Publications

nickel requirement of a urease-deficient mutant in aspergillus nidulans.	the addition of nickel ions restored urease activity in vivo and ability to grow on urea in a mutant strain of aspergillus nidulans otherwise unable to utilize urea. this train carries a mutation in the ured locus, one of four loci involved in urea utilization. no other urease-deficient strains tested responded to the presence of nickel ions. the analogous characteristics of the ured mutant and the nitrate reductase and xanthine dehydrogenase associated cnxe mutants in aspergillus nidulans are d ...	1980	6988544
aspergillus nidulans and aspergillus fumigatus as causal agents of bovine mastitis.	five cases of bovine udder aspergillosis diagnosed clinically and confirmed by repeated demonstration of fungal hyphae in koh preparations and isolation of the organism from milk sediments are described. in one case the fungus was identified as aspergillus nidulans, in the other 4 cases as a. fumigatus. the most pronounced features in altered udders were multiple abscesses with distinctive colonies of fungal hyphae in the centres, embedded in cell detritus, neutrophils and macrophages. these pur ...	1980	6988991
[antimitotic activity of methylbenzimidazol-2-yl-carbamate (mbc). i. light, electron microscopic and physiological studies of germinating conidia of aspergillus nidulans].	in the presence of methylbenzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) swelling of conidia of aspergillus nidulans was not influenced. the total dna content per nucleus doubled only once, indicating that the first cell cycle was arrested in the g2-period. later rna as well as protein synthesis were inhibited. nuclear migration into the germ tube and tip growth were delayed. mbc-treatment induced nuclear enlargement and inhibited the first nuclear division in the germinating conidia. a characteristic nuclear ...	1980	6990640
mutagenicity of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons in salmonella typhimurium, streptomyces coelicolor and aspergillus nidulans.	eight structurally related halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons mono-, di- and trichloroacetaldehyde (the last in the anhydrous and hydrate form), moni-, di- and trichloroethanol and allyl chloride, were tested for their ability to induce gene mutations in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. the genetic systems employed were the salmonella reversion test with strain ta1535 and ta100, with and without metabolic activation, a forward and a back-mutation system in s. coelicolor and two forward ...	1980	6991142
a possible rôle for acid phosphatase in gamma-amino-n-butyrate uptake in aspergillus nidulans.	previously published work from another laboratory has shown that the mutation pacc-5 in the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans leads to loss of an acid phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.2) activity and is probably located in the structural gene for this enzyme. here, we show that, pleiotropically, pacc-5 considerably reduces gamma-amino-n-butyrate transport levels as shown both by direct uptake measurements and two kinds of growth tests. a reduction in expression of the permease specified by the gaba gene is a ...	1980	6992731
[structure of nucleosome (author's transl)].		1980	6994083
developmental gene regulation in aspergillus nidulans.		1980	6997115
developmental regulation of laccase levels in aspergillus nidulans.	asexual spores (conidia) of aspergillus nidulans contain a dark green pigment which is not present in other cell types. synthesis of this pigment is catalyzed, in part, by a developmentally controlled p-diphenol oxidase, or laccase, encoded at the gamma a genetic locus (a. j. clutterbuck, j. gen. microbiol. 70:423-435, 1972). we have investigated the mechanisms regulating expression of the gamma a gene of a. nidulans. vegetative hyphae grown in submerged culture lacked detectable laccase enzyme ...	1980	7000747
membrane-damaging agents cause mitotic non-disjunction in aspergillus nidulans.		1980	7001225
response of aspergillus nidulans and physarum polycephalum to microwave irradiation.	the influence of microwaves on genetic processes in aspergillus nidulans and physarum polycephalum was investigated. suspensions of organisms were exposed in the far zone to 2450-mhz waves at 10 mw/cm2 for one hour in both cw and pulsed (1 microsecond, 600 pps) fields. spores of a. nidulans were irradiated before and during germination. no changes in survival rate or in frequency of morphological mutation were found. polycephalum under the influence of cw microwaves incorporated 3h-thymine into ...	1980	7003154
genetic analysis of resistant mutants to antimitotic benzimidazole compounds in schizosaccharomyces pombe.	mutants resistant to the antimitotic compounds thiabendazole and methyl-2-benzimidazole-carbamate were isolated and analyzed genetically in the fission yeast. schizosaccharomyces pombe. they comprised three groups in terms of genetic linkage. mutants in one linkage group (ben1) differed phenotypically from those in the other two (ben2 and ben3). the former were resistant to the compounds at any physiological temperature tested, whereas the latter exhibited temperature dependent resistance. throu ...	1980	7003311
high sensitivity of deoxyribonuclease 4 of aspergillus nidulans to inhibition by orthophosphate.		1980	7004941
neutral proteinases in germinating conidia and hyphae of aspergillus nidulans.		1980	7004944
[mutagenic effect of combined exposure to 8-methoxypsoralen or angelicin and long-wave ultraviolet light in uvs-strains of aspergillus nidulans].	combined mutagenic effect of near ultraviolet irradiation (nuv, lambda > 320 nm) and angelicin, which forms monoadducts, or 8-methoxypsoralen (8-mop), which forms monoadducts and cross-links in dna, were studied in uvs and uvs+ strains of aspergillus nidulans. mutations were induced intensively by both kinds of furocumarins. the induction of mutations by angelicin testifies the significance of psoralen-pyrimidine monoadducts in mutagenesis. using the method of fractionating nuv-irradiation and s ...	1980	7005024
[x-ray-induced dna degradation in aspergillus nidulans cells. comparative analysis of uv- and xray-induced dna degradation].	x-ray irradiation of aspergillus nidulans wild strain cells from logarithmic phase of growth lead to delay of dna synthesis. insignificant enzymatic dna degradation accomplished with its repair takes place. there is no direct dependence between doses of irradiation and levels of dna degradation. investigation of x-ray induced dna degradation in the number of uvs-mutants has demonstrated the existence of two branches of dna degradation: dependent and independent on external source of energy. depe ...	1980	7005025
a third gene affecting gaba transaminase levels in aspergillus nidulans.		1980	7007164
sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in some galactose non-utilizing mutants of aspergillus nidulans.		1980	7007224
genetic evidence for a second asparaginase in aspergillus nidulans.	the apna1 mutation strongly reduces l-asparagine utilization in aspergillus nidulans. the ahra1 mutation, leading to loss of an l-asparaginase (drainas et al., 1977), eliminates residual l-asparagine utilization in double mutant strains also carrying apna1. this additivity suggests that a. nidulans, like saccharomyces cerevisiae (jones, 1977; dunlop et al., 1978), has two l-asparaginases specified by apna and ahr a, respectively, apna has been mapped to a position on the left arm of linkage grou ...	1980	7019388
genetics of penicillin titre in lines of aspergillus nidulans selected through recurrent mutagenesis.	genetic analyses of mutations for increased penicillin titre were carried out on two strains of aspergillus nidulans isolated after independent programmes of recurrent mutation and selection, similar to those used industrially for strain improvement. both selected strains were stable in terms of colony morphology and penicillins titre. backcrosses to the unselected ancestor indicated that the increased yield of each strain was due to an induced polygenic system with both additive and non-additiv ...	1980	7019390
a review of the coordinated research effort on the comparison of test systems for the detection of mutagenic effects, sponsored by the e.e.c.	under the environmental research programme of the commission of the european communities a coordinated comparative test programme was started to assess the mutagenic effects of chemicals in as many different assay systems as possible. a preliminary report is given on the results for 5 compounds selected by the contact group "genetic effects of chemicals". 11 laboratories contributed data from tests in their expertise. the compounds were methyl methanesulfonate (mms), n-nitrosodiethylamine (den), ...	1980	6769035
a mutation, adjacent to gene amds, defining the site of action of positive-control gene amdr in aspergillus nidulans.	in aspergillus nidulans the acetamidase enzyme is inducible by omega-amino acids, sources of acetyl-coenzyme a, and benzoate. the amdr (or inta) gene is a positive-control gene involved in omega-amino acid induction only. a cis-acting mutation amdi93 located in a complex controlling region adjacent to the acetamidase structural gene was found to abolish induction by omega-amino acids but not induction by other sources of induction. as predicted, this mutation was epistatic to constitutive amdr a ...	1980	6769897
air-borne fungi in the air of barcelona (spain). iii. the genus aspergillus link.	during a survey on the presence of species of the genus aspergillus in the air of the city of barcelona (spain), the following species were identified: aspergillus flavus link, a. niger van tieghem, a. fumigatus fresenius, a. clavatus desmazières, a. terreus thom, a. chevalieri (mang.) thom et church, a. niveus bloch, emend. thom et church, a. ochraceus wilhelm, a. versicolor (vuillemin) tiraboschi, and a. amstelodami (mang.) church et thom.	1980	6770271
bacteriophage infection interferes with guanosine 3'-diphosphate-5'-diphosphate accumulation induced by energy and nitrogen starvation in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	anacystis nidulans accumulates large amounts of guanosine 3'-diphosphate-5'-diphosphate (ppgpp) upon nutritional or energy starvation induced by light-to-dark shift, treatment with carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (an uncoupler), or treatment with l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (an inducer of nitrogen starvation). in contrast to healthy a. nidulans cells, those infected by as-1 cyanophage do not respond with ppgpp accumulation when starved after about one-third of the complete infection cyc ...	1980	6777368
genetic regulation of isocitrate lyase activity in aspergillus nidulans.		1980	7012277
mutagenicity of pesticides evaluated by means of gene-conversion in saccharomyces cerevisiae and in aspergillus nidulans.	nine pesticides, afugan, atrazine, benomyl, captan, daconil, melthaumittel, plantvax, saprol, and wepsin were tested for the induction of mitotic gene-conversion in two different eucaryotic microorganisms, saccharomyces cerevisae and aspergillus nidulans. in s cerevisiae the pesticides were also tested after mouse liver microsomal activation; in a nidulans all tests were performed using both resting and germinating conidia. among the tested pesticides, only captan revealed a consistent genetic a ...	1980	7032901
[comparative study of the oxygen reduction in photosystem ii of the cyanobacteria, anacystis nidulans and anabaena variabilis].	oxygen reduction in the photosystem ii (ps ii) of thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacteria anacystis nidulans and anabaena variabilis was studied in the system simo + dcmu in whose presence competitive electron transport to simo and o2 in possible. the reagents of the mehler reaction were used; these reagents activate oxygen uptake by interacting with the reduced forms of oxygen (malonate and oxalate with o2; glyoxylate and catalase + ethanol with h2o2). the use of the reagents as shown that t ...	1980	6782430
international commission for protection against environmental mutagens and carcinogens. icpemc publication no. 5: an evaluation of the genetic toxicity of dichlorvos.		1980	6782471
light harvesting in anacystis nidulans studied in pigment mutants.	spontaneous pigment mutants of anacystis nidulans were self-selected for improved growth in far red light (> 650 nanometers). questions were asked about those features of the light-harvesting mechanism which altered to give the mutants improved photosynthetic performance in far red. answers were sought by comparing pigment and reaction center concentrations for the parent and six mutants grown in gold fluorescent and in far red light. three significant results emerged. the ratio of reaction cent ...	1980	16661593
cloning of aspergillus nidulans dna. i. selection and analysis of recombinant plasmids capable of complementing pyrf, argif and proab mutations in escherichia coli.	fragments of aspergillus nidulans dna obtained after digestion with ecori, bamhi and hindiii endonucleases were cloned in escherichia coli in plasmid pbr322. these gene banks were used for transformation of 15 e. coli auxotrophic mutants and in 5 cases prototrophic clones containing recombinant plasmids were selected. three different recombinant plasmids conferring prototrophy to pyrf, proab and argif mutants were analyzed. hybridization experiments indicated that in two of these plasmids the in ...	1980	19852107
chilling susceptibility of the blue-green alga anacystis nidulans: ii. stimulation of the passive permeability of cytoplasmic membrane at chilling temperatures.	potassium ions and amino acids were found to leak from the cytoplasm to the outer medium when the blue-green alga, anacystis nidulans, was exposed to the chilling temperatures. the leakage was marked below the critical temperature regions, the midpoint values for which were around 5 and 14 c in cells grown at 28 and 38 c, respectively. these temperature regions coincided with those critical for the susceptibility of the photosynthetic activities and the carotenoid absorption spectrum previously ...	1981	16661623
cloning and analysis of recombinant plasmids containing genes for aspergillus nidulans 5 s rrna.	genes coding for 5s rrna were found to be dispersed in the aspergillus nidulans genome. three different recombinant plasmids hybridizing to 5s rrna were isolated and their restriction enzyme maps were established.	1981	24185988
mutations to constitutivity and derepression are separate and separable in a regulatory gene of aspergillus nidulans.	previous work has shown that expression of the structural genes for the enzymes of nitrate and nitrite assimilation in aspergillus nidulans requires the products of two positively acting regulatory genes - nira, mediating induction, and area, mediating nitrogen metabolite repression. here we show that, in addition to previously described mutations in nira leading to constitutivity, other mutations can be selected in nira leading to nitrogen metabolite derepression. these constitutivity and depre ...	1981	24185869
high frequency transfer of species specific mitochondrial dna sequences between members of the aspergillaceae.	the mitochondrial genome of aspergillus nidulans var. echinulatus is approximately 20% larger than that of the closely related species aspergillus nidulans (eidam) winter. restriction enzyme mapping and electron microscopy has revealed that the size difference is due to the presence of six inserted sequences in the former. with the exception of a small number of species specific restriction sites and the six insertions/deletions, the two mitochondrial genomes appear identical. protoplast fusion ...	1981	24190134
gene roles in the prn cluster of aspergillus nidulans.	the roles of the four genes of the prn gene cluster involved in l-proline catabolism in aspergillus nidulans have been investigated. prnd and prnc encode, respectively, proline exidase and δ(i)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) dehydrogenase. prnb is almost certainly the structural gene for the proline-inducible major proline permease. the prna product has no structural role in these activities but is a positive acting regulatory molecule necessary for the expression of prnd, prnc and, to a lesser e ...	1981	24189952
anaplerotic metabolism of aspergillus nidulans and its effect on biomass synthesis in carbon limited chemostats.	anaplerotic fixation of carbon dioxide by the fungus aspergillus nidulans when grown under carbon-limited conditions was mediated by pyruvate carboxylase and a phosphoenol pyruvate (pep)-metabolising enzyme which has been tentatively designated as pep carboxylase. the activities of both enzymes were growth rate dependent and measurements of h14co3 incorporation by growing mycelium indicated that they were responsible for almost all the assimilated carbon dioxide. in carbon-limited chemostats, th ...	1981	6783000
growth characteristics of saccharomyces cerevisiae and aspergillus nidulans when biotin is replaced by aspartic and fatty acids.	when either aerobic or anaerobic cultures of saccharomyces cerevisiae were supplemented with aspartic and fatty acids in place of biotin, stationary phase populations were very small compared with those obtained in the presence of biotin. similarly, these acids failed to fulfil the role of biotin-requiring strain of aspergillus nidulans. furthermore, a requirement for saturated fatty acid was found with anaerobically cultured s. cerevisiae. cells were fragmented when biotin was replaced by aspar ...	1981	7033444
naturally occurring diploid isolates of aspergillus nidulans.	six wild isolates belonging to heterokaryon compatibility group a of the birmingham aspergillus nidulans collection were shown to be diploid. five were proven heterozygous for a naturally occurring conditional lethal haploid genotype. it is considered unlikely that these diploids arose by mutation in storage. consequently, somatic diploidy is a regular occurrence in the natural population of this saprophytic species.	1981	7033446
the regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the nadp-linked malic enzyme in aspergillus nidulans.	it has previously been suggested that the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ec 4.1.1.32) in aspergillus nidulans is regulated by a repression-derepression mechanism involving a glycolytic intermediate, and not by induction. results obtained using compounds that enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle via 2-oxoglutarate, and that can supply both a carbon and a nitrogen source for a. nidulans, suggest it is more likely that the synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is inducible, ...	1981	7033461
mitotic processes which restore genome balance in aspergillus nidulans.	previous work had shown that haploid strains of aspergillus nidulans with a duplicate chromosome segment (one in normal position, one translocated to another chromosome) were unstable at mitosis; genome balance was restored by spontaneous deletion of either duplicate segment. diploids with an extra, translocated segment showed high instability which was confined to the excess segments; loss of one of these, usually that in translocated position, gave balanced diploid nuclei and the loss was assu ...	1981	7033469
[otomycosis in the south of chile].		1981	7034110
organization of a gene cluster expressed specifically in the asexual spores of a. nidulans.	we have investigated the organization and regulation of a 13.3 kb region of the aspergillus nidulans genome that is preferentially expressed during conidiophore development. this cloned dna segment codes for six polysomal poly(a)rnas present in dormant asexual spores (conidia) at from 8 to 50 copies per cell. the genes encoding these rnas occur once per haploid genome, are separate and distinct, appear to be colinear with their mature rna products and are present in both polarities. two of the g ...	1981	7034956
splice points of the third intron in the yeast mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.	we report the nucleotide sequences at the splicing junctions of intron 13 of the cytochrome b (box) "long" gene of the mitochondrion of saccharomyces cerevisiae and compare them with the homologous sequences in aspergillus nidulans. the two introns occupy exactly the same position and display an open reading frame in phase with the preceding exon at the 5' end and a blocked region at the 3' end.	1981	7034963
the mosaic organization of the apocytochrome b gene of aspergillus nidulans revealed by dna sequencing.	the coding section of the apocytochrome b gene (coba) of the mitochondrial dna of aspergillus nidulans has been completely sequenced. the gene comprises two exons of 507 and 654 bp separated by one intron of approximately 1.1 kb. the derived amino acid sequence shows 61% homology with that of saccharomyces cerevisiae and 51% homology with the cognate human sequence. comparison of these sequences indicates that uga codes for tryptophan in the a. nidulans mitochondrial system. the intron is in exa ...	1981	7034966
a method for the selection of deletion mutations in the l-proline catabolism gene cluster of aspergillus nidulans.		1981	7035292
positive regulation in a eukaryote, a study of the uay gene of aspergillus nidulans. ii. identification of the effector binding protein.	in this publication we report the identification of a protein likely to be coded by uay, a regulatory gene in the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans. uay is a positive control gene necessary for the expression of at least eight unlinked structural genes involved in purine uptake and degradation (scazzocchio and gorton 1977). the physiological effector of the uay system is uric acid, while some of its thioanalogs serve as gratuitous inducers. effector binding proteins were detected by binding to 2-t ...	1981	7012545
isolation of protoplasts from aspergillus nidulans conidiospores.	protoplasts were prepared from conidiospores of aspergillus nidulans. the mononucleated conidia gave protoplasts of a uniform size, approximately 5-micron diameter, depending on the strain and the stabilizing medium used. conidia were preincubated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose in a minimal medium at 37 degrees c for 3 h. the swollen conidia were collected, resuspended in a buffer containing 0.4 m (nh4)2so4 as stabilizer, and incubated with oerskovia lytic enzymes at 30 degrees c for 3 or 4 h. approxima ...	1981	7016284
a beta-tubulin mutation in aspergillus nidulans that blocks microtubule function without blocking assembly.	we have isolated a heat-sensitive beta-tubulin mutation, bena33, that blocks nuclear division and nuclear movement at restrictive temperature. this blockage demonstrates that the beta tubulin encoded by the bena gene is essential to both processes. the blockage of both processes is suppressed by the alpha-tubulin mutation, tuba1; thus the alpha tubulin encoded by the tuba gene must also be involved in both processes. when bena33 is shifted from a permissive to restrictive temperature, nuclei are ...	1981	7018696
regulation of nitrate reductase levels in the cyanobacteria anacystis nidulans, anabaena sp. strain 7119, and nostoc sp. strain 6719.	the effect of the nitrogen source on the cellular activity of ferredoxin-nitrate reductase in different cyanobacteria was examined. in the unicellular species anacystis nidulans, nitrate reductase was repressed in the presence of ammonium but de novo enzyme synthesis took place in media containing either nitrate or not nitrogen source, indicating that nitrate was not required as an obligate inducer. nitrate reductase in a. nidulans was freed from ammonium repression by l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximi ...	1981	6780511
induction of point mutations by benomyl in dna-repair-deficient aspergillus nidulans.		1981	7019695
an alpha-amanitin-resistant dna-dependent rna polymerase ii from the fungus aspergillus nidulans.	an alpha-amanitin-resistant dna-dependent rna polymerase ii has been purified from the lower eukaryote aspergillus nidulans to apparent homogeneity by extraction of the enzyme at low salt concentration, polymin p (polyethylene imine) fractionation, binding to ion-exchangers and density gradient centrifugation. by this procedure 0.4 mg of rna polymerase ii can be purified over 6,000-fold from 500 g (wet weight) of starting material with a yield of 25% and a specific activity of 550 units/mg. the ...	1981	7021153
induction of extracellular proteases by egg-white in aspergillus nidulans.	aspergillus nidulans when supplemented with egg-white protein (1 %) produced considerable amounts of proteases extracellularly. the order of the appearance of the proteolytic enzymes growth on untreated and heat-inactivated egg-white were studied. they showed ph optima of 5, 7.2 and 9 when assayed at 37 degrees c. it is proposed that one of the factors leading to higher cell mass of a. nidulans in the presence of egg-white is the availability of protease-catalyzed hydrolyzed products of egg-whit ...	1981	7021371
lipid components variation among the temperature-sensitive mutants and wild strain of aspergillus nidulans.	the fungus aspergillus nidulans and its two temperature-sensitive mutants were grown in synthetic media at permissive and restrictive temperatures. after seven days of growth, total lipids were extracted and characterised from the mycelia. in the case of the wild strain, an increase in the incubation temperature resulted in an increase in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and was inversely proportional to the ratio of short chain to long chain fatty acids. it was interesting to n ...	1981	7021468
pyruvate carboxylase from aspergillus nidulans. regulatory properties.		1981	7026241
fatty acid composition of oil synthesized by aspergillus nidulans.	the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans eidam strain 300 was found to be capable of synthesizing 24.9% oil or remarkably low free fatty acidity, in a chemically defined medium with 34% glucose as sole carbon source. although the total content of oil synthesized was less, utilization of the carbon source is better as shown by the high (8.4) fat coefficient. the major component fatty acids of the oil were palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic and are influenced by the source of carbon. palmito ...	1981	7026394
mutagenicity of chemicals of industry and agricultural relevance in salmonella, streptomyces and aspergillus.		1981	7026896
thiram-induced abnormal chromosome segregation in aspergillus nidulans.		1981	7027033
evolution of rrna and origin of mitochondria.		1981	7027053
mutagenicity of monoadducts and cross-links induced in aspergillus nidulans by 8-methoxypsoralen plus 365 nm radiation.		1981	7027284
a third unlinked gene controlling the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in aspergillus nidulans.	pyruvate dehydrogenase complex mutants of aspergillus nidulans were obtained by ultraviolet treatment and enrichment procedures. among 160 glycolytic mutants, 86 pyruvate dehydrogenase complex mutants (including some temperature-sensitive mutants) were found. in addition to genes pdha and pdhb, which are described in previous studies, a third gene, pdhc, controlling the function of the enzyme complex, was identified. the three genes were not linked and were mapped in the following linkage groups ...	1981	7028719
dominant spore color mutants of aspergillus nidulans defective in germination and sexual development.	the ascomycete aspergillus nidulans produces green conidia (asexual spores). recessive mutants which produce yellow conidia have been previously isolated from haploid strains and have been shown to be deficient in laccase (diphenol oxidase), an enzyme that requires copper for activity. using a diploid parent strain, we isolated dominant yellow conidial mutants which, in the haploid state, produced even less laccase activity than a recessive mutant. three isolates of such mutants behaved similarl ...	1981	7028722
rna synthesis during the germination of conidia of aspergillus nidulans.	rna accumulates most rapidly in germinating conidia of aspergillus nidulans between 6 h and 14 h after the initiation of germination. 3h-adenine is incorporated into all classes of rna before the emergence of the germ tube, but most of the label appears in rrna. there is an increase in total rna polymerase activity, which occurs in parallel with the increase in rna synthesis. three peaks of rna polymerase activity were separated on phosphocellulose columns and their properties investigated.	1981	7031437
sensitive detection of tritium in southern blot and plaque hybridizations.		1981	7032353
selection for increased penicillin titre following hybridization of divergent lines of aspergillus nidulans.	sexual hybridization of two divergent lines of aspergillus nidulans, which had been selected for increased penicillin titre through successive cycles of mutagenesis, released considerable variation for this character. the recovery of segregants with titres equivalent to that of the unselected ancestor suggested that mutations in different genes had been selected in the two lines. however, complementary segregants with substantially improved titres were not found, indicating interactions, probabl ...	1981	7040598
induction of fenarimol-efflux activity in aspergillus nidulans by fungicides inhibiting sterol biosynthesis.	fungicides inhibiting sterol biosynthesis belong to chemically distinct classes such as imidazole, morpholine, pyridine, pyrimidine and triazole derivatives. incubation of mycelium of aspergillus nidulans for 90 min with representatives of these fungicides induced an efflux activity which prevented accumulation of fenarimol, a pyrimidine derivative, into the mycelium. induction of this efflux activity reduced the fungitoxicity of fenarimol. addition of oligomycin to mycelium in which fenarimol-e ...	1981	7040601
induced gene mutation and mitotic non-disjunction in a. nidulans.	toxicants of different classes were analysed for capacity to induce gene mutation and mitotic non-disjunction in aspergillus nidulans, using selective and permissive tests, respectively. ethanol, amphotericin b and micanozole, all affecting membrane integrity, induced only non-disjunction, emphasizing the röle of the membrane in mitosis. benomyl and isopropyl-3-chlorophenyl carbamate (cipc), two pesticides which interfere with spindle system, induced only non-disjunction. conversely, mitomycin c ...	1981	7036415
the microbiology of spent mushroom compost and its dust.	microorganisms in spent steamed mushroom compost and its dust were enumerated, and identified. some phase ii (indoor composting) compost samples were also examined. steaming of spent compost resulted in a 70-76% reduction in microbial numbers. total counts made with compost fusion agar were approximately two logs greater than those for nutrient agar. the most common bacterial isolate was bacillus licheniformis. the most common actinomycete isolates were streptomyces diastaticus and thermoactinom ...	1981	7197578
mitochondrial trna gene clusters in aspergillus nidulans: organization and nucleotide sequence.		1981	7008953
growth-mediated metabolic activation of promutagens in aspergillus nidulans.	7 procarcinogens belonging to different chemical classes (nitrosamines, hydrazoalkanes, oxazaphosphorines and aromatic amines) were tested in a. nidulans for the induction of point mutations with two genetic systems (8-ag resistance and induction of methionine suppressors). dimethylnitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine, nitrosomorpholine, dimethylhydrazine, procarbazine and cyclophosphamide gave positive results with a good dose--effect relationship in the growth-mediated assay, whereas they gave nega ...	1981	7010140
mutagenicity of methyl benzimidazole-2-yl carbamate (mbc) towards aspergillus nidulans (eidam) winter and cladosporium cucumerinum ellis & arth.	the ability of methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) to induce point mutations to carboxin and mbc resistance was tested in aspergillus nidulans (eidam) winter and cladosporium cucumerinum ellis & arth. a sub-lethal concentration (e.d.50) of mbc, when incorporated into a complete agar medium, induced mbc resistance in germinating conidia of a. nidulans and carboxin resistance in germinating conidia of c. cucumerinum. the significance of these findings in relation to fungicide resistance in th ...	1981	7010147
the ph dependence of the mutagenicity of methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) towards aspergillus nidulans (eidam) winter and cladosporium cucumerinum ellis & arth.	the ability of methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc) to induce point mutations to carboxin and mbc resistance in aspergillus nidulans (eidam) winter and cladosporium cucumerinum ellis & arth. was dependent upon the ph value of the agar medium into which it had been incorporated. the relevance of this in relation to testing chemicals for a possible mutagenic activity with microorganisms is discussed.	1981	7010148
picosecond energy transfer in porphyridium cruentum and anacystis nidulans.	picosecond energy transfer is measured in anacystis nidulans and porphyridium cruentum. fluorescence is sensitized by a 6-ps laser flash, at 530 nm. the time dependence of fluorescence is measured with reference to the laser pulse. fluorescence is recorded from phycoerythrin (576 nm), r-phycocyanin (640 nm), allophycocyanin (666 nm), photosystem ii chlorophyll (690 nm) and long wave length chlorophyll (715 nm). energy transfer measurements are made at 37 degrees c, 23 degrees c, and 0 degrees c, ...	1981	6788106
intergeneric cosynthesis of penicillin by strains of penicillium chrysogenum, p. chrysogenum/notatum and aspergillus nidulans.	a number of mutants impaired in penicillin production have previously been isolated from penicillium chrysogenum and aspergillus nidulans. during cofermentation of osmotically fragile mycelia derived from these strains, in the presence of inhibitors of cell wall regeneration, intergeneric cosynthesis has been demonstrated between mutants which are probably impaired in different parts of th penicillin biosynthetic pathway.	1981	6798163
nucleotide sequence of 5s ribosomal rna from aspergillus nidulans and neurospora crassa.	the nucleotide sequences of 5s rrna molecules isolated from the cytosol and the mitochondria of the ascomycetes a. nidulans and n. crassa were determined by partial chemical cleavage of 3'-terminally labelled rna. the sequence identity of the cytosolic and mitochondrial rna preparations confirms the absence of mitochondrion-specific 5s rrna in these fungi. the sequences of the two organisms differ in 35 positions, and each sequence differs from yeast 5s rrna in 44 positions. both molecules conta ...	1981	6453331
microbial short-term assays with thiram in vitro.	the fungicide thiram was assayed in the following tests in vitro, with and without metabolic activation: (1) prophage lambda induction of escherichia coli k12; (2) repair test in salmonella typhimurium (strains ta1538 and ta1978); (3) induction of gene mutations in aspergillus nidulans (metha1 suppressor induction). thiram was positive in the repair test and in the a. nidulans forward-mutation test (4-6 fold increase) in the absence of metabolic activation. a slight increase was observed in prop ...	1981	6454074
adenosine triphosphatase of aspergillus nidulans: variation of ca2+-atpase isoenzymes.		1981	6456218
atpase activity in gal mutants of aspergillus nidulans.		1981	6458561
biochemical analysis of mutants defective in nitrate assimilation in neurospora crassa: evidence for autogenous control by nitrate reductase.	a biochemical analysis of mutants altered for nitrate assimilation in neurospora crassa is described. mutant alleles at each of the nine nit (nitrate-nonutilizing) loci were assayed for nitrite reductase activity, for three partial activities of nitrate reductase, and for nitrite reductase activity. in each case, the enzyme deficiency was consistent with data obtained from growth tests and complementation tests in previous studies. the mutant strains at these nit loci were also examined for alte ...	1981	6460156
solubility of (1 leads to 3)-beta-d/(1 leads to 6)-beta-d-glucan in fungal walls: importance of presumed linkage between glucan and chitin.	in saccharomyces cerevisiae, neurospora crassa, aspergillus nidulans and coprinus cinereus most of the alkali-insoluble (1 leads to 3)-beta-d/(1 leads to 6)-beta-d-glucan of the wall can be extracted with dimethyl sulphoxide. the same fraction, and in saccharomyces cerevisiae a small additional fraction, can be extracted by a destructive procedure involving 40% naoh at 100 degrees c. the small fraction of the glucan which resists this treatment becomes soluble after a subsequent treatment with h ...	1981	6460846
cellular and extracellular siderophores of aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum.	aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum produce specific cellular siderophores in addition to the well-known siderophores of the culture medium. since this was found previously in neurospora crassa, it is probably generally true for filamentous ascomycetes. the cellular siderophore of a. nidulans is ferricrocin; that of p. chrysogenum is ferrichrome. a. nidulans also contains triacetylfusigen, a siderophore without apparent biological activity. conidia of both species lose siderophores ...	1981	6242827
the cloning of aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial dna in escherichia coli on plasmid pbr322.		1981	6270505
nucleotide sequence of the aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial gene coding for the small ribosomal subunit rna: homology to e. coli 16s rrna.	the complete primary structure of the 1437 bp gene coding for mitochondrial 15s rrna and its flanking regions was determined by maxam-gilbert sequencing of cloned hindiii fragment h3 of a. nidulans mtdna. the gene product reveals significant homology (59%) to e. coli 16s rrna, and the potential secondary structures of both rrna molecules are very similar, except that the hairpin structures 7, 8 and 30 of the brimacombe 16s rrna model are deleted, and that two sequences of 8 and 31 nucleotides ar ...	1981	6273804
vectors for cloning in cyanobacteria: construction and characterization of two recombinant plasmids capable of transformation of escherichia coli k12 and anacystis nidulans r2.	two plasmids were constructed consisting of the e. coli vector pacyc184 and the cyanobacterial plasmid puc1. these recombinants, designated puc104 and puc105, can be transformed to e. coli k12 as well as to the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r2 and in both hosts they express their antibiotic markers. puc104 and puc105 differ with respect to the location and the orientation of the pacyc184 segment in puc1. puc104 was found to be stable under all circumstances. transformation of puc105 to a. ni ...	1981	6276694
construction of a hybrid plasmid capable of replication in the bacterium escherichia coli and the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans.	a hybrid plasmid was constructed between the 5.3-megadalton plasmid (puh24) of anacystis nidulans r2 and the escherichia coli plasmid pbr322. this was accomplished by adding a transposon to pbr322 and transforming this dna into a. nidulans. one resultant hybrid, pls103, had a molecular weight of 6.8 x 10(6), replicated in both organisms, had unique sites for two restriction endonucleases, conferred ampicillin resistance on both organisms, and could be used as a cloning vector in a. nidulans.	1982	6277870
restriction enzyme analysis of mitochondrial dna of members of the genus aspergillus as an aid in taxonomy.	restriction endonuclease patterns of mitochondrial dna from seven species of the genus aspergillus (a. nidulans, a. wentii, a. awamori, a. niger, a. oryzae, a. tamarii and a. echinulatus) have been compared in order to test the phylogenetic relationships between these species. the fraction of restriction fragments common between all pairs of species from this set ranged from 0 to 1. the use of this approach for the taxonomy of the genus aspergillus is discussed. the postulated phylogenetic relat ...	1982	6281364
organization of the ribosomal rna gene cluster in aspergillus nidulans.	dna coding for ribosomal rna in aspergillus nidulans was found to consist of a unit 7.8 kb in size which is tandemly repeated in the genome and codes for 5.8s, 18s and 26s rrna. the repeat unit has been cloned, and its restriction map and the location of the individual rrna coding sequences within the unit have been established.	1982	6282710
nucleotide sequence of a region of the mitochondrial genome of aspergillus nidulans including the gene for atpase subunit 6.	a 1500 bp fragment of the aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial genome contains genes for arginine and asparagine trnas, an unassigned reading frame, and the structural gene for atpase subunit 6. the trna genes possess 66% nucleotide homology and possibly originated by a relatively recent duplication event. the unassigned reading frame displays a low level of homology with the human urf a6l. the predicted amino acid sequence of the a-nidulans atpase subunit 6 gene is 40% homologous to the yeast pol ...	1982	6285306
cloning and expression in escherichia coli k-12 of the biosynthetic dehydroquinase function of the arom cluster gene from the eucaryote, aspergillus nidulans.	a 1.35 md dna hindiii fragment containing part of the arom gene cluster or cluster gene of aspergillus nidulans encoding biosynthetic dehydroquinase (5-dehydroquinate hydrolyase) has been cloned in plasmid pbr322 on the basis of functional expression in escherichia coli. the fungal fragment on pbr322, designated phk29, complements a corresponding e. coli dehydroquinase structural gene (arod) mutation. phk29 contains one bamhi, hpaii, psti, smai, xhoi and surprisingly, one hindiii site since phk2 ...	1982	6287167
nucleotide sequence of aspergillus nidulans mitochondrial genes coding for atpase subunit 6, cytochrome oxidase subunit 3, seven unidentified proteins, four trnas and l-rrna.	the complete nucleotide sequence of a 14 kb segment of a. nidulans mtdna reveals a rather compact organization of genes transcribed from the same strand and coding for two functionally known proteins, seven unidentified polypeptides (urfs), 24 trnas and two rrnas. one of the urfs is located in the intron of the l-rrna gene and codes for a basic protein of 410 residues. the other urfs are in spacer regions and code for hydrophobic proteins. urfa is homologous to human urf4, and urfb produces a po ...	1982	6290989
genetic approaches to the analysis of microbial development.		1982	6297378
a new approach for molecular cloning in cyanobacteria: cloning of an anacystis nidulans met gene using a tn901-induced mutant.	a new strategy for molecular cloning in the cyanobacterium anacystis nidulans r-2 is described. this strategy involved the use of a transposon and was developed for the cloning of a gene encoding methionine biosynthesis. a met::tn901 mutant was isolated. chromosomal dna fragments were cloned in the escherichia coli plasmid vector pacyc184. a recombinant plasmid carrying the inactivated met::tn901 gene was selected after transformation to e. coli. the cloned met::tn901 dna fragment was used as a ...	1982	6298064
a physical map of the ribosomal dna repeat unit of aspergillus nidulans.	the ribosomal dna repeat unit of aspergillus nidulans has been cloned in pbr322 and a restriction map constructed. the genes coding for the 17s, 5.8s and 25s rrnas are found in blocks separated by a 1.7 kb spacer region, with the 5.8s rna gene lying between the genes for the two larger rnas. the total length of the repeat unit is 7.7 kb. the 5s rrna is not present in the repeat unit.	1982	6299883
international commission for protection against environmental mutagens and carcinogens. committee 2 final report. mutagenesis testing as an approach to carcinogenesis.		1982	6214712
extracellular siderophores of rapidly growing aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum.	the highly active extracellular siderophores previously detected in young cultures of aspergillus nidulans and penicillium chrysogenum have been identified as the cyclic ester fusigen (fusarinine c), and its open-chain form, fusigen b (fusarinine b).	1982	6461636
the genetic toxicology in fungi of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl (4cmb), 4-hydroxymethylbiphenyl (4hmb) and benzyl chloride (bc). survey of the results of the u.k.e.m.s. collaborative genotoxicity trial 1981.		1982	6460178
the isolation of a fungal metabolite which exhibits antimicrobial synergy with sterigmatocystin.		1982	6802793
temperature-shift analysis of conidial development in aspergillus nidulans.		1982	6813166
urea and thiourea transport in aspergillus nidulans.	wild-type aspergillus nidulans has an active transport system specific for urea which concentrates urea at least 50-fold relative to the extracellular concentration. it is substrate concentration dependent, with an apparent km of 3 x 10-(5) m for urea. competition studies and the properties of mutants indicate that thiourea is taken up by the same system as urea. thiourea is toxic at 5mm to wild-type cells of aspergillus nidulans. mutants, designated urea1 to urea16, resistant to thiourea have b ...	1982	6814421
de novo formation of the niad gene directed protomer in the nadph-nitrate reductase of aspergillus nidulans.		1982	6817753
two-way selection of mutants and revertants to chloroneb resistance in aspergillus nidulans.	5 mutants of aspergillus nidulans, selected for resistance to chloroneb, were also partially dependent on it. the resistance of these mutants to chloroneb was about 20-150 times higher than that of the original strain. the resistance marker was due to a mutation in a single gene, located in linkage group iii, and behaved as a recessive character. this genetic marker was distal in relation to galal with a recombination frequency of about 30-35%. the different levels of resistance were attributed ...	1982	6750388
evaluation of 2 different genetic markers for the detection of frameshift and missense mutagens in a. nidulans.	21 chemicals, known to induce missense and/or frameshift mutations directly, were assayed for their ability to forward mutate a haploid strain of a. nidulans. 2 genetic markers for forward mutations were used, namely 8-azaguanine resistance and induction of meth a1 suppressors. missense mutagens were usually active when tested with the plate-incorporation technique, whereas frameshift agents were ineffective; some of these, on the other hand, turned out to be positive when tested with a liquid-t ...	1982	6750392