Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| type a viral hepatitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, and prevention. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurs worldwide and is an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in the us. in this review, i cover the epidemiology, course of infection, clinical manifestations, serological responses, and prevention of this infection. although most patients completely recover from this disease, elderly patients have a substantial mortality risk. recently licensed vaccines are highly efficacious. | 1997 | 9265900 |
| influence of the 5' noncoding region of hepatitis a virus strain gbm on its growth in different cell lines. | previous sequence analysis of consecutive passages of the hepatitis a virus (hav) strain gbm/wt in human embryonic kidney cells (hek cells), human embryonic lung fibroblasts (hfs cells) and in frhk-4 cells (foetal rhesus monkey kidney cells) pointed to a host cell dependent cell culture adaptation of gbm/wt in hfs cells involving mutations in the 5' noncoding region (5'ncr). multiple nucleotide changes occurred in the 5'ncr of the gbm genome after the cell line used for virus passage was changed ... | 1997 | 9266978 |
| early appearance of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination with an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | sera from 30 subjects vaccinated with the pasteur merieux serums & vaccins (pm) inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, and from 30 subjects vaccinated with the smithkline beecham (sb) inactivated hepatitis a vaccine, were tested in two laboratories in order to provide comparative data on neutralizing activities of vaccine-induced antibodies. sera were also evaluated by a modified radioimmunoassay (mria) and results were compared to neutralization assays results. neutralizing antibody titres provided b ... | 1997 | 9279722 |
| the changing epidemiological pattern of hepatitis a in lisbon, portugal. | to evaluate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) in an urban population, in order to assess the changing epidemiological pattern of hepatitis a. | 1997 | 9282278 |
| immunogenicity and protectivity of a new liposomal hepatitis a vaccine. | in this study we investigated a new liposomal hepatitis a vaccine (epaxal) developed by the swiss serum and vaccine institute clinically and immunologically using a one dose priming schedule and a booster injection after 1 year. this vaccine contains formalin inactivated hepatitis a virus particles attached to phospholipid vesicles together with influenza virus haemagglutinin. two doses of the vaccine were administered at months 0 and 12 in 117 volunteers. blood samples were drawn at days-7, 14 ... | 1997 | 9286045 |
| hepatitis a vaccine: persistence of antibodies 5 years after the first vaccination. | the recent development of safe and effective inactivated hepatitis a vaccines provides the opportunity to control hepatitis a. however, effective control will depend upon the duration of protection provided by the vaccine. evaluation of persistence of antibodies over time is essential for the determination of vaccination schedules and strategies. for this purpose blood samples were obtained from 140 volunteers, 5 years after the administration of three 720 elisa units (eu) doses of an inactivate ... | 1997 | 9286052 |
| [which vaccines for which travelers?]. | 1997 | 9289603 | |
| detection of antibodies to the nonstructural 3c proteinase of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection can stimulate the production of antibodies to structural and nonstructural proteins of the virus. however, vaccination with an inactivated vaccine produces antibodies exclusively to the structural proteins. current diagnostic assays, such as the abbott havab test, used to determine exposure to hav detect antibodies only to the structural proteins and as a result are not able to distinguish between a natural infection and vaccination with an inactivated virus. th ... | 1997 | 9291304 |
| characterisation of an epidemic of hepatitis a virus involving intravenous drug abusers--infection by needle sharing? | an epidemic of hepatitis a virus (hav) among intravenous drug abusers in oslo involved 144 serologically confirmed cases. another 26 patients (non-drug abusers), of whom 14 were derived from a single nosocomial outbreak, were associated with the epidemic. sequencing of the vp1/p2a junction revealed that viruses associated with the epidemic were completely identical, whereas other hav samples collected during the same period differed by up to 10%. hav was detected in the serum of 48 of 100 patien ... | 1997 | 9298735 |
| seroepidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection and hepatitis a in a rural area: evidence against a common mode of transmission. | recent studies have shown that the age-specific seroprevalence of h pylori infection parallels hepatitis a (hav), suggesting similar modes of transmission. the aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of h pylori and hav in the same setting. | 1997 | 9301493 |
| exposure to hepatitis a virus among blood donors, injecting drug users and prison entrants in victoria. | to assess prevalence of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) among injecting drug users (idus) and prison entrants in victoria, and to compare this with prevalence of hav among a reference population of blood donors, sera stored from two previous studies and from randomly selected blood donors were tested for total antibody to hav. the first study was a longitudinal study of field-recruited idus from 1990 to 1992 and the second was a study of all prison entrants in 1991-92 (both studies were carr ... | 1997 | 9310932 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in an adult urban population from burundi. | the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis e virus (hev) was measured in a group of 129 adults from bujumbura, burundi, using an elisa. the prevalence of anti-hev igg was 14%, much lower than that of hepatitis a virus (hav) (97.7%). in addition to the lability of antibodies to hev, this difference might be explained by the extensive availability of good-quality drinking water in the city. the presence of serologic markers of hbv (77.6%), hcv (27.1%), and human immunodeficiency virus (30.2%) w ... | 1997 | 9311635 |
| hepatitis a among homosexual men and injection drug users: more evidence for vaccination. | as agencies develop guidelines for administering the newly developed hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine, information is needed regarding the occurrence of hav infection in groups putatively at risk for the infection. we tested serum samples from 300 injection drug users (idus), 300 homosexual males, and 300 blood donors for the presence of total antibody to hav (anti-hav). anti-hav was detected in 66% of idus, 32% of homosexual males, and 14% of blood donors. anti-hav was not significantly associat ... | 1997 | 9314468 |
| the declining pattern of seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among adolescents in bangkok, thailand. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a health problem in countries where seroepidemiology shows changes from hyperendemicity to intermediate endemicity. throughout the last decade, we studied, in bangkok, the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) among adolescents of different age groups. in 1996, 245 serum specimens from children aged between 10 and 19 were tested for anti-hav by elisa method. the results were compared to those obtained in 1987 and 1993 from students of the same age and ... | 1997 | 9322299 |
| an advisory committee statement (acs). national advisory committee on immunization (naci). supplementary statement on hepatitis prevention. | 1997 | 9327646 | |
| response to hepatitis a vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected homosexual men. | the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and vaccination schedule on the immunogenicity of a hepatitis a vaccine was examined. ninety hiv-infected homosexual men received two vaccinations with hepatitis a vaccine (each 2 ml of 720 elisa units/ml) either 1 or 6 months apart; 44 hiv-uninfected men received vaccine at study entry and at 6 months. anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) titer after vaccination was measured in 83 hiv-positive and 39 hiv-negative men. seroconversion (anti-ha ... | 1997 | 9333168 |
| induction of intracellular membrane rearrangements by hav proteins 2c and 2bc. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is distinguished from other picornaviruses by its slow and relatively poor, noncytopathic growth in cultures of mammalian cells. the 2c and 2bc proteins of hav have been implicated in the determination of virus growth in cultured cells. the homologous proteins from other picornaviruses, such as poliovirus, have been demonstrated to exhibit multiple activities, such as rna binding, nucleotide binding and ntpase, and membrane binding and reorganization. at least some of the ... | 1997 | 9344908 |
| intact eukaryotic initiation factor 4g is required for hepatitis a virus internal initiation of translation. | the requirements for optimal activity of the hepatitis a virus (hav) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) differ substantially from those of other picornavirus ireses. one such difference is that, to date, the hav ires is the only one whose efficiency is severely inhibited in the presence of the picornaviral 2a proteinase. here we describe experiments designed to dissect the mechanism of proteinase-mediated inhibition of hav translation. using dicistronic mrnas translated in vitro, we show tha ... | 1997 | 9344915 |
| immunization of seronegative infants with hepatitis a vaccine (havrix; skb): a comparative study of two dosing schedules. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is of public health significance among infants and diapered children. although two licensed hav vaccines are available, they have not been assessed widely in children under the age of 2 years and are not currently licensed for this age group. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of hav vaccine in seronegative infants. fifty-three healthy infants were immunized with 360 elisa units (el.u.) of an inactivated hav vaccine a ... | 1997 | 9364691 |
| sporadic hepatitis e in southern india. | 1997 | 9373629 | |
| seroepidemiological study of helicobacter pylori infection in south african children. | the seroepidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection was studied in 681 randomly selected black children from newborn to 13 years of age (333 boys, mean age 8.05 years, and 348 girls, mean age 7.76 years) in kwazulu/natal, south africa. h. pylori infection was identified serologically using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of immunoglobulin g against h. pylori. demographic information collected included age, gender, family income, overcrowding, educational level, and ... | 1997 | 9373630 |
| cdc sets interim strategy for hepatitis a control. | 1997 | 9377216 | |
| [the prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c viral markers in the population of gijón between 26 and 65 years old]. | the aim of this study was to know the prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c markers in an adult population in gijón, spain. a randomized, transversal sample according to the census was made in a population between 26 and 65 years of age in gijón, analyzing demographic, epidemiologic and clinical variables, liver function tests, anti-hav igg, anti-hbcore and anti-hcv. of the 476 individuals included a census error was detected in 26 (5.5%) and 340 (71.4%) were studied. of these anti-hav igg was posi ... | 1997 | 9377232 |
| long-term persistence of anti-hav antibodies following active immunization with hepatitis a vaccine. | seventy-one anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) negative volunteers were immunized against hepatitis a. an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (havrix, smithkline beecham), derived from tissue cell cultures, at single doses of 720 elisa units was used following a schedule of vaccinations at month 0.1 and 6. the vaccines were tested for the presence of hav antibodies 1 month after each vaccination and then after 2, 3, 4 and 5 years. the annual decrease of anti-hav titres was 25%. five years after vaccinatio ... | 1997 | 9141202 |
| clinical immunogenicity and tolerance studies of liquid vaccines delivered by jet-injector and a new single-use cartridge (imule): comparison with standard syringe injection. imule investigators group. | a new needleless jet-injector, mini-imojet, was developed that administers liquid vaccines from a single-use, pre-filled cartridge named imule, which avoids the risk of cross-contamination. we conducted clinical trials in several settings in france and west africa to compare the immunogenicity and tolerance of five vaccines (influenza vaccine, vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine, tetanus toxoid vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis vaccine, and inactivated hepatitis a vaccine) ... | 1997 | 9141217 |
| the effect of immunization with inactivated hepatitis a vaccine on the clinical course of hiv-1 infection: 1-year follow-up. | to determine the long-term safety of inactivated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine in men infected with hiv-1. | 1997 | 9143606 |
| does immunoglobulin interfere with the immunogenicity to pasteur mérieux inactivated hepatitis a vaccine? | the aim of this study was to compare the immunogenicity of pasteur mérieux (p.m. s.v.) inactivated hepatitis a vaccine when given alone with its immunogenicity when given in combination with immunoglobulin. | 1997 | 9148018 |
| aap develops guidelines for hepatitis a vaccine and immune globulin in children. american academy of pediatrics. | 1997 | 9166149 | |
| detection of hepatitis a virus rna in oyster meat. | detection of low concentrations of viruses in shellfish is possible with nucleic acid amplification by pcr. hepatitis a virus (hav) has been detected in oyster meat by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). we developed a method to identify hav rna by rt-pcr of total rna extracted from oyster meat contaminated by adsorption, bioaccumulation, or injection. with dot blot hybridization detection of amplicons from the rt-pcr, rapid screening of a large number of samples is feasible. as few as 8 pfu of ... | 1997 | 9172369 |
| inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: long-term antibody persistence. | during the clinical development of safe, well tolerated and immunogenic vaccines against hepatitis a the persistence of protective antibodies was estimated, based on relatively short observation periods of 18 months to 3 years. we report here on longterm persistence of antibodies in volunteers who participated in one of the early clinical trials on inactivated hepatitis a candidate vaccines. in a randomized trial three groups of altogether 110 healthy adults, initially hepatitis a virus (hav) se ... | 1997 | 9178459 |
| viral hepatitis in older adults. | the objective of this paper is to review the epidemiology, manifestations, therapy, and prevention of viral hepatitis in older people and to discuss issues of prevention and management. in developed countries a significant portion of the adult population is not immune to hepatitis a virus (hav). morbidity and mortality from hav infection increases with age. a safe and effective hepatitis a vaccine is available and health authorities should consider immunization early in life and for healthy adul ... | 1997 | 9180674 |
| [preparation and characteristics of cultured strains of hepatitis a virus from humans and monkeys]. | cultural strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) have been isolated from spontaneously infected macaca mulatta (hav-mm), papio hamadryas (hav-ph), african green monkeys cercopithecus aethiops (hav-ca), and patients (hav-h). the strains replicate in continuous cells lines agmk, 4647, vero, and frhk-4. agmk and 4647 cells are the most permissive at 32 degrees c. virus propagation was not associated with the cytopathic effect and could be detected by enzyme immunoassay (eia), immune electron microscopy ... | 1997 | 9182400 |
| size and conformational stability of the hepatitis a virus used to prepare vaqta, a highly purified inactivated vaccine. | a variety of biophysical techniques have been employed to examine the size and conformational integrity of highly purified hepatitis a virus (hav) in solution (purified hav particles are subsequently formalin-inactivated and adsorbed to aluminum salts for use as the vaccine vaqta). the size of hav particles was assessed by a combination of electron microscopy, sedimentation velocity, and dynamic light scattering. the effect of ionic strength and temperature on the overall conformational stabilit ... | 1997 | 9188048 |
| site-directed mutagenesis of hepatitis a virus protein 3a: effects on membrane interaction. | due to a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids, protein 3a of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been suggested to act as a membrane anchor or a carrier of the genome-linked protein 3b (vpg) during viral rna synthesis. mutagenesis analysis was performed in order to elucidate the role of the n- and c-terminal tracts of protein 3a in cell membrane interaction. expression of the mutated proteins in e. coli cells demonstrated that the presence of positively charged residues at the c-terminus is not required f ... | 1997 | 9188811 |
| study of transmission routes of helicobacter pylori in relation to seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus. | the seroprevalence of helicobacter pylori in a group of 1,043 healthy japanese people was compared with that of hepatitis a virus (hav), which was used as a marker of fecal-oral exposure. no statistically significant relationship was observed between seropositivity for hav and that for h. pylori. therefore, the fecal-oral spread of h. pylori is of limited relevance in japan. | 1997 | 9196218 |
| childhood infection with hepatitis a and b viruses in england and wales. | infection with hepatitis b and a viruses during childhood was studied using serum specimens collected from children aged 13 and 14 years by 12 public health laboratories in england and wales from 1986 to 1995. six of the 2025 specimens tested for markers of hepatitis b infection showed evidence of earlier resolved infection, one specimen showed evidence of recent infection, and hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) was detected in three specimens. the hbsag carriage rate of 0.15% (3/2025) was cons ... | 1997 | 9127512 |
| identification of genetic variants of hepatitis a virus. | although detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been greatly aided by the development of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology, identification of genetic variants requires sequencing pcr products, which necessarily limits the length of the hav genome (typically 2%) that can be analyzed. from a regulatory standpoint, identification of the specific strain detected by pcr is a prerequisite not only to overrule contamination of test samples in the diagnostic laboratory, but also to possibly l ... | 1997 | 9128866 |
| [hepatitis a virus infection in children in argentina: a pilot study]. | the severity and/or the prognostic of infections with the hepatitis a virus (hav) is related to the age at which the infection occurs. since transmission of the virus occurs by the fecal-oral route, the prevalence and age-relate incidence of infection is determined by the adequacy of sanitation hygienic measures and the socio economic level of exposed populations. thus, the disease is having an increasing impact in developing countries with improving sanitary standards whereas inhabitants of ind ... | 1997 | 9460514 |
| [viral hepatitis markers in saliva specimens from patients with acute hepatitis a, b and c]. | anti-hva igm, hbsag, anti-hbc igm, anti-hvc were determined in the blood sera and saliva specimens obtained from patients with acute hepatitis a, b, c (ha, hb, hc) and from healthy persons of the control group. 37 ha patients, 27 hb patients and 24 hc patients, observed in the dynamics of the disease (for a period of 1 month and longer from the appearance of manifestations of the disease), as well as 30 practically healthy persons (the control group) were examined. anti-hva igm could be found in ... | 1997 | 9460864 |
| [an unusual course of viral hepatitis a in children]. | to determine the present-day specific clinical features of viral hepatitis a (ha) in children, observation on 447 children aged 1 year and 10 months to 14 years with verified ha monoinfection was carried out. at the season of 1993 essential differences were observed in the clinical picture of ha: the disease took a more severe course with the prevalence of medium-severe (59.3%) and severe (3.6%) forms of this infection, a tendency to a prolonged convalescence period and fermentative aggravations ... | 1997 | 9460876 |
| hepatitis a vaccination programs in communities with high rates of hepatitis a. | in june 1995, the public health service advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) issued recommendations about the use of hepatitis a vaccine for the prevention and control of hepatitis a. in communities with high rates of hepatitis a and periodic outbreaks, the acip recommends routine vaccination of young children and catch-up vaccination of previously unvaccinated older children. this report describes hepatitis a vaccination programs initiated to control ongoing outbreaks and prevent ... | 1997 | 9221328 |
| molecular cloning of the hepatitis a virus receptor from a simian cell line. | using a eukaryotic expression system in combination with a monoclonal antibody (mab) capable of blocking hepatitis a virus (hav) adsorption, a cdna clone was selected from a library of s.la/ve-1 cells, a cell line that is highly susceptible to the virus. sequence analysis of the cdna revealed a single open reading frame that encoded a protein consisting of 460 amino acids. the deduced primary structure of the protein included a signal sequence, a transmembrane domain, four sites for n-linked gly ... | 1997 | 9225030 |
| seminested rt-pcr systems for small round structured viruses and detection of enteric viruses in seafood. | highly sensitive seminested rt-pcr systems for the specific detection of genotype i and ii small round structured viruses (srsvs) were developed based on the nucleic acid information deposited in the databanks. srsvs could be detected in 10(7)-fold dilutions of three different stool samples. in addition, a rapid and simple purification protocol for enteric viruses from seafood tissues was elaborated using poliovirus (pv) as model. the virus isolation and viral rna purification include the follow ... | 1997 | 9237119 |
| epidemic and sporadic hepatitis e virus transmission in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia to geographically profile hepatitis e virus (hev) prevalence in the riverine areas recognized as the foci of epidemic hev transmission in 1987. additionally, a contiguous, although distinct, population with no identifiable historical exposure to epidemic hev was surveyed downstream for comparative purposes. eight hundred eighty-five sera were assayed by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay for anti-hev igg and anti-hepatitis a ... | 1997 | 9242320 |
| another case of acute renal failure (arf) due to acute tubular necrosis (atn), proven by renal biopsy in non-fulminant hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. | 1997 | 9249815 | |
| single-antibody in situ enzyme immunoassay for infectivity titration of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) establishes a persistent infection in cultured cells, with minimal effect on host cell metabolism. as a result, the virus produces very little, if any, cytopathic effect (cpe), even with cell culture-adapted strains. this feature precludes the use of a plaque or standard endpoint assay (using cpe as an indicator of infection) for the titration of infectious virus. the radioimmunofocus assay (rifa) is the standard method for hav titration, though this method is labour inte ... | 1997 | 9395142 |
| hepatitis a virus infections in urban children--are preventive opportunities being missed? | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections in children in a large urban center, a point prevalence survey was conducted using a novel, ultrasensitive assay for hav-specific igg in saliva. a structured sample of 224 grade-six students (5.8% of grade registrants) was obtained from 23 schools throughout vancouver. all students provided saliva samples adequate for testing. the anti-hav prevalence rate was 7.1% (95% confidence interval, 4.1%-11.3%). among 167 canadian-born stud ... | 1997 | 9395375 |
| hepatitis a outbreak in a socially-contained religious community in rural southern ontario. | 1997 | 9397602 | |
| frequent detection of hepatitis a viral rna in serum during the early convalescent phase of acute hepatitis a. | the diagnosis of type a hepatitis is performed mainly by immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-hepatitis a antibody assay, but it has not been established whether there is a correlation between changes in viremia and the clinical course of type a hepatitis. we examined hepatitis a virus (hav) rna in the sera from type a and non-a, non-b, non-c acute hepatitis and analyzed the relation of hav viremia with alanine aminotransferase (alt) and igm-ha levels. two hundred sera from 38 patients with type a acute ... | 1997 | 9398009 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) in a population of mexican children]. | we studied by elisa test 450 healthy children looking for igg and igm antibodies against virus a hepatitis. 376/450 (86.3%) showed igg antibodies. 50% of children under one year were positive. at 3 years of age 80% of children from this study were with antibodies igg and 96% of children at 10 years of age were positive. only 9 children showed antibodies igm. | 1997 | 9412137 |
| clinical, laboratory, and serological findings of adult hungarian hospitalized acute hepatitis patients, and possible source of the infection. | clinical, epidemiological features of acute viral hepatitis of 331 hospitalized adult patients were evaluated. ha, hb, hc, and non a-c h were diagnosed in 36.6%, 34.1%, 10.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. age of ha cases was significantly lower than that of other cases. only ha showed seasonal variation. acquisition of ha was often associated with visits in endemic areas when compared with all other types, while hb, hc, and non a-c h were rather associated with iatrogenic events (blood transfusion, ... | 1997 | 9554166 |
| the refined crystal structure of the 3c gene product from hepatitis a virus: specific proteinase activity and rna recognition. | the virally encoded 3c proteinases of picornaviruses process the polyprotein produced by the translation of polycistronic viral mrna. the x-ray crystallographic structure of a catalytically active mutant of the hepatitis a virus (hav) 3c proteinase (c24s) has been determined. crystals of this mutant of hav 3c are triclinic with unit cell dimensions a = 53.6 a, b = 53.5 a, c = 53.2 a, alpha = 99.1 degrees, beta = 129.0 degrees, and gamma = 103.3 degrees. there are two molecules of hav 3c in the u ... | 1997 | 9032381 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus in plasma products by vapor heating. | the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) has been associated with the use of a number of solvent/detergent-treated factor viii concentrates and possibly a factor ix concentrate. these reports have emphasized the necessity of using virus-inactivation methods for plasma products that are capable of inactivating nonenveloped viruses such as hav. | 1997 | 9051099 |
| hepatitis a. | 1997 | 9054826 | |
| in vitro rna binding of the hepatitis a virus proteinase 3c (hav 3cpro) to secondary structure elements within the 5' terminus of the hav genome. | the secondary structure elements at the 5' nontranslated region (ntr) of the picornaviral rnas can be divided functionally into two domains, one of which directs cap-independent translation, whereas the other is essential for viral rna replication. for the latter, the formation of an rna replication complex that involves particularly viral proteinase-containing polypeptides and cellular proteins has been shown (andino r, rieckhof ge, achacoso pl, baltimore d, 1993, embo j 12:3587-3598; xiang w e ... | 1997 | 9056766 |
| immunogenicity of two versus three injections of inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in adults. | to investigate the immunogenicity of two versus three injections of inactivated strain cr326f-derived hepatitis a vaccine in healthy adults. | 1997 | 9059944 |
| identification of active-site residues in protease 3c of hepatitis a virus by site-directed mutagenesis. | picornavirus 3c proteases (3cpro) are cysteine proteases related by amino acid sequence to trypsin-like serine proteases. comparisons of 3cpro of hepatitis a virus (hav) to those of other picornaviruses have resulted in prediction of active-site residues: histidine at position 44 (h44), aspartic acid (d98), and cysteine (c172). to test whether these residues are key members of a putative catalytic triad, oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was targeted to 3cpro in the context of natural polypep ... | 1997 | 9060667 |
| proteinase 3c-mediated processing of vp1-2a of two hepatitis a virus strains: in vivo evidence for cleavage at amino acid position 273/274 of vp1. | two prominent features distinguish hepatitis a virus (hav) from other members of the picornavirus family. a c-terminally prolonged precursor of the structural protein vp1 is incorporated into assembly intermediates (e.g., the provirion), and a single proteinase is contained within the hav polyprotein. using an in vivo expression system, we show that proteolytic liberation of vp1 from its precursors p1-2a and vp1-2a is catalyzed by the virus-encoded proteinase 3cpro. among the proposed cleavage s ... | 1997 | 9060697 |
| prophylaxis of acute viral hepatitis by immune serum globulin, hepatitis b vaccine, and health education: a sixteen year study of japan overseas cooperation volunteers. | from 1978 to 1993 a study of acute viral hepatitis contracted by the japan overseas cooperation volunteers (jocv) during their assignments in tropical and subtropical countries was conducted. of 10,509 subjects in this study, 240 cases of acute viral hepatitis were confirmed (hepatitis a = 139, hepatitis b = 72, and non-a, non-b hepatitis = 29). the annual morbidity was 5.1% in 1978 and 4.9% in 1979, with hepatitis a accounting for 80% of the cases. however, it decreased significantly after the ... | 1997 | 9063366 |
| virucidal treatment of blood protein products with uvc radiation. | the virus safety of blood derivatives continues to be of concern, especially with respect to nonenveloped and/or heat-stable viruses. previously, we demonstrated that treatment of whole plasma, ahf concentrate or fibrinogen with short wavelength ultraviolet light (uvc) results in the inactivation of > or = 10(6) infectious doses (id) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), hepatitis a virus (hav) and porcine parvovirus (ppv), each of which is nonenveloped. protein recovery was enhanced greatly by ... | 1997 | 9077126 |
| magnetic immunoseparation pcr assay (mipa) for detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in american oyster (crassostrea virginica). | in order to detect the low numbers of hepatitis a viral (hav) particles which may potentially be present in food and cause a serious illness, an original procedure which combines immunomagnetic separation and pcr is described. the use of streptavidin magnetic beads coated with biotinylated human anti-hav igg allows virus capture and the removal of the rt-pcr inhibitory compounds which usually are present in shellfish extracts. following immunomagnetic capture, the separated hav were lysed, the b ... | 1997 | 9081302 |
| molecular epidemiology of south african strains of hepatitis a virus: 1982-1996. | isolates of hepatitis a virus (hav) are of a single serotype, with human isolates being categorised within four genotypes. in addition, there are three genotypes exclusively associated with old world monkeys. in some geographical regions, related isolates cluster suggesting endemic spread of the virus, while in other regions several genotypes circulate. virtually no data are available with regard to the genetic relatedness of south african (sa) strains of hav. a 177 base segment within the vp1 r ... | 1997 | 9093940 |
| reduced glutathione concentration in erythrocytes of patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis. | reduced glutathione (gsh), the main intracellular mechanism that protects against oxidative stress, is the subject of considerable interest in viral hepatitis. in patients with chronic hepatitis c, results reported from different centres are controversial, demonstrating either a reduction or an elevation of gsh concentration. the aim of this study was to evaluate the glutathione concentration in erythrocytes (normal range 2.45 +/- 0.15 mmol l-1) in patients with acute and chronic viral hepatitis ... | 1997 | 9097271 |
| new, ultrasensitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting vaccine- and disease-induced hepatitis a virus-specific immunoglobulin g in saliva. | although detection of disease-induced hepatitis a virus (hav)-specific antibodies in saliva has been successfully utilized in a few epidemiological studies, available assays fail to detect lower salivary anti-hav levels associated with vaccine-induced immunity. we present a new capture enzyme immunoassay which employs a three-layer antibody recognition system. evaluation of paired saliva-serum specimens from 1,025 international travellers, 134 other volunteers, and 91 hepatitis a vaccine recipie ... | 1997 | 8968887 |
| cost effectiveness of hepatitis a virus immunisation in spain. | the aim of this study was to evaluate, in economic terms, the recently launched hepatitis a vaccine in comparison with the use of nonspecific immune globulin, for the prevention of hepatitis a. a cost-effectiveness analysis was performed, comparing mass and selective strategies for both active and passive immunisation in children, adolescents and the high-risk adult population. direct costs of diagnosis, treatment and immunisation, and travelling expenses of the individuals, were considered. the ... | 1997 | 10170461 |
| optimization and scale-up of solvent extraction in purification of hepatitis a virus (vaqta). | solvent extraction is a very powerful purification step in the preparation of vaqta, a highly purified, inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. extraction of an aqueous product-containing protein solution with chloroform through vigorous shaking causes irreversible denaturation of contaminant proteins at the interface. however, the hepatitis a virus (hav) remains viable and soluble in the aqueous phase. because three phases (air, aqueous, and organic) are involved, and the mixing is carried out in indi ... | 1997 | 18636612 |
| hepatitis a vaccination. | 1998 | 9556642 | |
| coding sequences enhance internal initiation of translation by hepatitis a virus rna in vitro. | hepatitis a virus (hav), unlike other picornaviruses, has a slow-growth phenotype in permissive cell lines and in general does not induce host cell cytopathology. although there are no published reports of productive infection of hela cells by hav, hav rna appears to be readily translated in hela cells when transcribed by t7 rna polymerase provided by a recombinant vaccinia virus. the 5' noncoding region of hav was fused to poliovirus (pv) coding sequences to determine the effect on translation ... | 1998 | 9557637 |
| evolution of a common structural core in the internal ribosome entry sites of picornavirus. | the translational control involving internal ribosome binding occurs in poliovirus (pv), human rhinoviruses (hrv), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and hepatitis a virus (hav). internal ribosome binding utilizes cis-acting genetic elements of approximately 450 nucleotides (nt) termed the internal ribosome entry sites (ires) found in these picornaviral 5'-untranslated region (5'utr). although these ires elements are quite different in their primary sequence, ... | 1998 | 9562889 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies among israeli travellers and the economic feasibility of screening before vaccination. | hepatitis a (ha) is the most common vaccine-preventable disease among travellers. the probability of contracting the disease depends on the endemicity in both the destination and country of origin of the traveller. the introduction of the new highly effective but expensive inactivated ha vaccine necessitates a re-evaluation of ha prevention policy. in highly developed countries all travellers require vaccination. in highly endemic areas the entire population is immune. in israel, ha seroprevalen ... | 1998 | 9563704 |
| inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hepatitis a virus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia virus, herpes simplex virus type 1, and poliovirus type 2 by hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization. | studies were conducted to determine the capability of a hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization process to inactivate several types of viruses. six test agents were used: hiv type 1, human hepatitis a virus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia, herpes simplex virus type 1, and poliovirus type 2. | 1998 | 9584802 |
| follow-up immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine in healthy children: results after 5 years. | long-term persistence of hepatitis a virus (hav) serum antibody in vaccinated children has not been demonstrated in previous studies. to study the long-term immunogenicity to hav vaccine, three doses of strain hm 175 hav vaccine with 360 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units were administered to 107 children, aged from 1.0 to 6.8 years, at 0, 1, and 6 months. the administration of one vaccine dose induced seropositivity (anti-hav titer > or = 20 miu ml-1) in 95% of all vaccinees at month 1. al ... | 1998 | 9607035 |
| [monoclonal antibodies in human hepatitis a virus immunoenzyme diagnosis]. | antigen and antibody detection in eia is a good tool in diagnosing hav infections, especially in their differentiation from other hepatitides. commercial kits containing polyclonal antibodies and murine mabs to identify hav are now available. rat mabs have not been assayed so far. peroxidase-labelled rat mabs and purified rat mabs as antigen capture were used to modify commercial "vectohep a-igm" and "vectorhep a-ag" kits. the results obtained with modified "vectohep a-igm" and "vectorhep a-ag" ... | 1998 | 9608269 |
| hepatitis a infections in wisconsin: trends in incidence and factors affecting surveillance, 1986-1995. | from january 1986 through december 1995, 4,143 cases of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were reported in wisconsin. the annual hepatitis a incidence remained stable from 1986 through 1988, with a mean annual rate of 4.7 cases per 100,000 (endemic hav incidence rate). during 1989-1993, the incidence of hav infection increased with a peak in 1992 of 19 cases per 100,000 population. a large foodborne outbreak (1992) and community wide outbreaks among african american residents (1989-1993) and nat ... | 1998 | 9617306 |
| hepatitis a. | 1998 | 9620732 | |
| polymorphisms of the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 in african green monkey kidney cells result in antigenic variants that do not react with protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. | monoclonal antibody (mab) 190/4 blocks binding of hepatitis a virus (hav) to the hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) and protects african green monkey kidney (agmk) clone gl37 cells (gl37 cells) against hav infection. bs-c-1 and cv-1 cells, two widely used agmk cell lines, did not react with mab 190/4 but expressed havcr-1, as judged by western blot analysis. the cdna coding for havcr-1 was amplified from bs-c-1 and cv-1 total cellular rna by reverse transcription-pcr. alignment of the amino acid ... | 1998 | 9621093 |
| [the screening of immune donors in organized collectives]. | use of blood of reconvalescents from infectious diseases along with screening of blood from non-immunized donors permits procuring new sources of immune blood preparations with high content of specific antibodies (keeping strictly to the existing normative-instructional documents on donorship). screening of immune donors in military collective bodies is a worth-while exercise both in medical and organizational respects owing to the contingents being homogeneous in sex, age and physiologic status ... | 1998 | 9621631 |
| [hepatitis a epidemic in heerlen in late 1996, importance of immunization in immigrant children]. | description of a local epidemic of hepatitis a in 1996 in heerlen, the netherlands. | 1998 | 9623099 |
| [the hepatitis a epidemic in heerlen, in 1996; the importance of immunization of migrant children]. | 1998 | 9623193 | |
| the shift in prevalence of hepatitis a immunity in flanders, belgium. | the purpose of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of hepatitis a in flanders, belgium, in order to analyse any change in the epidemiological pattern of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the region, and to determine at which age pre-vaccination testing would be useful. to meet these goals, a sero-epidemiological survey was conducted: 4058 serum samples were collected from a random sample of the general population in 1993-94. the overall age-standardised prevalence was 51.3%. among non-belgi ... | 1998 | 9629763 |
| two-year review of hepatitis a vaccine safety: data from the vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers). | 1998 | 9636890 | |
| characterization of replication-competent hepatitis a virus constructs containing insertions at the n terminus of the polyprotein. | to determine whether hepatitis a virus (hav) could tolerate the insertion of exogenous sequences, we constructed full-length hav cdnas containing in-frame insertions at the n terminus of the polyprotein and transfected the derived t7 rna polymerase in vitro transcripts into frhk-4 cells. replication of havvec1, a construct containing an insertion of 60 nucleotides coding for a polylinker, a 2b/2c cleavage site for hav protease 3cpro, and two initiation codons that restored the sequence of the n ... | 1998 | 9420233 |
| should health care workers exposed to hepatitis c routinely receive hepatitis a vaccine? | 1998 | 9438734 | |
| fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis a virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rarely causes fulminant hepatic failure in people with no underlying liver disease. there are limited data on the course of this infection in patients with chronic hepatitis b and chronic hepatitis c. | 1998 | 9445408 |
| immunomagnetic capture pcr for rapid concentration and detection of hepatitis a virus from environmental samples. | we studied the concentration of hepatitis a virus (hav) from environmental samples by membrane filter-based urea-arginine phosphate buffer and its detection by using immunomagnetic capture (ic) reverse transcription (rt)-pcr (ic pcr). magnetic beads coated with anti-hav rabbit antibodies were used for enrichment and concentration of hav from environmental samples. ic pcr is sensitive enough to detect as few as 0.04 pfu of cell culture-adapted hav in inoculated water and sewage samples. ic pcr is ... | 1998 | 9464385 |
| what priority for prevention of hepatitis a in india? | the recent development of a safe, effective vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav) demands a reassessment of the public health importance and priority of hav in india. although acute viral hepatitis is common among children in india, the majority of hav infections are asymptomatic. with increasing age at infection, the proportion of persons developing symptomatic acute hepatitis increases. studies have indicated that virtually all children are infected with hav by 10-15 years of age, but the ... | 1998 | 9465502 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in mumbai, and immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis a vaccine. | since epidemiologic trends of hepatitis a are changing worldwide, we studied its seroprevalence in mumbai, which is thought to be a high-endemicity area. the immunogenicity and safety of a hepatitis a vaccine were also studied. | 1998 | 9465507 |
| evidence that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with an infectious agent linked to hygiene conditions. | the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) in children has shown temporal and geographic variation during the 20th century, with higher rates in developed nations appearing in the first half of the century, but with persisting low rates in developing nations. we sought to assess the relation of childhood all with hygiene conditions, an aspect of socioeconomic development affecting rates of exposure to infectious agents. | 1998 | 9684709 |
| chromatographic removal and heat inactivation of hepatitis a virus during manufacture of human albumin. | csl limited, an australian biopharmaceutical company, has recently converted its method of manufacture for human albumin from a traditional cohn-ethanol fractionation method to a method employing chromatographic techniques. studies were undertaken to determine the efficiency of the chromatographic and pasteurization steps used in the manufacture of albumex(r) (csl's trade name for albumin) in removing and inactivating the potential viral contaminant, hepatitis a virus (hav). the manufacturing pr ... | 1998 | 9693093 |
| utilization of chimeras between human (hm-175) and simian (agm-27) strains of hepatitis a virus to study the molecular basis of virulence. | chimeras between human (hm-175) and simian (agm-27) strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) were constructed to evaluate the effect of the 2c gene of agm-27 on hav replication in cell culture and virulence in tamarins (saguinus mystax) and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). kinetic studies and radioimmunofocus assays demonstrated that replacement of the 2c gene of hav/7, a cell culture-adapted strain of hm-175, with that of agm-27 drastically reduced the ability of the virus to replicate in cultured cell ... | 1998 | 9696843 |
| age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a in children and adolescents from rio de janeiro, brazil, 1978 and 1995. relationship of prevalence to environmental factors. | the age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was determined in two different population groups with low socio-economic status from rio de janeiro city, brazil, whose serum samples were collected 17 years apart (population 1, 1978; population 2, 1995). in population 2, analysis of the anti-hav prevalence was also carried out with respect to environmental factors. population 1 was composed of 520 stored sera collected from the umbilical cord of term neonates and childr ... | 1998 | 9698834 |
| polypeptide 3ab of hepatitis a virus is a transmembrane protein. | hepatitis a virus (hav) protein 3ab is a membrane-interacting protein containing a stretch of 21 hydrophobic amino acid residues. the nature of its membrane association was studied in detail by analysing various deletion mutants. in vivo and in vitro expression of the wild-type protein and its mutants allowed to demonstrate that the hydrophobic domain interacts with membranes and to define the portions essential for this feature. furthermore, the results suggest that 3ab behaves as an integral m ... | 1998 | 9705870 |
| virion concentration method for the detection of human enteric viruses in extracts of hard-shelled clams. | a method to extract and concentrate intact human enteric viruses from oyster extracts for detection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to hard-shelled clams (mercenaria mercenaria). fifty-gram clam samples were processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method and then seeded with 10(1) to 10(5) pfu to poliovirus 1 (pv1) and/or hepatitis a virus (hav). seeded viruses in extracts were purified by fluorocarbon (freon) extraction and concentrated by pol ... | 1998 | 9709210 |
| prolonged nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis a arising from an alcoholic with pneumonia. | from april to june 1996, an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection affecting 15 nurses, patients and household contacts occurred in the department of internal medicine at aker university hospital, oslo. the index case was a homeless alcoholic who was hospitalized in march 1996 with pneumonia while simultaneously incubating hav infection. four secondary cases were infected by the index case, while another 10 cases were caused by a continuous spread of infection within the department during ... | 1998 | 9730295 |
| oral lichen planus and hcv infection: a clinical evaluation of 263 cases. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection induces variable dermatologic manifestations. our purpose was to determine whether there is an association between hcv infection and oral lichen planus (olp). | 1998 | 9732000 |
| trans-encapsidation of a poliovirus replicon by different picornavirus capsid proteins. | a trans-encapsidation assay was established to study the specificity of picornavirus rna encapsidation. a poliovirus replicon with the luciferase gene replacing the capsid protein-coding region was coexpressed in transfected hela cells with capsid proteins from homologous or heterologous virus. successful trans-encapsidation resulted in assembly and production of virions whose replication, upon subsequent infection of hela cells, was accompanied by expression of luciferase activity. the amount o ... | 1998 | 9733835 |
| processing of proteinase precursors and their effect on hepatitis a virus particle formation. | proteolytic processing of the picornaviral polyprotein mediated by the differential action of virus-encoded proteinase(s) is pivotal to both rna genome replication and capsid formation. possibly to enlarge the array of viral proteins, picornaviral polyprotein processing results in intermediate and mature products which apparently have distinct functions within the viral life cycle. for hepatitis a virus (hav), we report here on the autoproteolysis of precursor polypeptides comprising the only vi ... | 1998 | 9733840 |
| the distance between the 3'-pyrimidine-rich tract and the aug codon modulates internal initiation of translation of hepatitis a virus rna. | protein synthesis directed by hepatitis a virus (hav) rna is mediated by a mechanism involving the recognition of internal sequences. two in-frame aug codons initiate the long open reading frame (positions 734-736 and 740-742). the extra-cistronic region extending between the uncapped 5'-end and the orf contains two pyrimidine-rich tracts (prts): one 12 nucleotides in length in the close vicinity of the initiator aug, and a longer one between bases 94 and 140. in order to study the relative cont ... | 1998 | 9738441 |
| [hepatitis a prevention by vaccination]. | 1998 | 9739348 | |
| prevalence and determinants of hepatitis a virus exposure among prison entrants in queensland, australia: implications for public health control. | in september 1997, a multicentre outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurred in the queensland prison system following a prolonged community-based hav epidemic among illicit drug users. as part of the public health response, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate the sero-prevalence of, and identify the determinants for, recent and past hav infection among the incoming male prisoner population. exposure data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 214 consenti ... | 1998 | 9751015 |