Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
strain characterization of the korean cwd cases in 2001 and 2004.chronic wasting disease (cwd) has been recognized as a naturally occurring prion disease in north american deer (odocoileus species), rocky mountain elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) and moose (alces alces). the disease was confirmed only in elk in the republic of korea in 2001, 2004 and 2005. epidemiological investigations showed that cwd was introduced via importation of infected elk from canada between 1994 and 1997. in spite of the increasing geographic distribution and host range of cwd, little ...201322972463
surveillance for echinococcus canadensis genotypes in canadian ungulates.the geographic and host distribution, prevalence and genotypes of echinococcus canadensis in wild ungulates in canada are described to better understand the significance for wildlife and public health. we observed e. canadensis in 10.5% (11/105) of wild elk (wapiti; cervus canadensis) in riding mountain national park, manitoba, examined at necropsy, over two consecutive years (2010-2011). molecular characterization of hydatid cyst material from these elk, as well as three other intermediate wild ...201324533321
parasitic zoonoses: one health surveillance in northern saskatchewan.we report the results of a joint human-animal health investigation in a dene community in northern saskatchewan, where residents harvest wildlife (including moose, bear, elk, and fish), live in close contact with free roaming dogs, and lack access to permanent veterinary services. fecal analysis of owned and free-roaming dogs over two consecutive years (n = 92, 103) identified several parasites of public health concern, including toxocara canis, diphyllobothrium spp., echinococcus/taenia, crypto ...201323556025
phylogenetic relationships among sarcocystis species in cervids, cattle and sheep inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene.coccidian parasites in the genus sarcocystis have a two-host life cycle, and have traditionally been identified on the basis of morphological features of the sarcocyst stage in their intermediate hosts. additional molecular species identification, delimitation and phylogeny of sarcocystis spp. have been based mainly on the nuclear ssrrna gene. this gene is well suited for discrimination between more distant species but less so for closely related species. the objective of this study was therefor ...201323542092
predicting shifts in parasite distribution with climate change: a multitrophic level approach.climate change likely will lead to increasingly favourable environmental conditions for many parasites. however, predictions regarding parasitism's impacts often fail to account for the likely variability in host distribution and how this may alter parasite occurrence. here, we investigate potential distributional shifts in the meningeal worm, parelaphostrongylosis tenuis, a protostrongylid nematode commonly found in white-tailed deer in north america, whose life cycle also involves a free-livin ...201323666800
temporal and spatial variation in anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in swedish moose (alces alces).the occurrence of anaplasma phagocytophilum was investigated in spleen and serum samples from swedish moose (alces alces) in southern sweden (island and mainland). samples were analysed for presence of a. phagocytophilum dna by real-time pcr (n = 263), and for anaplasma antibodies with elisa serology (n = 234). all serum samples had antibodies against a. phagocytophilum. the mean dna-based prevalence was 26·3%, and significant (p < 0·01) temporal, and spatial variation was found. island moose ha ...201324001524
prevalence and geographic distribution of canine and feline blastomycosis in the canadian prairies.this retrospective study reports patient signalment, method of diagnosis and geographic distribution, and examines trends in prevalence and seasonal distribution of blastomycosis cases submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in saskatchewan over a 21-year period. of the 143 cases that originated from saskatchewan and manitoba 137 were from canine and 6 from feline patients. signalment was similar to that previously reported. all cases originated in southern saskatchewan and manitoba, pri ...201324155475
biomass flow and scavengers use of carcasses after re-colonization of an apex predator.reestablishment of apex predators influences the availability and distribution of biomass for scavengers and can therefore be an important agent for structuring species communities. we studied how the re-colonization of the scandinavian peninsula by wolves (canis lupus) affected the amount and temporal variation in use of moose (alces alces) carcasses.201324194881
introducing a rigid loop structure from deer into mouse prion protein increases its propensity for misfolding in vitro.prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders characterized by misfolding of the cellular prion protein (prp(c)) into the disease-associated isoform (prp(sc)) that has increased β-sheet content and partial resistance to proteolytic digestion. prion diseases from different mammalian species have varying propensities for transmission upon exposure of an uninfected host to the infectious agent. chronic wasting disease (cwd) is a highly transmissible prion disease that affects free ranging an ...201323825561
the influence of winter severity, predation and senescence on moose habitat use.habitat use is widely known to be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors, such as climate, population density, foraging opportunity and predation risk. the influence of the life-history state of an individual organism on habitat use is less well understood, especially for terrestrial mammals. there is good reason to expect that life-history state would affect habitat use. for example, organisms exhibiting poor condition associated with senescence have an increased vulnerability to predation an ...201323205630
reproductive success and failure: the role of winter body mass in reproductive allocation in norwegian moose.a life history strategy that favours somatic growth over reproduction is well known for long-lived iteroparous species, especially in unpredictable environments. risk-sensitive female reproductive allocation can be achieved by a reduced reproductive effort at conception, or the subsequent adjustment of investment during gestation or lactation in response to unexpected environmental conditions or resource availability. we investigated the relative importance of reduced investment at conception co ...201323223863
short-term digestible energy intake in captive moose (alces alces) on different diets.moose (alces alces) are regularly described as problematic animals in captivity, mainly because of their particular digestive physiology and resulting feeding demands. according to the literature, moose regularly reject non-browse forages offered in captivity, which may indirectly lead to an overproportional ingestion of easily digestible feeds and thus chronic acidosis, which may in turn be the cause of their low life expectancy in captivity. by feeding experiments in four animals, this study a ...201323801273
high elaeophorosis prevalence among harvested colorado moose.infection with elaeophora schneideri, a filarial parasite, occurs commonly in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni), but seemingly less so in moose (alces alces). of 109 carotid artery samples from moose harvested throughout colorado, usa, in 2007, 14 (13%; 95% binomial confidence interval [bci]=7-21%) showed gross and 91 (83%; 95% bci=75-90%) showed histologic evidence of elaeophorosis. although neither blindness nor other clinical signs associated with elaeophorosis ...201323778618
behavioural responses to thermal conditions affect seasonal mass change in a heat-sensitive northern ungulate.empirical tests that link temperature-mediated changes in behaviour (activity and resource selection) to individual fitness or condition are currently lacking for endotherms yet may be critical to understanding the effect of climate change on population dynamics. moose (alces alces) are thought to suffer from heat stress in all seasons so provide a good biological model to test whether exposure to non-optimal ambient temperatures influence seasonal changes in body mass. seasonal mass change is a ...201323776584
multi-trophic resource selection function enlightens the behavioural game between wolves and their prey.1. habitat selection strategies translate into movement tactics, which reckon with the predator-prey spatial game. strategic habitat selection analysis can therefore illuminate behavioural games. cover types at potential encounter sites (i.e. intersections between movement paths of predator and prey) can be compared with cover types available (i) within the area of home-range-overlap (hro) between predator and prey; and (ii) along the path (mp) of each species. unlike the hro scale, cover-type a ...201323701257
ixodes ricinus infestation in free-ranging cervids in norway--a study based upon ear examinations of hunted animals.prevalence, abundance and instar composition of ixodes ricinus as found on one ear collected from 1019 moose (alces alces), red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus), shot during hunting (august-december) 2001-2003, are reported. the animals originated from 15 coastal municipalities (cm), seven municipalities bordering to coastal municipalities (bcm) and four inland municipalities (im), in norway, between latitudes 58-66° n. i. ricinus occurred endemically in all cm and bcm up ...201323541678
understanding scales of movement: animals ride waves and ripples of environmental change.animal movements are the primary behavioural adaptation to spatiotemporal heterogeneity in resource availability. depending on their spatiotemporal scale, movements have been categorized into distinct functional groups (e.g. foraging movements, dispersal, migration), and have been studied using different methodologies. we suggest striving towards the development of a coherent framework based on the ultimate function of all movement types, which is to increase individual fitness through an optima ...201323414218
assessment of doses to game animals in finland.a study was carried out to assess the dose rates to game animals in finland affected by the radioactive caesium deposition that occurred after the accident at the chernobyl nuclear power plant in ukraine in 1986. the aim of this assessment was to obtain new information on the dose rates to mammals and birds under finnish conditions. dose rates were calculated using the erica assessment tool developed within the ec 6th framework programme. the input data consisted of measured activity concentrati ...201323395135
effects of tree species richness and composition on moose winter browsing damage and foraging selectivity: an experimental study.the optimal foraging theory, the nutrient balance hypothesis, and the plant association theories predict that foraging decisions and resulting tree damage by large mammalian browsers may be influenced by the species richness and species composition of forest stands. this may lead to either associational susceptibility (increased damage on a focal plant in a mixed stand) or associational resistance (reduced damage in a mixed stand). better understanding of the mechanisms and the relative importan ...201323363076
gastrointestinal nematodes of moose (alces alces) in relation to supplementary feeding.winter supplementary feeding of wildlife is controversial because it may promote parasite and disease transmission by host aggregation. we investigated the effect of winter supplemental feeding of scandinavian moose (alces alces) on gastrointestinal (gi) parasite infection in two counties of southern norway by comparing fecal egg counts of moose using, and not using, feeding stations between january 2007 and march 2010. we identified three different gi nematodes based on egg morphology. all thre ...201323307373
seasonal foraging ecology of non-migratory cougars in a system with migrating prey.we tested for seasonal differences in cougar (puma concolor) foraging behaviors in the southern yellowstone ecosystem, a multi-prey system in which ungulate prey migrate, and cougars do not. we recorded 411 winter prey and 239 summer prey killed by 28 female and 10 male cougars, and an additional 37 prey items by unmarked cougars. deer composed 42.4% of summer cougar diets but only 7.2% of winter diets. males and females, however, selected different proportions of different prey; male cougars se ...201324349498
effects of inbreeding on fitness-related traits in a small isolated moose population.inbreeding can affect fitness-related traits at different life history stages and may interact with environmental variation to induce even larger effects. we used genetic parentage assignment based on 22 microsatellite loci to determine a 25 year long pedigree for a newly established island population of moose with 20-40 reproducing individuals annually. we used the pedigree to calculate individual inbreeding coefficients and examined for effects of individual inbreeding (f) and heterozygosity o ...201324324873
decomposing risk: landscape structure and wolf behavior generate different predation patterns in two sympatric ungulates.recolonizing carnivores can have a large impact on the status of wild ungulates, which have often modified their behavior in the absence of predation. therefore, understanding the dynamics of reestablished predator-prey systems is crucial to predict their potential ecosystem effects. we decomposed the spatial structure of predation by recolonizing wolves (canis lupus) on two sympatric ungulates, moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus), in scandinavia during a 10-year study. we mon ...201324261051
fast and efficient dna-based method for winter diet analysis from stools of three cervids: moose, red deer, and roe deer.effects of cervid browsing on timber production, especially during winter, lead to economic losses in forest management. the aim of this study was to present an efficient dna-based method which allows qualitative assessment of the winter diet from stools of moose (alces alces), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), and red deer (cervus elaphus). the preliminary results of the diet composition of the three cervids from poland were also presented with a special emphasis on moose. the electropherograms o ...201324244041
complex patterns of population genetic structure of moose, alces alces, after recent spatial expansion in poland revealed by sex-linked markers.in recent years, human activity directly and indirectly influenced the demography of moose in poland. the species was close to extinction, and only a few isolated populations survived after the second world war; then, unprecedented demographic and spatial expansions had occurred, possibly generating a very complex pattern of population genetic structure at the present-day margins of the species range in poland. over 370 moose from seven populations were collected from poland, and partial sequenc ...201324244040
a gene transfer agent and a dynamic repertoire of secretion systems hold the keys to the explosive radiation of the emerging pathogen bartonella.gene transfer agents (gtas) randomly transfer short fragments of a bacterial genome. a novel putative gta was recently discovered in the mouse-infecting bacterium bartonella grahamii. although gtas are widespread in phylogenetically diverse bacteria, their role in evolution is largely unknown. here, we present a comparative analysis of 16 bartonella genomes ranging from 1.4 to 2.6 mb in size, including six novel genomes from bartonella isolated from a cow, two moose, two dogs, and a kangaroo. a ...201323555299
prevalence and diversity among anaplasma phagocytophilum strains originating from ixodes ricinus ticks from northwest norway.the tick-borne pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum causes great concern for livestock farmers. tick-borne fever is a widespread disease in norway, and antibodies have been produced amongst sheep, roe deer, red deer, and moose. the main vector ixodes ricinus is found along the norwegian coastline as far north as the arctic circle. a total number of 1804 i. ricinus ticks were collected and the prevalence of the pathogen was determined by species-specific qpcr. the overall infection rate varied from ...201425215241
resurrection and redescription of varestrongylus alces (nematoda: protostrongylidae), a lungworm of the eurasian moose (alces alces), with report on associated pathology.varestrongylus alces, a lungworm in eurasian moose from europe has been considered a junior synonym of varestrongylus capreoli, in european roe deer, due to a poorly detailed morphological description and the absence of a type-series.201425518921
detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus antibodies in moose (alces americana), maine, 2010.moose sera were collected from harvested animals during the 2010 hunting season in maine. of the 145 serum samples screened by plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt), 16 (11%) had antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev). positive samples were collected from aroostook county (n=13), somerset county (n=2), and piscataquis county (n=1) in northern and central maine. preliminary mosquito surveillance revealed the presence of enzootic and bridge vectors mosquitoes, including culis ...201424359417
first reports of pseudorabies and winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) associated with an emerging feral swine (sus scrofa) population in new hampshire.the expansion of feral swine (sus scrofa) populations into new geographic regions is of concern not only due to increased range but also because they carry diseases and parasites that pose a threat to humans, livestock, and wildlife into new areas. recently, emerging feral swine populations have been reported in the northeastern us and due to their adaptive nature will likely continue to spread. during 2009-2012, 49 feral swine were removed from three counties in new hampshire. of these, serum s ...201424171577
salt licks do not increase local densities of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi, an abundant ectoparasite of cervids.the deer ked, lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboscidae), is a common ectoparasite of the moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae). salt licks are widely used to manipulate moose movements to prevent damage to saplings and traffic accidents. they may cause moose to gather in small areas, which could create aggregates of deer ked pupae as the parasite is a short-distance flyer and its dispersion depends on its hosts. we investigated whether the population density of flying deer keds could be inf ...201424131141
moose (alces alces) reacts to high summer temperatures by utilizing thermal shelters in boreal forests - an analysis based on airborne laser scanning of the canopy structure at moose locations.the adaptation of different species to warming temperatures has been increasingly studied. moose (alces alces) is the largest of the ungulate species occupying the northern latitudes across the globe, and in finland it is the most important game species. it is very well adapted to severe cold temperatures, but has a relatively low tolerance to warm temperatures. previous studies have documented changes in habitat use by moose due to high temperatures. in many of these studies, the used areas hav ...201424115403
population properties affect inbreeding avoidance in moose.mechanisms reducing inbreeding are thought to have evolved owing to fitness costs of breeding with close relatives. in small and isolated populations, or populations with skewed age- or sex distributions, mate choice becomes limited, and inbreeding avoidance mechanisms ineffective. we used a unique individual-based dataset on moose from a small island in norway to assess whether inbreeding avoidance was related to population structure and size, expecting inbreeding avoidance to be greater in yea ...201425540152
high risk of lead contamination for scavengers in an area with high moose hunting success.top predators and scavengers are vulnerable to pollutants, particularly those accumulated along the food chain. lead accumulation can induce severe disorders and alter survival both in mammals (including humans) and in birds. a potential source of lead poisoning in wild animals, and especially in scavengers, results from the consumption of ammunition residues in the tissues of big game killed by hunters. for two consecutive years we quantified the level lead exposure in individuals of a sentinel ...201425389754
improvement of arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine.the effect of intranasal oxygen and/or early reversal of xylazine with atipamezole on arterial oxygenation in free-ranging moose (alces alces) immobilized with etorphine-acepromazine-xylazine with a cross-sectional clinical study on 33 adult moose was evaluated.201425124367
ungulate saliva inhibits a grass-endophyte mutualism.fungal endophytes modify plant-herbivore interactions by producing toxic alkaloids that deter herbivory. however, studies have neglected the direct effects herbivores may have on endophytes. antifungal properties and signalling effectors in herbivore saliva suggest that evolutionary pressures may select for animals that mitigate the effects of endophyte-produced alkaloids. here, we tested whether saliva of moose (alces alces) and european reindeer (rangifer tarandus) reduced hyphal elongation an ...201425055816
herbivores influence the growth, reproduction, and morphology of a widespread arctic willow.shrubs have expanded in arctic ecosystems over the past century, resulting in significant changes to albedo, ecosystem function, and plant community composition. willow and rock ptarmigan (lagopus lagopus, l. muta) and moose (alces alces) extensively browse arctic shrubs, and may influence their architecture, growth, and reproduction. furthermore, these herbivores may alter forage plants in such a way as to increase the quantity and accessibility of their own food source. we estimated the effect ...201425047582
testing the risk of predation hypothesis: the influence of recolonizing wolves on habitat use by moose.considered as absent throughout scandinavia for >100 years, wolves (canis lupus) have recently naturally recolonized south-central sweden. this recolonization has provided an opportunity to study behavioral responses of moose (alces alces) to wolves. we used satellite telemetry locations from collared moose and wolves to determine whether moose habitat use was affected by predation risk based on wolf use distributions. moose habitat use was influenced by reproductive status and time of day and s ...201425015119
reproductive failure in moose (alces alces) due to embryonic mortality and unfertilized oocytes.knowledge on reproductive success is vital for successful management of large ungulates and is often measured by means of observing surviving offspring. in harvested ungulates, postmortem investigations of reproductive organs are used to estimate reproductive potential by obtaining ovulation rates and fetus numbers. however, there are differences in numbers of offspring observed, fetal/embryo counts, and ovulation rates. we hypothesize that the discrepancy between estimated reproductive potentia ...201424954927
changing motivations during migration: linking movement speed to reproductive status in a migratory large mammal.a challenge in animal ecology is to link animal movement to demography. in general, reproducing and non-reproducing animals may show different movement patterns. dramatic changes in reproductive status, such as the loss of an offspring during the course of migration, might also affect movement. studies linking movement speed to reproductive status require individual monitoring of life-history events and hence are rare. here, we link movement data from 98 gps-collared female moose (alces alces) t ...201424942710
density-dependent habitat selection and partitioning between two sympatric ungulates.theory on density-dependent habitat selection predicts that as population density of a species increases, use of higher quality (primary) habitat by individuals declines while use of lower quality (secondary) habitat rises. habitat partitioning is often considered the primary mechanism for coexistence between similar species, but how this process evolves with changes in population density remains to be empirically tested for free-ranging ungulates. we used resource-selection functions to quantif ...201424913777
origin of dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae) on elk in the yukon, canada.winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) on elk (cervus elaphus canadensis) have recently increased in numbers in the yukon, canada, potentially posing risks to other indigenous host species in the region. to evaluate the regional source of winter ticks in the yukon, we sequenced one nuclear (its-2) and two mitochondrial (16srrna and coi) genes, and genotyped 14 microsatellite loci from 483 winter tick specimens collected across north america. we analyzed genetic variation across the geographic and ...201424779459
reproductive characteristics in female swedish moose (alces alces), with emphasis on puberty, timing of oestrus, and mating.the moose (alces alces) is an intensively managed keystone species in fennoscandia. several aspects of reproduction in moose have not been fully elucidated, including puberty, timing of mating and oestrus, and the length of the oestrus period. these aspects are relevant for an adaptive management of moose with respect to harvest, population size, demography and environmental conditions. therefore, an investigation of female moose reproduction was conducted during the moose-hunting period in sout ...201424735953
partial migration and transient coexistence of migrants and residents in animal populations.partial migration, whereby a proportion of the population migrates, is common across the animal kingdom. much of the focus in the literature has been on trying to explain the underlying mechanisms for the coexistence of migrants and residents. in addition, there has been an increasing number of reports on the prevalence and frequency of partially migratory populations. one possible explanation for the occurrence of partial migration, which has received no attention in the literature, is that of ...201424722396
benefits of migration in relation to nutritional condition and predation risk in a partially migratory moose population.the costs and benefits of alternative migratory strategies are often framed in the context of top-down and bottom-up effects on individual fitness. this occurs because migration is considered a costly behavioral strategy that presumably confers explicit benefits to migrants in the form of either decreased predation risk (predation risk avoidance hypothesis) or increased nutrition (forage maturation hypothesis). to test these hypotheses, we studied a partially migratory moose (alces alces) popula ...201424649661
where wolves kill moose: the influence of prey life history dynamics on the landscape ecology of predation.the landscape ecology of predation is well studied and known to be influenced by habitat heterogeneity. little attention has been given to how the influence of habitat heterogeneity on the landscape ecology of predation might be modulated by life history dynamics of prey in mammalian systems. we demonstrate how life history dynamics of moose (alces alces) contribute to landscape patterns in predation by wolves (canis lupus) in isle royale national park, lake superior, usa. we use pattern analysi ...201424622241
high-throughput dna sequencing of the ruminal bacteria from moose (alces alces) in vermont, alaska, and norway.in the present study, the rumen bacteria of moose (alces alces) from three distinct geographic locations were investigated. moose are large, browsing ruminants in the deer family, which subsist on fibrous, woody browse, and aquatic plants. subspecies exist which are distinguished by differing body and antler size, and these are somewhat geographically isolated. seventeen rumen samples were collected from moose in vermont, alaska, and norway, and bacterial 16s ribosomal rna genes were sequenced u ...201424595908
mercury in aquatic forage of large herbivores: impact of environmental conditions, assessment of health threats, and implications for transfer across ecosystem compartments.mercury (hg) is a leading contaminant across u.s. water bodies, warranting concern for wildlife species that depend upon food from aquatic systems. the risk of hg toxicity to large herbivores is little understood, even though some large herbivores consume aquatic vascular plants (macrophytes) that may hyper-accumulate hg. we investigated whether total hg and methylmercury (mehg) in aquatic forage may be of concern to moose (alces alces) and beaver (castor canadensis) by measuring total hg and me ...201424534700
invasion rate of deer ked depends on spatiotemporal variation in host density.invasive parasites are of great global concern. understanding the factors influencing the spread of invading pest species is a first step in developing effective countermeasures. growing empirical evidence suggests that spread rates are essentially influenced by spatiotemporal dynamics of host-parasite interactions, yet approaches modelling spread rate have typically assumed static environmental conditions. we analysed invasion history of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) in finland with a diffusio ...201424521661
first report of taenia arctos (cestoda: taeniidae) from grizzly (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) in north america.the cestode taenia arctos was found at necropsy in the small intestine of a grizzly (ursus arctos horribilis) and a black bear (ursus americanus) from kananaskis country in southwestern alberta, canada. the autolysis of the tapeworm specimens precluded detailed morphological characterization of the parasites but molecular analysis based on mitochondrial dna cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene confirmed their identity as t. arctos. this is the first report of t. arctos from definitive hosts in no ...201424382413
modeling seasonal behavior changes and disease transmission with application to chronic wasting disease.behavior and habitat of wildlife animals change seasonally according to environmental conditions. mathematical models need to represent this seasonality to be able to make realistic predictions about the future of a population and the effectiveness of human interventions. managing and modeling disease in wild animal populations requires particular care in that disease transmission dynamics is a critical consideration in the etiology of both human and animal diseases, with different transmission ...201424035840
surveys on coxiella burnetii infections in swedish cattle, sheep, goats and moose.q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium coxiella burnetii. prevalence data in ruminant species are important to support risk assessments regarding public and animal health. the aim was to investigate the presence of or exposure to c. burnetii in cattle, sheep, goats and moose, and to compare two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). national surveys of antibodies against c. burnetii were performed for dairy cattle (n=1537), dairy goats (n=58) and sheep (n=518). bovine sample ...201425007979
detection of chronic wasting disease in the lymph nodes of free-ranging cervids by real-time quaking-induced conversion.chronic wasting disease (cwd), a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy of deer, elk, and moose, is the only prion disease affecting free-ranging animals. since the disease was first identified in northern colorado and southern wyoming in 1967, new epidemic foci of the disease have been identified in 20 additional states, as well as two canadian provinces and the republic of south korea. identification of cwd-affected animals currently requires postmortem analysis of brain or lymphoid tissues u ...201424958799
mineral licks: motivational factors for visitation and accompanying disease risk at communal use sites of elk and deer.free-ranging cervids acquire most of their essential minerals through forage consumption, though occasionally seek other sources to account for seasonal mineral deficiencies. mineral sources occur as natural geological deposits (i.e., licks) or as anthropogenic mineral supplements. in both scenarios, these sources commonly serve as focal sites for visitation. we monitored 11 licks in rocky mountain national park, north-central colorado, using trail cameras to quantify daily visitation indices (d ...201424711146
hemisphere dynamics in lexical access: automatic and controlled priming.hemisphere differences in lexical processing may be due to asymmetry in the organization of lexical information, in procedures used to access the lexicon, or both. six lateralized lexical decision experiments employed various types of priming to distinguish among these possibilities. in three controlled (high probability) priming experiments, prime words could be used as lexical access clues. larger priming was obtained for orthographically similar stimuli (beak-bear) when presented to the left ...20144052742
detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in moose (alces alces): the first report in europe.neospora caninum dubey, carpenter, speer, topper et uggla, 1988 is a protozoan parasite originally reported as a major cause of bovine abortions worldwide. it is documented that the parasite is widely spread among non-carnivorous cervids. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of n. caninum in moose (alces alces linnaeus). blood samples collected in 2010 and 2012 in the northeastern poland were tested for antibodies to n. caninum by agglutination test (nat), a commercial ...201424684051
hepeviridae: an expanding family of vertebrate viruses.the hepatitis e virus (hev) was first identified in 1990, although hepatitis e-like diseases in humans have been recorded for a long time dating back to the 18th century. the hev genotypes 1-4 have been subsequently detected in human hepatitis e cases with different geographical distribution and different modes of transmission. genotypes 3 and 4 have been identified in parallel in pigs, wild boars and other animal species and their zoonotic potential has been confirmed. until 2010, these genotyp ...201425050488
novel hepatitis e like virus found in swedish moose.a novel virus was detected in a sample collected from a swedish moose (alces alces). the virus was suggested as a member of the hepeviridae family, although it was found to be highly divergent from the known four genotypes (gt1-4) of hepatitis e virus (hev). moose are regularly hunted for consumption in the whole of scandinavia. thus, the finding of this virus may be important from several aspects: (a) as a new diverged hev in a new animal species, and (b) potential unexplored hev transmission p ...201424296469
prevalence of human papillomavirus in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue. a meta-analysis of observational studies.the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer is controversial, and conflicting results have been published. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of hpv in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue.201424033121
morphological and molecular characteristics of four sarcocystis spp. in canadian moose (alces alces), including sarcocystis taeniata n. sp.individual sarcocysts were isolated from fresh or alcohol-fixed muscle samples of two moose from alberta, canada, and examined by light (lm) and scanning electron microscopy (sem) and molecular methods, comprising polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and sequencing of the complete18s rrna gene and the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1). by lm, four sarcocyst types were recognized, and the sequencing results showed that each type represented a distinct species, i.e. sarco ...201424535735
sarcocystis species in red deer revisited: with a re-description of two known species as sarcocystis elongata n. sp. and sarcocystis truncata n. sp. based on mitochondrial cox1 sequences.in a previous investigation, five sarcocystis species were described from norwegian red deer and believed to be conspecific with species occurring in either reindeer or moose based on sarcocyst morphology and nucleotide sequences of the nuclear ribosomal dna unit. the aim of the present study was to characterize numerous isolates of these sarcocyst types at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i gene (cox1) in order to corroborate or refute previous species designations of sarcocystis ...201424230915
design and validation of four new primers for next-generation sequencing to target the 18s rrna genes of gastrointestinal ciliate protozoa.four new primers and one published primer were used to pcr amplify hypervariable regions within the protozoal 18s rrna gene to determine which primer pair provided the best identification and statistical analysis. pcr amplicons of 394 to 498 bases were generated from three primer sets, sequenced using roche 454 pyrosequencing with titanium, and analyzed using the blast database (ncbi) and mothur version 1.29. the protozoal diversity of rumen contents from moose in alaska was assessed. in the pre ...201424973070
spatio-temporal dynamics in the response of woodland caribou and moose to the passage of grey wolf.predators impact prey populations not only by consuming individuals, but also by altering their behaviours. these nonlethal effects can influence food web properties as much as lethal effects. the mechanisms of nonlethal effects include chronic and temporary anti-predator behaviours, the nature of which depends on the spatial dynamics of predators and the range over which prey perceive risk. the relation between chronic and ephemeral responses to risk determines predator-prey interactions, with ...201423859231
effects of pro12ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 gene on metabolic syndrome risk: a meta-analysis.associations between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (pparγ2) gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome risk remained controversial and ambiguous. thus, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between pro12ala polymorphism in pparγ2 gene and metabolic syndrome susceptibility.201424012868
does obesity affect the surgical outcome and complication rates of spinal surgery? a meta-analysis.as obesity becomes more prevalent, it becomes more common among patients considering orthopaedic surgery, including spinal surgery. however, there is some controversy regarding whether obesity is associated with complications, failed reconstructions, or reoperations after spinal surgery.201424146361
the epidemiology and burden of copd in latin america and the caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis.abstract background: in the developing world, copd continues to be an under studied, diagnosed and treated disorder. in the present study, we analyzed the prevalence, mortality and resource utilization of copd in latin america and the caribbean (lac) in order to guide future research and public policies.201424111903
pioglitazone prescription increases risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis.pioglitazone is widely used for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but evidence regarding the association between pioglitazone and bladder cancer risk is confusing. a systematic search of databases was carried out, and other relevant papers were also identified. then, the analyses were conducted according to the prisma and moose guidelines. after quality assessment, nine datasets from 10 available studies were included on the basis of inclusion criteria. the incidence of ...201424092576
moose body mass variation revisited: disentangling effects of environmental conditions and genetics.large-scale geographical variation in phenotypic traits within species is often correlated to local environmental conditions and population density. such phenotypic variation has recently been shown to also be influenced by genetic structuring of populations. in ungulates, large-scale geographical variation in phenotypic traits, such as body mass, has been related to environmental conditions and population density, but little is known about the genetic influences. research on the genetic structu ...201424091427
minimally invasive therapy for gynaecological symptoms related to a niche in the caesarean scar: a systematic review.various therapies are currently used to treat symptoms related to the niche (an anechoic area) in the caesarean scar, in particular to treat abnormal uterine bleeding (aub).201424373589
biomarkers of gluten sensitivity in patients with non-affective psychosis: a meta-analysis.dohan first proposed that there may be an association between gluten sensitivity and schizophrenia in the 1950s. since then, this association has been measured using several different serum biomarkers of gluten sensitivity. at this point, it is unclear which serum biomarkers of gluten sensitivity are elevated in patients with schizophrenia. however, evidence suggests that the immune response in this group is different from the immune response to gluten found in patients with celiac disease.201424368154
impact of cesarean section on placental transfusion and iron-related hematological indices in term neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis.evidence suggests that cesarean section is likely associated with a reduced placental transfusion and poor hematological status in neonates. however, clinical studies have reported somewhat inconsistent results. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine whether cesarean section affects placental transfusion and iron-related hematological indices. pubmed, web of science, sciencedirect, and ovid databases were searched for relevant studies published before april 9, 2013. mean d ...201424290868
two-gene expression ratio as predictor for breast cancer treated with tamoxifen: evidence from meta-analysis.a hoxb13-to-il17br expression ratio was previously identified to predict a clinical outcome of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. a large number of studies were addressed to confirm its function as a predictor of breast cancer outcome treated with tamoxifen. however, conflicting results were got. in this study, a systematic search of databases was carried out, and other relevant papers were also identified. then, the analyses were conducted according to the prisma and moose ...201424264313
umbilical cord coiling: clinical outcomes in an unselected population and systematic review.this study was conducted to determine the frequency of pre-defined clinical outcomes in relation to umbilical cord coiling indices >90th percentile and <10th percentile in an unselected population of >1,000 women with a singleton pregnancy resulting in livebirth delivering at or near term and to report these findings in the context of a systematic review. placentas of consecutive deliveries from an unselected low-risk population with >15 cm attached umbilical cords were included in the study. cl ...201424259031
intra- and interspecific differences in diet quality and composition in a large herbivore community.species diversity in large herbivore communities is often explained by niche segregation allowed by differences in body mass and digestive morphophysiological features. based on large number of gut samples in fall and winter, we analysed the temporal dynamics of diet composition, quality and interspecific overlap of 4 coexisting mountain herbivores. we tested whether the relative consumption of grass and browse differed among species of different rumen types (moose-type and intermediate-type), w ...201424586233
crown-rump length discordance and adverse perinatal outcome in twin pregnancies: systematic review and meta-analysis.the aim of this systematic review was to explore the relationship between crown-rump length (crl) discordance detected at 11-14 weeks of gestation and adverse outcome in twin pregnancy and to assess its predictive accuracy.201424585501
cesarean section and placental disorders in subsequent pregnancies--a meta-analysis.despite an increase in the number of cesarean deliveries conducted worldwide, meta-analyses on the long-term effect of cesarean section (cs) on subsequent placental disorders are sparse.201424566357
cause-specific mortality risk in alcohol use disorder treatment patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.alcohol use disorders (aud) are highly disabling. recent studies reported much higher relative risks for all-cause mortality in aud patients compared with earlier studies. systematic evidence regarding cause-specific mortality among aud patients has been unavailable to date.201424513684
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibezo-p-dioxin exposure and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.to perform a meta-analysis of cohort studies and evaluate the association between exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) and prostate cancer quantitatively.201424461260
additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging in the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system anomalies: a systematic review of the literature.to analyze literature on the additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (mri) in assessing central nervous system (cns) anomalies suspected by ultrasound.201424890732
cardiovascular medication utilization and adherence among adults living in rural and urban areas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.rural residents face numerous barriers to healthcare access and studies suggest poorer health outcomes for rural patients. therefore we undertook a systematic review to determine if cardiovascular medication utilization and adherence patterns differ for rural versus urban patients.201424888355
integrated bayesian species delimitation and morphological diagnostics of chorioptic mange mites (acariformes: psoroptidae: chorioptes).the external morphology of adult and immature stages of mange mites of the genus chorioptes was investigated with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy. a molecular phylogeny of this genus was inferred based on six genes (18s, 28s rdna, ef1-α, srp54, hsp70, and co1). the validity of four species (ch. bovis, ch. panda, ch. texanus, and ch. sweatmani sp. nov. described from the moose from sweden, finland, and russia) was confirmed based on morphology and a bayesian species delimitation ...201424820039
blinded by prisma: are systematic reviewers focusing on prisma and ignoring other guidelines?prisma guidelines have been developed to improve the reporting of systematic reviews (srs). other reporting guidelines and techniques to assess methodological quality of srs have been developed. we aimed to assess the frequency of the use of reporting and other guidelines in srs to assess whether prisma is being used inappropriately as a substitute for other relevant guidelines.201424788774
neurobehavioral consequences of chronic intrauterine opioid exposure in infants and preschool children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.it is assumed within the accumulated literature that children born of pregnant opioid dependent mothers have impaired neurobehavioral function as a consequence of chronic intrauterine opioid use.201424708875
meta-analysis of protocolized goal-directed hemodynamic optimization for the management of severe sepsis and septic shock in the emergency department.to perform a meta-analysis identifying studies instituting protocolized hemodynamic optimization in the emergency department (ed) for patients with severe sepsis and septic shock.201424696750
gamma-glutamyltransferase predicts increased risk of mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between gamma-glutamyltransferase (ggt) and mortality through a comprehensive analysis of existing evidence. pubmed, embase, chinese biomedical literature, and science citation index databases were electronically searched. studies were included if the study design was prospective and included reference and at-risk levels of ggt at baseline and mortality as a separate outcome. the quality of the studies included was assessed on the basis of ne ...201424684379
using exploratory factor analysis of ffq data to identify dietary patterns among yup'ik people.an ffq developed by the center for alaska native health research for studies in yup'ik people includes market foods and subsistence foods such as moose, seal, waterfowl and salmon that may be related to disease risk. because the ffq contains >100 food items, we sought to characterize dietary patterns more simply for use in ongoing pharmacogenomics studies.201423290469
hyperopia: a meta-analysis of prevalence and a review of associated factors among school-aged children.studies show great variability in the prevalence of hyperopia among children. this study aimed to synthesize the existing knowledge about hyperopia prevalence and its associated factors in school children and to explore the reasons for this variability.201425539893
varestrongylus eleguneniensis sp. n. (nematoda: protostrongylidae): a widespread, multi-host lungworm of wild north american ungulates, with an emended diagnosis for the genus and explorations of biogeography.a putative new species of varestrongylus has been recently recognized in wild north american ungulates based on the its-2 sequences of larvae isolated from feces during a wide geographic survey. no taxonomic description was provided, as adult specimens were not examined.201425518883
traditional and cultural approaches to childrearing: preventing early childhood caries in norway house cree nation, manitoba.infant health and development is linked to a wide range of interventions including maternal nutrition and infant feeding. early childhood caries (ecc) is a chronic condition that affects large proportions of aboriginal children worldwide. the health of a child's mouth is linked to their overall health and wellbeing and can have a significant impact in their day-to-day experiences of eating, playing, and sleeping. the rates of ecc have increased dramatically and communities, parents, and governme ...201425354082
meta-analysis of gut barrier dysfunction in patients with acute pancreatitis.the gut is implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis but there is discrepancy between individual studies regarding the prevalence of gut barrier dysfunction in patients with acute pancreatitis. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gut barrier dysfunction in acute pancreatitis, the effect of different co-variables, and changes in gut barrier function associated with the use of various therapeutic modalities.201425334028
chronic heavy drinking and ischaemic heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.previous meta-analyses have reported either a protective, neutral or detrimental association from chronic heavy drinking in relation to ischaemic heart disease (ihd). we investigated the potential for systematic error because of study design. using moose guidelines, studies were identified through medline, embase and web of science up to end of march, 2014. epidemiological studies reporting on chronic heavy drinking and ihd risk in population studies and samples of people with alcohol use disord ...201425332827
factors associated with development of gastrointestinal problems in patients with scleroderma: a protocol for a systematic review.scleroderma affects the gastrointestinal (gi) tract in 90% of all cases. malnutrition, diarrhea, and constipation are some gi complications that can stem from scleroderma, and they contribute considerably to impairment in quality of life. reports of haphazard clusters of high prevalence suggest that environmental exposure is a risk factor for scleroderma. however, it is largely uncertain whether the gi involvement secondary to scleroderma is influenced by these environmental factors. this study ...201425312976
inflammatory response related scoring systems in assessing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review.various scoring systems based on assessment of the systemic inflammatory response help assessing the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. in the present systematic review we evaluated the validity of four pre-intervention scoring systems: glasgow prognostic score (gps) and its modified version (mgps), platelet lymphocyte ratio (plr), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (nlr), and prognostic nutrition index (pni).201425308357
risk for lung cancer in workers exposed to benzidine and/or beta-naphthylamine: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.risk for lung cancer in workers exposed to benzidine (bz) and/or beta-naphthylamine (bna), which are well-known bladder carcinogens, has been examined in many epidemiological studies, but individual epidemiological studies generally lack the power to examine the association between bz/bna exposure and lung cancer. we conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the risk for lung cancer among workers exposed to bz/bna occupationally.201425281283
prevalence of low back pain in latin america: a systematic literature review.chronic low back pain is considered as a high-impact condition that affects the working population of latin america, with long reaching social and economic repercussions. its true frequency is unknown due to the absence of well-designed clinical trials that use standardized definitions and criteria.201425247896
salvage combination antifungal therapy for acute invasive aspergillosis may improve outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.a meta-analysis was performed to compare mold-active triazoles or lipid amphotericin b plus an echinocandin to non-echinocandin monotherapy for acute invasive aspergillosis (ia).201425240416
perinatal outcomes of twin anemia-polycythemia sequence: a systematic review.to analyze outcomes of monochorionic twins with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (taps).201425222165
environmental contaminant concentrations in canada goose (branta canadensis) muscle: probabilistic risk assessment for human consumers.the issue of food insecurity affects millions of people in the united states every year. often these people rely on soup kitchens, food banks, and shelters for proper meals, and these organizations often depend on donations to meet needs. one of the most limited food resources is meat. to help alleviate this problem, the u.s. department of agriculture wildlife services donates more than 60 tons of wild game (deer, moose, feral hogs, goats, geese, and ducks) to a variety of charitable organizatio ...201425198860
the influence of diabetes mellitus on the post-operative outcome of elective primary total knee replacement: a systematic review and meta-analysis.total knee replacement (tkr) is an effective method of treating end-stage arthritis of the knee. it is not, however, a procedure without risk due to a number of factors, one of which is diabetes mellitus. the purpose of this study was to estimate the general prevalence of diabetes in patients about to undergo primary tkr and to determine whether diabetes mellitus adversely affects the outcome. we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the meta-analysis of observational stud ...201425452366
aortic arch atheroma and the risk of stroke: a meta-analysis.epidemiological studies have suggested that aortic atheroma may play a role in cerebral embolization; however, no meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between aortic atheroma and risk of stroke. the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the presence of aortic atheroma and risk of stroke.201425154372
Displaying items 701 - 800 of 1608