Publications

autophagy in immunity against intracellular bacteria.	autophagy is an innate immune defense mechanism against various intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium (s. typhimurium), listeria monocytogenes and shigella flexneri. s. typhimurium uses type three secretion systems (t3sss) to invade mammalian cells and replicate in salmonella-containing vacuoles (scvs). a small population of intracellular s. typhimurium is targeted by autophagy shortly after infection. evidence suggests that these bacteria are present ...	2009	19802566
spa15 of shigella flexneri is secreted through the type iii secretion system and prevents staurosporine-induced apoptosis.	shigella flexneri is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen that invades the colonic epithelium and causes bacillary dysentery. we previously demonstrated that s. flexneri inhibits staurosporine-induced apoptosis in infected epithelial cells and that a deltamxie mutant is unable to inhibit apoptosis. therefore, we hypothesized that an mxie-regulated gene was responsible for protection of epithelial cells from apoptosis. analysis of all mxie-regulated genes yielded no mutants that la ...	2009	19805534
secretory iga-mediated neutralization of shigella flexneri prevents intestinal tissue destruction by down-regulating inflammatory circuits.	shigella, a gram-negative invasive enteropathogenic bacterium responsible for bacillary dysentery, causes the rupture, invasion, and inflammatory destruction of the human colonic mucosa. we explored the mechanisms of protection mediated by shigella lps-specific secretory iga (siga), the major mucosal ab induced upon natural infection. bacteria, siga, or siga-s. flexneri immune complexes were administered into rabbit ligated intestinal loops containing a peyer's patch. after 8 h, localizations of ...	2009	19828639
effect of x-ray treatments on inoculated escherichia coli o157: h7, salmonella enterica, shigella flexneri and vibrio parahaemolyticus in ready-to-eat shrimp.	this study was conducted to evaluate the inactivation effect of x-ray treatments on escherichia coli o157: h7, salmonella enteric (s. enterica), shigella flexneri (s. flexneri) and vibrio parahaemolyticus (v. parahaemolyticus) artificially inoculated in ready-to-eat (rte) shrimp. a mixed culture of three strains of each tested pathogen was used to inoculate rte shrimp. the shrimp samples were inoculated individually with selected pathogenic bacteria then aseptically placed in sterile plastic cup ...	2009	19835772
the mannitol operon repressor mtlr belongs to a new class of transcription regulators in bacteria.	many bacteria express phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase systems (pts). the mannitol-specific pts catalyze the uptake and phosphorylation of d-mannitol. the uptake system comprises several genes encoded in the single operon. the expression of the mannitol operon is regulated by a proposed transcriptional factor, mannitol operon repressor (mtlr) that was first studied in escherichia coli. here we report the first crystal structures of mtlr from vibrio parahemeolyticus (vp-mtlr) and ...	2009	19840941
peptide sequences identified by phage display are immunodominant functional motifs of pet and pic serine proteases secreted by escherichia coli and shigella flexneri.	plasmid-encoded toxin (pet) and protein involved in colonization (pic), are serine protease autotransporters of enterobacteriaceae (spates) secreted by enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec), which display the gdsgsg sequence or the serine motif. our research was directed to localize functional sites in both proteins using the phage display method. from a 12mer linear and a 7mer cysteine-constrained (c7c) libraries displayed on the m13 phage piii protein we selected different mimotopes using ...	2009	19772881
an urban, water-borne outbreak of diarrhoea and shigellosis in a district town in eastern india.	in september 2007, the gayeshpur municipality reported a cluster of cases with diarrhoea. we aimed to identify the causative agent and the source of the disease.	2009	20334044
antibacterial and antifungal activities of some mexican medicinal plants.	in mexico about 4,000 plant species have some medicinal use. the aim of this work was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of six mexican medicinal plants against fungi and gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. methanolic extracts were prepared from the mexican medicinal plants amphypteringium adstrigens, castella tortuosa, coutarea latiflora, ibervillea sonorae, jatropha cuneata, and selaginella lepidophylla. the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the plants were determined by the ...	2009	20041800
multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis for molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of shigella flexneri.	shigella flexneri is one of the causative agents of shigellosis, a major cause of childhood mortality in developing countries. multilocus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) is a prominent subtyping method to resolve closely related bacterial isolates for investigation of disease outbreaks and provide information for establishing phylogenetic patterns among isolates. the present study aimed to develop an mlva method for s. flexneri and the vntr loci identified were tested on 242 ...	2009	20042119
the immunogenic siga enterotoxin of shigella flexneri 2a binds to hep-2 cells and induces fodrin redistribution in intoxicated epithelial cells.	we have previously shown that the enterotoxin siga which resides on the she pathogenicity island (pai) of s. flexneri 2a is an autonomously secreted serine protease capable of degrading casein. we have also demonstrated that siga is cytopathic for hep-2 cells and plays a role in the intestinal fluid accumulation associated with s. flexneri infections.	2009	20011051
[characteristics of dysentery-causing strains isolated from patients and carriers in republic of south ossetia during period of humanitarian disaster].		2009	20095424
highly sensitive detection of shigella flexneri using fluorescent silica nanoparticles.	robust signal amplification tactic is a good solution for improving detection sensitivity. unprocessed fluorophores have many limitations. here we describe an effective strategy for highly sensitive detection of bacteria by using fluorescent conjugated nanoparticles. the nanoparticles were synthesized using silica as matrix. fluorescein isothiocyanate distributed in the matrix. s. flexneri specific antibody was coated on the surface of the nanoparticles. compared to the traditional fluorescent a ...	2009	20128444
meta-analysis: appropriate tool for the integration of nursing research?		2009	2798158
levels and sources of stress in medical students.	levels of stress, as measured by the general health questionnaire, were assessed in 318 medical students in their fourth year at three british universities. mean scores were higher than those in other groups within the general population, and the estimated prevalence of emotional disturbance was 31.2%, a proportion similar to that reported in medical students in the united states. there were no differences in prevalence or in mean scores of stress between the sexes. twelve (4%) students reported ...	2009	3085772
evaluation of the first 60 cases of poly hema posterior chamber lenses implanted in the sulcus.	flexible lenses allow folding and inserting through a small incision. using faulkner's forceps, 60 hydrogel lenses were implanted in the sulcus through a 3.5 mm pocket incision following phacoemulsification. mean follow-up was six months. the lens was suitable for the procedure when it was properly handled. when it was not, untimely unfolding or tears occurred, necessitating prolonged maneuvering in the eye or sometimes replacement of the lens which caused increased trauma. though functional res ...	2009	2659769
[a case of immediate fertility restoration following childbirth].	we report an unwanted pregnancy following immediately after fulltime childbirth. we could not find previous reports of this nature in international literature. women who give bottle-feeding are even more liable to early return of ovulatory cycles than women who give breastfeeding. if a puerpera has vaginal bleeding (not lochia), there is an increased risk of ovulation as well as of endometritis. it is no longer acceptable to take impossibility to conceive immediately after delivery for granted: ...	2009	2654662
31p-nmr study on intracellular energy transport in muscle.		2009	2798486
31p-nmr study on intracellular energy transport in muscle.		2009	2798486
early clinical results of the ttap acetabular cup.	one hundred seventy-five threaded titanium alloy prostheses (ttap) acetabular cups and 125 cemented cups were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 1 to 3 years postoperatively. the series was statistically different in that there were more women in the cemented group than in the non-cemented group (p less than .001). the cemented group was also older than the threaded group (p less than .001). pain, ambulation, function, range of motion, and roentgenograms were evaluated in all patients. ...	2009	2798250
early clinical results of the ttap acetabular cup.	one hundred seventy-five threaded titanium alloy prostheses (ttap) acetabular cups and 125 cemented cups were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 1 to 3 years postoperatively. the series was statistically different in that there were more women in the cemented group than in the non-cemented group (p less than .001). the cemented group was also older than the threaded group (p less than .001). pain, ambulation, function, range of motion, and roentgenograms were evaluated in all patients. ...	2009	2798250
the effect of genetic counseling on performance of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis.	currently the number of pregnant women who have indications for, but do not receive, prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis is increasing. the purpose of this study was to review the prenatal cytogenetic services and to analyze the effect of genetic counseling on performance of the prenatal cytogenetic test. from january 1987 to july 1988, there were 2,796 deliveries at severance hospital, yonsei medical center, of which 126 patients had indications for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. chromosomal abnorm ...	2009	2741471
neonatal hypertension.		2009	2698384
failla memorial lecture. the search for critical cellular targets damaged by heat.		2009	2694212
[long ureteral polyp: a case report].	a case of long ureteral polyp is presented. the patient was a 62-year-old woman complaining of asymptomatic macrohematuria. radiological examinations revealed ureteral tumor. a tumor was found with cystoendoscopy, and by transurethral biopsy in bladder the tumor was not malignant. polypectomy was performed. the tumor removed was fibrous polyp measuring about 8 cm in length.	2009	2801413
cross cultural experience in jamaica.		2009	2704251
diagnostic and therapeutic technology assessment (datta). noninvasive electrical stimulation for nonunited bone fracture.		2009	2783614
reliability and validity of expected outcomes and barriers for habitual physical activity.	we conducted two studies to examine the reliability and validity of self-report scales for assessing outcome-expectancy values and perceived barriers for participating in regular physical activity. in study one with college students (n = 243), independent and reliable psychometric factors were identified as outcome-expectancy values (psychologic, body image, and health) and perceived barriers (time, effort, and obstacles). alpha internal consistency coefficients ranged from .47 to .78, and test- ...	2009	2786559
sleep apnea in alzheimer's disease.	mental deterioration accompanying sleep apnea has been noted frequently. because sleep apnea increases with age, such deficits raise the possibility that dementia in the elderly could be related to sleep apnea. in this study we investigated this possibility cross-sectionally by comparing respiration during sleep in 28 patients with alzheimer's disease (ad) and 25 nondemented controls. we hypothesized that higher levels of sleep apnea would be present in ad patients. our results indicated no sign ...	2009	2812195
sleep apnea in alzheimer's disease.	mental deterioration accompanying sleep apnea has been noted frequently. because sleep apnea increases with age, such deficits raise the possibility that dementia in the elderly could be related to sleep apnea. in this study we investigated this possibility cross-sectionally by comparing respiration during sleep in 28 patients with alzheimer's disease (ad) and 25 nondemented controls. we hypothesized that higher levels of sleep apnea would be present in ad patients. our results indicated no sign ...	2009	2812195
[intraoperative monitoring of cerebral function and carotid hemodynamics during carotid endarterectomy].	the authors investigated the hemodynamics and monitored the cerebral function to perform the carotid endarterectomy (cea) safely. the hemodynamics were investigated by measurements of carotid arterial blood flow by an electromagnetic flow meter before and after cea. and a doppler flow meter applied directly to the carotid arteries to analyze the flow parameters such as peak frequencies (pf), mean frequencies (mf), mode frequencies (mo f) and % window. we used routinely our specially designed shu ...	2009	2812257
[intraoperative monitoring of cerebral function and carotid hemodynamics during carotid endarterectomy].	the authors investigated the hemodynamics and monitored the cerebral function to perform the carotid endarterectomy (cea) safely. the hemodynamics were investigated by measurements of carotid arterial blood flow by an electromagnetic flow meter before and after cea. and a doppler flow meter applied directly to the carotid arteries to analyze the flow parameters such as peak frequencies (pf), mean frequencies (mf), mode frequencies (mo f) and % window. we used routinely our specially designed shu ...	2009	2812257
breast volume measurement of 598 women using biostereometric analysis.	a study of the volumes of the right and left breasts of 598 subjects was undertaken using biostereometric analysis. this measurement uses close-range stereophotogrammetry to characterize the shape of the breast, and is noncontact, noninvasive, accurate, and rapid with respect to the subject involvement time. using chi-square tests, volumes and volumetric differences between breast pairs were compared with handedness, perception of breast size by each subject, age, and menstrual status. no signif ...	2009	2729845
[on classification and symptomatology of hypochondriasis].		2009	2772066
parenteral gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a treatment whose time has gone.		2009	2681757
nail changes associated with systemic disease and vascular insufficiency.	in some cases, nail changes may not only be the presenting sign of systemic disease, but a sensitive indicator of treatment efficacy as well. awareness of nail dystrophies and their association with underlying pathology can aid the practitioner in the diagnosis and management of the podiatric patient.	2009	2650842
how accurate are faculty evaluations of clinical competence?	to determine the degree and sources of variability faculty evaluations of residents for the american board of internal medicine (abim) clinical evaluation exercise (cex).	2009	2723833
small-molecule type iii secretion system inhibitors block assembly of the shigella type iii secreton.	type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are essential virulence devices for many gram-negative bacteria that are pathogenic for plants, animals, and humans. they serve to translocate virulence effector proteins directly into eukaryotic host cells. t3sss are composed of a large cytoplasmic bulb and a transmembrane region into which a needle is embedded, protruding above the bacterial surface. the emerging antibiotic resistance of bacterial pathogens urges the development of novel strategies to fight b ...	2009	18996990
tlr4 and myd88 control protection and pulmonary granulocytic recruitment in a murine intranasal rsv immunization and challenge model.	an intranasal vaccine composed of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) ligand neisseria meningitidis outer membrane proteins and toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4) ligand shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide (lps) (protollin) and enriched respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) proteins (ersv) has been demonstrated to promote balanced th1/th2 responses without eosinophil recruitment and to protect against challenge in mouse models. we used tlr2, tlr4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88) knock-out (-/-) mice ...	2009	19013492
mxic is secreted by and controls the substrate specificity of the shigella flexneri type iii secretion apparatus.	many gram-negative pathogenic bacteria use a type iii secretion (t3s) system to interact with cells of their hosts. mechanisms controlling the hierarchical addressing of needle subunits, translocators and effectors to the t3s apparatus (t3sa) are still poorly understood. we investigated the function of mxic, the member of the yopn/inve/sepl family in the shigella flexneri t3s system. inactivation of mxic led specifically to a deregulated secretion of effectors (including ipaa, ipgd, icsb, ipgb2, ...	2009	19017268
shigella flexneri type iii secretion system effectors ospb and ospf target the nucleus to downregulate the host inflammatory response via interactions with retinoblastoma protein.	ospf, ospg and ipah(9.8) are type iii secretion system (t3ss) effectors of shigella flexneri that downregulate the host innate immune response. ospf modifies mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways and polymorphonuclear leucocyte transepithelial migration associated with shigella invasion. ospf also localizes in the nucleus to mediate chromatin remodelling, resulting in reduced transcription of inflammatory cytokines. we now report that ospb can be added to the set of s. flexneri t3ss effector ...	2009	19017275
antigen-specific b memory cell responses to lipopolysaccharide (lps) and invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) b elicited in volunteers vaccinated with live-attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidates.	we evaluated b memory responses in healthy adult volunteers who received one oral dose of live-attenuated shigella flexneri 2a vaccine. lps-specific b(m) cells increased from a median of 0 at baseline to 20 spot forming cells (sfc)/10(6) expanded cells following vaccination (p=0.008). a strong correlation was found between post-vaccination anti-lps b(m) cell counts and peak serum anti-lps igg titers (rs=0.95, p=0.0003). increases in b(m) specific for ipab approaching significance were also obser ...	2009	19022324
interaction of enteric bacterial pathogens with murine embryonic stem cells.	embryonic stem (es) cells are susceptible to genetic manipulation and retain the potential to differentiate into diverse cell types, which are factors that make them potentially attractive cells for studying host-pathogen interactions. murine es cells were found to be susceptible to invasion by salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and shigella flexneri and to the formation of attaching and effacing lesions by enteropathogenic escherichia coli. s. enterica serovar typhimurium and s. flexneri c ...	2009	19029302
nlrc4/ipaf: a card carrying member of the nlr family.	the nod-like receptor (nlr) family of proteins is involved in the regulation of innate immune responses and cell death pathways. recent findings show that the nlr family member nlrc4 (also known as ipaf) has important roles in innate immune responses to gram-negative bacteria. macrophages infected with legionella pneumophila, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, or pseudomonas aeruginosa activate caspase-1 in an nlrc4-dependent manner leading to macrophage cell death and the release of pro ...	2009	18819842
metal based isatin-derived sulfonamides: their synthesis, characterization, coordination behavior and biological activity.	some isatin derived sulfonamides and their transition metal [co(ii), cu(ii), ni(ii), zn(ii)] complexes have been synthesized and characterized. the structure of synthesized compounds and their nature of bonding have been inferred on the basis of their physical (magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements), analytical (elemental analyses) and spectral (ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr) properties. an octahedral geometry has been suggested for co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) and square-planar for cu ...	2009	18825557
reduction in infection risk through treatment of microbially contaminated surfaces with a novel, portable, saturated steam vapor disinfection system.	surface-mediated infectious disease transmission is a major concern in various settings, including schools, hospitals, and food-processing facilities. chemical disinfectants are frequently used to reduce contamination, but many pose significant risks to humans, surfaces, and the environment, and all must be properly applied in strict accordance with label instructions to be effective. this study set out to determine the capability of a novel chemical-free, saturated steam vapor disinfection syst ...	2009	18834748
an empirical evaluation of a model geropsychiatric nursing home.		2009	3428627
an empirical evaluation of a model geropsychiatric nursing home.		2009	3428627
[evaluation of lung scintigraphy using n-isopropyl-p-[123i]-iodoamphetamine].	n-isopropyl-p-[123i]-iodoamphetamine (123i-imp) was examined for its relevancy as a labeling medium of lung scintigraphy in 30 patients with lung diseases and 20 healthy subjects. lung diseases were classified into carcinoma and diffuse lung disease, and the all subjects with normal lung were classified into smokers and nonsmokers. to assess the reduction curve of 123i-imp, mean transit time was calculated. forced spirography was performed and spirographic values were analyzed. spirographic para ...	2009	2770041
wholly life: a new perspective on death.	when caring for the dying, the holistic nurse must be cognizant of many factors involved in this extraordinary process. many of these factors, including the phenomena of the fear of death, the influences that cause it, and the behavior associated with it, have been discussed in this article. this article presented a new perspective of death in the light of recent discoveries in quantum physics. the concepts of one-ness, self-awareness, and love, together with their relevance to the nurse, have b ...	2009	2745580
radiological nomenclature in benign breast change. breast group of the royal college of radiologists.		2009	2758745
management of asthma: a consensus statement.	in developing these international guidelines there were several unifying themes in the diagnosis and simple management of childhood asthma. for the purposes of the meeting, asthma was operationally defined as 'episodic wheeze and/or cough in a clinical setting where asthma is likely and other rarer conditions have been excluded'. in making a diagnosis of asthma, a full history is a prerequisite. additional tests are only used to support clinical impression and to provide objective evidence for t ...	2009	2698121
complications of cardiac catheterization and angiography in patients with valvular heart disease. va cooperative study on valvular heart disease.	complications were surveyed prospectively in 2,029 catheterizations performed on 1,483 patients from the 13 centers participating in the va cooperative study on valvular heart disease. complications were reported in 6.9% of 1,559 preoperative procedures of which 2.6% were major and 0.2% fatal. clinical predictors of complications were hypertension and the precatheterization diagnosis of aortic stenosis. nevertheless, patients with aortic stenosis successfully tolerated left ventriculography, whi ...	2009	2720763
lumen-side topography of the alpha-subunit of the chloroplast cytochrome b-559.	removal of the extrinsic 33 kda polypeptide increased the accessibility to trypsin of a cooh-terminal tridecapeptide epitope of the alpha subunit of cytochrome b-559 (psbe gene product). the sensitivity of the cytochrome epitope to trypsin was not measurably affected by removal of the 16 and 23 kda extrinsic polypeptides, nor increased by removal of the oec manganese along with the 33 kda protein. while protecting alpha-cytochrome b-559 against trypsin, the 33 kda protein is also proteolyzed, su ...	2009	2689226
adverse effects of amiodarone. pathogenesis, incidence and management.	amiodarone is an extremely effective antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of both life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias and refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. subjective minor side effects are common with amiodarone but rarely require discontinuation of therapy and are often handled by dose reduction. serious end-organ toxicity, including pulmonary fibrosis and drug-induced hepatitis, have been the most common indications for discontinuing amiodarone therapy in these patients.	2009	2671595
emergency medicine in the third world: two years as director of the kingston, jamaica, public hospital casualty department.	a us emergency physician worked for two years as director of a busy emergency department in a large public hospital in kingston, jamaica (west indies). as expected, medical practice in the third world required caring for patients with far less than he was accustomed to in the way of diagnostic and therapeutic resources. however, more than one lesson in clinical medicine was provided by local approaches to local problems. despite resource limitations, innovations and improvements were effected, p ...	2009	2719369
detection and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.	the diagnosis of gerd requires the thoughtful evaluation of a patient's symptoms and clinical course. in young patients with classical reflux symptoms in the absence of untoward complications such as structure, bleeding or pulmonary aspiration, antireflux treatment can be instituted without the need for diagnostic testing. a large number of patients will demonstrate a good clinical response to medical therapy. the diagnostic challenge arises when symptoms of reflux masquerade as cardiac and pulm ...	2009	2668171
[demands for quality and planning standards for model casting].		2009	2697127
new technology in infant hearing screening.	early identification of hearing loss is critical in enhancing auditory and language skills in the hearing-impaired infant. various strategies for infant hearing screening are discussed. the current status of technology for screening, including auditory brainstem response audiometry, is also discussed.	2009	2649858
[studies on urinary c-peptide excretion in normal children and children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus].	in 115 normal children (3 to 14 years old) and 143 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (6 to 15 years old), the urinary c-peptide immunoreactivity) was measured for evaluation of the pancreatic b cell function. the urinary c-peptide excretions during o-gtt corresponded to the change of serum c-peptide levels in normal children (n = 27) and the mean value of the excretions in younger children was significantly low. age did not significantly affect basal serum c-peptide levels (ng/ml ...	2009	2659621
gallbladder perforation seen on hepatobiliary imaging following morphine sulfate injection.	a case of gallbladder perforation imaged during morphine-augmented cholescintigraphy is presented. tc-99m disida imaging dramatically demonstrated the bile leak. whether morphine sulfate contributed to the perforation of the gallbladder is debatable.	2009	2791419
memory deficit caused by compressed air equivalent to 36 meters of seawater.	twenty-four students from a diving school undertook a hyperbaric chamber dive to a pressure equal to 36 m of seawater. tests of cognitive function and manual dexterity, performed in the chamber during the 35-min bottom time and before, or after, the dive included immediate and delayed free recall of words presented as 7 lists of 15 each, recognition of previously presented words, number identification, and a forceps pickup of ball bearings. delayed free recall and immediate free recall (primacy ...	2009	2737993
[computed tomography in the diagnosis of isolated bone metastases and its influence in therapy planning].	in a collective of 70 patients with bone metastases the importance of ct for detection and extension diagnosis is shown. in 53% ct proved the scintigraphic and/or roentgenologic suspicion. in 30% ct gave more information than scintigraphy and plain radiography, but without any influence in the treatment. in 17% only ct gave such important information, that the planned treatment must be changed. the results led to the conclusion, that ct can be important for the optimization of radiological treat ...	2009	2748800
who are borderline patients?	"borderline" is a term used with increasing frequency to describe certain difficult patients. it refers to a heterogeneous population of patients who tend to get involved in impaired doctor-patient relationships. different areas of psychiatry have their own, often conflicting definitions of these disorders. early trauma, neglect and genetic diatheses to axis i disorders commonly occur in the backgrounds of these patients. most have a combination of factors. with the multiple different definition ...	2009	2688086
morphogen gradients and the control of body pattern in insect embryos.	the basic body plan of insects is set up in response to determinants initially localized at the anterior and posterior poles of the egg. early in development, these determinants give rise to a series of morphogen gradients which in turn trigger a cascade of molecular signals determining the body pattern. this signalling process is outlined and recent experiments testing the roles of these gradient systems in determining anterior and posterior pattern are described. the results of these experimen ...	2009	2673685
letter: comments on scabies.		2009	4852728
promising drug combination for sickle cell anemia.		2009	2716139
45 years ago--the pioneer health centre, peckham.		2009	2681768
erythropoietin and chronic renal failure.		2009	2771635
decreased cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin administered by continuous intravenous infusion in combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma.	two hundred and seventy-four consecutive patients with measurable metastatic breast cancer, without prior exposure to cytotoxic agents were treated with tamoxifen, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (fac). the initial 133 patients received doxorubicin by bolus iv administration and for the next group of 141 patients doxorubicin was administered via a central venous catheter over a 48-hour (79 patients) or 96-hour (62 patients) continuous infusion schedule. patients treated with bo ...	2009	2910423
[hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma].	a case is presented of a 10-year-old female twin with a cystic liver mass that debuted as a painless epigastric mass. the lesion was excised by hepatectomy of segments ii and iii, confirming in the review of the cavity the presence of a common mesentery with cecocolonic malposition. the postoperative course was normal and clinical and echographic study of her twin sister disclosed no anomalies. the anatomopathologic study of the lesion revealed a tumor of difficult filiation that presented featu ...	2009	2652212
arthropathy of the wrist in leprosy--what changes are caused by long-standing peripheral nerve palsy?	a radiographical screening study of 338 leprotic patients was performed. clinically, according to a nerve score (ns) designed by us, 12.9% of 674 hands showed mild nerve palsy (ns 5 or 6), 75.9% moderate (ns 3 or 4), and 11.4% severe (ns less than 2). twenty-nine hands of 26 patients (ns 4.2 on average) demonstrated abnormal changes of the wrist joint on radiographs. we classified them into four groups: (a) lunate collapse (four patients), (b) scaphoid nonunion (eight), (c) scaphoid cyst (three) ...	2009	2774872
more assured in-the-bag placement of c-loop posterior chamber intraocular lenses.	a bimanual technique for inserting c-loop intraocular lenses using a lens haptic loop to guide the superior lens haptic into the capsular bag is presented. the technique eliminates several shortcomings of conventional techniques, allowing more assured in-the-bag placements of c-loop intraocular lenses.	2009	2748081
advanced primary ovarian carcinoma in pregnancy.	a case of advanced ovarian carcinoma in pregnancy is described. the entity is usually difficult to diagnose; when it does occur, the objective should be to optimize both fetal and maternal outcome.	2009	2729395
[psychiatric activity is always aggressive].		2009	2770234
hydroxychloroquine overdosage.		2009	2716004
complications of acute pancreatitis.	in 1925, sir berkeley moynihan stated that "acute pancreatitis is the most terrible of all the calamities that occur in connection with the abdominal viscera." the case of m.h. clearly reflects the accuracy of that statement. it should be pointed out that through the exceptional, dedicated care provided by all members of the health care team, a young woman whose predicted mortality approached 100 percent was restored to her previous state of good health, and has since delivered a healthy baby gi ...	2009	2684542
effect of a high-fat meal on the bioavailability of a polymer-coated erythromycin particle tablet formulation.	the effect of food on the relative bioavailability of an erythromycin particles-in-tablet formulation was studied in 27 healthy volunteers, using a four-way, crossover study design with the following treatments: one or two erythromycin capsules usp (eryc, parke-davis), or one polymer-coated erythromycin particles-in-tablet (pce, abbott) administered fasting or with a high-fat meal. under fasting conditions the erythromycin particles-in-tablet and erythromycin capsule formulations are bioequivale ...	2009	2708552
is cancer adaptation gone awry?		2009	2746821
spinal cord compression by unusual epidural air accumulation after continuous epidural analgesia.		2009	2773752
antihypertensive therapy: newer concepts and agents.	major advances have taken place in recent years with respect to our understanding of hypertensive diseases, the mechanisms of action of other therapeutic agents, and the introduction of new classes of drugs. standard therapy today uses the basic of employing nonpharmacological modalities. thereafter a stepped-care program with pharmacological entities has been advocated using diuretic, antiadrenergic, and vasodilating agents. however, new modes of action have been introduced therapeutically duri ...	2009	2866842
on suicide statistics.	the classical methodological problem of suicidology is reliability of official statistics. in this article, some recent contributions to the debate, particularly concerning the increased problem of suicide among inuit, are reviewed. secondly the suicide statistics of greenland are analyzed, with the conclusion that the official statistics, as published by the danish board of health, are generally reliable concerning greenland.	2009	2789569
emotion socialization and expressive development in preterm and full-term infants.	the expressive behaviors of full-term and preterm infants and their mothers were examined during face-to-face interaction when the infants were approximately 2 1/2, 5, and 7 1/2 months old. videotapes of the sessions were coded on a second-to-second basis using izard's discrete emotion coding system. overall, infants showed a linear increase in positive effect, especially interest and joy, and a corresponding decrease in negative affect, especially pain and knit brow, with age; decrease in negat ...	2009	3956316
nonunion of intercondylar eminence fracture of the tibia.	an unusual case of symptomatic nonunion of an intercondylar eminence fracture in an adult is presented. the nonunion was successfully treated using internal fixation and bone grafting.	2009	3290508
clinical significance of the immunological tests in rheumatoid arthritis.	of the many theoretical causes of rheumatoid arthritis(ra), the most widely held theory is the autoimmune mechanism. in order to clarify the clinical significance of the immunological tests in ra, we studied immunoglobulin and complement levels in sera and synovial fluids of 118 ra patients and the following results were obtained. 1) the levels of immunoglobulins were elevated in both serum and synovial fluid and this was more prominent in the seropositive cases than the seronegative ones. 2) th ...	2009	2741472
evaluation of coronary arterial fistula by color-coded doppler echocardiography.		2009	2782263
[cyclophosphamide-induced pneumonitis].	pneumotoxicity of cyclophosphamide is a rare complication of chemotherapy with this drug. 28 cases have so far been reported in world literature. we add one case in whom lung changes had appeared subacutely, after a single dose of cyclophosphamide, and were reversed by corticoids.	2009	2836905
[investigation of various risk factors associated with colorectal cancer by studying cases and controls].	a retrospective study was made of cases of colorectal cancer and controls using 571 cases from various hospitals in valencia (spain) and 1,497 controls from the general population with similar sex, age and residence. the relative risks (rr) and levels of statistical significance of various "risk factors" presumably linked to this cancer were calculated. it was associated with: smoking, the quetelet index (which relates weight and height), chronic constipation and, possibly, sedentary life style, ...	2009	2740568
gastroparesis following traumatic brain injury and response to metoclopramide therapy.	most studies on nutrition in patients with traumatic brain injury (tbi) have focused on the hypermetabolic state immediately after trauma, or the swallowing disorders that frequently follow acute tbi. a less well-known sequela, however, is gastroparesis, which generally manifests itself when patients have advanced from nasogastric to oral feeding programs. case histories of four patients are reported, all of whom responded to therapeutic intervention with metoclopramide. results of a radionuclid ...	2009	2742474
dna polymerase i (klenow fragment): role of the structure and length of a template in enzyme recognition.	the values of kd and gibbs energy (delta g degrees) have been measured for complexes of the template site of dna polymerase i klenow fragment with the homo-oligonucleotides d(pc)n, d(pt)n, and d(pa)n and hetero-oligonucleotides of various structures and lengths. these parameters were evaluated from the protective effect of the oligonucleotide on enzyme inactivation by the affinity reagents d(tp)2c[pt2+ (nh3)2oh](pt)7 and d[(tp2)c(pt2+(nh3)2oh)p]3t of the template site. the present results and pr ...	2009	2721684
latvian dentists in the 1990s: a born-again profession?		2009	2679989
training inspiratory resistance in duchenne dystrophy using adapted computer games.	computer games were modified to encourage respiratory effort by two groups of patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy. one group trained during the first six months of the study, the other during the second six months. inspiratory effort was increased by their having to breathe through a mask to both start and continue the games. pulmonary function tests were done at the beginning of the trial and six, 12 and 18 months later, when forced vital capacity, respiratory muscle endurance and strengt ...	2009	2806735
training inspiratory resistance in duchenne dystrophy using adapted computer games.	computer games were modified to encourage respiratory effort by two groups of patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy. one group trained during the first six months of the study, the other during the second six months. inspiratory effort was increased by their having to breathe through a mask to both start and continue the games. pulmonary function tests were done at the beginning of the trial and six, 12 and 18 months later, when forced vital capacity, respiratory muscle endurance and strengt ...	2009	2806735
spontaneous expulsion of a large submucosal colonic lipoma.		2009	2810300
"a few bad apples?".		2009	2812134
"a few bad apples?".		2009	2812134
neuroprostheses in the management of incontinence in children.		2009	2788362
genetics and alzheimer's disease: notes of an environment watcher (with apologies to l. thomas).	support has recently been voiced for the genetic hypothesis of alzheimer's disease; frequently at the expense of considerations of environmental factors. in the adult, genetic diseases rarely exist without modification by environment forces. atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction may provide a useful model to consider genetic and environmental factors in alzheimer's disease. familial hypercholesterolemia produces a premature inherited form of myocardial infarction, whereas, atheroscler ...	2009	2812210
genetics and alzheimer's disease: notes of an environment watcher (with apologies to l. thomas).	support has recently been voiced for the genetic hypothesis of alzheimer's disease; frequently at the expense of considerations of environmental factors. in the adult, genetic diseases rarely exist without modification by environment forces. atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction may provide a useful model to consider genetic and environmental factors in alzheimer's disease. familial hypercholesterolemia produces a premature inherited form of myocardial infarction, whereas, atheroscler ...	2009	2812210
individual knowledge of emotions in asthmatic children.		2009	3404488
individual knowledge of emotions in asthmatic children.		2009	3404488