold tolerance in tobacco through modulation of the antioxidant enzymes' activities.inositol is a cyclic polyol that is involved in various physiological processes, including signal transduction and stress adaptation in plants. l-myo-inositol monophosphatase (impase) is one of the metal-dependent phosphatase family members and catalyzes the last reaction step of biosynthesis of inositol. although increased impase activity induced by abiotic stress has been reported in chickpea plants, the role and regulation of the imp gene in rice (oryza sativa l.) remains poorly understood. i ...201728726715
a comprehensive image-based phenomic analysis reveals the complex genetic architecture of shoot growth dynamics in rice (oryza sativa).early vigor is an important trait for many rice ( l.)-growing environments. however, genetic characterization and improvement for early vigor is hindered by the temporal nature of the trait and strong genotype × environment effects. we explored the genetic architecture of shoot growth dynamics during the early and active tillering stages by applying a functional modeling and genomewide association (gwas) mapping approach on a diversity panel of ∼360 rice accessions. multiple loci with small effe ...201728724075
analysis of the differential gene and protein expression profile of the rolled leaf mutant of transgenic rice (oryza sativa l.).the importance of leaf rolling in rice (oryza sativa l.) has been widely recognized. although several studies have investigated rice leaf rolling and identified some related genes, knowledge of the molecular mechanism underlying rice leaf rolling, especially outward leaf rolling, is limited. therefore, in this study, differential proteomics and gene expression profiling were used to analyze rolled leaf mutant of transgenic rice in order to investigate differentially expressed genes and proteins ...201728723953
multi-imaging of cytokinin and abscisic acid on the roots of rice (oryza sativa) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.plant hormones act as important signaling molecules that regulate responses to abiotic stress as well as plant growth and development. because their concentrations of hormones control the physiological responses in the target tissue, it is important to know the distributions and concentrations in the tissues. however, it is difficult to determine the hormone concentration on the plant tissue as a result of the limitations of conventional methods. here, we report the first multi-imaging of two pl ...201728718648
genome-wide identification of histone modifiers and their expression patterns during fruit abscission in litchi.modifications to histones, including acetylation and methylation processes, play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression in plant development as well as in stress responses. however, limited information on the enzymes catalyzing histone acetylation and methylation in non-model plants is currently available. in this study, several histone modifier (hm) types, including six histone acetyltransferases (hats), 11 histone deacetylases (hdacs), 48 histone methyltransferases (hmts), and 22 h ...201728496451
rice sucrose partitioning mediated by a putative pectin methyltransferase and homogalacturonan methylesterification.homogalacturonan (hg) is the main component of pectins. hg methylesterification has recently emerged as a key determinant controlling cell attachment, organ formation, and phyllotaxy. however, whether and how hg methylesterification affects intercellular metabolite transport has rarely been reported. here, we identified and characterized knockout mutants of the rice (oryza sativa) osqua2 gene encoding a putative pectin methyltransferase. osqua2 mutants exhibit a remarkable decrease in the degree ...201728495893
development of a new heat tolerance assay system for rice spikelet sterility.reduction in rice yield caused by high temperature-induced spikelet sterility has been a serious concern in rice production. to date, several screening methods have been used, although their reproducibility is sometimes poor due to artifacts mainly caused by varietal differences in heading dates and panicle heights (i.e., the distance from the lamps).201728491121
osphyb-mediating novel regulatory pathway for drought tolerance in rice root identified by a global rna-seq transcriptome analysis of rice genes in response to water deficiencies.water deficiencies are one of the most serious challenges to crop productivity. to improve our understanding of soil moisture stress, we performed rna-seq analysis using roots from 4-week-old rice seedlings grown in soil that had been subjected to drought conditions for 2-3 d. in all, 1,098 genes were up-regulated in response to soil moisture stress for 3 d, which causes severe damage in root development after recovery, unlikely that of 2 d. comparison with previous transcriptome data produced i ...201728491065
oshkt1;5 mediates na+ exclusion in the vasculature to protect leaf blades and reproductive tissues from salt toxicity in rice.salt tolerance quantitative trait loci analysis of rice has revealed that the skc1 locus, which is involved in a higher k+ /na+ ratio in shoots, corresponds to the oshkt1;5 gene encoding a na+ -selective transporter. however, physiological roles of oshkt1;5 in rice exposed to salt stress remain elusive, and no oshkt1;5 gene disruption mutants have been characterized to date. in this study, we dissected two independent t-dna insertional oshkt1;5 mutants. measurements of ion contents in tissues an ...201728488420
association mapping reveals novel genetic loci contributing to flooding tolerance during germination in indica rice.rice (oryza sativa l.) is the only cereal crop that possesses the ability to germinate under flooded or other oxygen-deficient conditions. rapid elongation of the coleoptile is a perfect response to flooding during germination, with coleoptile length differing among various rice varieties. despite multiple studies have uncovered valuable information concerning this trait by focusing on the physiological metabolism of oxygen stress, the underlying genetic mechanism still remains unknown. in the p ...201728487722
novel chitinase gene loc_os11g47510 from indica rice tetep provides enhanced resistance against sheath blight pathogen rhizoctonia solani in rice.sheath blight disease (shb), caused by the fungus rhizoctonia solani kühn, is one of the most destructive diseases of rice (oryza sativa l.), causing substantial yield loss in rice. in the present study, a novel rice chitinase gene, loc_os11g47510 was cloned from qtl region of r. solani tolerant rice line tetep and used for functional validation by genetic transformation of shb susceptible japonica rice line taipei 309 (tp309). the transformants were characterized using molecular and functional ...201728487708
processes underlying a reproductive barrier in indica-japonica rice hybrids revealed by transcriptome analysis.in rice (oryza sativa), hybrids between indica and japonica subspecies are usually highly sterile, which provides a model system for studying postzygotic reproductive isolation. a killer-protector system, s5, composed of three adjacent genes (orf3, orf4, and orf5), regulates female gamete fertility of indica-japonica hybrids. to characterize the processes underlying this system, we performed transcriptomic analyses of pistils from rice variety balilla (bl), balilla with transformed orf5+ (bl5+) ...201728483876
the rice tcd11 encoding plastid ribosomal protein s6 is essential for chloroplast development at low temperature.plastid ribosome proteins (prps) are important components for chloroplast biogenesis and early chloroplast development. although it has been known that chloroplast ribosomes are similar to bacterial ones, the precise molecular function of ribosomal proteins remains to be elucidated in rice. here, we identified a novel rice mutant, designated tcd11 (thermo-sensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant 11), characterized by the albino phenotype until it died at 20°c, while displaying normal phenotype at ...201728483049
stable mercury isotopes in polished rice (oryza sativa l.) and hair from rice consumers.mercury (hg) isotopic signatures were characterized in polished rice samples from china, u.s., and indonesia (n = 45). hg isotopes were also analyzed in paired hair samples for participants from china (n = 21). for the latter, we also quantified the proportion of methylmercury intake through rice (range: 31-100%), and the weekly servings of fish meals (range: 0-5.6 servings/weekly). for these participants, 29% (n = 6) never ingested fish, 52% (n = 11) ingested fish < twice/weekly, and 19% (n = 4 ...201728482656
metabolomic analysis of the effects of cadmium and copper treatment in oryza sativa l. using untargeted liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry and all-ion fragmentation.while the knowledge of plant metabolomes has increased in the last few years, their response to the presence of toxicants is still poorly understood. here, we analyse the metabolomic changes in japanese rice (oryza sativa var. japonica) upon exposure to heavy metals (cd(ii) and cu(ii)) in concentrations from 10 to 1000 μm. after harvesting, rice metabolites were extracted from aerial parts of the plants and analysed by hplc (hilic tsk gel amide-80 column) coupled to a mass spectrometer quadrupol ...201728480907
inhibitory effect of tio2 nps on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant roots.while nanoparticles (nps) are known to exhibit antimicrobial properties, their effects on symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) in plant roots has to be carefully examined as nps particularly of titanium dioxide (tio2) reach plant roots through varied sources such as fertilisers, plant protection products and other nanoproducts. the objective of the present study is to assess the effect of tio2 nps on the symbiotic behaviour of amf colonising rice (oryza sativa l.) plants. using sol-gel m ...201728476964
l-cysteine desulfhydrase-related h2 s production is involved in osse5-promoted ammonium tolerance in roots of oryza sativa.previous studies revealed that rice heme oxygenase photoperiod sensitivity 5 (osse5) is involved in the regulation of tolerance to excess ammonium by enhancing antioxidant defence. in this study, the relationship between osse5 and hydrogen sulfide (h2 s), a well-known signalling molecule, was investigated. results showed that nh4 cl triggered the induction of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (l-des)-related h2 s production in rice seedling roots. a h2 s donor not only alleviated the excess ammonium-trig ...201728474399
evaporation kinetics of surfactant solution droplets on rice (oryza sativa) leaves.the dynamics of evaporating sessile droplets on hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces is widely studied, and many models for these processes have been developed based on experimental evidence. however, few research has been explored on the evaporation of sessile droplets of surfactant or pesticide solutions on target crop leaves. thus, in this paper the impact of surfactant concentrations on contact angle, contact diameter, droplet height, and evolution of the droplets' evaporative volume on rice ...201728472108
the first plant acyl-coa-binding protein structures: the close homologues osacbp1 and osacbp2 from rice.acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps) are a family of proteins that facilitate the binding of long-chain acyl-coa esters at a conserved acyl-coa-binding domain. acbps act to form intracellular acyl-coa pools, transport acyl-coa esters and regulate lipid metabolism. in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana, a family of six acbps has been demonstrated to function in stress and development. six acbps (osacbps) have also been identified in oryza sativa (rice), but they are not as well characterized as th ...201728471368
suppressive effect of microrna319 expression on rice plant height.key message: mir319 was identified as a dwarf-inducing gene from shiokari and its dwarf near isogenic line, and its transgenic rice showed a reduced plant height. this finding reveals the potential application of mir319 in future molecular breeding. it is well known that micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in plant physiology, especially in development and stress responses. however, little is known about the role of mirnas in plant height. in this study, the rice cultivar shiokari and its dw ...201728470512
seqping: gene prediction pipeline for plant genomes using self-training gene models and transcriptomic data.gene prediction is one of the most important steps in the genome annotation process. a large number of software tools and pipelines developed by various computing techniques are available for gene prediction. however, these systems have yet to accurately predict all or even most of the protein-coding regions. furthermore, none of the currently available gene-finders has a universal hidden markov model (hmm) that can perform gene prediction for all organisms equally well in an automatic fashion.201728466793
stomatal development: focusing on the grasses.the development and patterning of stomata in the plant epidermis has emerged as an ideal system for studying fundamental plant developmental processes. over the past twenty years most studies of stomata have used the model dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana. however, cultivated monocotyledonous grass (or gramineae) varieties provide the majority of human nutrition, and future research into grass stomata could be of critical importance for improving food security. recent studies using brac ...201728826033
gaba accretion reduces lsi-1 and lsi-2 gene expressions and modulates physiological responses in oryza sativa to provide tolerance towards arsenic.gaba counteracts wide range of stresses through regulation of gaba shunt pathway in plants. although, gaba assisted tolerance against as toxicity in plants is still unexplored. we have examined gaba induced tolerance in rice seedlings with two exposure periods of gaba i.e., short term and long term. results showed that accumulation of gaba reduced the expressions of lsi-1 and lsi-2 transporter genes, which ultimately decreased the accumulation of as in rice seedlings. the accumulation of gaba al ...201728821860
lazy genes mediate the effects of gravity on auxin gradients and plant architecture.a rice (oryza sativa) mutant led to the discovery of a plant-specific lazy1 protein that controls the orientation of shoots. arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) possesses six lazy genes having spatially distinct expression patterns. branch angle phenotypes previously associated with single lazy genes were here studied in roots and shoots of single and higher-order atlazy mutants. the results identify the major contributors to root and shoot branch angles and gravitropic behavior of seedling hypoc ...201728821594
genetic dissection of seedling stage salinity tolerance in rice using introgression lines of a salt tolerant landrace nona bokra.salinity is an important abiotic stress affecting rice production worldwide. development of salt tolerant varieties is the most feasible approach for improving rice productivity in salt affected soils. in rice, seedling stage salinity tolerance is crucial for better crop establishment. quantitative trait loci (qtl) mapping using introgression lines (ils) is useful for identification and simultaneous transfer of desirable alleles into elite genetic background. in the present study, 138 ils derive ...201728821187
rice peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase knockdown affects ros signaling and triggers early leaf senescence.h2o2, which is continually produced by aerobic metabolism, is a cytotoxic molecule when in high levels. however, low levels can act as a signaling molecule able to regulate the expression of stress responses, senescence, programmed cell death, plant growth, and development. ascorbate peroxidase (apx) enzyme plays an essential role in the control of intracellular h2o2 levels. here, the function of a gene encoding a peroxisomal apx (osapx4) from rice (oryza sativa l.) was studied. osapx4 gene expr ...201728818384
functional characterization of rice cw-domain containing zinc finger proteins involved in histone recognition.histone recognition is important for understanding the mechanisms of histone modification, which play a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation during plant development. here, we identified three cysteine-tryptophan (cw)-domain containing zinc finger (zf) proteins involved in histone recognition, namely oscw-zf3, oscw-zf5 and oscw-zf7. protein sequence analysis showed that they have two unknown motifs in addition to the cw domain. all three oscw-zfs were expressed in aerial tissues, with rela ...201728818372
genome wide association analysis of cold tolerance at germination in temperate japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) varieties.a pool of 200 traditional, landraces and modern elite and old cultivars of rice, mainly japonica varieties adapted to temperate regions, have been used to perform a genome wide association study to detect chromosome regions associated to low temperature germination (ltg) regulation using a panel of 1672 snp markers. phenotyping was performed by determining growth rates when seeds were germinated at 25° and 15°c in order to separate the germination vigorousness from cold tolerance effects. as exp ...201728817683
comparative studies on tolerance of rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to moderate salt stress.moderate salt stress, which often occurs in most saline agriculture land, suppresses crop growth and reduces crop yield. rice, as an important food crop, is sensitive to salt stress and rice genotypes differ in their tolerance to salt stress. despite extensive studies on salt tolerance of rice, a few studies have specifically investigated the mechanism by which rice plants respond and tolerate to moderate salt stress. two rice genotypes differing in their tolerance to saline-alkaline stress, don ...201728814283
rapid and targeted introgression of fgr gene through marker-assisted backcrossing in rice (oryza sativa l.).while it is crucial for developing countries like malaysia to achieve self-sufficiency in rice (oryza sativa l.), it is equally critical to be able to produce high-quality rice, specifically fragrant rice, which demands are often met through importation. the present study was aimed at developing high-yielding fragrant rice, in a timely and cost-effective manner. a marker-assisted backcross (mabc) approach was optimised to introgress the fragrance gene (fgr) into two high-yielding malaysian varie ...201728813631
association analysis of arsenic-induced straighthead in rice (oryza sativa l.) based on the selected population with a modified model.a rice physiological disorder makes mature panicle keep erect with empty grains termed as "straighthead." straighthead causes yield losses and is a serious threat to rice production worldwide. here, a new study of association mapping was conducted to identify qtl involved in straighthead. a subset of 380 accessions was selected from the usda rice core collection and genotyped with 72 genome-wide ssr markers. an optimal model implemented with principle components (pcs) was used in this associatio ...201728812021
crosstalk between diurnal rhythm and water stress reveals an altered primary carbon flux into soluble sugars in drought-treated rice leaves.plants retain rhythmic physiological responses when adapting to environmental challenges. however, possible integrations between drought conditions and those responses have not received much focus, especially regarding crop plants, and the relationship between abiotic stress and the diurnal cycle is generally not considered. therefore, we conducted a genome-wide analysis to identify genes showing both diurnal regulation and water-deficiency response in rice (oryza sativa). among the 712 drought- ...201728811563
the conserved and unique genetic architecture of kernel size and weight in maize and rice.maize (zea mays) is a major staple crop. maize kernel size and weight are important contributors to its yield. here, we measured kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness, hundred kernel weight, and kernel test weight in 10 recombinant inbred line populations and dissected their genetic architecture using three statistical models. in total, 729 quantitative trait loci (qtls) were identified, many of which were identified in all three models, including 22 major qtls that each can explain more ...201728811335
identification and expression analysis of micrornas during ovule development in rice (oryza sativa) by deep sequencing.microrna (mirna) expression profiles during rice ovule development revealed the possible mirna-mediated regulation between ovule sporophytic tissue and female gametophyte and the involvement of mirnas in programmed cell death. mirnas are 20-24-nucleotide small rnas that play key roles in the regulation of many growth and developmental processes in plants. rice ovule development comprises a series of biological events, which are regulated by complex molecular mechanisms. to gain insight into mirn ...201728808767
roles of rice phytochrome-interacting factor-like1 (ospil1) in leaf senescence.rice (oryza sativa) phytochrome-interacting factor-like1 (ospil1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, plays an important role in the elongation of internode cells. recently, we found that ospil1 participates in chlorophyll biosynthesis by directly upregulating several genes encoding components of the photosystem apparatus. here, we show that ospil1 negatively regulates leaf senescence in rice. during dark-induced senescence (dis), ospil1 mutants senesced earlier than wild type; this ...201728805492
three representative inter and intra-subspecific crosses reveal the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation in rice.systematic characterization of genetic and molecular mechanisms in the formation of hybrid sterility is of fundamental importance in understanding reproductive isolation and speciation. using ultra-high-density genetic maps, 43 single-locus quantitative trait loci (qtls) and 223 digenic interactions for embryo-sac, pollen, and spikelet fertility are depicted from three crosses between representative varieties of japonica and two varietal groups of indica, which provide an extensive archive for i ...201728805257
root transcriptomic analysis revealing the importance of energy metabolism to the development of deep roots in rice (oryza sativa l.).drought is the most serious abiotic stress limiting rice production, and deep root is the key contributor to drought avoidance. however, the genetic mechanism regulating the development of deep roots is largely unknown. in this study, the transcriptomes of 74 root samples from 37 rice varieties, representing the extreme genotypes of shallow or deep rooting, were surveyed by rna-seq. the 13,242 differentially expressed genes (degs) between deep rooting and shallow rooting varieties (h vs. l) were ...201728798764
c-terminal residues of rice translin are essential for octamer formation and nucleic acid binding.translin is a dna/rna binding protein involved in dna repair and rna metabolism. previously, we had shown that rice translin (221 amino acids) exhibits biochemical activities similar to that of the human translin protein. here we report the role of the c-terminal random coil in rice translin function by analyzing truncation (after 215th residue, tra - 215) and substitution mutant proteins (ser216ala, lys217ala, gln218ala, glu219ala). circular dichroism (cd) analysis of tra-215 showed deviations ...201728797959
genome-wide screening of oryza sativa ssp. japonica and indica reveals a complex family of proteins with ribosome-inactivating protein domains.ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are cytotoxic enzymes capable of halting protein synthesis by irreversible modification of ribosomes. although rips are widespread they are not ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. the physiological importance of rips is not fully elucidated, but evidence suggests a role in the protection of the plant against biotic and abiotic stresses. searches in the rice genome revealed a large and highly complex family of proteins with a rip domain. a comparative analysis r ...201728797946
how rice (oryza sativa l.) responds to elevated as under different si-rich soil amendments.several strategies exist to mitigate as impacts on rice and each has its set of trade-offs with respect to yield, inorganic as content in grain, and ch4 emissions. the addition of si to paddy soil can decrease as uptake by rice but how rice will respond to elevated as when soil is amended with si-rich materials is unresolved. here, we evaluated yield impacts and grain as content and speciation in rice exposed to elevated as in response to different si-rich soil amendments including rice husk, ri ...201728795805
development of 25 near-isogenic lines (nils) with ten bph resistance genes in rice (oryza sativa l.): production, resistance spectrum, and molecular analysis.a first set of 25 nils carrying ten bph resistance genes and their pyramids was developed in the background of indica variety ir24 for insect resistance breeding in rice. brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens stal.) is one of the most destructive insect pests in rice. development of near-isogenic lines (nils) is an important strategy for genetic analysis of brown planthopper (bph) resistance (r) genes and their deployment against diverse bph populations. a set of 25 nils with 9 single r genes an ...201728795219
rna-seq data of oryza sativa cultivar kuku belang under peg treatment.drought stress is the main abiotic factor affecting rice production. rain-fed upland rice which is grown on unbounded fields and totally dependent on rainfall for moisture is more prone to drought stress compared to rice from other ecosystems. however, upland rice has adapted to this limited water condition, thus are more drought tolerant than rice from other ecosystems. we performed the first transcriptome sequencing of drought tolerant indica upland rice cultivar kuku belang to identify differ ...201728795103
catalytic and functional aspects of different isozymes of glycolate oxidase in rice.glycolate oxidase (glo) is a key enzyme for photorespiration in plants. there are four glo genes encoding and forming different isozymes in rice, but their functional differences are not well understood. in this study, enzymatic and physiological characteristics of the glo isozymes were comparatively analyzed.201728789632
identification and molecular mapping of indica high-tillering dwarf mutant htd4, a mild phenotype allelic mutant of d14 in rice (oryza sativa l.).metabolism of strigolactones (sls) can improve the efficiency of nutrient use by regulating the development of roots and shoots in crops, making them an important research focus for molecular breeding. however, as a very important plant hormone, the molecular mechanism of sl signal transduction still remains largely unknown. in this study, we isolated an indica high-tillering dwarf mutant 4 (htd4), a spontaneous mutant of rice, from the restorer line gui99. mapping and sequencing analysis showed ...201728787541
identification of the actual coding region for polyamine oxidase 6 from rice (ospao6) and its partial characterization.polyamines (pa) in plant play roles in growth and development and in responses to environmental stresses. the family of polyamine oxidases (pao) contributes to a balanced homeostasis of pas catalyzing two different reactions, terminal catabolic (tc) and back-conversion (bc) pathway, in pa catabolism. from the seven paos encoded by the rice genome (ospao1 - ospao7) ospao6 could so far not be characterized due to failure in obtaining the coding cdna based on accessions in the genomic databases. we ...201728786735
quantitation of glutathione s-transferases in rice (oryza sativa l.) roots exposed to cadmium by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using isotope-labeled wing peptides as an internal standard.plant glutathione s-transferases (gsts, ec 2.5.1.18) are multifunctional enzymes involved in heavy metal cellular detoxification by conjugating the tripeptide (g-glu-cys-gly) glutathione to heavy metals. previous studies demonstrated that individual rice gsts were differentially induced by heavy metal exposure at the mrna transcript level. however, little information is available concerning changes in protein concentration of rice gsts under heavy metal stress. because the correlation between ch ...201728785299
microct reveals domesticated rice (oryza sativa) within pottery sherds from early neolithic sites (4150-3265 cal bp) in southeast asia.rice (oryza sativa) was domesticated in the yangtze valley region at least 6000-8000 years ago, yet the timing of dispersal of domesticated rice to southeast asia is contentious. often rice is not well-preserved in archaeobotanical assemblages at early neolithic sites in the wet tropics of southeast asia and consequently rice impressions in pottery have been used as a proxy for rice cultivation despite their uncertain taxonomic and domestication status. in this research, we use microct technolog ...201728785094
polymeric nanoparticles as a metolachlor carrier: water-based formulation for hydrophobic pesticides and absorption by plants.pesticide formulation is highly desirable for effective utilization of pesticide and environmental pollution reduction. studies of pesticide delivery system such as microcapsules are developing prosperously. in this work, we chose polymeric nanoparticles as a pesticide delivery system and metolachlor was used as a hydrophobic pesticide model to study water-based mpeg-plga nanoparticle formulation. preparation, characterization results showed that the resulting nanoparticles enhanced "water solub ...201728783335
the polyketide synthase ospks2 is essential for pollen exine and ubisch body patterning in rice.lipid and phenolic metabolism are important for pollen exine formation. in arabidopsis, polyketide synthases (pkss) are essential for both sporopollenin biosynthesis and exine formation. here, we characterized the role of a polyketide synthase (ospks2) in male reproduction of rice (oryza sativa). recombinant ospks2 catalyzed the condensation of fatty acyl-coa with malonyl-coa to generate triketide and tetraketide α-pyrones, the main components of pollen exine. indeed, the ospks2 mutant had defec ...201728783252
foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under cd stress.cadmium (cd) contamination of farmland soils is a widespread problem around the globe, and rice (oryza sativa l.) tends to accumulate more cd and is considered as one of the major sources of cd intake in humans, especially consuming rice-derived products. the current study investigated the effects of foliar applied aspartic acid (asp) on growth parameters, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange characteristics, cd uptake, and antioxidative capacity in the shoots and roots of rice seedl ...201728780693
heavy metals (lead, cadmium, methylmercury, arsenic) in commonly imported rice grains (oryza sativa) sold in saudi arabia and their potential health risk.the levels of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, methylmercury and arsenic) were determined in 37 brands of imported rice commonly consumed in saudi arabia after soaking and rinsing with water, and their potential health risks to residents were estimated by three indices: hazard quotient (hq), hazard index (hi) and cancer risk (cr). the mean levels of lead, cadmium, methylmercury and total arsenic in soaked (rinsed) rice grains were 0.034 (0.057), 0.015 (0.027), 0.004 (0.007) and 0.202 (0.183) μg/g dr ...201728780210
seed priming with se alleviate as induced phytotoxicity during germination and seedling growth by restricting as translocation in rice (oryza sativa l c.v. iet-4094).interactive aspect of among selenium (se) and as (as) to mitigate as induced phytotoxicity in rice during germination and seedling growth has been based on mostly to petriplates and hydroponic mode of experiments. in this investigation we explore the consequences of sowing se primed rice seeds in as spiked soil. unprimed, hydroprimed and se primed rice (iet-4094) seeds sown in as spiked soil, with five replications, arranged in complete randomized design for evaluating the impacts of seed primin ...201728779704
increment of root membrane permeability caused by microcystins result in more elements uptake in rice (oryza sativa).we conducted an indoor culture experiment to evaluate the phytotoxic effect of microcystins (mcs) on rice. after a 30day exposure, mcs induced a clear inhibition in rice growth, as well as a disruption of its antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation. we observed an increase in root membrane permeability; the conductivity of the leakage solution of the roots at 50 and 500μgl-1 was significantly increased by 77% and 136%, respectively, compared to the control. uptake of microelements (fe, mn, cu ...201728778041
multiple method analysis of tio2 nanoparticle uptake in rice (oryza sativa l.) plants.understanding the translocation of nanoparticles (nps) into plants is challenging because qualitative and quantitative methods are still being developed and the comparability of results among different methods is unclear. in this study, uptake of titanium dioxide nps and larger bulk particles (bps) in rice plant (oryza sativa l.) tissues was evaluated using three orthogonal techniques: electron microscopy, single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (spicp-ms) with two different ...201728777911
simultaneous improvement and genetic dissection of salt tolerance of rice (oryza sativa l.) by designed qtl pyramiding.breeding of multi-stress tolerant rice varieties with higher grain yields is the best option to enhance the rice productivity of abiotic stresses prone areas. it also poses the greatest challenge to plant breeders to breed rice varieties for such stress prone conditions. here, we carried out a designed qtl pyramiding experiment to develop high yielding "green super rice" varieties with significantly improved tolerance to salt stress and grain yield. using the f4 population derived from a cross b ...201728775730
thymol ameliorates cadmium-induced phytotoxicity in the root of rice (oryza sativa) seedling by decreasing endogenous nitric oxide generation.thymol has been developed as medicine and food preservative due to its immune-regulatory effect and antimicrobial activity, respectively. however, little is currently known about the role of thymol in the modulation of plant physiology. in the present study, we applied biochemical and histochemical approaches to investigate thymol-induced tolerance in rice (oryza sativa) seedlings against cd (cadmium) stress. thymol at 20 μm recovered root growth completely upon cdcl2 exposure. thymol pronounced ...201728771007
effect of selenium application on arsenic uptake in rice (oryza sativa l.).alluvial aquifers of the agrarian state of punjab of southwestern arid zone used for irrigation of rice crops are rich in arsenic concentration. in the present study, rice (oryza sativa l.) crops were raised in pots in a greenhouse with a purpose to study whether selenium (se) application was effective in ameliorating as uptake. the rice crop was irrigated with arsenic laced water (0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 μm as l-1) throughout the growing period, without and with selenium (0.05 and 0.10 mg kg-1) added ...201728770430
silicon supplementation alters the composition of herbivore induced plant volatiles and enhances attraction of parasitoids to infested rice plants.silicon (si) is important in plant defenses that operate in a direct manner against herbivores, and work in rice (oryza sativa) has established that this is mediated by the jasmonate signaling pathway. plant defenses also operate indirectly, by the production of herbivore induced plant volatiles (hipvs) that attract predators and parasitoids of herbivores. these indirect defenses too are mediated by the jasmonate pathway but no earlier work has demonstrated an effect of si on hipvs. in this stud ...201728769965
tightly controlled expression of bhlh142 is essential for timely tapetal programmed cell death and pollen development in rice.male sterility is important for hybrid seed production. pollen development is regulated by a complex network. we previously showed that knockout of bhlh142 in rice (oryza sativa) causes pollen sterility by interrupting tapetal programmed cell death (pcd) and bhlh142 coordinates with tdr to modulate the expression of eat1. in this study, we demonstrated that overexpression of bhlh142 (oe142) under the control of the ubiquitin promoter also leads to male sterility in rice by triggering the prematu ...201728769961
oryza sativa brassinosteroid upregulated1 like1 induces the expression of a gene encoding a small leucine-rich-repeat protein to positively regulate lamina inclination and grain size in rice.oryza sativa brassinosteroid upregulated1 like1 (osbul1) positively affects lamina inclination and grain size. osbul1 knock-out (osbul1) plants as well as transgenic rice with reduced level of osbul1 expression produce erect leaves and small grains. here, we identified a putative downstream gene of osbul1, osbul1 downstream gene1 (osbdg1) encoding a small protein with short leucine-rich-repeats by cdna microarray analyses in the lamina joint and panicles of wild-type and osbul1 plants. transgeni ...201728769958
elevated carbon dioxide alleviates aluminum toxicity by decreasing cell wall hemicellulose in rice (oryza sativa).carbon dioxide (co2) is involved in plant growth as well as plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, it remains unclear whether co2 is involved in the response of rice (oryza sativa) to aluminum (al) toxicity. in the current study, we discovered that elevated co2 (600 μl·l-1) significantly alleviated al-induced inhibition of root elongation that occurred in ambient co2 (400 μl·l-1). this protective effect was accompanied by a reduced al accumulation in root apex. al significantly induced ci ...201728769823
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