Publications

molecular evidence for zoonotic transmission of an emergent highly pathogenic campylobacter jejuni clone in the united states.	campylobacter jejuni is a major zoonotic pathogen. a highly virulent, tetracycline-resistant c. jejuni clone (named clone sa) has recently emerged in ruminant reservoirs and become the predominant cause of sheep abortion in the u.s. to determine whether clone sa is associated with human disease, we compared the clinical isolates of clone sa from sheep abortions with the human isolates of the pulsenet national campylobacter databases at cdc and fda using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge), m ...	2011	22189122
in vitro reconstruction of the chain termination reaction in biosynthesis of the escherichia coli o9a o-polysaccharide: the chain-length regulator, wbdd, catalyzes the addition of methyl phosphate to the non-reducing terminus of the growing glycan.	the escherichia coli o9a o-polysaccharide (o-ps) represents a model system for glycan biosynthesis and export by the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter-dependent pathway. the polymannose o9a o-ps is synthesized using an undecaprenol-diphosphate-linked acceptor by mannosyltransferases located at the cytoplasmic membrane. an abc-transporter subsequently exports the polymer to the periplasm where it is assembled onto lipopolysaccharide prior to translocation to the cell surface. the chain lengt ...	2011	21990359
ligand-induced conformational changes within a hexameric acyl-coa thioesterase.	acyl-coenzyme a (acyl-coa) thioesterases play a crucial role in the metabolism of activated fatty acids, coenzyme a, and other metabolic precursor molecules including arachidonic acid and palmitic acid. these enzymes hydrolyze coenzyme a from acyl-coa esters to mediate a range of cellular functions including β-oxidation, lipid biosynthesis, and signal transduction. here, we present the crystal structure of a hexameric hot-dog domain-containing acyl-coa thioesterase from bacillus halodurans in th ...	2011	21849495
fate and survival of campylobacter coli in swine manure at various temperatures.	campylobacter coli is the most common campylobacter species found in pig (95%), but the ability of this bacterium to survive in swine manure as well as the potential for causing human illness are poorly understood. we present here laboratory-scale experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on the survival of c. coli in spiked swine manure samples at temperatures from 4 to 52°c. the survival of c. coli during storage for 30 days was studied by three different methods: bacterial culture ...	2011	22207868
clinical significance of erythromycin-resistant campylobacter jejuni in children.	campylobacter has been recognized as the common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in many countries. increasing erythromycin resistance in campylobacter jejuni infection is noted recently, but severe case was rarely reported. in this study, we aimed to clarify the clinical significance of the resistant strain of c jejuni in children. we reviewed the charts of children who were diagnosed with c jejuni enteritis in our hospital from january 2000 to december 2005, including 326 patients (117 males ...	2011	21531355
a missing enzyme in thiamin thiazole biosynthesis: identification of teni as a thiazole tautomerase.	in many bacteria teni is found clustered with genes involved in thiamin thiazole biosynthesis. however, while teni shows high sequence similarity with thiamin phosphate synthase, the purified protein has no thiamin phosphate synthase activity, and the role of this enzyme in thiamin biosynthesis remains unknown. in this contribution, we identify the function of teni as a thiazole tautomerase, describe the structure of the enzyme complexed with its reaction product, identify the substrates phospha ...	2011	21534620
applications of pcr (real-time and masstag) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in diagnosis of respiratory infections and diarrheal illness among deployed u.s. military personnel during exercise balikatan 2009, philippines.	laboratory-based surveillance for diarrheal and respiratory illness was conducted at the 2009 republic of the philippines-united states balikatan exercise to determine the presence of specific pathogens endemic in the locations where the military exercises were conducted. ten stool and 6 respiratory specimens were obtained from individuals meeting case definitions for diarrhea or respiratory illness. stool specimens were frozen in dry ice and remotely tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent ass ...	2011	22128641
prevalence of selected bacterial and parasitic agents in feces from diarrheic and healthy control cats from northern california.	background: bacterial and parasitic agents are commonly implicated as causes of diarrhea in cats, but there is a paucity of information evaluating epidemiological and prevalence factors associated with most of these organisms in cats. objectives: determine the prevalence of selected enteropathogens in diarrheic and nondiarrheic cats. animals: a total of 219 diarrheic and 54 nondiarrheic cats. methods: prospective study. fresh fecal specimens were submitted for centrifugation flotation, culture, ...	2011	22182203
hla-dr3 restricted t cell epitope mimicry in induction of autoimmune response to lupus-associated antigen smd.	although systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) is a multigenic autoimmune disorder, hla-d is the most dominant genetic susceptibility locus. this study was undertaken to investigate the hypothesis that microbial peptides bind hla-dr3 and activate t cells reactive with lupus autoantigens. using hla-dr3 transgenic mice and lupus-associated autoantigen smd protein, smd(79-93) was identified to contain a dominant hla-dr3 restricted t cell epitope. this t cell epitope was characterized by using a t-t hy ...	2011	21868195
helicobacter pylori relies primarily on the purine salvage pathway for purine nucleotide biosynthesis.	helicobacter pylori is a chronic colonizer of the gastric epithelium and plays a major role in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. in its co-evolution with humans, a streamlining of the h. pylori genome has resulted in a significant reduction in metabolic pathways, one being purine nucleotide biosynthesis. bioinformatic analysis revealed that h. pylori lacks the enzymatic machinery for de novo production of inosine monophosphate (imp), the first purine nucleot ...	2011	22194455
sequencing of cjie1 prophages from campylobacter jejuni isolates reveals the presence of inserted and (or) deleted genes.	bacteriophages capable of integrating into host bacterial genomes as prophages affect the biology and virulence of their bacterial hosts. previously, partial sequencing of 12 prophages similar to cjie1 from campylobacter jejuni rm1221 did not show the presence of inserted nonphage genes. therefore, four of these prophages were sequenced completely, and indels were found in at least two different regions of the prophage genome. putative proteins from one indel appeared to be members of two new fa ...	2011	21939376
[detection of antibodies to campylobacter jejuni in pediatrics patients with gullain-barré syndrome using different antigen preparations].	diagnosis of previous c. jejuni infections in gbs patients are mostly based on serological findings. however, there are not consensus what kind of antigen should be used in the serological assays. in our study we used elisa with four different antigen preparations for investigation of specific antibodies to c. jejuni in serum samples obtained from 6 children with gbs. in all patients the high level of iga and igg antibodies to lps were diagnosed. the antibodies in particular classes of immunoglo ...	2011	22184920
occurrence of putative virulence genes in arcobacter species isolated from humans and animals.	interest for arcobacters in veterinary and human public health has increased since the first report of the isolation of arcobacters from food of animal origin. since then, studies worldwide have reported the occurrence of arcobacters on food and in food-production animals and have highlighted the possible transmission of especially a. butzleri to the human population. in humans, arcobacters are associated with enteritis and septicemia. to assess their clinical relevance for humans and animals, e ...	2011	22170914
contribution of tat system translocated phox to campylobacter jejuni phosphate metabolism and resilience to environmental stresses.	campylobacter jejuni is a common gastrointestinal pathogen that colonizes food animals; it is transmitted via fecal contamination of food, and infections in immune-compromised people are more likely to result in serious long-term illness. environmental phosphate is likely an important sensor of environmental fitness and the ability to obtain extracellular phosphate is central to the bacteria's core metabolic responses. phox is the sole alkaline phosphatase in c. jejuni, a substrate of the tat tr ...	2011	22028859
development and stability of bacteriocin resistance in campylobacter spp.	several bacteriocins (bcns) that were identified from chicken commensal bacteria dramatically reduced campylobacter colonization in poultry and are being directed toward on-farm control of this important foodborne human pathogen. a recent study has shown that bcn resistance in campylobacter jejuni is very difficult to develop in vitro. in this study, in vivo development and stability of bcn resistance in campylobacter was examined.	2011	21973216
fate of pathogens in a simulated bioreduction system for livestock carcasses.	the eu animal by-products regulations generated the need for novel methods of storage and disposal of dead livestock. bioreduction prior to rendering or incineration has been proposed as a practical and potentially cost-effective method; however, its biosecurity characteristics need to be elucidated. to address this, salmonella enterica (serovars senftenberg and poona), enterococcus faecalis, campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and a lux-marked strain of escherichia coli o157 were inoculate ...	2011	22119516
characterization and scope of s-layer protein o-glycosylation in tannerella forsythia.	cell surface glycosylation is an important element in defining the life of pathogenic bacteria. tannerella forsythia is a gram-negative, anaerobic periodontal pathogen inhabiting the subgingival plaque biofilms. it is completely covered by a two-dimensional crystalline surface layer (s-layer) composed of two glycoproteins. although the s-layer has previously been shown to delay the bacterium's recognition by the innate immune system, we characterize here the s-layer protein o-glycosylation as a ...	2011	21911490
emerging dynamics of human campylobacteriosis in southern ireland.	infections with campylobacter spp. pose a significant health burden worldwide. the significance of campylobacter jejuni/campylobacter coli infection is well appreciated but the contribution of non-c. jejuni/c. coli spp. to human gastroenteritis is largely unknown. in this study, we employed a two-tiered molecular study on 7194 patient faecal samples received by the microbiology department in cork university hospital during 2009. the first step, using entericbio(®) (serosep), a multiplex pcr syst ...	2011	22077228
campylobacter populations in wild and domesticated mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos).	identifying the campylobacter genotypes that colonize farmed and wild ducks will help to assess the proportion of human disease that is potentially attributable to the consumption of duck meat and environmental exposure to duck faeces. comparison of temporally and geographically matched farmed and wild ducks showed that they had different campylobacter populations in terms of: (i) prevalence, (ii) campylobacter species and (iii) diversity of genotypes. furthermore, 92.4% of campylobacter isolate ...	2011	22164198
A phylometagenomic exploration of oceanic alphaproteobacteria reveals mitochondrial relatives unrelated to the SAR11 clade.	According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, the mitochondrial system for aerobic respiration was derived from an ancestral Alphaproteobacterium. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the mitochondrial ancestor is most closely related to the Rickettsiales. Recently, it was suggested that Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, a member of the SAR11 clade that is highly abundant in the oceans, is a sister taxon to the mitochondrial-Rickettsiales clade. The availability of ocean metagenome data substantially in ...	2011	21935411
Production of Multiple Bacteriocins from a Single Locus by Gastrointestinal Strains of Lactobacillus salivarius.	Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus salivarius isolates derived from a gastrointestinal origin have previously demonstrated efficacy for in vivo protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection. In this study, comparative genomic analysis was employed to investigate the intraspecies diversity of seven L. salivarius isolates of human and porcine intestinal origin, based on the genome of the well-characterized bacteriocin-producing strain L. salivarius UCC118. This revealed a highly conserve ...	2011	21984788
The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut-brain communication.	The probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 normalizes anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in mice with infectious colitis. Using a model of chemical colitis we test whether the anxiolytic effect of B. longum involves vagal integrity, and changes in neural cell function. Methods Mice received dextran sodium sulfate (DSS, 3%) in drinking water during three 1-week cycles. Bifidobacterium longum or placebo were gavaged daily during the last cycle. Some m ...	2011	21988661
Structure and mechanism of the lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis.	The first x-ray crystallographic structure of a CAZY family-52 glycosyltransferase, that of the membrane associated a2,3/a2,6 lipooligosaccharide sialyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis serotype L1 (NST), has been solved to 1.95 Å resolution. The structure of NST adopts a GT-B-fold common with other glycosyltransferase (GT) families but exhibits a novel domain swap of the N-terminal 130 residues to create a functional homodimeric form not observed in any other class to date. The domain swa ...	2011	21880735
[fatal bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus and campylobacter jejuni in patients with alcoholic liver disease].		2011	21947101
culture-based indicators of fecal contamination and molecular microbial indicators rarely correlate with campylobacter spp. in recreational waters.	campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. most human infections result from contaminated food; however, infections are also caused by recreational waterway contamination. campylobacter culture is technically challenging and enumeration by culture-based methods is onerous. thus, we employed qpcr to quantify campylobacter spp. in fresh- and marine-water samples, raw sewage and animal feces. multiplex pcr determined whether campylobacter jejuni or c. coli, most commonly ...	2011	22048429
pathogenic potential of campylobacter ureolyticus.	the recent detection and isolation of the aflagellate campylobacter ureolyticus (previously known as bacteroides ureolyticus) from intestinal biopsy specimens and fecal samples of children with newly diagnosed crohn's disease led us to investigate the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. adherence and gentamicin protection assays were employed to quantify the levels of adherence to and invasion into host cells. c. ureolyticus unswcd was able to adhere to the caco-2 intestinal epithelial cell ...	2011	22124656
modulations of the chicken cecal microbiome and metagenome in response to anticoccidial and growth promoter treatment.	with increasing pressures to reduce or eliminate the use of antimicrobials for growth promotion purposes in production animals, there is a growing need to better understand the effects elicited by these agents in order to identify alternative approaches that might be used to maintain animal health. antibiotic usage at subtherapeutic levels is postulated to confer a number of modulations in the microbes within the gut that ultimately result in growth promotion and reduced occurrence of disease. t ...	2011	22114729
[quinolone resistant campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans and from poultry].	eight quinolone resistant campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from humans with diarrheal disease were compared with 23 isolates from chicken and from laying hens. samples were cultured on selective agar in microaerophilia, identified by conventional tests, and conserved in 17% glycerol at -70 c. clones were determined by rapd-pcr employing the 1254 primer (stern nj). five patterns were obtained. patterns i, ii, and v were found in both poultry and human isolates. pattern i was obtained from po ...	2011	21893445
the immune system in irritable bowel syndrome.	the potential relevance of systemic and gastrointestinal immune activation in the pathophysiology and symptom generation in the irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is supported by a number of observations. infectious gastroenteritis is the strongest risk factor for the development of ibs and increased rates of ibs-like symptoms have been detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in remission or in celiac disease patients on a gluten free diet. the number of t cells and mast cells in the sm ...	2011	22148103
cmer-dependent gene cj0561c is induced more effectively by bile salts than the cmeabc efflux pump in both human and poultry campylobacter jejuni strains.	the multidrug efflux pump cmeabc described in the food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni was shown to be an important element of bile resistance and significant for successful colonization of chicken intestines. recently, another gene (cj0561c) strongly suppressed by the same repressor (cmer) that regulates expression of cmeabc was identified in c. jejuni nctc 11168. initial data suggested that, similarly to cmeabc, cj0561c could be induced by bile salts. in the present study, the occurrence o ...	2011	21920435
systemic infections mimicking thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.	the absence of specific diagnostic criteria, the urgency to begin plasma exchange treatment, and the risk for complications from plasma exchange make the initial evaluation of patients with suspected thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) difficult. systemic infections may mimic the presenting clinical features of ttp. in the oklahoma ttp-hus (hemolytic-uremic syndrome) registry, 1989-2010, 415 consecutive patients have been clinically diagnosed with their first episode of ttp; in 31 (7%) the ...	2011	21850657
the critical role of luxs in the virulence of campylobacter jejuni in a guinea pig model of abortion.	previous studies on campylobacter jejuni have demonstrated the role of luxs in motility, cytolethal distending toxin production, agglutination and intestinal colonization, however its direct involvement in virulence has not been reported. in this study we demonstrate a direct role of luxs in the virulence of c. jejuni in two different animal hosts. the ia3902 strain, a highly virulent sheep abortion strain recently described by our laboratory, along with its isogenic luxs mutant and luxs complem ...	2011	22144479
closely related campylobacter jejuni strains from different sources reveal a generalist rather than a specialist lifestyle.	abstract: background: campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are human intestinal pathogens of global importance. zoonotic transmission from livestock animals or animal-derived food is the likely cause for most of these infections. however, little is known about their general and host-specific mechanisms of colonization, or virulence and pathogenicity factors. in certain hosts, campylobacter species colonize persistently and do not cause disease, while they cause acute intestinal disease i ...	2011	22122991
immunopathology and th1/th2 immune response of campylobacter jejuni-induced paralysis resembling guillain-barré syndrome in chicken.	immunopathogenesis of campylobacter jejuni-associated guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is not yet well established probably due to lack of experimental model. therefore, we studied the th1/th2 immune response and pathological changes in c. jejuni-induced chicken model for gbs. c. jejuni (5 × 10(9) cfu/ml) and placebo were fed to 30 chickens each. stools of all birds were negative for c. jejuni by culture and pcr before experiment. the birds were regularly assessed for disease symptoms up to 30 days ...	2011	22102098
salmonella typhimurium-specific bacteriophage φsh19 and the origins of species specificity in the vi01-like phage family.	whole genome sequencing of bacteriophages suitable for biocontrol of pathogens in food products is a pre-requisite to any phage-based intervention procedure. trials involving the biosanitization of salmonella typhimurium in the pig production environment identified one such candidate, φsh19.	2011	22047448
alkyl hydroperoxide reductase is required for helicobacter cinaedi intestinal colonization and survival under oxidative stress in balb/c and balb/c il10-/- mice.	helicobacter cinaedi, a common human intestinal bacterium, has been implicated in various enteric and systemic diseases in normal and immunocompromised patients. protection against oxidative stress is a crucial component of bacteria-host interactions. alkyl hydroperoxide reductase c (ahpc) is an enzyme responsible for detoxification of peroxides and is important in protection from peroxide-induced stress. h. cinaedi possesses a single ahpc, which was investigated with respect to its role in bact ...	2011	22184416
phsysiological characterization of campylobacter jejuni under cold stresses conditions: its potential for public threat.	campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. under stress conditions, c. jejuni can enter a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state. we found that the c. jejuni was able to enter a vbnc state by prolonged incubation at 4℃. the standard isolation methods using pre-enrichment steps in bolton broth or preston broth could not detect the vbnc cells in spiked chicken meat. the transcription levels of virulence-associated genes (flaa, flab, cadf, ciab, cdta, cdtb and cdtc) ...	2011	21891974
real-time multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection of campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, shigella and yersinia species in fecal samples.	diarrheal diseases due to notifiable bacterial infections require rapid diagnosis of the causative pathogens. to facilitate detection, a real-time multiplex pcr was developed that identifies common diarrhea-causing bacteria in fecal samples. on the basis of published sequence data, sets of primers and probes were designed that were specific for campylobacter jejuni, salmonella, shigella/enteroinvasive escherichia coli eiec, and yersinia species, suitable for use in a one-tube pcr assay. the assa ...	2011	21855409
a specificity determinant for phosphorylation in a response regulator prevents in vivo cross-talk and modification by acetyl phosphate.	bacterial two-component systems (tcss) sense stimuli and transduce signals intracellularly through phosphotransfer between cognate histidine kinases (hks) and response regulators (rrs) to alter gene expression or behavioral responses. without high phosphotransfer specificity between cognate hks and rrs, cross-phosphorylation or cross-talk between different tcss may occur and diminish responses to appropriate stimuli. some mechanisms to reduce cross-talk involve hks controlling levels of cognate ...	2011	22128335
cytoplasmic n-glycosyltransferase of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an inverting enzyme and recognizes the nx(s/t) consensus sequence.	n-linked glycosylation is a frequent protein modification that occurs in all three domains of life. this process involves the transfer of a preassembled oligosaccharide from a lipid donor to asparagine side chains of polypeptides and is catalyzed by the membrane-bound oligosaccharyltransferase (ost). we characterized an alternative bacterial pathway wherein a cytoplasmic n-glycosyltransferase uses nucleotide-activated monosaccharides as donors to modify asparagine residues of peptides and protei ...	2011	21852240
comparison of campylobacter jejuni isolates from human, food, veterinary and environmental sources in iceland using pfge, mlst and fla-svr sequencing.	campylobacter jejuni isolates from various sources in iceland were genotyped with the aim of assessing the genetic diversity, population structure, source distribution and campylobacter transmission routes to humans.	2011	21740489
transfer, viability and colonisation of campylobacter jejuni in the chicken vitellus and in embryos.	1. the objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of campylobacter jejuni to penetrate and colonise eggs from specific-pathogen-free (spf) and heavy breeder hens, and to determine its effects on the viability of spf embryos. 2. we detected c. jejuni in 10% of breeder hens and 20% of spf eggs, which demonstrates the ability of the bacteria to go through the pores of eggs and contaminate the vitellus after 3ôçëh of contact. these results indicate that there is a risk of contamination unde ...	2011	21732872
campylobacter jejuni group iii phage cp81 contains many t4-like genes without belonging to the t4-type phage group: implications for the evolution of t4 phages.	cp81 is a virulent campylobacter group iii phage whose linear genome comprises 132,454 bp. at the nucleotide level, cp81 differs from other phages. however, a number of its structural and replication/recombination proteins revealed a relationship to the group ii campylobacter phages cp220/cpt10 and to t4-type phages. unlike the t4-related phages, the cp81 genome does not contain conserved replication and virion modules. instead, the respective genes are scattered throughout the phage genome. mor ...	2011	21697478
gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with inflammation and bacterial translocation in mice with ccl(4)-induced fibrosis.	gut is the major source of endogenous bacteria causing infections in advanced cirrhosis. intestinal barrier dysfunction has been described in cirrhosis and account for an increased bacterial translocation rate.	2011	21829583
crystal structure of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr)-associated csn2 protein revealed ca2+-dependent double-stranded dna binding activity.	clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) and their associated protein genes (cas genes) are widespread in bacteria and archaea. they form a line of rna-based immunity to eradicate invading bacteriophages and malicious plasmids. a key molecular event during this process is the acquisition of new spacers into the crispr loci to guide the selective degradation of the matching foreign genetic elements. csn2 is a nmeni subtype-specific cas gene required for new spacer acquis ...	2011	21697083
chemoenzymatic synthesis of biotin-appended analogues of gangliosides gm2, gm1, gd1a and galnac-gd1a for solid-phase applications and improved elisa tests.	biotinylated analogues of gangliosides gm2, gm1, gd1a and galnac-gd1a were synthesized in high yields using glycosyltransferases from campylobacter jejuni. the presence of a biotin moiety in the aglycone part of these mimics allows for attachment of these materials onto various streptavidin-coated surfaces. analysis of the interaction of biotin-appended gm1 with the b subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin performed in a modified elisa procedure shows the potential of this compound ...	2011	21727969
longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the uk (iid2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice.	objectives to estimate, overall and by organism, the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (iid) in the community, presenting to general practice (gp) and reported to national surveillance. design prospective, community cohort study and prospective study of gp presentation conducted between april 2008 and august 2009. setting eighty-eight gps across the uk recruited from the medical research council general practice research framework and the primary care research networks. participants 683 ...	2011	21708822
longitudinal study of infectious intestinal disease in the uk (iid2 study): incidence in the community and presenting to general practice.	objectives to estimate, overall and by organism, the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (iid) in the community, presenting to general practice (gp) and reported to national surveillance. design prospective, community cohort study and prospective study of gp presentation conducted between april 2008 and august 2009. setting eighty-eight gps across the uk recruited from the medical research council general practice research framework and the primary care research networks. participants 683 ...	2011	21708822
prevalence of foodborne pathogens in grilled chicken from street vendors and retail outlets in reynosa, tamaulipas, mexico.	we analyzed a total of 70 grilled chicken samples bought randomly from street vendors and retail outlets in the city of reynosa, mexico, to determine the prevalence of escherichia coli (shiga toxin producing and enterotoxin producing), salmonella spp., staphylococcus aureus, listeria spp., and campylobacter spp. using microbiological methods and pcr detection of bacterial sequences. of the 70 samples, 27 (38.5%) were from retail outlets and 43 (61.4%) from street vendors. all specimens were nega ...	2011	21819659
genomic and metabolic profiling of nonulosonic acids in vibrionaceae reveal biochemical phenotypes of allelic divergence in vibrio vulnificus.	nonulosonic acids (nulos) encompass a large group of structurally diverse nine-carbon backbone +¦-keto sugars widely distributed among the three domains of life. mammals express a specialized version of nulos called sialic acids, which are displayed in prominent terminal positions of cell surface and secreted glycoconjugates. within bacteria, the ability to synthesize nulos has been demonstrated in a number of human pathogens and is phylogenetically widespread. here we examine the distribution, ...	2011	21724895
complete genome and comparative analysis of streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, an emerging pathogen of infective endocarditis.	abstract: background: streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an important causative agent of infectious endocarditis, while the pathogenicity of this species is widely unclear. to gain insight into the pathomechanisms and the underlying genetic elements for lateral gene transfer, we sequenced the entire genome of this pathogen. results: we sequenced the whole genome of s. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus strain atcc baa-2069, consisting of a 2,356,444 bp circular dna molecule with a g ...	2011	21824414
por secretion system-dependent secretion and glycosylation of porphyromonas gingivalis hemin-binding protein 35.	the anaerobic gram-negative bacterium porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen in severe forms of periodontal disease and refractory periapical perodontitis. we have recently found that p. gingivalis has a novel secretion system named the por secretion system (porss), which is responsible for secretion of major extracellular proteinases, arg-gingipains (rgps) and lys-gingipain. these proteinases contain conserved c-terminal domains (ctds) in their c-termini. hemin-binding protein 35 (hbp35), ...	2011	21731719
rapid genoserotyping tool for classification of salmonella serovars.	we have developed a salmonella genoserotyping array (sgsa) which rapidly generates an antigenic formula consistent with the white-kauffmann-le minor scheme, currently the gold standard for salmonella serotyping. a set of 287 strains representative of 133 salmonella serovars was assembled to validate the array and to test the array probes for accuracy, specificity, and reproducibility. initially, 76 known serovars were utilized to validate the specificity and repeatability of the array probes and ...	2011	21697324
quantitative rna-seq analysis of the transcriptome of campylobacter jejuni.	campylobacter jejuni is the most common bacterial cause of food-borne disease in the developed world. its general physiology and biochemistry, as well as the mechanisms enabling it to colonize and cause disease in various hosts, are not well understood, and new approaches are required to understand its basic biology. high-throughput sequencing technologies provide unprecedented opportunities for functional genomic research. recent studies have shown that direct illumina sequencing of cdna (rna-s ...	2011	21816880
characterization of the dehydratase wcbk and the reductase wcag involved in gdp-6-deoxy-manno-heptose biosynthesis in campylobacter jejuni.	the capsule of campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 comprises the unusual 6-deoxy-alpha-d-altro-heptose, whose biosynthesis and function are not known. in this work, we characterized enzymes of the capsular cluster, wcbk and wcag, to determine their role in 6-deoxy-altro-heptose synthesis. these enzymes are similar to the yersinia pseudotuberculosis gdp-manno-heptose dehydratase/reductase dmha/dmhb, that we characterized previously. capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analyses showed t ...	2011	21711244
effect of refrigerated and frozen storage on the survival of campylobacter jejuni in cooked chicken meat breast.	this experimental work aimed to examine the survivability of campylobacter jejuni in cooked chicken breast under several conditions: storage for 1, 3, and 7 d at refrigerated temperatures (4 °c) and for 20 d at frozen temperatures (-18 °c). in addition, storage at ambient temperature (26 to 28 °c) was involved. chicken samples were inoculated with a mixed culture of c. jejuni strains (atcc: 29428 and 33219) of known concentrations (50 and 500 cfu/g). bacterial cells were recovered and enumerated ...	2011	21535688
antimicrobial edible apple films inactivate antibiotic resistant and susceptible campylobacter jejuni strains on chicken breast.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrheal illness worldwide. many strains are now becoming multidrug resistant. apple-based edible films containing carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde were evaluated for bactericidal activity against antibiotic resistant and susceptible c. jejuni strains on chicken. retail chicken breast samples inoculated with d28a and h2a (resistant strains) and a24a (a sensitive strain) were wrapped in apple films containing cinnamaldehyde or carvacrol at 0.5%, ...	2011	21535839
genomic comparison of invasive and rare non-invasive strains reveals porphyromonas gingivalis genetic polymorphisms.	porphyromonas gingivalis strains are shown to invade human cells in vitro with different invasion efficiencies, varying by up to three orders of magnitude.	2011	21541093
biochemical characterization of the o-linked glycosylation pathway in neisseria gonorrhoeae responsible for biosynthesis of protein glycans containing n,n'-diacetylbacillosamine.	the o-linked protein glycosylation pathway in neisseria gonorrhoeae is responsible for the synthesis of a complex oligosaccharide on undecaprenyl diphosphate and subsequent en bloc transfer of the glycan to serine residues of select periplasmic proteins. protein glycosylation (pgl) genes have been annotated on the basis of bioinformatics and top-down mass spectrometry analysis of protein modifications in pgl-null strains [aas, f. e., et al. (2007) mol. microbiol. 65, 607-624; vik, a., et al. (20 ...	2011	21542610
acute encephalopathy associated with campylobacter jejuni enteritis.	we present for the first time a case of acute encephalopathy in an adult patient induced by campylobacter jejuni enteritis. possible pathogenic mechanisms and importance of neuropsychological testing in the assessment of infection-related encephalopathy are discussed.	2011	21556865
structural and enzymatic characterization of nans (yjhs), a 9-o-acetyl n-acetylneuraminic acid esterase from escherichia coli o157:h7.	there is a high prevalence of sialic acid in a number of different organisms, resulting in there being a myriad of different enzymes that can exploit it as a fermentable carbon source. one such enzyme is nans, a carbohydrate esterase that we show here deacetylates the 9 position of 9-o-sialic acid so that it can be readily transported into the cell for catabolism. through structural studies, we show that nans adopts a sgnh hydrolase fold. although the backbone of the structure is similar to prev ...	2011	21557376
dual enlargement of gold nanoparticles: from mechanism to scanometric detection of pathogenic bacteria.	a mechanism of dual enlargement of gold nanoparticles (aunps) comprising two steps is described. in the first step, the aunps are enlarged by depositing au atoms on their crystalline faces. in this process, the particles are not only enlarged but they are also observed to multiply: new au nuclei are formed by the budding and division of the enlarged particles. in the second step, a silver enhancement is subsequently performed by the deposition of silver atoms on the enlarged and newly formed aun ...	2011	21557470
effect of tylosin on dogs with suspected tylosin-responsive diarrhea: a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blinded, prospective clinical trial.	abstract:	2011	21489311
5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase is implicated in playing a key role in a modified futalosine pathway for menaquinone biosynthesis in campylobacter jejuni.	menaquinone (vitamin k(2)) serves as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain required for respiration in many pathogenic bacteria. most bacteria utilize a common menaquinone biosynthetic pathway as exemplified by escherichia coli. recently, a novel biosynthetic pathway, the futalosine pathway, was discovered in streptomyces. bioinformatic analysis strongly suggests that this pathway is also operative in the human pathogens campylobacter jejuni and helicobacter pylori. here, we provid ...	2011	21489995
unilateral abducens nerve palsy as an early feature of multiple mononeuropathy associated with anti-gq1b antibody.	patients with anti-gq1b antibody syndrome show various combinations of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, areflexia, or altered sensorium as clinical features. we describe herein a unique case with unilateral abducens nerve palsy as an early feature of multiple mononeuropathy involving dysfunctions of the inferior dental plexus and the ulnar nerve, which was thought to be associated with anti-gq1b antibody. a 27-year-old man presented with acute-onset diplopia. he subsequently experienced numbness not onl ...	2011	21490718
role of the distal hydrogen-bonding network in regulating oxygen affinity in the truncated hemoglobin iii from campylobacter jejuni.	oxygen affinity in heme-containing proteins is determined by a number of factors, such as the nature and conformation of the distal residues that stabilize the heme bound-oxygen via hydrogen-bonding interactions. the truncated hemoglobin iii from campylobacter jejuni (ctb) contains three potential hydrogen-bond donors in the distal site: tyrb10, trpg8, and hise7. previous studies suggested that ctb exhibits an extremely slow oxygen dissociation rate due to an interlaced hydrogen-bonding network ...	2011	21476539
efficacy of uv light treatment for the microbiological decontamination of chicken, associated packaging, and contact surfaces.	uv light was investigated for the decontamination of raw chicken, associated packaging, and contact surfaces. the uv susceptibilities of a number of campylobacter isolates (seven campylobacter jejuni isolates and three campylobacter coli isolates), escherichia coli atcc 25922, and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis atcc 10376 in liquid media were also investigated. from an initial level of 7 log cfu/ml, no viable campylobacter cells were detected following exposure to the most intense uv do ...	2011	21477470
antimicrobial resistance and molecular subtyping of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from retail meats.	campylobacter isolates (n = 297; 202 c. jejuni and 95 c. coli isolates) recovered from 2,513 retail meat samples (chicken breasts, ground turkey, ground beef, and pork chops) were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. the isolates were further analyzed for genetic relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) using smai and kpni restriction enzymes, and a subset of isolates (n = 174) were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). the resistance most frequently observed was tha ...	2011	21477476
l-fucose utilization provides campylobacter jejuni with a competitive advantage.	campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent gastrointestinal pathogen in humans and a common commensal of poultry. when colonizing its hosts, c. jejuni comes into contact with intestinal carbohydrates, including l-fucose, released from mucin glycoproteins. several strains of c. jejuni possess a genomic island (cj0480c-cj0490) that is up-regulated in the presence of both l-fucose and mucin and allows for the utilization of l-fucose as a substrate for growth. strains possessing this genomic island show in ...	2011	21482772
th1 and th2 response to campylobacter jejuni antigen in guillain-barre syndrome.	to determine the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in lymphocytes from the progressive and recovery phases of guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) after stimulation with campylobacter jejuni outer membrane proteins.	2011	21482924
investigating antibacterial mechanisms of garlic (allium sativum) concentrate and garlic-derived organosulfur compounds on campylobacter jejuni using ft-ir spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy and electron microscope.	fourier transform infrared (ft-ir) spectroscopy and raman spectroscopy were used to study the cell injury and inactivation of campylobacter jejuni from exposure to antioxidants from garlic. c. jejuni was treated with various concentration of garlic concentrate and garlic derived organosulfur compounds in growth media and saline at 4, 22 and 35°c. antimicrobial activity of the diallyl sulfides increased with the number of sulfur atoms (diallyl sulfide < diallyl disulfide < diallyl trisulfide). ft ...	2011	21642409
the campylobacter jejuni transcriptional regulator cj1556 plays a role in the oxidative and aerobic (o2) stress response and is important for bacterial survival in vivo.	campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. despite stringent microaerobic growth requirements, c. jejuni is ubiquitous in the aerobic environment, so must possess regulatory systems to sense and adapt to external stimuli such as oxidative and aerobic (o(2)) stress. re-annotation of the c. jejuni nctc11168 genome sequence identified cj1556 (originally annotated as a hypothetical protein) as a marr family transcriptional regulator and further analysis i ...	2011	21642451
tubal factor infertility is associated with antibodies against chlamydia trachomatis heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) but not human hsp60.	background serum antibodies against major outer membrane protein (momp) and heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) from chlamydia trachomatis are correlated with sequelae following infection. since bacterial and human hsp60 share considerable sequence homology, cross-reactivity to human hsp60 is suggested as being involved in tubal factor infertility (tfi). the aim was to investigate whether antibodies to human hsp60 are associated with tfi, and to evaluate antibody testing in tfi diagnosis. methods seru ...	2011	21642639
the salmonella enterica pan-genome.	salmonella enterica is divided into four subspecies containing a large number of different serovars, several of which are important zoonotic pathogens and some show a high degree of host specificity or host preference. we compare 45 sequenced s. enterica genomes that are publicly available (22 complete and 23 draft genome sequences). of these, 35 were found to be of sufficiently good quality to allow a detailed analysis, along with two escherichia coli strains (k-12 substr. dh10b and the avian p ...	2011	21643699
genetic control of biosynthesis and transport of riboflavin and flavin nucleotides and construction of robust biotechnological producers.	summary: riboflavin [7,8-dimethyl-10-(1'-d-ribityl)isoalloxazine, vitamin b(2)] is an obligatory component of human and animal diets, as it serves as the precursor of flavin coenzymes, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide, which are involved in oxidative metabolism and other processes. commercially produced riboflavin is used in agriculture, medicine, and the food industry. riboflavin synthesis starts from gtp and ribulose-5-phosphate and proceeds through pyrimidine and pteridi ...	2011	21646432
rotavirus diarrhea among children less than 5 years of age in urban ghana.	we collected clinical and morphologic data from children with diarrhea attending 3 diverse hospitals/clinics in accra. stool samples were tested for rotavirus and cryptosporidium spp. in all, 58% of the children with diarrhea had rotavirus infections, 25% of which were of the g3 sero/genotype. the most common strains were g3p [6] (18.8%) and g2p [6] (12.5%). cryptosporidium spp. infections were uncommon (3/143, 2.0%).	2011	21646938
detection of influenza viral gene in european starlings and experimental infection.	european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) are common, widely distributed birds in north america that frequently come into contact with agricultural operations. however, starlings have been one of the neglected land-based wild bird species for influenza surveillance.	2011	21651737
detection of influenza viral gene in european starlings and experimental infection.	european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) are common, widely distributed birds in north america that frequently come into contact with agricultural operations. however, starlings have been one of the neglected land-based wild bird species for influenza surveillance.	2011	21651737
outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with consumption of raw peas.	campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, and most cases are identified as sporadic events rather than as parts of recognized outbreaks. we report findings from a substantial 2008 campylobacteriosis outbreak with general implications for fresh produce safety.	2011	21653299
the luxs mutation causes loosely-bound biofilms in shewanella oneidensis.	abstract:	2011	21663678
a sulfite respiration pathway from thermus thermophilus and the key role of newly identified cytochrome côéàôéàôéç.	sulfite, produced for instance during amino acid metabolism, is a very reactive and toxic compound. various detoxification mechanisms exist, but sulfite oxidoreductases (sors) are one of the major actors in sulfite remediation in bacteria and animals. here we describe the existence of an operon in the extreme thermophilic bacterium thermus thermophilus hb8 encoding both a sor and a diheme c-type cytochrome. the in vitro analysis clearly showed that the newly identified cytochrome côéàôéàôéç acts ...	2011	21665981
molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates of poultry, swine, and cattle origin collected from slaughterhouses in hungary.	campylobacter spp. are the most common cause of bacterial enteritis in hungary, and the aim of this study was to identify the distribution, genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter species in the most important food-producing animals at the time of slaughter during 2008 and 2009. of 1,110 samples, 266 were identified as campylobacter coli (23.9%) and 143 as c. jejuni (12.9%) by real-time pcr. resistance to enrofloxacin-ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was significant, especia ...	2011	21669066
exposure assessment and process sensitivity analysis of the contamination of campylobacter in poultry products.	studies were conducted in a thai poultry plant to identify the factors that affected numbers of campylobacter jejuni in chicken carcasses. the concentrations of campylobacter were determined using the simplate most probable number and modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate plating methods. results indicated that the mean concentrations of c. jejuni in carcasses after scalding, plucking, and chilling were 2.93 ┬▒ 0.31, 2.98 ┬▒ 0.38, 2.88 ┬▒ 0.31, and 0.85 ┬▒ 0.95 log cfu, whereas the concent ...	2011	21673173
a simplified and cost-effective enrichment protocol for the isolation of campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat without microaerobic incubation.	abstract: background: to simplify the methodology for the isolation of campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat, we evaluated 108 samples (breasts and thighs) using an unpaired sample design. the enrichment broths were incubated under aerobic conditions (subsamples a) and for comparison under microaerobic conditions (subsamples m) as recommended by current reference protocols. sensors were used to measure the dissolved oxygen (do) in the broth and the percentage of oxygen (o2) in the head spa ...	2011	21812946
exploiting topological constraints to reveal buried sequence motifs in the membrane-bound n-linked oligosaccharyl transferases.	the central enzyme in n-linked glycosylation is the oligosaccharyl transferase (otase), which catalyzes glycan transfer from a polyprenyldiphosphate-linked carrier to select asparagines within acceptor proteins. pglb from campylobacter jejuni is a single-subunit otase with homology to the stt3 subunit of the complex multimeric yeast otase. sequence identity between pglb and stt3 is low (17.9%); however, both have a similar predicted architecture and contain the conserved wwdxg motif. to investig ...	2011	21812456
dogs leaving the icu carry a very large multi-drug resistant enterococcal population with capacity for biofilm formation and horizontal gene transfer.	the enterococcal community from feces of seven dogs treated with antibiotics for 2-9 days in the veterinary intensive care unit (icu) was characterized. both, culture-based approach and culture-independent 16s rdna amplicon 454 pyrosequencing, revealed an abnormally large enterococcal community: 1.4±0.8×10(8) cfu gram(-1) of feces and 48.9±11.5% of the total 16,228 sequences, respectively. the diversity of the overall microbial community was very low which likely reflects a high selective antibi ...	2011	21811613
regulation of oxidative stress response by cosr, an essential response regulator in campylobacter jejuni.	cosr (campylobacteroxidative stress regulator; cj0355c) is an ompr-type response regulator essential for the viability of campylobacter jejuni, a leading foodborne pathogen causing human gastroenteritis worldwide. despite importance, the function of cosr remains completely unknown mainly because of cell death caused by its knockout mutation. to overcome this technical limitation, in this study, antisense technology was used to investigate the regulatory function of cosr by modulating the level o ...	2011	21811584
genome and characterization of phages bcep22 and bcepil02, founders of a novel phage type in burkholderia cenocepacia.	within the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), b. cenocepacia is the most common species associated with aggressive infections in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, causing disease that is often refractive to treatment by antibiotics. phage therapy may be a potential alternative form of treatment for these infections. here we describe the genome of the previously described therapeutic b. cenocepacia podophage bcepil02 and its close relative, bcep22. phage bcep22 was found to contain a circul ...	2011	21804006
o-linked glycosylation of the pila pilin protein of francisella tularensis: identification of the endogenous protein-targeting oligosaccharyltransferase and characterization of the native oligosaccharide.	findings from a number of studies suggest that the pila pilin proteins may play an important role in the pathogenesis of disease caused by species within the genus francisella. as such, a thorough understanding of pila structure and chemistry is warranted. here, we definitively identified the pgla protein-targeting oligosaccharyltransferase by virtue of its necessity for pila glycosylation in f. tularensis and its sufficiency for pila glycosylation in escherichia coli. in addition, we used mass ...	2011	21804002
glycosylation of dsba in francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis.	in francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis, dsba has been shown to be an essential virulence factor and has been observed to migrate to multiple protein spots in two dimensional electrophoresis gels. in this work, we show that the protein is modified with a 1156 da glycan moiety in o-linkage. mass spectrometry studies suggest the glycan is a hexasaccharide, comprised of n-acetyl hexosamines, hexoses and an unknown monosaccharide. disruption of two genes within the ftt0789-ftt0800 putative p ...	2011	21803994
human siglec-5 and iga have separate binding sites in the streptococcal {beta} protein.	sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs) are receptors believed to be important for regulation of cellular activation and inflammation. several pathogenic microbes bind specific siglecs via sialic acid-containing structures at the microbial surface, interactions which may result in modulation of host responses. recently, it was shown that the group b streptococcus (gbs) binds to human siglec-5 (hsiglec-5), an inhibitory receptor expressed on macrophages and neutrophils, via the ...	2011	21795693
chepep controls helicobacter pylori infection of the gastric glands and chemotaxis in the epsilonproteobacteria.	abstract microbes use directed motility to colonize harsh and dynamic environments. we discovered that helicobacter pylori strains establish bacterial colonies deep in the gastric glands and identified a novel protein, chepep, necessary to colonize this niche. chepep is preferentially localized to the flagellar pole. although mutants lacking chepep have normal flagellar ultrastructure and are motile, they have a slight defect in swarming ability. by tracking the movement of single bacteria, we f ...	2011	21791582
the vibrio cholerae vctpdgc system transports catechol siderophores and a siderophore-free iron ligand.	vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera, has an absolute requirement for iron. it transports the catechol siderophores vibriobactin, which it synthesizes and secretes, and enterobactin. these siderophores are transported across the inner membrane by one of two periplasmic binding protein-dependent abc transporters, vctpdgc or viupdgc. we show here that one of these inner membrane transport systems, vctpdgc, also promotes iron acquisition in the absence of siderophores. plasmids carrying ...	2011	21790806
mutagenic analysis of the clostridium difficile flagellar proteins, flic and flid, and their contribution to virulence in hamsters.	although toxins a and b are known to be important contributors to the acute phase of clostridium difficile infection (cdi), the role of colonization and adherence to host tissues in the overall pathogenesis of these organisms remains unclear. consequently, we used the recently introduced intron-based clostron gene interruption system to eliminate the expression of two reported c. difficile colonization factors, the major flagellar structural subunit (flic) and the flagellar cap protein (flid), t ...	2011	21788384
campylobacter jejuni dsb gene expression is regulated by iron in a fur-dependent manner and by a translational coupling mechanism.	abstract: background: many bacterial extracytoplasmic proteins are stabilized by intramolecular disulfide bridges that are formed post-translationally between their cysteine residues. this protein modification plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis, and is facilitated by the dsb (disulfide bond) family of the redox proteins. these proteins function in two parallel pathways in the periplasmic space: an oxidation pathway and an isomerization pathway. the dsb oxidative pathway in campylo ...	2011	21787430
temporal variation and host association in the campylobacter population in a longitudinal ruminant farm study.	campylobacter jejuni and c. coli was quantified and typed using multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) from fecal samples collected from a mixed cattle and sheep farm during summer. cattle had a significantly higher prevalence than sheep (21.9 % (74/338) and 14.0 % (30/214), respectively) but both reduced over time. there were no differences in the average campylobacter concentrations shed between cattle (600 cfu g(-1)) and sheep (820 cfu g(-1)), although sheep did show a significant temporal reduct ...	2011	21784915
[antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin s760 produced by enterococcus faecium strain lwp760].	antimicrobial activity of bacteriocin s760 (enterocin) produced by enterococcusfaecium strain lwp760 was studied. bacteriocin s760 is a cationic, hydrophobic, and heat stable peptide with the molecular weight of 5.5 kda and pl of 9.8. enterocin s760 is shown to inhibit in vitro the growth both of sensitive and resistant to antibacterials gramnegative and grampositive bacteria of 25 species. mics of the bacteriocin s760 vary between 0.05-1.6 mg/l for escherichia coli 0157:h117, salmonella typhimu ...	2011	21780664
genotypic characterisation and cluster analysis of campylobacter jejuni isolates from domestic pets, human clinical cases and retail food.	abstract: the genetic similarity of campylobacter jejuni isolates from pets, compared to human clinical cases and retail food isolates collected in ireland over 2001-2006 was investigated by cluster analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) fingerprinting profiles. comparison of the pfge profiles of 60 pet isolates and 109 human isolates revealed that seven (4.1%) profiles were grouped in clusters including at least one human and one pet c. jejuni isolate. in total six (1.6%) of 60 pet ...	2011	21777493
evaluation and verification of the seeplex(r) diarrhea-v ace assay for the simultaneous detection of adenovirus, rotavirus and norovirus genogroups i and ii in clinical stool specimens.	acute viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection that can be caused by several different viruses. here we describe the evaluation and verification of seeplex® diarrhea-v ace (seeplex® dv), a novel commercial multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay that detects 5 diarrheal pathogens including adenovirus, rotavirus, norovirus genogroup i (gi) and gii and astrovirus. we describe a retrospective study of 200 clinical specimens of which 177 were stool specimens ...	2011	21775550
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium colonizing the lumen of the chicken intestine are growing slowly and up-regulate a unique set of virulence and metabolism genes.	the pattern of global gene expression of s. typhimurium harvested from the chicken intestinal lumen (ceca) was compared with those of a late log lb broth culture using a whole genome microarray. levels of transcription, translation and cell division in vivo were lower than in vitro. s. typhimurium appeared to be using carbon sources such as propionate, 1,2-propanediol and ethanolamine in addition to melibiose and ascorbate, the latter possibly transformed to d-xylulose. amino acid starvation app ...	2011	21768276