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[characteristics and the prevalence of respiratory viruses and the correlation with climatic factors of hospitalized children in suzhou children's hospital.]objective: to study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infection and its relations to climatic factors in suzhou. methods: from 2006 to 2009, viral etiology surveillance was conducted among 6655 children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infections (aris). direct immunofluorescence method was used to test respiratory secretion samples for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza viruses a and b (inf-a, inf-b), parainfluenza virus types i, ii, and iii (pinf-i, pi ...201121624230
the human metapneumovirus: a case series and review of the literature.s. shahda, w.g. carlos, p.j. kiel, b.a. khan, c.a. hage. the human metapneumovirus: a case series and review of the literature transpl infect dis 2011: 13: 324-328. all rights reserved abstract: human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an emerging human pulmonary pathogen that is genetically related to respiratory syncytial virus. it has been increasingly associated with respiratory illnesses over the last few decades. immunocompromised patients are particularly susceptible with resultant morbidity and m ...201121631655
human metapneumovirus glycoprotein g inhibits tlr4-dependent signaling in monocyte-derived dendritic cells.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major cause of upper and lower respiratory infections in children and adults. recent work from our group demonstrated that hmpv g glycoprotein is an important virulence factor, responsible for inhibiting innate immune responses in airway epithelial cells. myeloid dendritic cells (dcs) are potent apcs and play a major role in initiating and modulating the innate and adaptive immune responses. in this study, we found that tlr4 plays a major role in hmpv-induced ac ...201121632720
human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus associated with respiratory infection in apulian population.we have studied the occurrence of hbov, hmpv and infa-b in an apulian population with respiratory tract infections. during influenza season 2008-2009, 116 oropharingeal swabs were collected from patients affected by influenza-like illness (ili). the pcr products of hmpv m and hbov np-1 genes were sequenced. 78 out of 116 samples were positive for at least one respiratory virus; hbov was detected in 53, hmpv in 22 and infa-b in 41 out of 116 swabs. a high rate of hbov infection in adult (18.9%) a ...201121636105
viral agents causing lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized children: evaluation of the speed-oligo® rsv assay for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the viral agent which is more frequently involved in lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in infants under 1 year of age in developed countries. a new oligochromatographic assay, speed-oligo® rsv, was designed and optimized for the specific detection and identification of rsv subtypes a and b. the test was evaluated in 289 clinical samples from 169 hospitalized children using an immunochromatography (ic) test, virus isolation by culture, and an in-house ...201121647616
sole infection by human metapneumovirus among children with radiographically diagnosed community-acquired pneumonia in a tropical region.limited information is available on the role of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) as the unique pathogen among children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in a tropical region.201121651739
severity of viral coinfection in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection.to compare the severity of single respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections with that of coinfections.201121655684
a molecular epidemiological study of respiratory viruses detected in japanese children with acute wheezing illness.recent studies strongly suggest that some respiratory viruses are associated with the induction of acute wheezing and/or exacerbation of bronchial asthma. however, molecular epidemiology of these viruses is not exactly known.201121663657
changing epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and solid organ transplant recipients.new respiratory viruses have been discovered in recent years and new molecular diagnostic assays have been developed that improve our understanding of respiratory virus infections. this article will review the changing epidemiology of these viruses after hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation.201121666460
multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children.please cite this paper as: martin et┬áal. (2011) multiple versus single virus respiratory infections: viral load and clinical disease severity in hospitalized children. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00265.x00 (00), 000-000. backgroundôçé molecular testing for viral pathogens has resulted in increasing detection of multiple viruses in respiratory secretions of ill children. the clinical impact of multiple virus infections on clinical presentation and outco ...201121668660
epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009.please cite this paper as: zuccotti et┬áal. (2011) epidemiological and clinical features of respiratory viral infections in hospitalized children during the circulation of influenza virus a(h1n1) 2009. influenza and other respiratory viruses. doi: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00263.x. backgroundôçé seasonal influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are primary causes of acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in children. new respiratory viruses including human metapneumovirus (hmpv ...201121668662
respiratory virus infections among hospitalized patients with suspected influenza a h1n1 2009 virus during the first pandemic wave in brazil.during the first pandemic wave of the influenza a h1n1 2009 virus, morbidity was particularly high in brazil. hospitalizations resulting from severe respiratory disease due to suspected influenza-like illness created an opportunity to identify other respiratory viruses causing lower respiratory infections.201121670921
treatment with oral ribavirin and ivig of severe human metapneumovirus pneumonia (hmpv) in immune compromised child. 201121671370
[molecular epideiological and clinical feature of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection in nanjing city].to investigate the molecular epideiological and clinical feature of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory tract infection in nanjing city, china.201121789843
new respiratory viruses and the elderly.the diagnostics of respiratory viral infections has improved markedly during the last 15 years with the development of pcr techniques. since 1997, several new respiratory viruses and their subgroups have been discovered: influenza a viruses h5n1 and h1n1, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses sars, nl63 and hku1, human bocavirus, human rhinoviruses c and d and potential respiratory pathogens, the ki and wu polyomaviruses and the torque teno virus. the detection of previously known viruses has als ...201121760867
comparison of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs for the diagnosis of eight respiratory viruses by real-time reverse transcription-pcr assays.many acute respiratory illness surveillance systems collect and test nasopharyngeal (np) and/or oropharyngeal (op) swab specimens, yet there are few studies assessing the relative measures of performance for np versus op specimens.201121738731
wu polyomavirus infection among children in south china.this study aimed at investigating the prevalence and clinical characteristics of children with respiratory infection by wu polyomavirus (wupyv) in southern china. nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from 771 children with acute respiratory tract infection admitted to hospital and 82 samples from healthy subjects for routine examination at the outpatient service at the second affiliated hospital of shantou university, medical college from july 2008 to june 2009. wupyv was detected by t ...201121678448
low ccr7-mediated migration of human monocyte derived dendritic cells in response to human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and, to a lesser extent, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3), can re-infect symptomatically throughout life without significant antigenic change, suggestive of incomplete or short-lived immunity. in contrast, re-infection by influenza a virus (iav) largely depends on antigenic change, suggestive of more complete immunity. antigen presentation by dendritic cells (dc) is critical in initiating the adaptive immune respon ...201121731495
[respiratory infections caused by metapneumovirus in elderly patients].human metapneumovirus infections are increasingly recognized among adult patients and the aim of this report is to present a series of 4 cases admitted during the winter of 2010. all were detected by direct fluorescence anti-bodies assay of respiratory samples and all were female patients with an age range of 79 to 95 years, including two bedridden cases, one with dementia and three with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. one patient presented with parainfluenza 3 virus coinfection. patients ...201121720698
genomic analysis of four human metapneumovirus prototypes.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important cause of acute respiratory illness in children. we determined the complete genome sequence of four strains of hmpv representing each of the four lineages. these sequences were compared with published hmpv genome sequences. most genes were conserved between the genetic lineages (79.5-99.6%), though nucleotide diversity was greater than amino acid diversity, suggesting functional constraints on mutation. however, the sh and g open reading frames were mo ...201121740936
human metapneumovirus in patients with respiratory tract infection in kuwait.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been recognized as an important cause of respiratory tract infections in all age groups and in all geographical area. the role of hmpv in causing respiratory tract infections in kuwait was not yet investigated. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hmpv infection in kuwait among patients with respiratory tract infection with respect to other respiratory viruses. during january-december 2009, 460 respiratory samples from 388 patients with respir ...201121837799
generation of recombinant metapneumovirus nucleocapsid protein as nucleocapsid-like particles and development of virus-specific monoclonal antibodies.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a member of the pneumovirinea subfamily within the paramyxoviridea family. since its discovery in 2001, hmpv has been isolated in several continents, which suggests its prevalence worldwide. hmpv resembles human respiratory syncytial virus with regard to disease symptoms and its ability to infect and cause disease in young infants as well as individuals of all ages. the aim of the current study was to construct an efficient high-level yeast expression system for t ...201121827798
porphyromonas gingivalis enzymes enhance infection with human metapneumovirus in vitro.relatively recently discovered, the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a human pathogen with worldwide prevalence, accounting for a substantial percentage of respiratory tract diseases. concurrent viral and bacterial infections enable intricate mechanisms of cooperation between pathogens, which complicate the symptoms and outcome of the disease. such bilateral interactions are based on the modulation of bacterial growth on epithelium pathologically altered during viral illness and the modulation of ...201121715599
contribution of common and recently described respiratory viruses to annual hospitalizations in children in south africa.the contribution of viruses to lower respiratory tract disease in sub-saharan africa where human immunodeficiency virus may exacerbate respiratory infections is not well defined. no data exist on some of these viruses for southern africa. comprehensive molecular screening may define the role of these viruses as single and co-infections in a population with a high hiv-aids burden. to address this, children less than 5 years of age with respiratory infections from 3 public sector hospitals, pretor ...201121678450
viral acute respiratory infections among infants visited in a rural hospital of southern mozambique.objectivesôçé to determine the epidemiology and clinical presentation of virus-associated acute respiratory infections (ari) in mozambican infants. methodsôçé a systematic selection of nasopharyngeal aspirates (nôçâ=ôçâ333), collected from infants younger than 12ôçâmonths who visited manhi+ºa district hospital (southern mozambique) with ari during a 12ôçâmonths respiratory syncitial virus surveillance, were tested for other common respiratory viruses. four different polymerase chain reactions we ...201121707876
real-world comparison of two molecular methods for detection of respiratory viruses.abstract:201121714915
characterization of human metapneumovirus from pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections in a 4-year period in beijing, china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was discovered by scientists in the netherlands as a novel respiratory virus in 2001 and had been found in children with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in china. the objective of this study was to determine the importance of hmpv infection in children in beijing and the genotypes of the circulating virus by the surveillance during a four-consecutive-year period.201121740766
detection and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in india.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes acute respiratory infections in children and adults. it is classified into two major genetic lineages and each lineage into two sublineages. the purpose of the study was to identify and characterize hmpv in children who presented to the all india institute of medical sciences, new delhi, india with acute respiratory infection from april 2005 to march 2007. by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, hmpv was detected in 21 (3%) of the 662 nasopharyngea ...201121837798
RSV 2010: Recent advances in research on respiratory syncytial virus and other pneumoviruses.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are important causes of acute respiratory tract disease in infants, immunocompromised patients and the elderly. The Seventh International RSV symposium was held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from December 2-5, 2010. This symposium is the flagship event for leading investigators engaged in RSV and HMPV research around the world. The objective of the symposium was to provide a forum to review recent advances in research on RSV, HM ...201121827813
rna viruses in young nepalese children hospitalized with severe pneumonia.pneumonia is among the leading causes of illness and death in children <5 years of age worldwide. there is little information on the viral etiology of severe pneumonia in low-income countries, where the disease burden is particularly high.201121860338
an outbreak of severe respiratory tract infection due to human metapneumovirus in a long-term care facility for the elderly in oregon.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was demonstrated to be responsible for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection with high morbidity and mortality among residents of a long-term care facility for the elderly during the late spring-summer in oregon. respiratory virus infections are a common cause of death in the elderly and the burden of human metapneumovirus may be underestimated. this case report stresses the importance of hmpv in causing outbreaks in long-term care facilities for the elder ...201122078146
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and respiratory virus infections in children with persistent cough in England: a retrospective analysis.Persistent cough following an acute respiratory tract infection is common in children, but clinicians may find it difficult to give accurate prognostic information on likely duration of cough without a microbiologic diagnosis. This study estimates the prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) and assesses the prognostic value of detecting Mp and respiratory viruses in children with persistent cough.201121857262
Human metapneumovirus strains circulating in Latin America.The human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in young children, elderly patients, and immunocompromised hosts. In this study, we genetically analyzed the circulating HMPV in Central and South America from July 2008 to June 2009 and characterized the strains present in this region. Samples were collected during an international collaborative influenza like illness surveillance study and then sequenced with specific primers for the HMPV G gene. Our results ...201122200894
high detection rates of nucleic acids of a wide range of respiratory viruses in the nasopharynx and the middle ear of children with a history of recurrent acute otitis media.both bacteria and viruses play a role in the development of acute otitis media, however, the importance of specific viruses is unclear. in this study molecular methods were used to determine the presence of nucleic acids of human rhinoviruses (hrv; types a, b, and c), respiratory syncytial viruses (rsv; types a and b), bocavirus (hbov), adenovirus, enterovirus, coronaviruses (229e, hku1, nl63, and oc43), influenza viruses (types a, b, and c), parainfluenza viruses (types 1, 2, 3, 4a, and 4b), hu ...201121915878
[Etiology survey on virus of acute respiratory infection in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2009].To investigate the pathogens of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Guangzhou from 2006 to 2009.201122177307
comparison of the filmarray respiratory panel and prodesse real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory pathogens.we compared the diagnostic performance and overall respiratory pathogen detection rate of the premarket version of the filmarray respiratory panel (rp) multiplex pcr assay (idaho technology, inc., salt lake city, ut) with those of the food and drug administration (fda)-cleared prodesse proflu+, profast+, proparaflu+, pro hmpv+, and proadeno+ real-time pcr assays (gen-probe, san diego, ca). the assays were performed on a panel of 192 nasopharyngeal-secretion specimens collected from 81 children u ...201121998418
ten years of human metapneumovirus research.described for the first time in 2001, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has become one of the main viral pathogens responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in children but also in the elderly and immuno-compromised patients. the pathogen most closely related to hmpv is human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children. hmpv has been classified into two main viral groups a and b and has a seasonal distribution in temperate countr ...201122074934
human metapneumovirus inhibits ifn-β signaling by downregulating jak1 and tyk2 cellular levels.human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, inhibits type i interferon (ifn) signaling by an unidentified mechanism. in this study, we showed that infection of airway epithelial cells with hmpv decreased cellular level of janus tyrosine kinase (jak1) and tyrosine kinase 2 (tyk2), due to enhanced proteosomal degradation and reduced gene transcription. in addition, hmpv infection also reduced the surface expression of type i ifn receptor (ifnar). these ...201121949722
Detection of hMPV antigen by EIA in clinical specimens.Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the latest discovered viruses. It has been classified to Paramyxoviridae family. It is the second viral etiological agent, after RSV, which causes respiratory tract infections (RTI) in children, especially children below 5 years old. It is estimated that 5-25% of RTI in children is due to hMPV. In adults hMPV reinfections are bounded to upper respiratory tract infections. The aim of the study was to establish usefulness of ELISA test in detecting hMPV antig ...201122184941
human metapneumovirus and human coronavirus infection and pathogenicity in saudi children hospitalized with acute respiratory illness.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and the netherlands human coronavirus (hcov-nl63) have been isolated from children with respiratory tract infection. the prevalence of these viruses has not been reported from saudi arabia. we sought to determine whether hmpv and hcov-nl63 are responsible for acute respiratory illness and also to determine clinical features and severity of illness in the hospitalized pediatric patient population.201121911992
viral etiology in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.this study was performed to investigate the viral etiological agents, age distribution and clinical manifestations of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in hospitalized children. the viral etiology and clinical findings in 147 children (1 month to 5 years of age) hospitalized with acute lrti were evaluated. cell culture was used for isolation of influenza viruses and direct fluorescent antibody assay for parainfluenza viruses (pivs), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and adenoviruses (advs ...201122272450
[acute bronchiolitis: a prospective study].bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory infection in children under 2 years old. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequently involved etiologic agent.201122849929
[three years surveillance of viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children from 2007 to 2010].viruses are common pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti) in children. there are few studies on consecutive monitoring of viral pathogens of alrti in a larger cohort during the past several years. the aim of this study was to investigate the viral pathogens of alrti in children of different age groups and to outline the epidemic feature of different viruses.201122321179
is chronic rhinosinusitis caused by persistent respiratory virus infection?many chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) patients recall an upper respiratory tract infection as the inciting event of their chronic illness. viral infections have been shown to cause obstruction of the osteomeatal complex, which is likely to be a critical step in the development of crs. there is clear overlap between the pathogenesis of crs and asthma. infections with respiratory viruses in childhood increase the risk of subsequently developing asthma. viral infections in established asthmatics are as ...201122287325
[genetic variability of matrix (m), small hydrophobic (sh) and attachment (g) proteins of human metapneumovirus circulating in children in beijing from 2006 to 2010].human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in all age groups. however, there is limited information of genetic analysis of hmpv circulating in beijing. to learn the characteristics of structural protein genes of human metapneumovirus circulating in children in beijing, sequence analysis of matrix (m), small hydrophobic (sh) and attachment (g) proteins of hmpv from 2006 to 2010 was performed. phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of 42 full l ...201122263268
[a gexp based multiplex rt-pcr assay for simultaneous detection of twelve human respiratory viruses].a gexp based multiplex rt-pcr assay was developed to simultaneously detect twelve different respiratory viruses types/subtypes including influenza a virus, influenza b virus, influenza a virus sh1n1, parainfluenza virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 2, parainfluenza virus type 3, human rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus a, respiratory syncytial virus b and human bocavirus. twelve sets of specific primers were designed based on the conserved sequences of ...201122263264
co-circulation of genetically distinct human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus strains in young children with respiratory tract infections in italy.the discovery of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov) identified the etiological causes of several cases of acute respiratory tract infections in children. this report describes the molecular epidemiology of hmpv and hbov infections observed following viral surveillance of children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in milan, italy. pharyngeal swabs were collected from 240 children ≤3 years of age (130 males, 110 females; median age, 5.0 months; iqr, 2.0-12.5 ...201121108354
large-scale seroprevalence analysis of human metapneumovirus and human respiratory syncytial virus infections in beijing, china.human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently identified virus, causes acute respiratory tract infections (artis) in infants and children. however, studies on the seroepidemeology of hmpv are very limited in china. to assess the seroprevalence of hmpv infection in china, we tested a total of 1,156 serum specimens for the presence of anti-hmpv igg antibody in children and adults free of acute respiratory illness in beijing, china by using hmpv nucleocapsid (n) protein as an antigen. as a control, we u ...201121310026
genetic variability of attachment (g) and fusion (f) protein genes of human metapneumovirus strains circulating during 2006-2009 in kolkata, eastern india.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with the acute respiratory tract infection (arti) in all the age groups. however, there is limited information on prevalence and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) strains circulating in india.201121314961
evidence that tmprss2 activates the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein for membrane fusion and reduces viral control by the humoral immune response.the spike (s) protein of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) can be proteolytically activated by cathepsins b and l upon viral uptake into target cell endosomes. in contrast, it is largely unknown whether host cell proteases located in the secretory pathway of infected cells and/or on the surface of target cells can cleave sars s. we along with others could previously show that the type ii transmembrane protease tmprss2 activates the influenza virus hemagglutinin and the ...201121325420
detection of human bocavirus and human metapneumovirus by real-time pcr from patients with respiratory symptoms in southern brazil.the introduction of newer molecular methods has led to the discovery of new respiratory viruses, such as human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human bocavirus (hbov), in respiratory tract specimens. we have studied the occurrence of hmpv and hbov in the porto alegre (pa) metropolitan area, one of the southernmost cities of brazil, evaluating children with suspected lower respiratory tract infection from may 2007-june 2008. a real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used for amplification and de ...201121340356
viral etiology among the elderly presenting acute respiratory infection during the influenza season.acute respiratory tract infections are the most common illness in all individuals. rhinoviruses have been reported as the etiology of more than 50% of respiratory tract infections worldwide. the study prospectively evaluated 47 elderly individuals from a group of 384 randomly assigned for acute respiratory viral infections (cold or flu) and assessed the occurrence of human rhinovirus (hrv), influenza a and b, respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus (hmpv) in botucatu, state of são paulo, ...201121340401
emerging paramyxoviruses: molecular mechanisms and antiviral strategies.in recent years, several paramyxoviruses have emerged to infect humans, including previously unidentified zoonoses. hendra and nipah viruses (henipaviruses within this family) were first identified in the 1990s in australia, malaysia and singapore, causing epidemics with high mortality and morbidity rates in affected animals and humans. other paramyxoviruses, such as menangle virus, tioman virus, human metapneumovirus and avian paramyxovirus 1, which cause less morbidity in humans, have also bee ...201121345285
[a single-center prospective study of viral infection in community-acquired pneumonia in adults].from july, 2008 to march, 2009, 125 adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) who were admitted to our hospital were retrospectively investigated to elucidate the characteristics of viral infection in adult cap in japan. nasopharyngeal swabs for real-time polymerase chain reaction for 7 types of influenza virus, rhinovirus, respiratory synctial virus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus, coronavirus, and enterovirus were obtained. diagnoses of viral infections were established accord ...201121384676
molecular epidemiology and evolution of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are ubiquitous respiratory pathogens of the pneumovirinae subfamily of the paramyxoviridae. two major surface antigens are expressed by both viruses; the highly conserved fusion (f) protein, and the extremely diverse attachment (g) glycoprotein. both viruses comprise two genetic groups, a and b. circulation frequencies of the two genetic groups fluctuate for both viruses, giving rise to frequently observed switching of the ...201121390255
human rhinovirus infection in young african children with acute wheezing.infections caused by human rhinoviruses (hrvs) are important triggers of wheezing in young children. wheezy illness has increasingly been recognised as an important cause of morbidity in african children, but there is little information on the contribution of hrv to this. the aim of this study was to determine the role of hrv as a cause of acute wheezing in south african children.201121401965
bordetella pertussis and concomitant viral respiratory tract infections are rare in children with cough illness.case reports, case series, and retrospective and prospective studies have reported concomitant bordetella pertussis and viral respiratory tract pathogen infections in children with cough illness with conflicting results regarding their frequency.201121407144
comparison of the luminex xtag respiratory viral panel with xtag respiratory viral panel fast for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections.nucleic acid tests are sensitive and specific and provide a rapid diagnosis, making them invaluable for patient and outbreak management. multiplex pcr assays have additional advantages in providing an economical and comprehensive panel for many common respiratory viruses. previous reports have shown the utility of the xtag respiratory viral panel (rvp) assay manufactured by luminex molecular diagnostics for this purpose. a newer generation of this kit, released in canada in early 2010, is design ...201121411570
long-term impairment of streptococcus pneumoniae lung clearance is observed after initial infection with influenza a virus but not human metapneumovirus in mice.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus responsible for respiratory tract infections in humans. our objective was to investigate whether hmpv could predispose to long-term bacterial susceptibility, such as previously observed with influenza viruses. balb/c mice were infected with hmpv or influenza a and, 14 days following viral infection, challenged with streptococcus pneumoniae. only mice previously infected with influenza a demonstrated an 8% weight loss of their body weight 72 h follo ...201121411678
the human metapneumovirus matrix protein stimulates the inflammatory immune response in vitro.each year, during winter months, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with epidemics of bronchiolitis resulting in the hospitalization of many infants. bronchiolitis is an acute illness of the lower respiratory tract with a consequent inflammation of the bronchioles. the rapid onset of inflammation suggests the innate immune response may have a role to play in the pathogenesis of this hmpv infection. since, the matrix protein is one of the most abundant proteins in the paramyxoviridae fami ...201121412439
adult outpatient experience of the 2009 h1n1 pandemic: clinical course, pathogens, and evaluation of case definitions.the aim was to describe causative agents and clinical characteristics in adult outpatients with upper airway symptoms during the 2009 h1n1 pandemic and to evaluate case definitions that are used in clinical practice.201121420427
viral pneumonia.about 200 million cases of viral community-acquired pneumonia occur every year-100 million in children and 100 million in adults. molecular diagnostic tests have greatly increased our understanding of the role of viruses in pneumonia, and findings indicate that the incidence of viral pneumonia has been underestimated. in children, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, human bocavirus, and parainfluenza viruses are the agents identified most frequently in both developed ...201121435708
atypical bacterial pathogen infection in children with acute bronchiolitis in northeast thailand.atypical bacterial pathogens--including mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and chlamydia trachomatis--are important infectious agents of the respiratory system. most current information pertains to adults and little is known about the role of these organisms in lower respiratory tract infections among young children with acute bronchiolitis.201121439510
lung function prior to viral lower respiratory tract infections in prematurely born infants.prematurely born infants who develop respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) have lung function abnormalities at follow-up. the aim of this study was to determine whether prematurely born infants who developed symptomatic rsv, or other viral lrti(s), had poorer premorbid lung function than infants who did not develop lrtis during the rsv season.201121447496
in vitro sensitivity of human metapneumovirus to type i interferons.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been recognized as an important respiratory pathogen. due to its relatively recent discovery, only limited information is available on the relationship between hmpv and type i interferons (ifn). this study was designed to determine whether in vitro hmpv is sensitive to the antiviral activity of ifn-ß, leukocyte ifn-a, and several ifn-a subtypes in a human hep-2 cell line. the results showed that 50% inhibitory concentration values against hmpv for the various typ ...201121449726
comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in children admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit.aim: to describe the clinical presentation and course of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (picu) with human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection, and compare them with children admitted to the picu with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. methods: hmpv was identified by immunofluorescence in 22 children admitted to the picu over a 16-month period. the medical records of these children were reviewed retrospectively, and their clinical and laboratory data were compare ...201121449904
effects of n-linked glycosylation of the fusion protein on replication of human metapneumovirus in vitro and in mouse lungs.the fusion (f) protein is an important membrane glycoprotein necessary for cellular entry and replication of human metapneumovirus (hmpv). selective prevention of n-linked glycosylation may compromise the catalytic and fusion functions of the f protein. by using site-directed mutagenesis and reverse genetics, recombinant mutant viruses lacking one or two n-linked glycosylation sites in the f protein were constructed. m1, which lacked glycosylation at position 57 of the f protein, had slightly co ...201121450943
viral etiologies of acute respiratory infections among hospitalized vietnamese children in ho chi minh city, 2004-2008.the dominant viral etiologies responsible for acute respiratory infections (aris) are poorly understood, particularly among hospitalized children in resource-limited tropical countries where morbidity and mortality caused by aris are highest. improved etiological insight is needed to improve clinical management and prevention.201121455313
viral infections of the lower respiratory tract: old viruses, new viruses, and the role of diagnosis.viral infections of the lower respiratory tract cause an enormous disease burden in children, and the role of respiratory viruses in serious lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) in older adults is increasingly appreciated. although viruses are responsible for a large proportion lrtis, antibiotics are often prescribed. new diagnostic platforms have the potential to detect a wider range of established and newly discovered viruses with greater sensitivity. this will create additional challeng ...201121460286
detection of human metapneumovirus in infants with acute respiratory tract infection.both respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv), a recently discovered respiratory pathogen classified in the paramyxoviridae family, have been associated with acute respiratory tract infections (arti) in infants. the aim of our study was to determine the incidence and clinical features of hmpv infection in infants presenting with arti at a tertiary children's hospital in greece during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 winter seasons. routine nasal swabs were obtained from 127 ...201121468562
human metapneumovirus infection in wild mountain gorillas, rwanda.the genetic relatedness of mountain gorillas and humans has led to concerns about interspecies transmission of infectious agents. human-to-gorilla transmission may explain human metapneumovirus in 2 wild mountain gorillas that died during a respiratory disease outbreak in rwanda in 2009. surveillance is needed to ensure survival of these critically endangered animals.201121470468
[clinical characteristics of human bocavirus infection in 90 children].to study the clinical characteristics of human bocavirus (hbov) infection in children.201121507299
a comparison of two multiplex methods for the detection of respiratory viruses: filmarray rp and xtag rvp.we compared the filmarray rp (idaho technology, inc. salt lake city, utah) with the xtag rvp (luminex corporation, toronto, canada)multiplex respiratory virus pcr methods for the detection of respiratory viruses in a set of 200 patient specimens frozen at - 70° c after standard viral culture and antigen detection methods were done. both systems detected between 40 - 50% more viruses than traditional methods, primarily rhinoviruses and human metapneumovirus. the filmarray rp detected significantl ...201121508156
respiratory viruses in lung transplant recipients: a critical review and pooled analysis of clinical studies.lung transplant recipients present an increased risk for severe complications associated with respiratory infections. we conducted a review of the literature examining the clinical relationship between viral respiratory infection and graft complications. thirty-four studies describing the clinical impact of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, enterovirus, coronavirus, bocavirus or adenovirus were identified. the detection rate of respiratory ...201121521473
viral etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized young children in northern taiwan.lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) comprise a great proportion of diagnoses among hospitalized children. this study identifies the viral pathogens causing lrtis in young children and compares their clinical features and disease severity.201121524612
the conserved yagl motif in the human metapneumovirus is required for higher ordered cellular assemblies of the matrix protein and for virion production.yxxl motifs in cellular and viral proteins have variety of functions. the matrix (m) protein of the respiratory pathogen - the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) contains two such conserved motifs - yskl and yagl. we mutated these sequences to analyze their contribution to hmpv infectivity. the mutant clones were capable of intracellular replication; however, the yagl, but not the yskl, mutants were spread-defective in infected cultures. we improved the reverse genetics system for hmpv and generated c ...201121525358
[prokaryotic expression for fusion protein of human metapneumovirus and its preliminary application as an antigen for antibody detection].to understand the effectiveness of prokaryotic expression of fusion protein (f) of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and its application as antigen, f proteins from different genotypes of hmpv were expressed in prokaryotic expression system and purified by ni-nta affinity chromatography column. according to the hydrophobicity, antigen index and surface probability of f protein, the subunit 1 (f1) region of f protein was generated and expressed in e. coil. bl21(de3). the 6-his-f1 proteins with molecul ...201121528539
viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years.acute respiratory infection (ari) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. this study aimed to determine the viral and atypical bacterial causes of different severities and clinical manifestations of ari in preschool children from low-income families in north-east brazil.201121533115
detection of ki polyomavirus and wu polyomavirus dna by real-time pcr in nasopharyngeal swabs and in normal lung and lung adenocarcinoma tissues.polyomaviruses ki (kipyv) and wu (wupyv) were detected from 7 (3.0%) and 38 (16.4%) of 232 children with respiratory tract infections by real-time pcr. the rates of single infection of kipyv and wupyv were 3 (42.9%) of 7 and 20 (52.6%) of 38, respectively. in other samples, various viruses (human respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus (hmpv), human rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus 1 and human bocavirus) were detected simultaneously. one case was positive for kipyv and wupyv and also f ...201121545509
[characteristics of human metapneumovirus respiratory tract infection in children and the relationship between the infection and meteorological conditions].to study the epidemiology of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection in children and its relations with meteorological conditions in suzhou.201121575373
the cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport pathway is not involved in avian metapneumovirus budding in a virus-like-particle expression system.avian metapneumovirus (ampv) is a paramyxovirus that principally causes respiratory disease and egg production drops in turkeys and chickens. together with its closely related human metapneumovirus (hmpv), they comprise the genus metapneumovirus in the family paramyxoviridae. little is currently known about the mechanisms involved in the budding of metapneumovirus. by using ampv as a model system, we showed that the matrix (m) protein by itself was insufficient to form virus-like-particles (vlps ...201121248175
association between human metapneumovirus seroprevalence and hypertension in elderly subjects in a long-term care facility.recently, relations between hypertension and infections caused by several pathogens have been reported. however, few studies have examined the relationship between human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and hypertension in elderly inpatients. to assess the association between anti-hmpv-immunoglobulin g (igg) titer and the prevalence of hypertension, we conducted a case-control study in a japanese long-term care facility (ltcf). the participants included 84 hypertensive patients aged 65 years, and 84 age- ...201121248755
reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for identifying acute viral upper respiratory tract infections.diagnosis of respiratory viruses traditionally relies on culture or antigen detection. we aimed to demonstrate capacity of the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rt-pcr/esi-ms) platform to identify clinical relevant respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa) samples and compare the diagnostic performance characteristics relative to conventional culture- and antigen-based methods. an rt-pcr/esi-ms respiratory virus surveillance kit ...201121251562
rapid identification viruses from nasal pharyngeal aspirates in acute viral respiratory infections by rt-pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.diagnosis of the etiologic agent of respiratory viral infection relies traditionally on culture or antigen detection. this pilot evaluation compared performance characteristics of the rt-pcr and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rt-pcr/esi-ms) platform to conventional virologic methods for identifying multiple clinically relevant respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal aspirates. the rt-pcr/esi-ms respiratory virus surveillance kit was designed to detect respiratory syncytial virus, influ ...201121256867
epidemiological and phylogenic study of human metapneumovirus infections during three consecutive outbreaks in normandy, france.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is responsible for respiratory tract disease, particularly in the young and elderly population. an epidemiological and phylogenic study was performed on children admitted to hospital with an acute lower respiratory tract infection (lri). data were obtained and analyzed over three consecutive winters, from 2002-2003 to 2004-2005. each year during the winter period, from november to march, 2,415 nasal swabs were tested by a direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) for inf ...201121264874
detection of human metapneumovirus genomes during an outbreak of bronchitis and pneumonia in a geriatric care home in shimane, japan, in autumn 2009. 201121266764
virus-related lower respiratory inflammation: detection of human metapneumovirus from severe pneumonia cases with a/h1n1pdm virus. 201121266766
human metapneumovirus infection as an emerging pathogen causing acute respiratory distress syndrome. 201121288832
genetic variability of human metapneumovirus amongst an all ages population in cambodia between 2007 and 2009.first identified in 2001, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a novel pathogen and causative agent of acute respiratory tract infection. re-infection with hmpv is common, and currently there is no available vaccine against hmpv infection. two genotypes of hmpv have been identified, a and b, both of which can be divided further into at least two distinct sub-genotypes. here we report the results of the first study to investigate the genetic variability of hmpv strains circulating within cambodia. the ...201121292032
respiratory infections by hmpv and rsv are clinically indistinguishable but induce different host response in aged individuals.human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus can cause severe respiratory diseases, especially in infants, young children, and the elderly. so far it remains unclear why infections in the elderly become life threatening despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the serum, and to which extent double infections worsen the clinical course.201121298115
twelve years' detection of respiratory viruses by immunofluorescence in hospitalised children: impact of the introduction of a new respiratory picornavirus assay.direct immunofluorescence assays (dfa) are a rapid and inexpensive method for the detection of respiratory viruses and may therefore be used for surveillance. few epidemiological studies have been published based solely on dfa and none included respiratory picornaviruses and human metapneumovirus (hmpv). we wished to evaluate the use of dfa for epidemiological studies with a long-term observation of respiratory viruses that includes both respiratory picornaviruses and hmpv.201121299840
respiratory virus laboratory pandemic planning and surveillance in central viet nam, 2008-2010.laboratory capacity is needed in central viet nam to provide early warning to public health authorities of respiratory outbreaks of importance to human health, for example the outbreak of influenza a(h1n1) pandemic in 2009. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedures established as part of a capacity-building process were used to conduct prospective respiratory surveillance in a region where few previous studies have been undertaken.201223908924
[epidemiological analysis and clinical study of pediatric human metapneumovirus detected in patients with acute respiratory infection].we detected and isolated human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and isolated another respiratory virus in pharyngeal swab specimens from 502 pediatric patients with acute respiratory infection, seen at 3 kyoto city sentinel hospitals from january to december 2011. our prospective study detected 43 positive hmpv cases (8.6%). phylogenetic analysis showed that subgroup a2 was most common, followed by b1 and b2, and that a1 was not detected. hmpv was detected mostly in specimens from patients less than 3 yea ...201223367851
[viruses and clinical features associated with hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in lhasa, tibet].to investigate the viral etiology and clinical features of hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in tibet.201223302560
respiratory viruses from hospitalized children with severe pneumonia in the philippines.pneumonia remains a leading cause of child death in developing countries. the viruses in severe pneumonia remain poorly defined.201223092190
epidemiology of respiratory viral infections in two long-term refugee camps in kenya, 2007-2010.abstract: background: refugees are at risk for poor outcomes from acute respiratory infections (ari) because of overcrowding, suboptimal living conditions, and malnutrition. we implemented surveillance for respiratory viruses in dadaab and kakuma refugee camps in kenya to characterize their role in the epidemiology of ari among refugees. methods: from 1 september 2007 through 31 august 2010, we obtained nasopharyngeal (np) and oropharyngeal (op) specimens from patients with influenza-like illne ...201222251705
human metapneumovirus infections on the icu: a report of three cases.although human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is primarily known as a causative agent of respiratory tract infections in children, the virus also can cause respiratory infections in adults. hmpv infections tend to be mild and are self-limiting, but the infections can be severe in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. because hmpv infection is quite common, it should be considered in every patient with respiratory failure in the intensive care unit (icu). we describe three adult patients, including ...201222812412
etiology and incidence of viral and bacterial acute respiratory illness among older children and adults in rural western kenya, 2007-2010.few comprehensive data exist on disease incidence for specific etiologies of acute respiratory illness (ari) in older children and adults in africa.201222937071
respiratory virus detection in immunocompromised patients with filmarray respiratory panel compared to conventional methods.respiratory virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. timely diagnosis is needed to provide optimal clinical care. diagnostic tests routinely available at most institutions are limited by poor sensitivity and a slow turnaround time. we collected 90 respiratory samples from 87 immunocompromised patients (56 bronchoalveolar lavage and 34 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples) in order to compare the performance of routine respiratory virus testing availabl ...201222814461
comparison of the luminex xtag rvp fast assay and the idaho technology filmarray rp assay for detection of respiratory viruses in pediatric patients at a cancer hospital.respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as serious causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. the rapid and sensitive detection of respiratory viruses is essential for the early diagnosis and administration of appropriate antiviral therapy, as well as for the effective implementation of infection control measures. we compared the performance of two commercial assays, xtag rvp fast (luminex diagnostics, toronto, canada) and filmarray rvp (fa rvp; idaho technology, sa ...201222518855
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