Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
differential regulation of microrna transcriptome in chicken lines resistant and susceptible to necrotic enteritis disease.necrotic enteritis (ne) is a re-emerging disease as a result of increased restriction on the use of antibiotics in poultry. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ne are unclear. small rna transcriptome analysis was performed using spleen and intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iel) from 2 inbred chicken lines selected for resistance or susceptibility to marek's disease (md) in an experimentally induced model of avian ne to investigate whether microrna (mirna) contr ...201424879688
effects of long-term heat stress in an experimental model of avian necrotic enteritis.stressful conditions are predisposing factors for disease development. heat stress is one of the most important stressors in poultry production. the reemergence of some previously controlled diseases [e.g., avian necrotic enteritis (ne)] has been extensively reported. the combination of bacterial infection and certain environmental factors have been reported to trigger the disease. the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of long-term heat stress (35 ± 1°c) on the development of ne in br ...201424879684
investigating an outbreak of clostridium perfringens gastroenteritis in a school using smartphone technology, london, march 2013.on 22 march 2013, 150 of 1,255 students (13–17 years) and staff at a school in london reported gastrointestinal symptoms; onset peaked 8 to 12 hours after a lunch served in the school on 21 march. we performed a retrospective cohort study of all students and staff. we defined cases as school attenders on 20 and 21 march with onset of gastrointestinal symptoms between 20 and 23 march. we tested food, environmental and stool samples of cases for common pathogens and bacterial toxins. we administer ...201424852955
porcine group a rotaviruses with heterogeneous vp7 and vp4 genotype combinations can be found together with enteric bacteria on belgian swine farms.group a rotaviruses (rva) are an important cause of diarrhea in young piglets, resulting in significant economic losses. however, the role of rva in the etiology of piglet diarrhea on belgian swine farms was previously unreported. in the present study, different techniques, including fast antigen detection tests, virus isolation, rt-pcr and rt-qpcr have been applied for detection of rva in diarrheic (n=28) and asymptomatic (n=6) fecal samples collected on belgian pig farms. rt-qpcr was shown to ...201424837191
evaluation of clostridium perfringens as a tracer of sewage contamination in sediments by two enumeration methods.a traditional method of enumerating clostridium perfringens using membrane filtration (mf) as an indicator of fecal contamination was compared to recently developed rapid method using rapid fung double tube (rfdt) in an evaluation to characterize the extent of sewage contamination in sediments of the great lakes. evaluation of these two methods included determining c. perfringens concentrations and recovery efficiencies from sewage, sewage-spiked sediments, and water (surface and bottom) and sed ...201424833022
development of a flow cytometric bead immunoassay and its assessment as a possible aid to potency evaluation of enterotoxaemia vaccines.enterotoxaemia, an economically important disease of sheep, goats and calves, is caused by systemic effects of the epsilon toxin produced by the anaerobic bacterium clostridium perfringens type d. the only practical means of controlling the occurrence of enterotoxaemia is to immunise animals by vaccination. the vaccine is prepared by deriving a toxoid from the bacterial culture filtrate and the potency of the vaccine is tested with the in vivo mouse neutralisation test (mnt). due to ethical, eco ...201424832497
clostridium perfringens surgical site infection after osteotomy for knee deformity correction in a non-immunocompromised child.clostridium perfringens myonecrosis following an elective surgical procedure in a previously healthy child is a rare incident.201424828080
structural basis of sialidase in complex with geranylated flavonoids as potent natural inhibitors.sialidase catalyzes the removal of a terminal sialic acid from glycoconjugates and plays a pivotal role in nutrition, cellular interactions and pathogenesis mediating various infectious diseases including cholera, influenza and sepsis. an array of antiviral sialidase agents have been developed and are commercially available, such as zanamivir and oseltamivir for treating influenza. however, the development of bacterial sialidase inhibitors has been much less successful. here, natural polyphenoli ...201424816104
effects of melatonin on oxidative stress, and resistance to bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections: a review.melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, works directly and indirectly as a free radical scavenger. its other physiological or pharmacological activities could be dependent or independent of receptors located in different cells, organs, and tissues. in addition to its role in promoting sleep and circadian rhythms regulation, it has important immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects suggesting that this indole must be considered as a therapeutic alternative against inf ...201424811367
perfringolysin o structure and mechanism of pore formation as a paradigm for cholesterol-dependent cytolysins.cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs) constitute a family of pore forming toxins secreted by gram-positive bacteria. these toxins form transmembrane pores by inserting a large β-barrel into cholesterol-containing membrane bilayers. binding of water-soluble cdcs to the membrane triggers the formation of oligomers containing 35-50 monomers. the coordinated insertion of more than seventy β-hairpins into the membrane requires multiple structural conformational changes. perfringolysin o (pfo), secr ...201424798008
effects of in ovo injection with selenium on immune and antioxidant responses during experimental necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo injection of se on modulating the immune system and antioxidant responses in broiler chickens with experimental necrotic enteritis. broiler eggs were injected at 18 d of embryo age with either 100 μl of pbs alone or sodium selenite (na2seo3) in pbs, providing 0 (ss0), 10 (ss10), or 20 (ss20) μg of se/egg. at 14 d posthatch, pbs-treated and uninfected chickens were kept as the control group, whereas the remaining chickens were orally i ...201424795303
analysis of genetic similarities between clostridium perfringens isolates isolated from patients with gas gangrene and from hospital environment conducted with the use of the pfge method.the objective of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of genetic similarity, with the use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), of clostridium perfringens isolates originating from patients with gas gangrene and from the hospital environment. the study encompassed two patients with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of gas gangrene, who were hospitalized in one of the hospitals of the małopolska province in the time period between 31st march 2012 and 18th may 2012. clostri ...201424791817
structure and stability of an azoreductase with an fad cofactor from the strict anaerobe clostridium perfringens.azoreductase enzymes present in many microorganisms exhibit the ability to reduce azo dyes, an abundant industrial pollutant, to produce carcinogenic metabolites that threaten human health. all biochemically-characterized azoreductases, around 30 to date, have been isolated from aerobic bacteria, except for azoc, the azoreductase of clostridium perfringens, which is from a strictly anaerobic bacterium. azoc is a recently biochemically-characterized azoreductase. the lack of structural informatio ...201424779771
pathogen exclusion properties of canine probiotics are influenced by the growth media and physical treatments simulating industrial processes.manufacturing process used in preparation of probiotic products may alter beneficial properties of probiotics. the effect of different growth media and inactivation methods on the protective properties of canine-originated probiotic bacteria against adhesion of canine enteropathogens was investigated.201424779583
synergistic effects of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and beta toxin in rabbit small intestinal loops.the ability of clostridium perfringens type c to cause human enteritis necroticans (en) is attributed to beta toxin (cpb). however, many en strains also express c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe), suggesting that cpe could be another contributor to en. supporting this possibility, lysate supernatants from modified duncan-strong sporulation (mds) medium cultures of three cpe-positive type c en strains caused enteropathogenic effects in rabbit small intestinal loops, which is significant since cpe i ...201424778117
beta2 toxin is not involved in in vitro cell cytotoxicity caused by human and porcine cpb2-harbouring clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens is a common cause of intestinal disease in animals and humans. its pathogenicity is attributed to the toxins it can produce, including the beta2 toxin. the presence of cpb2, the gene encoding the beta2 toxin, has been associated with diarrhoea in neonatal piglets and humans. however, the exact role of the beta2 toxin in the development of diarrhoea is still unknown. in this study we investigated the level of cytotoxicity to porcine ipi-21 and human caco-2 cell-lines cause ...201424768003
towards an understanding of the role of clostridium perfringens toxins in human and animal disease.clostridium perfringens uses its arsenal of >16 toxins to cause histotoxic and intestinal infections in humans and animals. it has been unclear why this bacterium produces so many different toxins, especially since many target the plasma membrane of host cells. however, it is now established that c. perfringens uses chromosomally encoded alpha toxin (a phospholipase c) and perfringolysin o (a pore-forming toxin) during histotoxic infections. in contrast, this bacterium causes intestinal disease ...201424762309
erratum for maheux et al., abilities of the mcp agar method and crename alpha toxin-specific real-time pcr assay to detect clostridium perfringens spores in drinking water. 201426058088
clostridium perfringens type a enteritis in blue and yellow macaw (ara ararauna).this study describes an outbreak of necrotic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens type a in captive macaws (ara ararauna). two psittacine birds presented a history of prostration and died 18 hr after manifestation of clinical signs. the necropsy findings and histopathologic lesions were indicative of necrotic enteritis. microbiologic assays resulted in the growth of large gram-positive bacilli that were identified as c. perfringens. pcr was used to identify clostridium toxinotypes and con ...201425619013
global phenotypic characterization of effects of fluoroquinolone resistance selection on the metabolic activities and drug susceptibilities of clostridium perfringens strains.fluoroquinolone resistance affects toxin production of clostridium perfringens strains differently. to investigate the effect of fluoroquinolone resistance selection on global changes in metabolic activities and drug susceptibilities, four c. perfringens strains and their norfloxacin-, ciprofloxacin-, and gatifloxacin-resistant mutants were compared in nearly 2000 assays, using phenotype microarray plates. variations among mutant strains resulting from resistance selection were observed in all a ...201425587280
transcriptional profiles of host-pathogen responses to necrotic enteritis and differential regulation of immune genes in two inbreed chicken lines showing disparate disease susceptibility.necrotic enteritis (ne) is an important intestinal infectious disease of commercial poultry flocks caused by clostridium perfringens. using an experimental model of ne involving co-infection with c. perfringens and eimeria maxima, transcriptome profiling and functional genomics approaches were applied to identify the genetic mechanisms that might regulate the host response to this disease. microarray hybridization identified 1,049 transcripts whose levels were altered (601 increased, 448 decreas ...201425504150
effects of dexamethasone immunosuppression on turkey clostridial dermatitis.clostridia represents a group of anaerobic spore-forming bacteria ubiquitous in the poultry environment. they are widely distributed in soil and survive for many years as highly resistant, inactive spores. they enter the body through wounds and contaminated feed as active bacteria or spores. multiplication of clostridial bacteria occurs only in the absence of oxygen or in environments with very low concentrations of oxygen. during active multiplication, the clostridial organisms produce several ...201425518439
mucin gene mrna levels in broilers challenged with eimeria and/or clostridium perfringens.the effects of eimeria (em) and clostridium perfringens (cp) challenges on the mrna levels of genes involved in mucin (muc) synthesis (muc2, muc5ac, muc13, and trefoil family factor-2 [tff2]), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor alpha [tnf-alpha] and interleukin-18 [il-18]), and metabolic processes (cluster of differentiation [cd]36) in the jejunum of broilers were investigated. two parallel experiments involving 1) em challenge and 2) em and cp challenges were conducted. the first experiment wa ...201425518436
structure of a bacterial microcompartment shell protein bound to a cobalamin cofactor.the eutl shell protein is a key component of the ethanolamine-utilization microcompartment, which serves to compartmentalize ethanolamine degradation in diverse bacteria. the apparent function of this shell protein is to facilitate the selective diffusion of large cofactor molecules between the cytoplasm and the lumen of the microcompartment. while eutl is implicated in molecular-transport phenomena, the details of its function, including the identity of its transport substrate, remain unknown. ...201425484204
enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens infection and pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease.clostridium difficile is the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and is the most well known bacterial pathogen associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens has also been detected in up to 15% of antibiotic-associated diarrhea cases, and it has not been found in healthy people. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of c. perfringens infection in pediatric patients with ibd.201424060617
cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domains confer multiple forms of mg2+-dependent cooperativity to family ii pyrophosphatases.regulated family ii pyrophosphatases (cbs-ppases) contain a nucleotide-binding insert comprising a pair of cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domains, termed a bateman module. by binding with high affinity to the cbs domains, amp and adp usually inhibit the enzyme, whereas atp activates it. here, we demonstrate that amp, adp, and atp bind in a positively cooperative manner to cbs-ppases from four bacteria: desulfitobacterium hafniense, clostridium novyi, clostridium perfringens, and eggerthella lent ...201424986864
surveillance for zoonotic and selected pathogens in harbor seals phoca vitulina from central california.the infection status of harbor seals phoca vitulina in central california, usa, was evaluated through broad surveillance for pathogens in stranded and wild-caught animals from 2001 to 2008, with most samples collected in 2007 and 2008. stranded animals from mendocino county to san luis obispo county were sampled at a rehabilitation facility: the marine mammal center (tmmc, n = 175); wild-caught animals were sampled at 2 locations: san francisco bay (sf, n = 78) and tomales bay (tb, n = 97), that ...201425266897
presence of infectious agents and co-infections in diarrheic dogs determined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction-based panel.infectious diarrhea can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoan organisms, or a combination of these. the identification of co-infections in dogs is important to determine the prognosis and to plan strategies for their treatment and prophylaxis. although many pathogens have been individually detected with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), a comprehensive panel of agents that cause diarrhea in privately owned dogs has not yet been established. the objective of this study was to use ...201424433321
biofilms of clostridium species.the biofilm is a microbial community embedded in a synthesized matrix and is the main bacterial way of life. a biofilm adheres on surfaces or is found on interfaces. it protects bacteria from the environment, toxic molecules and may have a role in virulence. clostridium species are spread throughout both environments and hosts, but their biofilms have not been extensively described in comparison with other bacterial species. in this review we describe all biofilms formed by clostridium species d ...201425242197
expression of the large clostridial toxins is controlled by conserved regulatory mechanisms.the clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. host damage results from the action of potent exotoxins, an important group of which is the large clostridial toxins (lcts) produced by clostridium difficile, clostridium sordellii, clostridium perfringens and clostridium novyi. knowledge of the structure and function of these toxins has been attained, however, apart from c. difficile, the regulatory pathways that control lct production remain ...201425190355
clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens from wild carnivore species in brazil.despite some case reports, the importance of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile for wild carnivores remains unclear. thus, the objective of this study was to identify c. perfringens and c. difficile strains in stool samples from wild carnivore species in brazil. a total of 34 stool samples were collected and subjected to c. perfringens and c. difficile isolation. suggestive colonies of c. perfringens were then analyzed for genes encoding the major c. perfringens toxins (alpha, bet ...201424979683
clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile in cooked beef sold in côte d'ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility.the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens in cooked beef sold in the streets in côte d'ivoire and their antimicrobial susceptibility. a total of 395 kidney and flesh samples of cooked beef were collected from vendors at abidjan and subjected to c. difficile and c. perfringens isolation and identification by using biochemical tests, api 20a system and pcr detection. subsequently, the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed fo ...201424944124
haemorrhagic toxin and lethal toxin from clostridium sordellii strain vpi9048: molecular characterization and comparative analysis of substrate specificity of the large clostridial glucosylating toxins.large clostridial glucosylating toxins (lcgts) are produced by toxigenic strains of clostridium difficile, clostridium perfringens, clostridium novyi and clostridium sordellii. while most c. sordellii strains solely produce lethal toxin (tcsl), c. sordellii strain vpi9048 co-produces both hemorrhagic toxin (tcsh) and tcsl. here, the sequences of tcsh-9048 and tcsl-9048 are provided, showing that both toxins retain conserved lcgt features and that tcsl and tcsh are highly related to toxin a (tcda ...201424905543
the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain and mortality in 4 danish pig herds.the study evaluated the effect of new neonatal porcine diarrhoea syndrome (nnpds) on average daily gain (adg) and mortality and described the clinical manifestations in four herds suffering from the syndrome. nnpds is a diarrhoeic syndrome affecting piglets within the first week of life, which is not caused by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) type a/c, clostridium difficile (c. difficile), rotavirus a, coronavirus, cystoisospora suis, strongyloide ...201424755093
lrp1 is a receptor for clostridium perfringens tpel toxin indicating a two-receptor model of clostridial glycosylating toxins.large glycosylating toxins are major virulence factors of various species of pathogenic clostridia. prototypes are clostridium difficile toxins a and b, which cause antibiotics-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. the current model of the toxins' action suggests that receptor binding is mediated by a c-terminal domain of combined repetitive oligopeptides (crop). this model is challenged by the glycosylating clostridium perfringens large cytotoxin (tpel toxin) that is devoid of the c ...201424737893
utility of the clostridial site-specific recombinase tnpx to clone toxic-product-encoding genes and selectively remove genomic dna fragments.tnpx is a site-specific recombinase responsible for the excision and insertion of the transposons tn4451 and tn4453 in clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile, respectively. here, we exploit phenotypic features of tnpx to facilitate genetic mutagenesis and complementation studies. genetic manipulation of bacteria often relies on the use of antibiotic resistance genes; however, a limited number are available for use in the clostridia. the ability of tnpx to recognize and excise specific ...201424682304
evaluation of a multiplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection of bacterial and viral enteropathogens in stool samples of paediatric patients.we evaluated a multiplex pcr assay, the seeplex diarrhoea ace detection, that simultaneously detects 15 enteric pathogens, including salmonella spp., shigella spp., vibrio spp., toxin b producer clostridium difficile, campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, yersinia enterocolitica, aeromonas spp., escherichia coli o157:h7, verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli, adenovirus, group a rotavirus, norovirus gi and gii, and astrovirus. we compared this assay with clinical methods routinely used ...201424656922
characterization of clostridium perfringens in the feces of adult horses and foals with acute enterocolitis.up to 60% of cases of equine colitis have no known cause. to improve understanding of the causes of acute colitis in horses, we hypothesized that clostridium perfringens producing enterotoxin (cpe) and/or beta2 toxin (cpb2) are common and important causes of severe colitis in horses and/or that c. perfringens producing an as-yet-undescribed cytotoxin may also cause colitis in horses. fecal samples from 55 horses (43 adults, 12 foals) with clinical evidence of colitis were evaluated by culture fo ...201424396174
diarylacylhydrazones: clostridium-selective antibacterials with activity against stationary-phase cells.current antibiotics for treating clostridium difficile infections (cdi), that is, metronidazole, vancomycin and more recently fidaxomicin, are mostly effective but treatment failure and disease relapse remain as significant clinical problems. the shortcomings of these agents are attributed to their low selectivity for c. difficile over normal gut microflora and their ineffectiveness against c. difficile spores. this letter reports that certain diarylacylhydrazones identified during a high-throug ...201424360560
antibacterial activity against clostridium genus and antiradical activity of the essential oils from different origin.in the present study, the antimicrobial and antiradical activities of 15 essential oils were investigated. the antimicrobial activities were determined by using agar disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods against clostridium genus and antioxidant properties of essential oils by testing their scavenging effect on dpph radicals activities. we determined the antibacterial activity of clostridium butyricum, clostridium hystoliticum, clostridium intestinale, clostridium perfringens and clostr ...201424813985
effects of clostridium butyricum on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with escherichia coli k88.this study was conducted to investigate the effects of clostridium butyricumon growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens challenged with escherichia coli k88. three hundred sixty 1-d-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments: negative control (nc) birds were fed a basal diet and not challenged with e. coli k88; positive control (pc) birds were fed a basal diet and challenged with e. coli k88; c. butyricum treatment (cb) birds were fed a diet ...201424570422
infectious agents associated with diarrhoea in neonatal foals in central kentucky: a comprehensive molecular study.diarrhoea caused by infectious agents is common in foals but there is no comprehensive molecular work-up of the relative prevalence of common agents and appearance of coinfections.201423773143
view from the front lines: an emergency medicine perspective on clostridial infections in injection drug users.injection drug use (idu), specifically non-intravenous "skin-popping" of heroin, seems to provide optimal conditions for clostridial infection and toxin production. idu is therefore a major risk factor for wound botulism and clostridial necrotizing soft tissue infections (nsti) and continues to be linked to cases of tetanus. case clusters of all 3 diseases have occurred among idus in western u.s. and europe. medical personnel who care for the idu population must be thoroughly familiar with the c ...201425230330
eutrophication and bacterial pathogens as risk factors for avian botulism outbreaks in wetlands receiving effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants.due to the scarcity of water resources in the "mancha húmeda" biosphere reserve, the use of treated wastewater has been proposed as a solution for the conservation of natural threatened floodplain wetlands. in addition, wastewater treatment plants of many villages pour their effluent into nearby natural lakes. we hypothesized that certain avian pathogens present in wastewater may cause avian mortalities which would trigger avian botulism outbreaks. with the aim of testing our hypothesis, 24 loca ...201424795377
relationship between gastrointestinal dysbiosis and clostridium botulinum in dairy cows.the gastrointestinal tract is a balanced ecosystem that can get out of balance and predisposed to clostridial diseases or other pathological conditions. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the gut microbiota in dairy cows suffering from chronic botulism. cows were investigated for clostridium (c.) botulinum in faeces and rumen fluids. in order to study the relationship between botulism and gastrointestinal microbiota, faeces and rumen fluid were tested for bacterial composition us ...201424747040
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by-products is inactivated with inorganic acid (ph 1) and base (ph 12).the aquaculture industry needs a simple, inexpensive and safe method for the treatment of fish waste without heat. microbial inactivation by inorganic acid (hcl) or base (koh) was determined using infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv) as a model organism for fish pathogens. salmonella and spores of clostridium perfringens were general hygiene indicators in supplementary examinations. ipnv, which is considered to be among the most chemical- and heat-resistant fish pathogens, was reduced by ...201423617746
[clostridium perfringens-induced intravascular hemolysis]. 201423891133
diagnostic exercise: hemolysis and sudden death in lambs.within a 24-hour period, 7 out of 200 three- to four-week-old pastured katahdin lambs died after showing clinical signs of hemoglobinuria, red-tinged feces, weakness, and recumbency. one of the lambs that was examined clinically before natural death also had abdominal pain, trembling, tachycardia, and severe anemia with a packed cell volume of 4%. pathologic findings included icterus, hemoglobinuric nephrosis, dark red urine, pulmonary edema, hydrothorax, splenomegaly, and acute centrilobular to ...201423978840
gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens involving the liver, spleen, and heart in a man 20 years after an orthotopic liver transplant: a case report.despite advances in immunosuppression and liver transplant in the past, mortality and morbidity caused by infections remain major problems. we present a 71-year-old man who was admitted to our internal intensive care unit with septicemia. upon admission, he had poorly localized epigastric pain and fever of 2 days ' duration. twenty years earlier, he had undergone an orthotopic liver transplant. testing revealed a high c-reactive protein level, elevated liver enzymes, and an acute kidney injury. ...201423962047
expression and delivery of an endolysin to combat clostridium perfringens.clostridium perfringens is a cause for increasing concern due to its responsibility for severe infections both in humans and animals, especially poultry. to find new control strategies to treat c. perfringens infection, we investigated the activity and delivery of a bacteriophage endolysin. we identified a new endolysin, designated cp25l, which shows similarity to an n-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase domain and is distinct from other c. perfringens endolysins whose activity has been demonstrate ...201423942878
clostridium perfringens in apheresis platelets: an unusual contaminant underscores the importance of clinical vigilance for septic transfusion reactions (cme).posttransfusion sepsis is typically caused by aerobic bacteria in apheresis platelets (plts) that escape detection by routine quality control cultures performed on every donation before components are distributed. we report the first case to implicate an anaerobic isolate, clostridium perfringens, in apheresis plts and investigate its detection in vitro by approved tests.201423772803
use of an online survey during an outbreak of clostridium perfringens in a retirement community-arizona, 2012.an outbreak of gastrointestinal (gi) illness among retirement community residents was reported to the maricopa county department of public health. online surveys can be useful for rapid investigation of disease outbreaks, especially when local health departments lack time and resources to perform telephone interviews. online survey utility among older populations, which may lack computer access or literacy, has not been defined.201423760307
autocatalytically generated thr-gln ester bond cross-links stabilize the repetitive ig-domain shaft of a bacterial cell surface adhesin.gram-positive bacteria are decorated by a variety of proteins that are anchored to the cell wall and project from it to mediate colonization, attachment to host cells, and pathogenesis. these proteins, and protein assemblies, such as pili, are typically long and thin yet must withstand high levels of mechanical stress and proteolytic attack. the recent discovery of intramolecular isopeptide bond cross-links, formed autocatalytically, in the pili from streptococcus pyogenes has highlighted the ro ...201424344302
massive intravascular hemolysis from clostridium perfringens septicemia: a review.we describe the case of a patient with hemolysis-associated clostridium perfringens septicemia and review all similar cases published in the literature since 1990, with specific focus on the relationship between treatment strategy and survival. we searched pubmed for all published cases of c. perfringens-associated hemolysis, using the medical subject terms "clostridia," "clostridial sepsis," and/or "hemolysis." all case reports, case series, review articles, and other relevant references publis ...201424019300
clostridium perfringens sepsis following a molar pregnancy.clostridium perfringens sepsis is rare since the legalization of abortion in 1973. this is a 49 year old female who developed clostridial sepsis after suction dilation and curettage for a molar pregnancy. a hysterectomy was performed after prompt recognition, and the patient survived.201424096275
technological properties of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria isolated from pico cheese an artisanal cow's milk cheese.evaluate technologically relevant properties from bacteriocin-producing strains to use as starter/adjunct cultures in cheese making.201424206097
follow-up of 100 dogs with acute diarrhoea in a primary care practice.this study aimed to examine the aetiology of acute diarrhoea and the relapse rate in 100 client-owned dogs presented to a first-opinion clinic. history, physical examination, faecal testing and owner questionnaire data were collected at initial presentation (t0) and at either the time of relapse or at a recheck performed within 3 months. all dogs received treatment according to their clinical signs. of 96 dogs that completed the study, 37 (38.5%) relapsed during the study period, 21 (21.9%) rela ...201424268477
internalization of clostridium perfringens α-toxin leads to erk activation and is involved on its cytotoxic effect.clostridium perfringens phospholipase c (cpplc), also called α-toxin, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene. cpplc may lead to cell lysis at concentrations that cause extensive degradation of plasma membrane phospholipids. however, at sublytic concentrations it induces cytotoxicity without inducing evident membrane damage. the results of this work demonstrate that cpplc becomes internalized in cells by a dynamin-dependent mechanism and in a time progressive process: first, cpplc c ...201424245664
adhesive properties of clostridium perfringens to extracellular matrix proteins collagens and fibronectin.the adhesive properties of clostridium perfringens to collagens, gelatin, fibronectin (fn), fn-prebound collagens, and fn-prebound gelatin were investigated. c. perfringens could bind to fn-prebound collagen type ii, type iii, and gelatin, but not to gelatin or collagens except for collagen type i directly. recombinant fn-binding proteins of c. perfringens, rfbpa and rfbpb, were used to examine fn-mediated bacterial adherence to collagen type i. in the presence of rfbps, c. perfringens adherence ...201424239649
tissue distribution and safety evaluation of a claudin-targeting molecule, the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.we previously found that claudin (cl) is a potent target for cancer therapy using a cl-3 and -4-targeting molecule, namely the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe). although cl-3 and -4 are expressed in various normal tissues, the safety of this cl-targeting strategy has never been investigated. here, we evaluated the tissue distribution of c-cpe in mice. ten minutes after intravenous injection into mice, c-cpe was distributed to the liver and kidney (24.0% and 9.5% ...201424231339
mechanistic insights from substrate preference in unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase.natural and synthetic unsaturated glucuronides were tested as substrates for clostridium perfringens unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase to probe its mechanism and to guide inhibitor design. of the natural substrates, a chondroitin disaccharide substrate with sulfation of the primary alcohol on carbon 6 of its n-acetylgalactosamine moiety was found to have the highest turnover number of any substrate reported for an unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase, with kcat =112 s(-1) . synthetic aryl glycoside s ...201424227702
[benign subcutaneous emphysema after nail penetration. case report and important differential diagnoses].crepitus under the skin after penetrating injuries: harmless benign subcutaneous emphysema or life-threatening infection with gas-producing bacteria (gas gangrene because of clostridium perfringens, crepitating cellulitis because of anaerobic streptococcus or other coliforme bacteria)? we report a case of a 74-year-old male who developed massive crepitation of the left upper extremity and the lateral thoracic wall and mediastinal emphysema after sustaining a laceration of the left thumb and fore ...201423703620
cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domain-containing pyrophosphatase as a target for diadenosine polyphosphates in bacteria.among numerous proteins containing pairs of regulatory cystathionine β-synthase (cbs) domains, family ii pyrophosphatases (cbs-ppases) are unique in that they generally contain an additional drtgg domain between the cbs domains. adenine nucleotides bind to the cbs domains in cbs-ppases in a positively cooperative manner, resulting in enzyme inhibition (amp or adp) or activation (atp). here we show that linear p(1),p(n)-diadenosine 5'-polyphosphates (apnas, where n is the number of phosphate resi ...201526400082
pigbel in the 21st century: still here, and still in need of an effective surveillance system.pigbel remains a likely significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the highlands of papua new guinea (png), two decades after the administration of pigbel vaccination ceased. there is a need for an effective surveillance program for pigbel to better understand the disease burden and to target communities for preventive strategies. this paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, recent history and current data on the burden of pigbel in png. we propose a surveillance program based on clin ...201526288931
iron fortification adversely affects the gut microbiome, increases pathogen abundance and induces intestinal inflammation in kenyan infants.in-home iron fortification for infants in developing countries is recommended for control of anaemia, but low absorption typically results in >80% of the iron passing into the colon. iron is essential for growth and virulence of many pathogenic enterobacteria. we determined the effect of high and low dose in-home iron fortification on the infant gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation.201525143342
cyclophilin-facilitated membrane translocation as pharmacological target to prevent intoxication of mammalian cells by binary clostridial actin adp-ribosylated toxins.clostridium botulinum c2 toxin, clostridium perfringens iota toxin and clostridium difficile cdt belong to the family of binary actin adp-ribosylating toxins and are composed of a binding/translocation component and a separate enzyme component. the enzyme components adp-ribosylate g-actin in the cytosol of target cells resulting in depolymerization of f-actin, cell rounding and cell death. the binding/translocation components bind to their cell receptors and form complexes with the respective en ...201525058685
solution structure and dna binding of the catalytic domain of the large serine resolvase tnpx.the transfer of antibiotic resistance between bacteria is mediated by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons. tnpx is a member of the large serine recombinase subgroup of site-specific recombinases and is responsible for the excision and insertion of mobile genetic elements that encode chloramphenicol resistance in the pathogens clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile. tnpx consists of three structural domains: domain i contains the catalytic site, whereas domains ii ...201525720550
a possible route for foodborne transmission of clostridium difficile?spores of toxigenic clostridium difficile and spores of food-poisoning strains of clostridium perfringens show a similar prevalence in meats. spores of both species are heat resistant and can survive cooking of foods. c. perfringens is a major cause of foodborne illness; studies are needed to determine whether c. difficile transmission by a similar route is a cause of infection.201525599421
clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and clostridium difficile toxin a/b do not play a role in acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome in dogs.although an association between clostridial pathogens and canine idiopathic acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome (ahds) has been described, the relevance of those bacteria and their toxins remains unclear. the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between severity of clinical signs and presence of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) and clostridium difficile toxin a/b (cdt a/b) in faeces of dogs with ahds. faecal samples of 54 dogs with idiopathic ahds were tested by qualitati ...201525467148
novel receptors for bacterial protein toxins.while bacterial effectors are often directly introduced into eukaryotic target cells by various types of injection machines, toxins enter the cytosol of host cells from endosomal compartments or after retrograde transport via golgi from the er. a first crucial step of toxin-host interaction is receptor binding. using optimized protocols and new methods novel toxin receptors have been identified, including metalloprotease adam 10 for staphylococcus aureus α-toxin, laminin receptor lu/bcam for esc ...201525461573
characteristics of metroxylon sagu resistant starch type iii as prebiotic substance.resistant starch type iii (rs3 ) was produced from sago (metroxylon sagu) and evaluated for its characteristics as a prebiotic. two rs3 samples designated sago rs and hcl-sago rs contained 35.71% and 68.30% rs, respectively, were subjected to hydrolyses by gastric juice and digestive enzymes and to absorption. both sago rs and hcl-sago rs were resistant to 180 min hydrolysis by gastric acidity at ph 1 to 4 with less than 0.85% hydrolyzed. both samples were also resistant toward hydrolysis by gas ...201525739421
first detection of macrorhabdus ornithogaster in wild eurasian siskins (carduelis spinus) in germany. a case study.the colonization of the gastric ascomycetous yeast macrorhabdus (m.) ornithogaster could be associated with a chronic wasting disease in several bird species in captivity. the prevalence and clinical relevance of m. ornithogaster in wild birds is unknown in detail.201525804259
acute cholecystitis associated with infection of enterobacteriaceae from gut microbiota.acute cholecystitis (ac) is one of the most common surgical diseases. bacterial infection accounts for 50% to 85% of the disease's onset. since there is a close relationship between the biliary system and the gut, the aims of this study were to characterize and determine the influence of gut microbiota on ac, to detect the pathogenic microorganism in the biliary system, and to explore the relationship between the gut and bile microbiota of patients with ac. a total of 185 713 high-quality sequen ...201526025761
pathological and bacteriological characterization of neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology.neonatal porcine diarrhoea of uncertain aetiology has been reported from a number of countries. this study investigated 50 diarrhoeic and 19 healthy piglets from 10 affected swedish herds. the piglets were blood-sampled for analysis of serum γ-globulin and necropsied, and the intestines were sampled for histopathology and cultured for escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile. escherichia coli isolates (n = 276) were examined by pcr for virulence genes encoding lt, sta, ...201526272503
clostridium sordellii genome analysis reveals plasmid localized toxin genes encoded within pathogenicity loci.clostridium sordellii can cause severe infections in animals and humans, the latter associated with trauma, toxic shock and often-fatal gynaecological infections. strains can produce two large clostridial cytotoxins (lccs), tcsl and tcsh, related to those produced by clostridium difficile, clostridium novyi and clostridium perfringens, but the genetic basis of toxin production remains uncharacterised.201525981746
detection of pathogenic clostridia in biogas plant wastes.as the number of biogas plants has grown rapidly in the last decade, the amount of potentially contaminated wastes with pathogenic clostridium spp. has increased as well. this study reports the results from examining 203 biogas plant wastes (bgws). the following clostridium spp. with different frequencies could be isolated via a new enrichment medium (krüne medium) and detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms): clostridium perfringens ...201524984829
an unusual necrotic myositis by clostridium perfringens in a german shepherd dog: a clinical report, bacteriological and molecular identification.clostridial myositis, considered to be rare in pet animals, is an acutely fatal toxaemic condition. some species of clostridia are responsible for necrotic myositis. a 2-year-old male german shepherd dog was admitted with non-weight bearing lameness and massive swelling of the left hind limb. clostridium perfringens type a with alpha toxin was diagnosed as a pathogenic agent. based on the history, the bacteria were introduced inside the tissue via contaminated needle following intramuscular inje ...201526973773
genotyping of clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler meat in northeastern of iran.clostridium perfringens (c. perfringens) is an important cause of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. the disease is caused by c. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) encoded by cpe gene. the aim of this research was to identify the different types of c. perfringens and the presence of cpe gene in isolated bacteria from broilers' meat marketed in retail meat shops of mashhad city in northeastern of iran. after isolation of c. perfringens using conventional culture method and confirmation by specific 16 ...201526973762
claudin-4 binder c-cpe 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a mapk pathway.the c-terminal fragment of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (c-cpe) modulates the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier. it also can enhance the effectiveness of anticancer agents. however, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of c-cpe remain unclear in both normal and cancerous cells. the c-cpe mutant called c-cpe 194 binds only to claudin-4, but the c-cpe 194 mutant called c-cpe m19 binds not only to claudin-4 but also to claudin-1. in the present study, ...201527022469
roles of asp179 and glu270 in adp-ribosylation of actin by clostridium perfringens iota toxin.clostridium perfringens iota toxin is a binary toxin composed of the enzymatically active component ia and receptor binding component ib. ia is an adp-ribosyltransferase, which modifies arg177 of actin. the previously determined crystal structure of the actin-ia complex suggested involvement of asp179 of actin in the adp-ribosylation reaction. to gain more insights into the structural requirements of actin to serve as a substrate for toxin-catalyzed adp-ribosylation, we engineered saccharomyces ...201526713879
successful treatment of aortic root abscess in a patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension.continuous prostanoid infusion is an established treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension that has led to improvements in symptoms, exercise tolerance, and survival. patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) who develop sepsis frequently experience clinical and hemodynamic deterioration associated with poor outcomes. successful management of sepsis involves identification of the source of infection, early antimicrobial administration, judicious fluid resuscitation, and continuatio ...201526697181
the effect of cold stress on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks.cold stress is a physical environmental stressor with significant effect on the poultry industry. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cold stress as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. the experimental challenge model included an oral inoculation with 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of clostridium perfringens. birds were either challenged or not as described above, and eit ...201526642742
evaluation of a multiplex pcr assay for detection of cytomegalovirus in stool samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.to evaluate a multiplex pcr assay for the detection of bacterial and viral enteropathogens in stool samples from patients with ulcerative colitis (uc).201526640344
membrane-binding mechanism of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin.clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin is a key mediator of gas gangrene, which is a life-threatening infection that manifests as fever, pain, edema, myonecrosis, and gas production. alpha-toxin possesses phospholipase c and sphingomyelinase activities. the toxin is composed of an n-terminal domain (1-250 aa, n-domain), which is the catalytic site, and a c-terminal domain (251-370 aa, c-domain), which is the membrane-binding site. immunization of mice with the c-domain of alpha-toxin prevents the g ...201526633512
protection against necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens by regulated delayed lysis salmonella vaccines.necrotic enteritis (ne), caused by gram-positive clostridium perfringens type a strains, has gained more attention in the broiler industry due to governmental restrictions affecting the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in feed. to date, there is only one commercial ne vaccine available, based on the c. perfringens alpha toxin. however, recent work has suggested that the netb toxin, not alpha toxin, is the most critical virulence factor for causing ne. these findings notwithstanding, it is cle ...201526629620
microbial evaluation of sandboxes located in urban area.this paper presents the results of a study on the degree of bacteriological pollution of sandboxes situated in fenced and unfenced housing estates located in an urban area in olsztyn, poland. heterotrophic plate counts (hpc22, hpc37), enterobacteriaceae, escherichia coli, enterococcus spp., staphylococcus spp. and clostridium perfringens determined by cultivation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) methods were used as indicators of the sanitary state. their maximum number in the sand ...201525483374
evaluation of a membrane filtration method for the rapid enumeration of confirmed clostridium perfringens from water.a modification of the uk reference and iso 14189 tsca medium for the enumeration of clostridium perfringens from water coupled with a membrane filter transfer technique for testing for production of acid phosphatase was evaluated. the new tryptose cycloserine agar (tca) medium, which lacks sodium metabisulphite but contains sodium pyruvate to improve recovery, allows the isolation and confirmation of cl. perfringens within 18-24 h of sample processing. data from a multilaboratory study analysed ...201525514882
dynamic determination of kinetic parameters, computer simulation, and probabilistic analysis of growth of clostridium perfringens in cooked beef during cooling.the objective of this research was to develop a new one-step methodology that uses a dynamic approach to directly construct a tertiary model for prediction of the growth of clostridium perfringens in cooked beef. this methodology was based on simultaneous numerical analysis and optimization of both primary and secondary models using multiple dynamic growth curves obtained under different conditions. once the models were constructed, the bootstrap method was used to calculate the 95% confidence i ...201525500276
two novel membrane proteins, tcpd and tcpe, are essential for conjugative transfer of pcw3 in clostridium perfringens.the anaerobic pathogen clostridium perfringens encodes either toxin genes or antibiotic resistance determinants on a unique family of conjugative plasmids that have a novel conjugation region, the tcp locus. studies of the paradigm conjugative plasmid from c. perfringens, the 47-kb tetracycline resistance plasmid pcw3, have identified several tcp-encoded proteins that are involved in conjugative transfer and form part of the transfer apparatus. in this study, the role of the conserved hypothetic ...201525488300
interaction of clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin with biological and model membranes: a putative protein receptor in cells.epsilon-toxin (etx) is a powerful toxin produced by some strains of clostridium perfringens (classified as types b and d) that is responsible for enterotoxemia in animals. etx forms pores through the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells, consisting of a β-barrel of 14 amphipathic β-strands. etx shows a high specificity for certain cell lines, of which madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) is the first sensitive cell line identified and the most studied one. the aim of this study was to establish the r ...201525485476
inflammatory responses to a clostridium perfringens type a strain and α-toxin in primary intestinal epithelial cells of chicken embryos.the causative pathogen of necrotic enteritis is the gram-positive bacterium clostridium perfringens. its main cell wall component, peptidoglycan (pgn), can be recognized by toll-like receptor 2 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (nod). consequently, the immune response is initiated via activation of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-κb) signalling pathway. an in vitro study was conducted to investigate chicken intestinal inflammatory responses to c. perfringens type a and one of its virulenc ...201525584964
effects of dietary selenium on host response to necrotic enteritis in young broilers.the effects of dietary supplementation of young broiler chickens with an organic selenium (se) formulation, b-traxim se, on experimental necrotic enteritis (ne) were studied. chickens treated with three se doses (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/kg) from hatch were orally challenged with eimeria maxima at 14 days of age followed by clostridium perfringens to induce ne. chickens fed with 0.50 mg/kg se showed significantly increased body weights and antibody levels against netb, and significantly reduced gut l ...201525575447
four foodborne disease outbreaks caused by a new type of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens.the epidemiological and bacteriological investigations on four foodborne outbreaks caused by a new type of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens are described. c. perfringens isolated from patients of these outbreaks did not produce any known enterotoxin and did not carry the c. perfringens enterotoxin gene. however, the culture filtrates of these isolates induced the accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loop tests. the molecular weight of the new enterotoxin may be between 50,000 and 1 ...201525568432
high stocking density as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks.stocking density is a management factor which has critical implications for the poultry industry. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high stocking density as a predisposing factor in an experimental model of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. the experimental challenge model included an oral inoculation with 10-fold dose of attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and multiple oral inoculations with a specific strain of clostridium perfringens. two hundred and forty as hatc ...201525563065
clinico-pathological findings of clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxaemia in goats and its hemolytic activity in different erythrocytes.the present investigation was conducted to study the effects of experimental clostridium perfringens type d enterotoxaemia in teddy goats. clinical signs started to appear after 30 min of experimental infection like anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, frothing and dyspnea. gross lesions consisted of severe congestion in tissues of varying intensity with enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes while histological examination revealed edema of lungs, kidney, and lymph nodes and to some extent in brain along w ...201527175159
no difference in fecal levels of bacteria or short chain fatty acids in humans, when consuming fruit juice beverages containing fruit fiber, fruit polyphenols, and their combination.this study examined the effect of a boysenberry beverage (750 mg polyphenols), an apple fiber beverage (7.5 g dietary fiber), and a boysenberry plus apple fiber beverage (750 mg polyphenols plus 7.5 g dietary fiber) on gut health. twenty-five individuals completed the study. the study was a placebo-controlled crossover study, where every individual consumed 1 of the 4 treatments in turn. each treatment phase was 4-week long and was followed by a 2-week washout period. the trial beverages were 35 ...201525530011
cost-of-illness and disease burden of food-related pathogens in the netherlands, 2011.to inform risk management decisions on control and prevention of food-related disease, both the disease burden expressed in disability adjusted life years (daly) and the cost-of-illness of food-related pathogens are estimated and presented. disease burden of fourteen pathogens that can be transmitted by food, the environment, animals and humans was previously estimated by havelaar et al. (2012). in this paper we complement these by cost-of-illness estimates. together, these present a complete pi ...201525528537
parasitic gastroenteritis in lambs widespread.parasitic gastroenteritis diagnosed in lambs by all veterinary investigation centres, clostridium perfringens epsilon enterotoxaemia suspected in two cows, comparative quarterly porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome diagnoses reach a 10-year peak, failure of an entire colony of gulls in cumbria, endoparasitism the predominant feature in exotic farmed animals, these are among matters discussed in the animal and plant health agency's (apha's) disease surveillance report for september 2014.201525614548
the antimicrobial peptide sublancin ameliorates necrotic enteritis induced by clostridium perfringens in broilers.sublancin is an antimicrobial peptide produced by 168 containing 37 amino acids. the objective of this study was to investigate its inhibitory efficacy against both in vitro and in vivo. in the in vitro study, we determined that sublancin had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μm against , which was much higher than the antibiotic lincomycin (0.281 μm). scanning electron microscopy showed that sublancin damaged the morphology of . the in vivo study was conducted on broilers for a 28-d perio ...201526523568
intestinal microbiota profiles of healthy pre-school and school-age children and effects of probiotic supplementation.this study aims to establish the baseline profile of intestinal microbiota in pre-school and school-age japanese children and to investigate the effects of a probiotic on the microbiota.201526496372
Refresh
firstprev
...81828384858687
nextlast
Displaying items 8001 - 8100 of 8688