Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [a study of bronchial sensitivity and bronchial reactivity using astograph and transcutaneous oxygen tension in asthmatic children. the problems of simultaneous measurement]. | bronchial sensitivity and reactivity in 60 patients with bronchial asthma was measured using the astograph and simultaneous transcutaneous oxygen tension [ptco2]. in spite of increasing respiratory resistance, there were some cases in which ptco2 did not show remarkable decrease. the ptco2 percentage was defined as (basal value of ptco2 - bottom value of ptco2)/(basal value of ptco2). the correlation between ptco2% and the basal value of ptco2 was relatively high (r = 0.42, n = 58, p less than 0 ... | 2008 | 2584366 |
| a comparative clinical trial of duodenal ulcer healing with two regimens of cimetidine: 800 mg once nightly and 400 mg twice daily. | the efficacy and safety of two dosage regimens of cimetidine were compared in a single-blind study of 50 adults with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers. patients were randomly allocated to receive 800 mg cimetidine taken once nightly or 400 mg cimetidine taken twice daily for 4 weeks. following 4 weeks' treatment patients again underwent endoscopy and, if healing was incomplete, they received a further 4 weeks' treatment. at 4 weeks, healing occurred in 21/25 (84%) patients on the once-daily ... | 2008 | 2257964 |
| [myopathy in the uremic patient: apropos of a case]. | uremic myopathy is relatively unknown, despite the fact that it can be quite a severe handicap. it is a non-specific proximal myopathy which must be distinguished from uremic polyneuropathy. several disorders linked to renal insufficiency have been implicated, but these only play an adjuvant role with regard to renal osteodystrophy. indeed the presence of myopathy in cases of severe osteodystrophy, its similarity to the myopathies associated with different types of osteomalacia and hyperparathyr ... | 2008 | 2633067 |
| [an extensive pedigree of autosomal dominant inheritance of bronchial asthma]. | this paper reports a particularly extensive pedigree in which 33 (13 men and 20 women) of its 118 members (60 men and 58 women) through four generations had bronchial asthma. there were 22 cases of extrinsic asthma (accounting for 66.7%) which occurred chiefly in the juveniles and 11 cases of mixed asthma (accounting for 33.3%) which occurred mainly in the middle-aged and old people. pedigree chart suggested the pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance. it was also found that when either husban ... | 2008 | 2632035 |
| [an extensive pedigree of autosomal dominant inheritance of bronchial asthma]. | this paper reports a particularly extensive pedigree in which 33 (13 men and 20 women) of its 118 members (60 men and 58 women) through four generations had bronchial asthma. there were 22 cases of extrinsic asthma (accounting for 66.7%) which occurred chiefly in the juveniles and 11 cases of mixed asthma (accounting for 33.3%) which occurred mainly in the middle-aged and old people. pedigree chart suggested the pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance. it was also found that when either husban ... | 2008 | 2632035 |
| late brain abscess years after severe cerebrocranial trauma with fronto-orbitobasal fracture. | an 8-year-old boy suffered severe craniocerebral trauma with left-sided fronto-orbitobasal fracture. the ct scan showed minor subdural air inclusions. the child recovered well and had no clinical signs of aftereffects. eight years after the accident, symptoms of intracranial pressure developed progressively with nuchal rigidity and elevated temperature. the ct showed an extensive left fronto-orbitobasal abscess. the intraoperative finding was a brain prolapse both into the frontal sinus and into ... | 2008 | 2736550 |
| late brain abscess years after severe cerebrocranial trauma with fronto-orbitobasal fracture. | an 8-year-old boy suffered severe craniocerebral trauma with left-sided fronto-orbitobasal fracture. the ct scan showed minor subdural air inclusions. the child recovered well and had no clinical signs of aftereffects. eight years after the accident, symptoms of intracranial pressure developed progressively with nuchal rigidity and elevated temperature. the ct showed an extensive left fronto-orbitobasal abscess. the intraoperative finding was a brain prolapse both into the frontal sinus and into ... | 2008 | 2736550 |
| medium- and long-latency responses to displacements of the ankle joint in patients with spinal and central lesions. | in order to elucidate further the possible pathways and the functional significance of long-loop reflexes we recorded short-, medium- and long-latency responses from leg muscles in 27 patients with spinal lesions, 20 patients with central lesions of the internal capsule or cerebral hemisphere, and in 18 control patients with frontal or occipital lesions without motor or sensory disturbances. our normal population included 50 subjects, who were age and sex matched to the patients. the mean latenc ... | 2008 | 2580691 |
| alpha-fetoprotein-producing renal cell carcinoma. | a case of alpha-fetoprotein (afp)-producing renal cell carcinoma with multiple bone and lung metastases, but without liver involvement is reported. the stain specific to afp (avidin-biotin complex) proved the presence of the afp in the cytoplasms of some cells of the renal tumors. in addition, three other cases of aff-producing renal cancer recently published in the literature in japan are reviewed. these four cases indicate that mesoderm-originating malignant tumors such as renal cell carcinoma ... | 2008 | 2446735 |
| [clinical study of osteoporosis]. | 2008 | 2614196 | |
| comparison of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, ibuprofen and flurbiprofen, with methylprednisolone and placebo for acute pain, swelling, and trismus. | pain, swelling, loss of function, and hyperthermia are acute postoperative sequelae of inflammation due to tissue injury during surgical procedures. pharmacologic strategies for minimizing the clinical manifestations of surgical trauma are often directed toward blocking the formation or inhibiting the effects of the biochemical mediators of acute inflammation. this study compared two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids), flurbiprofen and ibuprofen, with a prototype glucocorticoid, methy ... | 2008 | 2395047 |
| contempo '90. | 2008 | 2329645 | |
| similarities in the repair kinetics of sublethal and potentially lethal x-ray damage in log phase chinese hamster v79 cells. | we have compared the repair kinetics of x-ray-induced sublethal damage (sld) and potentially lethal damage (pld) in v79 cells during postirradiation incubation in growth medium at 37 degrees c. kinetics of sld repair were studied by dose fractionation (d1 + d2 = 2 + 2, 4 + 2, 4 + 4, 10 + 4 and 10 + 7 gy). kinetics of pld repair were studied by incubating cells with 0.5 m hypertonic saline (hs) for 20 min at various times after irradiation. the repair of sld, after 2, 4 and 10 gy, was complete in ... | 2008 | 2570810 |
| safety and colonization of two novel virg(icsa)-based live shigella sonnei vaccine strains in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | shigella are gram-negative bacterium that cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis). symptoms include diarrhea and discharge of bloody mucoid stools, accompanied by severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, malaise, and fever. persons traveling to regions with poor sanitation and crowded conditions become particularly susceptible to shigellosis. currently a vaccine for shigella has not been licensed in the united states, and the organism quickly becomes resistant to medications. during the past 10 ... | 2008 | 19793462 |
| increased isolation and characterization of shigella sonnei obtained from hospitalized children in tehran, iran. | shigella flexneri has been the most frequent cause of shigellosis in children in iran. to evaluate the changes in frequency of serogroups, 302 shigella species were isolated in 2003 from hospitalized children, aged less than 12 years, with acute diarrhoea in tehran, iran. the number of collected s. sonnei, s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. dysenteriae isolates was 178 (58.9%), 110 (37.4%), 10 (3.3%), and 4 (1.3%) respectively. most (94%) s. sonnei isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole. they wer ... | 2008 | 19069621 |
| the acrab-tolc pump is involved in multidrug resistance in clinical shigella flexneri isolates. | the two multiple-antibiotic resistance (mar) phenotypes (n = 8, respectively) and susceptible isolates (n = 4) of shigella flexneri from china were characterized involving the efflux pump acrab-tolc. the accumulation of ciprofloxacin, acrab-tolc pcr, and levels of mrna with northern blots were performed in three groups. sequencing of acrab-tolc was performed in selected isolates. an efflux inhibition was performed with phe-arg-beta-naphthylamide. the accumulation of ciprofloxacin at steady state ... | 2008 | 19035770 |
| gef-h1 mediated control of nod1 dependent nf-kappab activation by shigella effectors. | shigella flexneri has evolved the ability to modify host cell function with intracellular active effectors to overcome the intestinal barrier. the detection of these microbial effectors and the initiation of innate immune responses are critical for rapid mucosal defense activation. the guanine nucleotide exchange factor h1 (gef-h1) mediates rhoa activation required for cell invasion by the enteroinvasive pathogen shigella flexneri. surprisingly, gef-h1 is requisite for nf-kappab activation in re ... | 2008 | 19043560 |
| characterization of shigella spp. by antimicrobial resistance and pcr detection of ipa genes in an infantile population from porto velho (western amazon region), brazil. | the incidence of shigella spp. was assessed in 877 infants from the public hospital in rondônia (western amazon region, brazil) where shigella represents the fourth cause of diarrhea. twenty-five isolates were identified: 18 were shigella flexneri, three shigella sonnei, three shigella boydii and one shigella dysenteriae. with the exception of s. dysenteriae, all shigella spp. isolated from children with diarrhea acquired multiple antibiotic resistances. pcr detection of ipa virulence genes and ... | 2008 | 19057826 |
| shigella from humans in thailand during 1993 to 2006: spatial-time trends in species and serotype distribution. | in thailand during 1993-2006, a total of 9063 shigella isolates from different medical centers were serotyped and trends over time and spatial clustering analyzed. of 3583 cases with age information, 1315 (37%) cases were from children between 0 and 4 years and 684 (19%) from children between 5 and 8 years. most infections were recorded during 1993-1994 (> 1500 per year), decreasing to < 200 in 2006. the relative species distribution also changed. during 1993-1994, shigella flexneri accounted fo ... | 2008 | 19086804 |
| in silico comparison of simple sequence repeats in high nucleotides-rich genomes of microorganism. | this study determined the distribution of a specific group of simple sequence repeats (ssrs), in genome sequences of 7 chromosomes (shigella flexneri 2a str 301 and 2457 t, shigella sonnei, e. coli k12, m. tuberculosis, m. leprae and s. saprophytycus) have downloaded from the genbank database for identifying abundance, distribution and composition of ssrs. the data obtained in the present study show that: (i) tandem repeats are widely distributed throughout the genomes. (ii) ssrs are differentia ... | 2008 | 19137845 |
| antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of amblyone isolated from amorphophallus campanulatus. | to assess the in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic activities of amblyone, a triterpenoid isolated from amorphophallus campanulatus (roxb). | 2008 | 21264161 |
| screening of antibacterial potentials of some medicinal plants from melghat forest in india. | cyperus rotundus, caesalpinia bonducella, tinospora cordifolia, gardenia gummifera, ailanthus excelsa, acacia arabica, embelia ribes and ventilago maderspatana from melghat forest were screened for their antibacterial potential against escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, salmonella typhi, shigella flexneri, salmonella paratyphi, salmonella typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter aerogenes by disc diffusion method. out of these medicinal pla ... | 2009 | 20448847 |
| overexpression, purification, characterization and preliminary crystallographic study of phosphoglycolate phosphatase from shigella flexneri 2a strain 301. | phosphoglycolate phosphatase has a salvage function in the metabolism of the 2-phosphoglycolate formed during bacterial dna repair. in order to better understand its dimerization behaviour, the influence of metal ions on its activity and its catalytic mechanism at the molecular level, recombinant phosphoglycolate phosphatase from shigella flexneri was overexpressed, purified, characterized and crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method at 291 k using polyethylene glycol 3500 as a p ... | 2009 | 19153451 |
| simultaneous detection of multifood-borne pathogenic bacteria based on functionalized quantum dots coupled with immunomagnetic separation in food samples. | this paper reports a method that simultaneously detects three food-borne pathogenic bacteria, salmonella typhimurium, shigella flexneri, and escherichia coli o157:h7, via an approach that combines magnetic microparticles for the enrichment and antibody-conjugated semiconductor quantum dots (qds) as fluorescence markers. using the water-in-oil reverse microemulsions method, the gamma-fe(2)o(3) magnetic nanoparticles were coated with silica to empower the particles with high dispersibility and bro ... | 2009 | 19154162 |
| the ipac carboxyterminal effector domain mediates src-dependent actin polymerization during shigella invasion of epithelial cells. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells by locally reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton. shigella invasion requires actin polymerization dependent on the src tyrosine kinase and a functional bacterial type iii secretion (t3s) apparatus. using dynamic as well as immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that the t3s translocon component ipac allows the recruitment of the src kinase required for actin polymerization at bacterial entry sites during the initial sta ... | 2009 | 19165331 |
| short report: high prevalence of serine protease autotransporter cytotoxins among strains of enteroaggregative escherichia coli. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) pathogenesis is thought to comprise intestinal colonization followed by the release of enterotoxins and cytotoxins. here, we use a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to determine the prevalence of 10 genes encoding serine protease autotransporter toxins (spates) in a collection of clinical eaec isolates. eighty-six percent of eaec strains harbored genes encoding one or more class i cytotoxic spate proteins (pet, sat, espp, or siga). two class ii, non-cytoto ... | 2009 | 19190229 |
| crystal structure analysis and in silico pka calculations suggest strong pka shifts of ligands as driving force for high-affinity binding to tgt. | a novel ligand series is presented to inhibit trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt), a protein with a significant role in the pathogenicity mechanism of shigella flexneri, the causative agent of shigellosis. the enzyme exchanges guanine in the wobble position of trna(asn,asp,his,tyr) against a modified base. to prevent the base-exchange reaction, several series of inhibitors have already been designed, synthesized, and tested. one aim of previous studies was to address a hydrophobic pocket with di ... | 2009 | 19199329 |
| streptococcus-, shigella-, and listeria-induced autophagy. | autophagy has recently been described as an intrinsic host defense system for recognizing and eliminating intracellular-invading bacterial pathogens. some cytoplasmic-invading bacteria are trapped through the process of autophagy and are ultimately degraded within autolysosomal compartments. however, others exhibit highly evolved maneuvers for circumventing autophagic recognition and are capable of surviving and replicating within the cytoplasm. in this chapter, we describe bacterial infectious ... | 2009 | 19200893 |
| a synthetic carbohydrate-protein conjugate vaccine candidate against shigella flexneri 2a infection. | the protective ag of shigella, the gram-negative enteroinvasive bacterium causing bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis, is its o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) domain of the lps, the major bacterial surface component. as an alternative to the development of detoxified lps-based conjugate vaccines, recent effort was put into the investigation of neoglycoproteins encompassing synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the protective ags of the o-sp. we previously reported that when coupled to tetanus tox ... | 2009 | 19201878 |
| pathogen trafficking pathways and host phosphoinositide metabolism. | phosphoinositide (pi) glycerolipids are key regulators of eukaryotic signal transduction, cytoskeleton architecture and membrane dynamics. the host cell pi metabolism is targeted by intracellular bacterial pathogens, which evolved intricate strategies to modulate uptake processes and vesicle trafficking pathways. upon entering eukaryotic host cells, pathogenic bacteria replicate in distinct vacuoles or in the host cytoplasm. vacuolar pathogens manipulate pi levels to mimic or modify membranes of ... | 2009 | 19208094 |
| the expression of lipopolysaccharide by strains of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella boydii and their cross-reacting strains of escherichia coli. | strains of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella boydii express lipopolysaccharides, that enable the serotyping of strains based on their antigenic structures. certain strains of s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri and s. boydii are known to share epitopes with strains of escherichia coli; however, the lipopolysaccharide profiles of the cross-reacting organisms have not been compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) lipopolysaccharides profiling. in ... | 2009 | 19222579 |
| a similarity in the o-acetylation pattern of the o-antigens of shigellaflexneri types 1a, 1b, and 2a. | shigella flexneri type 2a is the first, and type 1b is the second, most prevalent isolates from patients with shigellosis in russia. the o-specific polysaccharides (opss, o-antigens) of s. flexneri types 1-5 possess a common -->2)-alpha-l-rhapiii-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhapii-(1-->3)-alpha-l-rhapi-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1--> backbone and differ from each other in its glucosylation or/and o-acetylation at various positions, the modifications being responsible for various o-factors. it was suggested tha ... | 2009 | 19246033 |
| the mere protein encoded by transposon tn21 is a broad mercury transporter in escherichia coli. | in order to clarify the physiological role of the mere gene of transposon tn21, a pe4 plasmid that contained the merr gene of plasmid pmr26 from pseudomonas strain k-62, and the mere gene of tn21 from the shigella flexneri plasmid nr1 (r100) was constructed. bacteria with plasmid pe4 (merr-o/p-mere) were more hypersensitive to ch(3)hg(i) and hg(ii), and took up significantly more ch(3)hg(i) and hg(ii), than the isogenic strain. the mere protein encoded by pe4 was localized in the membrane cell f ... | 2009 | 19265693 |
| piscidin 4, a novel member of the piscidin family of antimicrobial peptides. | piscidins are linear, amphipathic, antimicrobial peptides (amps) with broad, potent, activity spectrum. piscidins and other members of the piscidin family appear to comprise the most common group of amps in teleost fish. all piscidins and related members of the piscidin family described to date are 18-26 amino acids long.we report here the isolation of a novel 5329.25 da, 44-residue (ffrhlfrgakaifrgarqgxrahkvvsryrnrdvpetdnnqeep) antimicrobial peptide from hybrid striped bass (morone chrysops fem ... | 2009 | 19266617 |
| high-let ion radiolysis of water: oxygen production in tracks. | it is known that molecular oxygen is a product of the radiolysis of water with high-linear energy transfer (let) radiation, a result that is of particular significance in radiobiology and of practical relevance in radiotherapy. in fact, it has been suggested that the radiolytic formation of an oxygenated microenvironment around the tracks of high-let heavy ions is an important factor in their enhanced biological efficiency in the sense that this may be due to an "oxygen effect" by o(2) produced ... | 2009 | 19267566 |
| the effects of the bacterial interaction with visible-light responsive titania photocatalyst on the bactericidal performance. | bactericidal activity of traditional titanium dioxide (tio2) photocatalyst is effective only upon irradiation by ultraviolet light, which restricts the potential applications of tio2 for use in our living environments. recently carbon-containing tio2 was found to be photoactive at visible-light illumination that affords the potential to overcome this problem; although, the bactericidal activity of these photocatalysts is relatively lower than conventional disinfectants. evidenced from scanning e ... | 2009 | 19272171 |
| characterisation of early mucosal and neuronal lesions following shigella flexneri infection in human colon. | shigella, an enteroinvasive bacteria induces a major inflammatory response responsible for acute rectocolitis in humans. however, early effect of shigella flexneri (s. flexneri) infection upon the human mucosa and its microenvironement, in particular the enteric nervous system, remains currently unknown. therefore, in this study, we sought to characterize ex vivo the early events of shigellosis in a model of human colonic explants. in particular, we aimed at identifying factors produced by s. fl ... | 2009 | 19274103 |
| efficient synthesis of six tri- to hexasaccharide fragments of shigella flexneri serotypes 3a and/or x o-antigen, including a study on acceptors containing n-trichloroacetylglucosamine versus n-acetylglucosamine. | six tri- to hexasaccharide fragments of the {2)-[alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)]-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->2)-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-[ac-->2]-alpha-l-rhap-(1-->3)-beta-d-glcpnac-(1-->}(n) polymer ([(e)ab(ac)cd](n)) were synthesized as their propyl glycosides. all targets share the (e)ab sequence. following a thorough investigation on the use of n-trichloroacetylglucosamine- versus n-acetylglucosamine-containing tri- and tetrasaccharide acceptors, the successful strategy was based on an efficient combination of the ... | 2009 | 19278208 |
| foodborne outbreaks, austria 2007. | in 2007 austria reported a total of 438 foodborne outbreaks affecting 1715 people, including 286 hospitalized patients and one death. salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. accounted for 95% of all reported outbreaks. forty-eight (11%) of the 438 austrian outbreaks were acquired abroad. of the 390 domestically acquired foodborne outbreaks, bacterial infection caused 376, viruses (norovirus and 1-time hepatitis a virus) caused 11, and intoxications (staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins, alkaloid to ... | 2009 | 19280130 |
| genetics and virulence association of the shigella flexneri sit iron transport system. | the sit-encoded iron transport system is present within pathogenicity islands in all shigella spp. and some pathogenic escherichia coli strains. the islands contain numerous insertion elements and sequences with homology to bacteriophage genes. the shigella flexneri sit genes can be lost as a result of deletion within the island. the formation of deletions was dependent upon reca and occurred at relatively high frequency. this suggests that the sit region is inherently unstable, yet sit genes ar ... | 2009 | 19289511 |
| acute non-outbreak shigellosis: ten years experience in southern taiwan. | we conducted a retrospective study of both the clinical and laboratory characteristics of shigellosis in southern taiwan. | 2009 | 19292940 |
| characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant shigella flexneri in hangzhou area of china. | the aim of this study was to characterize fluoroquinolone-resistant shigella and determine whether the qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr genes could contribute to sporadic shigellosis at the clinic in the hangzhou area of china. | 2009 | 19297378 |
| serodiversity and antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigella isolates at gondar university teaching hospital, northwest ethiopia. | the aims of this study were to determine the distribution of serogroups and serotypes as well as the antimicrobial resistance pattern of shigella isolates from gondar patients with acute diarrhea. a cross-sectional study was conducted from august 2006 to february 2008. stool specimens were received from study subjects and cultured. isolates were confirmed by biochemical and serological tests. the isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the disc diffusion method. of the 1,200 sto ... | 2009 | 19305047 |
| structural mimicry of o-antigen by a peptide revealed in a complex with an antibody raised against shigella flexneri serotype 2a. | the use of carbohydrate-mimicking peptides to induce immune responses against surface polysaccharides of pathogenic bacteria offers a novel approach to vaccine development. factors governing antigenic and immunogenic mimicry, however, are complex and poorly understood. we have addressed this question using the anti-lipopolysaccharide monoclonal antibody f22-4, which was raised against shigella flexneri serotype 2a and shown to protect against homologous infection in a mouse model. in a previous ... | 2009 | 19328810 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance in shigella and salmonella isolates from children under five years of age with diarrhea in rural mozambique. | the antimicrobial susceptibility and mechanisms of resistance of 109 shigella and 40 salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea in southern mozambique were assessed. the susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by disk diffusion, and mechanisms of resistance were searched by pcr or colorimetric method. a high proportion of shigella isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol (chl) (52%), ampicillin (amp) (56%), tetracycline (tet) (66%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (sxt) ... | 2009 | 19332670 |
| solar disinfection (sodis) and subsequent dark storage of salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri monitored by flow cytometry. | pathogenic enteric bacteria are a major cause of drinking water related morbidity and mortality in developing countries. solar disinfection (sodis) is an effective means to fight this problem. in the present study, sodis of two important enteric pathogens, shigella flexneri and salmonella typhimurium, was investigated with a variety of viability indicators including cellular atp levels, efflux pump activity, glucose uptake ability, and polarization and integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane. the ... | 2009 | 19332832 |
| the pic protease of enteroaggregative escherichia coli promotes intestinal colonization and growth in the presence of mucin. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) is increasingly being recognized as a cause of diarrheal disease in diverse populations. no small animal model is currently available to study this pathogen. we report here that conventional mice orally inoculated with prototype eaec strain 042 generally became colonized, though the abundance of organisms cultured from their stool varied substantially among individual animals. in contrast, mice whose water contained 5 g/liter streptomycin consistently be ... | 2009 | 19349428 |
| virb alleviates h-ns repression of the icsp promoter in shigella flexneri from sites more than one kilobase upstream of the transcription start site. | the icsp promoter of shigella spp. is repressed by h-ns and derepressed by virb. here, we show that an inverted repeat located between positions -1144 and -1130 relative to the icsp transcription start site is necessary for virb-dependent derepression. the atypical location of this cis-acting site is discussed. | 2009 | 19363111 |
| life on the inside: the intracellular lifestyle of cytosolic bacteria. | bacterial pathogens exploit a huge range of niches within their hosts. many pathogens can invade non-phagocytic cells and survive within a membrane-bound compartment. however, only a small number of bacteria, including listeria monocytogenes, shigella flexneri, burkholderia pseudomallei, francisella tularensis and rickettsia spp., can gain access to and proliferate within the host cell cytosol. here, we discuss the mechanisms by which these cytosolic pathogens escape into the cytosol, obtain nut ... | 2009 | 19369949 |
| mechanism of unusual formation of 3-(5-phenyl-3h-[1,2,4]dithiazol-3-yl)chromen-4-ones and 4-oxo-4h-chromene-3-carbothioic acid n-phenylamides and their antimicrobial evaluation. | 6/6,7-substituted 3-formylchromones (9a-e) react with 2 equivalents of 2-phenyl-4-dimethylamino-1-thia-3-azabuta-1,3-diene (10) or thiobenzamide (11) in refluxing toluene to furnish novel substituted 3-(5-phenyl-3h-[1,2,4]dithiazol-3-yl)chromen-4-ones (12a-e). however, reactions of substituted 2-anilino-3-formylchromones (15a-d) with thiobenzamide (11, 2 equivalents) in refluxing xylene furnish 4-oxo-4h-chromene-3-carbothioic acid n-phenylamide (17a-d) in high yields. a mechanistic rationalizati ... | 2009 | 19375826 |
| a new ethanolamine phosphate-containing variant of the o-antigen of shigella flexneri type 4a. | the o-specific polysaccharide (o-antigen) structure of a shigella flexneri type 4a strain from the dysentery reference laboratory (london, uk) was elucidated in 1978 and its characteristic feature was found to be alpha-d-glucosylation of glcnac at position 6, which defines o-factor iv. our nmr spectroscopic studies of the o-specific polysaccharides of two other strains belonging to s. flexneri type 4a (g1668 from adelaide, australia, and 1359 from moscow, russia) confirmed the carbohydrate backb ... | 2009 | 19376498 |
| activating mutations of n-wasp alter shigella pathogenesis. | the pathogenesis of shigella requires binding to the host protein n-wasp. to examine the roles of structural conformation and phospho-regulation of n-wasp during shigella pathogenesis, mutant n-wasp constructs predicted to result in a constitutively open conformation (l229p and l232p) or either a phospho-mimicking (y253e) or phospho-disruptive (y253f) structure were constructed. pyrene actin assays demonstrated that the n-wasp l229p and l232p constructs are constitutively active. despite the inc ... | 2009 | 19379711 |
| three-dimensional reconstruction of the shigella t3ss transmembrane regions reveals 12-fold symmetry and novel features throughout. | type iii secretion systems (t3sss) mediate bacterial protein translocation into eukaryotic cells, a process essential for virulence of many gram-negative pathogens. they are composed of a cytoplasmic secretion machinery and a base that bridges both bacterial membranes, into which a hollow, external needle is embedded. when isolated, the latter two parts are termed the 'needle complex'. an incomplete understanding of the structure of the needle complex has hampered studies of t3ss function. to es ... | 2009 | 19396171 |
| going round in circles: the structural biology of type iii secretion systems. | 2009 | 19421157 | |
| design of alpha-transglucosidases of controlled specificity for programmed chemoenzymatic synthesis of antigenic oligosaccharides. | combined with chemical synthesis, the use of biocatalysts holds great potential to open the way to novel molecular diversity. we report in vitro chemoenzymatic pathways that, for the first time, take advantage of enzyme engineering to produce complex microbial cell-surface oligosaccharides and circumvent the chemical boundaries of glycochemistry. glycoenzymes were designed to act on nonnatural conveniently protected substrates to produce intermediates compatible with a programmed chemical elonga ... | 2009 | 19432472 |
| liposomes recruit ipac to the shigella flexneri type iii secretion apparatus needle as a final step in secretion induction. | shigella flexneri contact with enterocytes induces a burst of protein secretion via its type iii secretion apparatus (ttsa) as an initial step in cellular invasion. we have previously reported that ipad is positioned at the ttsa needle tip (m. espina et al., infect. immuno. 74:4391-4400, 2006). from this position, ipad senses small molecules in the environment to control the presentation of ipab to the needle tip. this step occurs without type iii secretion induction or ipac recruitment to the s ... | 2009 | 19433542 |
| the rho gtpase inactivation domain in vibrio cholerae martx toxin has a circularly permuted papain-like thiol protease fold. | a rho gtpase inactivation domain (rid) has been discovered in the multifunctional, autoprocessing rtx toxin rtxa from vibrio cholerae. the rid domain causes actin depolymerization and rounding of host cells through inactivation of the small rho gtpases rho, rac, and cdc42. with only a few toxin proteins containing rid domains in the current sequence database, the structure and molecular mechanisms of this domain are unknown. using comparative sequence and structural analyses, we report homology ... | 2009 | 19434753 |
| fungal and bacterial killing by neutrophils. | neutrophils are professional phagocytes of the innate immune system that are essential to control bacterial and fungal infections. these cells engulf and kill invading microbes. additionally, activated neutrophils are able to release neutrophil extracellular traps (nets). these fibers consist of chromatin decorated with antimicrobial proteins to trap and kill microbes. appropriate quantitative methods are required to understand the nature of interactions of neutrophils with pathogens. here we pr ... | 2009 | 19089391 |
| extensive antibody cross-reactivity among infectious gram-negative bacteria revealed by proteome microarray analysis. | antibodies provide a sensitive indicator of proteins displayed by bacteria during sepsis. because signals produced by infection are naturally amplified during the antibody response, host immunity can be used to identify biomarkers for proteins that are present at levels currently below detectable limits. we developed a microarray comprising approximately 70% of the 4066 proteins contained within the yersinia pestis proteome to identify antibody biomarkers distinguishing plague from infections ca ... | 2009 | 19112181 |
| diagnosis and prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in children less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in tehran children's hospitals. | acute diarrhea disease is the second cause of death among all infectious diseases in children younger than 5 years of age worldwide. the aim of this study was to employ a combination of biochemical, microbiological and molecular diagnostic techniques to investigate the stools of iranian children with acute diarrhea for bacterial enteropathogens. | 2009 | 19117609 |
| genetics and environmental regulation of shigella iron transport systems. | shigella spp. have transport systems for both ferric and ferrous iron. the iron can be taken up as free iron or complexed to a variety of carriers. all shigella species have both the feo and sit systems for acquisition of ferrous iron, and all have at least one siderophore-mediated system for transport of ferric iron. several of the transport systems, including sit, iuc/iuta (aerobactin synthesis and transport), fec (ferric di-citrate uptake), and shu (heme transport) are encoded within pathogen ... | 2009 | 19130265 |
| frequency of isolation of various subtypes and antimicrobial resistance of shigella from urban slums of karachi, pakistan. | shigellosis remains a major public health problem in developing countries. antimicrobial resistance has complicated the empirical treatment. knowledge of serotypes is crucial in vaccine development, as cross-protection between various serotypes is limited. therefore we conducted a prospective study to determine the frequency of isolation of shigella serotypes and antimicrobial resistance. | 2009 | 19135399 |
| tight junctions as targets of infectious agents. | the epithelial barrier is a critical border that segregates luminal material from entering tissues. essential components of this epithelial fence are physical intercellular structures termed tight junctions. these junctions use a variety of transmembrane proteins coupled with cytoplasmic adaptors, and the actin cytoskeleton, to attach adjacent cells together thereby forming intercellular seals. breaching of this barrier has profound effects on human health and disease, as barrier deficiencies ha ... | 2009 | 19059200 |
| prevalence of sulfonamide resistance genes in bacterial isolates from manured agricultural soils and pig slurry in the united kingdom. | the prevalences of three sulfonamide resistance genes, sul1, sul2, and sul3 and sulfachloropyridazine (scp) resistance were determined in bacteria isolated from manured agricultural clay soils and slurry samples in the united kingdom over a 2-year period. slurry from tylosin-fed pigs amended with scp and oxytetracycline was used for manuring. isolates positive for sul genes were further screened for the presence of class 1 and 2 integrons. phenotypic resistance to scp was significantly higher in ... | 2009 | 19064898 |
| contribution of the periplasmic chaperone skp to efficient presentation of the autotransporter icsa on the surface of shigella flexneri. | icsa is an outer membrane protein in the autotransporter family that is required for shigella flexneri pathogenesis. following its secretion through the sec translocon, icsa is incorporated into the outer membrane in a process that depends on yaet, a component of an outer membrane beta-barrel insertion machinery. we investigated the role of the periplasmic chaperone skp in icsa maturation. skp is required for the presentation of the mature amino terminus (alpha-domain) of icsa on the bacterial s ... | 2009 | 19047350 |
| metabolic control through ornithine and uracil of epithelial cell invasion by shigella flexneri. | this paper shows that compounds in defined growth media strongly influence the expression of the effectors of virulence in the human invasive pathogen shigella flexneri. ornithine in conjunction with uracil reduces the haemolytic ability of wild-type cultures more than 20-fold and the expression of the type iii secretion system more than 8-fold, as monitored by an mxic : : lacz transcriptional reporter. mxic gene expression is further decreased by the presence of methionine or branched-chain ami ... | 2009 | 19460819 |
| design, synthesis, and immunochemical characterization of a chimeric glycopeptide corresponding to the shigella flexneri y o-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic mdwnmhaa. | two glycopeptide chimeras corresponding to the shigella flexneri y o-polysaccharide and its peptide mimic were designed in an attempt to improve the binding affinity by increasing the entropy of binding relative to the original octapeptide mimic of the o-polysaccharide. the design was based on the x-ray crystal structures of a monoclonal antibody sya/j6 in complex with its cognate ligands, a pentasaccharide corresponding to the s. flexneri y o-polysaccharide and the octapeptide mimic, mdwnmhaa. ... | 2009 | 19467535 |
| ipab-ipgc interaction defines binding motif for type iii secretion translocator. | the delivery of virulence factors into host cells through type iii secretion systems is essential for enterobacterial pathogenesis. molecular chaperones bind specifically to virulence factors in the bacterial cytosol before secretion. invasion plasmid gene c (ipgc) is a chaperone that binds 2 essential virulence factors of shigella: invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) b and c. here, we report the crystal structure of ipgc alone and in complex with the chaperone binding domain (cbd) of ipab. the chap ... | 2009 | 19478065 |
| protein interaction platforms: visualization of interacting proteins in yeast. | here we describe the protein interaction platform assay, a method for identifying interacting proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae. this assay relies on the reovirus scaffolding protein microns, which forms large focal inclusions in living cells. when a query protein is fused to microns and potential interaction partners are fused to a fluorescent reporter, interactors can be identified by screening for yeast that display fluorescent foci. | 2009 | 19483691 |
| lack of antimicrobial activity by the antiretroviral drug nevirapine against common bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19487448 | |
| bacteria hijack integrin-linked kinase to stabilize focal adhesions and block cell detachment. | the rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. nevertheless, many pathogenic bacteria, including shigella, are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the epithelium efficiently. here we show that the shigella flexneri effector ospe (consisting of ospe1 and ospe2 proteins), which is highly conserved among enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli, citrobacter rodentium and salmonella strains, rei ... | 2009 | 19489119 |
| comparative study of pathogenicity tests for shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli strains. | the purpose of this study was to optimize an in vitro pathogenicity model, as an alternative to sereny test (on guinea pigs). the study was performed on 13 shigella spp. and 3 enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) strains isolated in romania between 2005 and 2007. the investigation implied the comparative evaluation between the sereny test and cravioto's adapted method for the assessment of the adherence and invasion capacity of the studied bacterial strains on hela cells, as well as the pcr de ... | 2009 | 19507627 |
| bacterial type iii effectors inhibit cell lifting by targeting integrin-linked kinase. | many pathogenic bacteria are able to surmount exfoliation and colonize the host epithelium efficiently. in a recent article in nature, kim et al. (2009) show that shigella flexneri ospe, a conserved type iii effector, reinforces host cell adherence and prevents detachment of the infected cells by interacting with integrin-linked kinase. | 2009 | 19527878 |
| evaluation of antibacterial activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of thespesia populnea flower extracts. | flavonoids which were reported as having many pharmacological activities, antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, chemoprevention activities and they possess strong antiproliferative effects related to inhibition of cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction. on the basis of this thespesia populnea (l.) sol. ex correa (family-malvaceae) was selected and it is having the major composition of flavonoids and the antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of thespesia populnea flowers was inves ... | 2009 | 19553175 |
| the cellular level of o-antigen polymerase wzy determines chain length regulation by wzzb and wzzphs-2 in shigella flexneri 2a. | the lipopolysaccharide o antigen of shigella flexneri 2a has two preferred chain lengths, a short (s-oag) composed of an average of 17 repeated units and a very long (vl-oag) of about 90 repeated units. these chain length distributions are controlled by the chromosomally encoded wzzb and the plasmid-encoded wzz(phs-2) proteins, respectively. in this study, genes wzzb, wzz(phs-2) and wzy (encoding the o-antigen polymerase) were cloned under the control of arabinose- and rhamnose-inducible promote ... | 2009 | 19556292 |
| rational design and immunogenicity of liposome-based diepitope constructs: application to synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the shigella flexneri 2a o-antigen. | we have designed chemically defined diepitope constructs consisting of liposomes displaying at their surface synthetic oligosaccharides mimicking the o-antigen of the shigella flexneri 2a lipopolysaccharide (b-cell epitope) and influenza hemagglutinin peptide ha 307-319 (th epitope). using well controlled and high-yielding covalent bioconjugation reactions, the two structurally independent epitopes were coupled to the lipopeptide pam(3)cag, i.e. a tlr2 ligand known for its adjuvant properties, a ... | 2009 | 19559116 |
| a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of lactobacillus gg in infantile diarrhea. | in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 229 infants hospitalized for acute diarrhea in rural india were given a 10-day course of lactobacillus rhammosus gg (minimum dose, 10 degrees bacteria) or placebo. there was no difference in groups in the duration of diarrhea or numbers of stool on days 3, 6, or 10 of treatment. | 2009 | 19559297 |
| listeria monocytogenes membrane trafficking and lifestyle: the exception or the rule? | listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular bacterial pathogen that promotes its internalization within nonprofessional phagocytes by interacting with specific host cell receptors. l. monocytogenes resides transiently in a membrane-bound compartment before escaping into the host cell cytosol where bacterial proliferation takes place. actin-based motility then promotes cell-to-cell pathogen spread. extensive studies on cytoskeleton rearrangements, membrane trafficking, and other events have establ ... | 2009 | 19575658 |
| ptdins5p protects akt from dephosphorylation through pp2a inhibition. | phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (ptdins5p), the most recently discovered phosphoinositide, has been proposed to play a role as a lipid mediator of intracellular signaling. we have previously shown that ptdins5p generated by ipgd, an effector of the causative agent of dysentery shigella flexneri, activates the pi 3-kinase/akt pathway. here, we demonstrate that ptdins5p is able to protect akt from dephosphorylation. this effect is not due to inhibition of the phosphoinositide phosphatase regulati ... | 2009 | 19576174 |
| improvement of an acid phosphatase/dhap-dependent aldolase cascade reaction by using directed evolution. | to enhance the phosphorylating activity of the bacterial nonspecific acid phosphatase from salmonella enterica ser. typhimurium lt2 towards dihydroxyacetone (dha), a mutant library was generated from the native enzyme. three different variants that showed enhanced activity were identified after one round of eppcr. the single mutant v78l was the most active and showed an increase in the maximal dhap concentration to 25 % higher than that of the wild-type enzyme at ph 6.0. this variant is 17 times ... | 2009 | 19623595 |
| [isolation and study of perspective probiotic strain of spore-forming bacteria from bacillus genus]. | to study physiologic, biochemical as well as antagonistic characteristics of isolated strain of bacillus pumilus in comparison with known spore-forming bacteria from b. subtilis species. | 2009 | 19623717 |
| purification and characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane protein of shigella flexneri 2a. | in the present study we purified 34 kda major outer membrane protein (momp) of shigella flexneri 2a for the first time, which was cross-reactive and antigenically conserved among shigella spp. and the epitope was surface exposed on the intact bacterium. the purified antigen was found to be glycosylated, which aids in binding to macrophages and up-regulated the production of nitric oxide, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and il-12p70, indicating that the momp is immunogenic and has the abili ... | 2009 | 19660587 |
| screening, purification, and identification of the enzyme producing n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester. | screening was carried out for microorganisms able to produce n-(l-alpha-l-aspartyl)-l-phenylalanine methyl ester [apm] from l-isoasparagine and l-phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. of the 422 strains examined, 44 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae were found to produce apm. the enzyme catalyzing apm production was purified and identified as dipeptidase e. | 2009 | 19664550 |
| bacterial jailbreak sounds cellular alarm: phagosome membrane remnants trigger signaling. | shigella flexneri and other invasive bacteria rupture the phagosome membrane and escape to the host cytoplasm. now, dupont et al. address the fate and signaling functions of pathogen vacuole remnants and show that these membrane fragments trigger host-cell-signaling responses, including polyubiquitination, autophagy, and pyroptosis. | 2009 | 19683675 |
| shigella phagocytic vacuolar membrane remnants participate in the cellular response to pathogen invasion and are regulated by autophagy. | intracellular pathogens like shigella flexneri enter host cells by phagocytosis. once inside, the pathogen breaks the vacuolar membrane for cytosolic access. the fate and function of the vacuolar membrane remnants are not clear. examining shigella-infected nonmyeloid cells, we observed that proteins associated with vacuolar membrane remnants are polyubiquinated, recruit the autophagy marker lc3 and adaptor p62, and are targeted to autophagic degradation. further, inflammasome components and casp ... | 2009 | 19683680 |
| a genome-scale proteomic screen identifies a role for dnak in chaperoning of polar autotransporters in shigella. | autotransporters are outer membrane proteins that are widely distributed among gram-negative bacteria. like other autotransporters, the shigella autotransporter icsa, which is required for actin assembly during infection, is secreted at the bacterial pole. in the bacterial cytoplasm, icsa localizes to poles and potential cell division sites independent of the cell division protein ftsz. to identify bacterial proteins involved in the targeting of icsa to the pole in the bacterial cytoplasm, we sc ... | 2009 | 19684128 |
| protective role of mouse mbl-c on intestinal mucosa during shigella flexneri invasion. | mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is a c-type serum lectin, which is believed to play an important role in the innate immunity against a variety of pathogens. mbl can bind to sugar determinants of a wide variety of microorganisms, neutralize them and inhibit infection by complement activation through the lectin pathway and opsonization by collectin receptors. given that small intestine is a predominant site of extrahepatic expression of mbl, here we addressed the question whether mbl is involved in mu ... | 2009 | 19684159 |
| a novel glucosyltransferase involved in o-antigen modification of shigella flexneri serotype 1c. | the o antigen of serotype 1c differs from the unmodified o antigen of serotype y by the addition of a disaccharide (two glucosyl groups) to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit. it was shown here that addition of the first glucosyl group is mediated by the previously characterized gtri cluster, which is found within a cryptic prophage at the proa locus in the bacterial chromosome. transposon mutagenesis was performed to disrupt the gene responsible for addition of the second glucosyl group, causin ... | 2009 | 19717593 |
| high-affinity inhibitors of trna-guanine transglycosylase replacing the function of a structural water cluster. | the trna-modifying enzyme trna-guanine transglycosylase (tgt) is essential for the pathogenic mechanism of shigella flexneri, the causing agent of the bacterial diarrheal disease shigellosis. herein, the synthesis of a new class of rationally designed 6-amino-imidazo[4,5-g]quinazolin-8(7h)-one- (lin-benzoguanine) based inhibitors of tgt are reported. in order to accommodate a small hydrophobic crevice opening near the binding site of ribose-34, 2-aminoethyl substituents were introduced in positi ... | 2009 | 19746363 |
| molecular detection of all 34 distinct o-antigen forms of shigella. | shigella is the cause of shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, the occurrence of which is estimated to be 165 million cases per year worldwide, resulting in 1.1 million deaths. rapid and reliable assays for detecting and identifying shigella in food, environmental and clinical samples are therefore necessary. shigella species are traditionally identified by their o antigens. this study developed a dna microarray targeting o-serotype-specific genes to detect all 34 distinct o-antigen forms of shige ... | 2009 | 19074655 |
| studies on the antidiarrhoeal activity of aegle marmelos unripe fruit: validating its traditional usage. | aegle marmelos (l.) correa has been widely used in indigenous systems of indian medicine due to its various medicinal properties. however, despite its traditional usage as an anti-diarrhoeal there is limited information regarding its mode of action in infectious forms of diarrhoea. hence, we evaluated the hot aqueous extract (decoction) of dried unripe fruit pulp of a. marmelos for its antimicrobial activity and effect on various aspects of pathogenicity of infectious diarrhoea. | 2009 | 19930633 |
| a unified approach to molecular epidemiology investigations: tools and patterns in california as a case study for endemic shigellosis. | shigellosis causes diarrheal disease in humans from both developed and developing countries, and multi-drug resistance is an emerging problem. the objective of this study is to present a unified approach that can be used to characterize endemic and outbreak patterns of shigellosis using use a suite of epidemiologic and molecular techniques. the approach is applied to a california case study example of endemic shigellosis at the population level. | 2009 | 19930709 |
| enteroinvasive escherichia coli vs. shigella flexneri: how different patterns of gene expression affect virulence. | important features of the enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) phenotype and gene expression likely to confer eiec with a lower ability to cause disease than shigella flexneri were described here for the first time. to confirm the lower pathogenicity of eiec, we have analyzed the keratoconjunctivitis developed in guinea-pigs with eiec or s. flexneri. shigella flexneri induced a more pronounced proinflammatory response, whereas eiec induced a mild form of the disease. eiec showed a significantl ... | 2009 | 19889166 |
| inactivated and subunit vaccines to prevent shigellosis. | shigellosis remains a formidable disease globally, with children of the developing world bearing the greatest number of infections. the need for an affordable, safe and efficacious vaccine has persisted for decades. vaccines to prevent shigellosis can be divided into living and nonliving approaches. several nonliving shigella vaccines are currently at different stages of development and show substantial promise. outlined here is an overview of multiple nonliving vaccine technologies, highlightin ... | 2009 | 19943764 |
| a changing picture of shigellosis in southern vietnam: shifting species dominance, antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical presentation. | shigellosis remains considerable public health problem in some developing countries. the nature of shigellae suggests that they are highly adaptable when placed under selective pressure in a human population. this is demonstrated by variation and fluctuations in serotypes and antimicrobial resistance profile of organisms circulating in differing setting in endemic locations. antimicrobial resistance in the genus shigella is a constant threat, with reports of organisms in asia being resistant to ... | 2009 | 20003464 |
| helicobacter pylori induces mapk phosphorylation and ap-1 activation via a nod1-dependent mechanism. | helicobacter pylori rapidly activates mapks and transcription factors, nf-kappab and ap-1, in gastric epithelial cells following host attachment. activation of these signal transducers is largely dependent on the cag pathogenicity island (cagpai)-encoded type iv secretion system. h. pylori was shown to translocate peptidoglycan through the type iv secretion system, which is recognized by the pathogen recognition molecule, nod1, thus resulting in nf-kappab activation. the mechanisms of h. pylori- ... | 2009 | 20007577 |
| computational study of the conformational structures of saccharides in solution based on j couplings and the "fast sugar structure prediction software". | this article reports on the implementation of j coupling calculations in our recently developed fast sugar structure prediction software (fsps). the fsps combines a smart and exhaustive algorithm to search through conformational space with the calculation of different experimental nuclear magnetic resonance observables to establish the conformation of saccharides in solution. using our algorithm in combination with nmr data, we investigate the solution structure of three simple disaccharides (me ... | 2009 | 19795837 |
| uropathogenic escherichia coli suppresses the host inflammatory response via pathogenicity island genes sisa and sisb. | extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli can successfully colonize the urinary tract of the immunocompetent host. in part, this is accomplished by dampening the host immune response. indeed, the sisa and sisb genes (shia-like inflammation suppressor genes a and b) of uropathogenic e. coli strain cft073, homologs of the shigella flexneri shi-2 pathogenicity island gene shia, suppress the host inflammatory response. a double deletion mutant (deltasisa deltasisb) resulted in a hyperinflammatory ... | 2009 | 19797063 |
| effects of enteropathogenic bacteria & lactobacilli on chemokine secretion & toll like receptor gene expression in two human colonic epithelial cell lines. | the intestinal epithelium is part of the innate immune system responding to contact with pathogenic or commensal bacteria. the objective of this study was to compare innate responses of intestinal epithelial cell lines to pathogenic bacteria and to lactobacilli. | 2009 | 19797815 |
| proteome analysis of an attenuated francisella tularensis dsba mutant: identification of potential dsba substrate proteins. | francisella tularensis (f. tularensis) is highly infectious for humans via aerosol route and untreated infections with the highly virulent subsp. tularensis can be fatal. our knowledge regarding key virulence determinants has increased recently but is still somewhat limited. surface proteins are potential virulence factors and therapeutic targets, and in this study, we decided to target three genes encoding putative membrane lipoproteins in f. tularensis lvs. one of the genes encoded a protein w ... | 2009 | 19799467 |