Publications

occurrence of haemolytic mannheimia spp. in apparently healthy sheep in norway.	the occurrence of mannheimia species in healthy sheep has only been investigated to a very limited extend since the genus and its five named species were established. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of haemolytic mannheimia species in apparently healthy sheep originating from four sheep flocks in south-western norway.	2006	17076903
perinatal exposure to low doses of pcb 153 and pcb 126 affects maternal and neonatal immunity in goat kids.	pregnant does (10 goats/group) were dosed orally either with polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) 153 (98 microg/kg body weight/d) or pcb 126 (ng/kg body weight/d) dissolved in corn oil or with corn oil only (control group) from gestation day (gd) 60 until delivery. an additional group (n = 5) of pregnant does received the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (des; 0.4 microg/kg body weight/d) by intramuscular injection using the same treatment schedule as for the pcb groups. blood samples for immune ...	2006	16291567
cloning and comparison of bighorn sheep cd18 with that of domestic sheep, goats, cattle, humans and mice.	previously, we have shown that cd18, the beta-subunit of beta(2)-integrins, serves as a receptor for leukotoxin (lkt) secreted by mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica on bovine leukocytes. anti-cd18 monoclonal antibodies (mabs) inhibit lkt-induced cytolysis of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) leukocytes suggesting that cd18 may serve as a receptor for lkt on the leukocytes of this species as well. confirmation of bighorn sheep cd18 as a receptor for lkt, and elucidation of the enhanced lkt-suscep ...	2006	16213032
etiology of respiratory disease in non-vaccinated, non-medicated calves in rearing herds.	the aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of bacterial, mycoplasmal and viral pathogens in the lower respiratory tract of calves in all-in all-out calf-rearing units. according to clinical status, non-medicated calves with and without respiratory disease signs were selected of the 40 herds investigated to analyse the micro-organisms present in healthy and diseased calves. tracheobronchial lavage (tbl) and paired serum samples were analysed for bacteria, mycoplasmas, respiratory syncyti ...	2007	17084565
board-invited review: recent advances in management of highly stressed, newly received feedlot cattle.	morbidity and mortality from bovine respiratory disease (brd) and associated losses in performance and carcass merit continue to plague the beef cattle industry. several viral/bacterial agents are responsible for brd, and interactions occur among the agents. viral agents often predispose animals to bacterial infections, and mannheimia haemolytica is the most frequently isolated organism in cattle with brd. laboratory tests are available to characterize organisms causing brd using easily obtained ...	2007	17085724
comparative pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in healthy and mannheimia haemolytica infected calves.	the pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin were investigated in healthy (n=8) and mannheimia haemolytica naturally infected (n=8) simmental ruminant calves following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 2 mg kg(-1) body weight. the concentration of marbofloxacin in plasma was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. following i.v. administration of the drug, the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) and mean residence time (mrt) were sig ...	2007	17118414
an aetiopathological study of chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs in ireland.	chronic bronchopneumonia in lambs, also known as 'atypical' or 'chronic, non-progressive' pneumonia is a common, frequently sub-clinical disease affecting animals under 12-months-old in intensive production systems. infection with both mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and mannheimia haemolytica have been implicated in the aetiology of this condition and a variety of pulmonary lesions can result. in this study, detailed laboratory examination of 30 abattoir-derived lungs with the characteristic gross fea ...	2007	16632391
phylogenetic diversity of pasteurellaceae and horizontal gene transfer of leukotoxin in wild and domestic sheep.	wild and domestic animal populations are known to be sources and reservoirs of emerging diseases. there is also a growing recognition that horizontal genetic transfer (hgt) plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. we used molecular phylogenetic methods to assess diversity and cross-transmission rates of pasteurellaceae bacteria in populations of bighorn sheep, dall's sheep, domestic sheep and domestic goats. members of the pasteurellaceae cause an array of deadly illnesses including ba ...	2007	16635591
mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin-induced cytolysis of ovine (ovis aries) leukocytes is mediated by cd18, the beta subunit of beta2-integrins.	mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica causes severe pneumonia in cattle, sheep and goats. leukotoxin (lkt) is the most important virulence determinant produced by this organism. previously, we identified cd18, the beta subunit of beta(2)-integrins, as the receptor for lkt on bovine leukocytes. since lkt is specific for leukocytes of cattle, sheep and goats, we hypothesized that lkt utilizes cd18 as its receptor on ovine leukocytes as well. therefore, the objective of this study was to transfect a ...	2007	17368825
effects of melengestrol acetate on the inflammatory response in heifers challenged with mannheimia haemolytica.	previous research from our laboratory has indicated that melengestrol acetate (mga) added to the diet during the first 35 d after arrival in the feedlot improves growth rates and tends to reduce chronic respiratory disease in heifers naturally challenged with bovine respiratory disease. the current study was conducted to provide further insight into the possible immunomodulatory effects of mga. crossbred heifers (n = 48; 232 +/- 5.5 kg of bw) were used in a randomized complete block design to de ...	2007	17371793
genome-scale analysis of mannheimia succiniciproducens metabolism.	mannheimia succiniciproducens mbel55e isolated from bovine rumen is a capnophilic gram-negative bacterium that efficiently produces succinic acid, an industrially important four carbon dicarboxylic acid. in order to design a metabolically engineered strain which is capable of producing succinic acid with high yield and productivity, it is essential to optimize the whole metabolism at the systems level. consequently, in silico modeling and simulation of the genome-scale metabolic network was empl ...	2007	17405177
evidence for vertical inheritance and loss of the leukotoxin operon in genus mannheimia.	the mannheimia subclades belong to the same bacterial genus but have taken divergent paths toward their distinct lifestyles. m. haemolytica + m. glucosida are potential pathogens of the respiratory tract in the mammalian suborder ruminantia, whereas m. ruminalis, the supposed sister group, lives as a commensal in the ovine rumen. we have tested the hypothesis that horizontal gene transfer of the leukotoxin operon has catalyzed pathogenic adaptation and speciation of m. haemolytica + m. glucosida ...	2007	17437147
effect of ph, temperature and nutrient limitations on growth and leukotoxin production by mannheimia haemolytica in batch and continuous culture.	quantification of the effects of ph, temperature and nutrient limitations on the growth and leukotoxin (lkt) production parameters of mannheimia haemolytica in batch and chemostat culture.	2007	17448162
differences in susceptibility to mannheimia haemolytica-associated mastitis between two breeds of dairy sheep.	we used a mannheimia haemolytica isolate to study differences in susceptibility to experimental mastitis between two breeds of dairy sheep. the isolate was deposited into the teat duct of karagouniko (k, n=8) or frisarta (f, n=8) ewes. the animals were monitored by means of clinical, bacteriological, cytological and pathological methods. k ewes did not develop any systemic or mammary clinical signs, whilst f ewes became ill and developed acute clinical mastitis 12 h later (p<0.001). bacteria wer ...	2007	17451623
mycoplasma alkalescens demonstrated in bronchoalveolar lavage of cattle in denmark.	mycoplasma alkalescens is an arginine-metabolizing mycoplasma, which has been found in association with mastitis and arthritis in cattle. routine bacteriological examination of 17 bronchoalveolar lavage samples from calves with pneumonia in a single herd in denmark, identified m. alkalescens in eight samples. the organism was found as a sole bacterilogical findings in five of the samples as well as in combination with mannheimia haemolytica, haemophilus somni and salmonella dublin. this is the f ...	2007	17204146
bacterial flora and risk of infection of the ovine teat duct and mammary gland throughout lactation.	we collected samples of teat duct material and mammary secretion from ewes in three farms (flock a, polyparous n=7; flock b, polyparous n=6, primiparous n=4; flock c, polyparous n=4): 14 samples immediately after lambing (before sucking of lambs), 244 samples during the suckling period and 156 samples during the milking period. conventional bacteriological techniques were used. the results were modeled using survival analysis, initially by the kaplan-meier method and then by the cox proportional ...	2007	17208321
use of deep nasopharyngeal swabs as a predictive diagnostic method for natural respiratory infections in calves.		2007	17209092
disposition kinetics of difloxacin after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous administration in calves.	the pharmacokinetics of difloxacin (dicural) was studied in a crossover study using three groups (n = 4) of male and female friesian calves after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administrations of 5 mg/kg body weight. drug concentration in plasma was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using fluorescence detection. the plasma concentration-time data following i.v. administration were best fitted to a two-compartment open model and those following ...	2007	17216308
the response of mannheimia haemolytica to iron limitation: implications for the acquisition of iron in the bovine lung.	mannheimia haemolytica is the major causative agent of shipping fever, a severe pneumonia in cattle causing high morbidity and mortality. a prerequisite of successful lung colonization by m. haemolytica is the necessity to adapt to the paucity of iron. the lack of genome information has precluded an assessment of the genetic repertoire available to m. haemolytica to adapt to low iron environments. to close this knowledge-gap, we have determined 90% of a virulent m. haemolytica serotype a1 genome ...	2007	17240088
the bacterial flora in the teat duct of ewes can protect against and can cause mastitis.	we studied the possible effects of bacterial populations within the teat duct, in the pathogenesis of ovine mastitis. in experiment i, 32 ewes were allocated into group a (ewes from which we isolated (+++ growth) coagulase-negative staphylococci), b (ewes from whose duct we isolated (+ growth) coagulase-negative staphylococci) or c (ewes from which we isolated bacillus spp.) and subdivided into a1, b1, c1 (n=4; challenged by deposition of 1.250 cfu of mannheimia haemolytica into the teat duct) o ...	2007	17540156
identification and characterization of transcriptional regulation of the mannheimia haemolytica ferric uptake regulator.	the ferric uptake regulator (fur) is an iron-dependent transcriptional regulator that regulates genes related to iron acquisition, oxidative stress response, and various other functions. transcription of fur is typically self-regulating and sensitive to iron and oxidative stress. following the identification of a fur gene in the genome of the bovine pathogen mannheimia haemolytica, an attempt was made to characterize the transcriptional control of m. haemolytica fur. northern blotting, rt-pcr, a ...	2007	17544233
effects of dissolved co2 levels on the growth of mannheimia succiniciproducens and succinic acid production.	a capnophilic rumen bacterium mannheimia succiniciproducens produces succinic acid as a major fermentation end product under co(2)-rich anaerobic condition. since succinic acid is produced by carboxylation of c3 compounds during the fermentation, intracellular co(2) availability is important for efficient succinic acid formation. here, we investigated the metabolic responses of m. succiniciproducens to the different dissolved co(2) concentrations (0-260 mm). cell growth was severely suppressed w ...	2007	17570706
characterization of carbohydrate structures of bovine muc15 and distribution of the mucin in bovine milk.	the present work reports the characterization of carbohydrate structures and the distribution of the newly identified mucin muc15, a highly glycosylated protein associated with the bovine milk fat globule membrane (mfgm). distribution of muc15 was investigated in various fractions of bovine milk by densitometric scanning of western blots. in raw milk, muc15 was shown to constitute 0.08% (wt) of the protein and approximately 1.5% (wt) of the mfgm-associated proteins. surprisingly, this study show ...	2007	17582096
integrin-egf-3 domain of bovine cd18 is critical for mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin species-specific susceptibility.	mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (lkta) is the primary virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. results from the authors' previous studies demonstrated that the site required for lkta binding leading to susceptibility to its biological effects resides within amino acid residues 500-600 of the extracellular region of bovine cd18. experiments were designed to identify a much smaller functional domain within this 100 amino acid region of ...	2007	17590223
transfection of non-susceptible cells with ovis aries recombinant lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 renders susceptibility to mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin.	mannheimia haemolytica is an important etiological agent of pneumonia in domestic sheep (ds, ovis aries). leukotoxin (lkt) produced by this organism is the principal virulence factor responsible for the acute inflammation and lung injury characteristic of m. haemolytica caused disease. previously, we have shown that the leukocyte-specific integrins, beta(2) integrins, serve as the receptor for lkt. although it is certain that cd18, the beta subunit of beta(2) integrins, mediates lkt-induced cyto ...	2007	17590539
the outer membrane protein ompa of mannheimia haemolytica a1 is involved in the binding of fibronectin.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using bovine fibronectin as the substrate was used to demonstrate that mannheimia haemolytica a1 binds to fibronectin. this binding to fibronectin was specific as no binding was observed with bovine fibrinogen. the binding to fibronectin was not observed if the m. haemolytica a1 cells were pretreated with trypsin or proteinase k, suggesting that it involved a protein molecule on the cell surface. interestingly, the fibronectin-binding activity was found to be ...	2007	17608694
an evaluation of the relative efficacy of tulathromycin for the treatment of undifferentiated fever in feedlot calves in nebraska.	a field trial was performed under commercial feedlot conditions in central nebraska to assess the relative efficacy of tulathromycin (tula) to florfenicol (flor) for the treatment of undifferentiated fever (uf) in feedlot calves that did not receive a metaphylactic antimicrobial or vaccines/bacterins containing mannheimia haemolytica or histophilus somni at feedlot arrival by comparing animal health, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristic variables. two hundred recently weaned, auction ...	2007	17616056
construction and characterization of shuttle vectors for succinic acid-producing rumen bacteria.	shuttle vectors carrying the origins of replication that function in escherichia coli and two capnophilic rumen bacteria, mannheimia succiniciproducens and actinobacillus succinogenes, were constructed. these vectors were found to be present at ca. 10 copies per cell. they were found to be stably maintained in rumen bacteria during the serial subcultures in the absence of antibiotic pressure for 216 generations. by optimizing the electroporation condition, the transformation efficiencies of 3.0 ...	2007	17616626
cd11b of ovis canadensis and ovis aries: molecular cloning and characterization.	leukotoxin (lkt) is the primary virulence factor secreted by mannheimia haemolytica which causes pneumonia in ruminants. previously, we have shown that cd18, the beta subunit of beta(2) integrins, mediates lkt-induced cytolysis of ruminant leukocytes. cd18 associates with four distinct alpha subunits giving rise to four beta(2) integrins, cd11a/cd18 (lfa-1), cd11b/cd18 (mac-1), cd11c/cd18 (cr4), and cd11d/cd18. it is not known whether all the beta(2) integrins serve as a receptor for lkt. since ...	2007	17628696
mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin binds to lipid rafts in bovine lymphoblastoid cells and is internalized in a dynamin-2- and clathrin-dependent manner.	mannheimia haemolytica is the principal bacterial pathogen of the bovine respiratory disease complex. its most important virulence factor is a leukotoxin (lkt), which is a member of the rtx family of exotoxins produced by many gram-negative bacteria. previous studies demonstrated that lkt binds to the beta(2)-integrin lfa-1 (cd11a/cd18) on bovine leukocytes, resulting in cell death. in this study, we demonstrated that depletion of lipid rafts significantly decreases lkt-induced bovine lymphoblas ...	2007	17682044
monomeric expression of bovine beta2-integrin subunits reveals their role in mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin-induced biological effects.	the ruminant-specific leukotoxin (lkt) of mannheimia haemolytica is the key virulence factor contributing to the pathogenesis of lung injury in bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. previous studies by us and others indicate that m. haemolytica lkt binds to cd18, the beta subunit of bovine beta(2)-integrins on leukocytes, and that the species specificity of lkt-induced effects is resident in the beta subunit cd18 and not in the alpha subunit cd11. however, lkt also binds to the cd11a subunit of lfa-1 ...	2007	17698568
identification of a novel mannheimia granulomatis lineage from lesions in roe deer (capreolus capreolus).	eight atypical mannheimia isolates were isolated from lesions in roe deer (capreolus capreolus). traditional classification based on morphologic and physiologic traits showed that they belong to a distinct biogroup (taxon) within genus mannheimia. extensive phenotypic characterization suggested that the isolates should be classified as m. granulomatis, although the presence of distinct traits justified their classification into a separate biogroup within this species. phylogenetic analyses based ...	2007	17699073
nucleotide sequence and transfer properties of two novel types of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae plasmids carrying the tetracycline resistance gene tet(h).	to analyse the sequence and transfer properties of two tetracycline resistance plasmids found in clinical isolates of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in order to assess their role in the spread of tetracycline resistance.	2007	17704116
purification of the receptor for the n-acetyl-d-glucosamine specific adhesin of mannheimia haemolytica from bovine neutrophils.	the glcnac-specific adhesin from mannheimia haemolytica (mha) has been shown to participate in pathogenicity of mannheimiosis due to its capacity to adhere to tracheal epithelial cells and activate the oxidative burst of bovine neutrophils. in this work, we purified the mha receptor from bovine neutrophils (mhar) by affinity chromatography on mha-sepharose. the mhar, which corresponded to approximately 2% of the protein from cell lysate, is a glycoprotein mainly composed of glu, ala, ser, gly, a ...	2007	17707591
recovery of succinic acid produced by fermentation of a metabolically engineered mannheimia succiniciproducens strain.	there have recently been much advances in the production of succinic acid, an important four-carbon dicarboxylic acid for many industrial applications, by fermentation of several natural and engineered bacterial strains. mannheimia succiniciproducens mbel55e isolated from bovine rumen is able to produce succinic acid with high efficiency, but also produces acetic, formic and lactic acids just like other anaerobic succinic acid producers. we recently reported the development of an engineered m. s ...	2007	17765349
rapid, accurate, computational discovery of rho-independent transcription terminators illuminates their relationship to dna uptake.	in many prokaryotes, transcription of dna to rna is terminated by a thymine-rich stretch of dna following a hairpin loop. detecting such rho-independent transcription terminators can shed light on the organization of bacterial genomes and can improve genome annotation. previous computational methods to predict rho-independent terminators have been slow or limited in the organisms they consider.	2007	17313685
emended description of actinobacillus capsulatus arseculeratne 1962, 38al.	the taxonomic position of actinobacillus capsulatus, a member of the family pasteurellaceae found in rabbits, hares and hamsters, has been challenged. 16s rrna gene (rrs) sequence data show the species to be heterogeneous. using a polyphasic approach, 23 strains that were identified previously as belonging, or closely related, to a. capsulatus were analysed. eighty characters were included in the phenotypic analysis. phylogenetic analysis was done based on rrs, rpob, infb and recn sequences. in ...	2007	17329797
mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin utilizes cd18 as its receptor on bighorn sheep leukocytes.	pneumonia caused by mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica is a highly fatal disease of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis). leukotoxin (lkt), secreted by m. haemolytica, is an important virulence factor of this organism, and is cytolytic to bighorn sheep leukocytes. previously, we have shown that cd18, the beta subunit of beta2 integrins, serves as the receptor for lkt on bovine leukocytes. furthermore, anti-cd18 antibodies inhibit lkt-induced cytotoxicity of bighorn sheep leukocytes. therefore, we h ...	2007	17347395
clinical, bacteriological, cytological and pathological features of teat disorders in ewes.	we describe the features of 13 cases of teat disorders in ewes, as follows: lengthy teats (one case), papilloma infection (two), staphylococcal dermatitis (one), nodules and abscesses (two), teat bites (three), stenosis (one), orf (two), compressed teat (one). mannheimia haemolytica, staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus simulans or staphylococcus aureus were isolated from samples. sub-epithelial leucocytic infiltration at the teat duct-teat cistern border, but not lymphoid nodules, was the ...	2007	17493169
protostrongylid parasites and pneumonia in captive and wild thinhorn sheep (ovis dalli).	we describe health significance of protostrongylid parasites (parelaphostrongylus odocoilei and protostrongylus stilesi) and other respiratory pathogens in more than 50 naturally infected dall's sheep (ovis dalli dalli) from the mackenzie mountains, northwest territories (1998-2002) as well as in three stone's sheep (o. d. stonei) experimentally infected with p. odocoilei (2000-2002). histological lesions in the brain and distribution of p. odocoilei in the muscles of experimentally and naturall ...	2007	17495303
clinical mastitis in ewes; bacteriology, epidemiology and clinical features.	clinical mastitis is an important disease in sheep. the objective of this work was to identify causal bacteria and study certain epidemiological and clinical features of clinical mastitis in ewes kept for meat and wool production.	2007	17892567
analysis of gene order data supports vertical inheritance of the leukotoxin operon and genome rearrangements in the 5' flanking region in genus mannheimia.	the mannheimia subclades belong to the same bacterial genus, but have taken divergent paths toward their distinct lifestyles. for example, m. haemolytica + m. glucosida are potential pathogens of the respiratory tract in the mammalian suborder ruminantia, whereas m. ruminalis, the supposed sister group, lives as a commensal in the ovine rumen. we have tested the hypothesis that vertical inheritance of the leukotoxin (lktcabd) operon has occurred from the last common ancestor of genus mannheimia ...	2007	17915007
susceptibility of bacterial pathogens against lincomycin/spectinomycin (1/2), penicillin g/neomycin (1/1), and penicillin g/dihydrostreptomycin (1/1) as determined in the bft-germvet monitoring program 2004-2006.	a total of 368 bacterial pathogens, including 72 coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci, 97 beta-haemolytic streptococci, 51 escherichia coli, 75 pasteurella multocida, 25 mannheimia haemolytica, 25 pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 23 arcanobacterium pyogenes, were investigated for their susceptibility to the three combinations of antimicrobial agents lincomycin/spectinomycin (1/2), penicillin g/neomycin (1/1), and penicillin g/dihydrostreptomycin (1/1) in comparison to their suscept ...	2007	17939451
teat lesions predispose to invasion of the ovine mammary gland by mannheimia haemolytica.	teat lesions, produced in ewes by an experimental chapping procedure, were found to facilitate experimental infection with mannheimia haemolytica, as assessed by observations on infection of the teat skin, teat duct and mammary gland, and on the production of mastitis. the origin of the m. haemolytica strain used (ovine tonsillar or mammary infection) did not appear to influence the results. in a second experiment, in which ewes continued to suckle their lambs but were not deliberately infected, ...	2007	17942110
accuracy of susceptibility testing of pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica.	the accuracy of antimicrobial susceptibility determinations relies on the bacterial species identification and the test methodology that is being used. in the present study, both aspects were investigated for 141 pasteurella multocida and 34 mannheimia haemolytica sensu lato isolates recovered from the upper respiratory tract of healthy calves. this was performed on the one hand by comparing of classical phenotyping with tdna-pcr genotyping and on the other hand by pairwise comparison of disk di ...	2007	17949308
use of computed tomography to evaluate pathologic changes in the lungs of calves with experimentally induced respiratory tract disease.	to optimize methods for the use of computed tomography (ct) to assess pathologic changes in the lungs of calves and to determine the effect of treatment on lung consolidation.	2007	17975983
mannheimia haemolytica and bovine respiratory disease.	mannheimia haemolytica is the principal bacterium isolated from respiratory disease in feedlot cattle and is a significant component of enzootic pneumonia in all neonatal calves. a commensal of the nasopharynx, m. haemolytica is an opportunist, gaining access to the lungs when host defenses are compromised by stress or infection with respiratory viruses or mycoplasma. although several serotypes act as commensals, a1 and a6 are the most frequent isolates from pneumonic lungs. potential virulence ...	2007	18218156
immune evasion by pathogens of bovine respiratory disease complex.	bovine respiratory tract disease is a multi-factorial disease complex involving several viruses and bacteria. viruses that play prominent roles in causing the bovine respiratory disease complex include bovine herpesvirus-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and parinfluenza-3 virus. bacteria that play prominent roles in this disease complex are mannheimia haemolytica and mycoplasma bovis. other bacteria that infect the bovine respiratory tract of cattle are histophi ...	2007	18218162
pneumonia of lambs in the abruzzo region of italy: anatomopathological and histopathological studies and localisation of mycoplasma ovipneumoniae.	the most common forms of inflammation of the lower respiratory tract in lambs are acute enzootic pneumonia, caused mainly by mannheimia haemolytica, chronic enzootic pneumonia (defined as 'atypical' in lambs), the aetiological of which is mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and viral inflammation principally caused by parainfluenza virus type 3. the authors conducted anatomopathological and histopathological studies of the most commonly encountered spontaneous lung inflammations in lambs slaughtered in the ...	2007	20411506
routine phenotypic identification of bacterial species of the family pasteurellaceae isolated from animals.	pasteurellaceae are bacteria with an important role as primary or opportunistic, mainly respiratory, pathogens in domestic and wild animals. some species of pasteurellaceae cause severe diseases with high economic losses in commercial animal husbandry and are of great diagnostic concern. because of new data on the phylogeny of pasteurellaceae, their taxonomy has recently been revised profoundly, thus requiring an improved phenotypic differentiation procedure to identify the individual species of ...	2008	18987220
in vitro activities of tulathromycin and ceftiofur combined with other antimicrobial agents using bovine pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica isolates.	the purpose of this study was to determine the activities of two antibacterial agents used in the treatment of bovine respiratory infections-tulathromycin, a macrolide, and ceftiofur, a third-generation cephalosporin-alone, in combination with each other, and in combination with each of seven additional antibiotics (tilmicosin, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and penicillin g) against bovine pasteurella multocida (n = 60) and mannheimia haemolytica (n = 10) iso ...	2008	19003782
beta(2) integrin mac-1 is a receptor for mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine and ovine leukocytes.	pneumonia caused by mannheimia haemolytica is an important disease of cattle (bo), domestic sheep (ds, ovis aries) and bighorn sheep (bhs, ovis canadensis). leukotoxin (lkt) produced by m. haemolytica is cytolytic to all leukocyte subsets of these three species. although it is certain that cd18, the beta subunit of beta(2) integrins, mediates lkt-induced cytolysis of leukocytes, whether cd18 of all three beta(2) integrins, lfa-1 (cd11a/cd18), mac-1 (cd11b/cd18) and cr4 (cd11c/cd18), mediates lkt ...	2008	18262657
kinetics of growth and leukotoxin production by mannheimia haemolytica in continuous culture.	the growth and product formation kinetics of the bovine pathogen mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica strain ovi-1 in continuous culture were investigated. the leukotoxin (lkt) concentration and yield on biomass could substantially be enhanced by supplementation of a carbon-limited medium with an amino acid mixture or a mixture of cysteine and glutamine. acetic acid was a major product, increasing to 1.66 g l(-1) in carbon-limited chemostat culture at intermediate dilution rates and accounting f ...	2008	18283506
a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for the identification of mannheimia haemolytica, mannheimia glucosida and mannheimia ruminalis.	the objective of this study was to design a multiplex pcr assay to identify mannheimia haemolytica, mannheimia glucosida and mannheimia ruminalis. the multiplex pcr included primer sets hp, amplifying a dna region from an unknown hypothetical protein, lkt and lkt2, amplifying different regions of the leukotoxind gene, and 16s to amplify universal bacterial sequences of the 16s rrna gene. based on positive amplification, isolates were delineated as m. haemolytica (hp, lkt, 16s), m. glucosida (hp, ...	2008	18308486
respiratory disease in lambs.		2008	18326850
from genome sequence to integrated bioprocess for succinic acid production by mannheimia succiniciproducens.	mannheimia succiniciproducens is a capnophilic gram-negative bacterium isolated from bovine rumen. wild-type m. succiniciproducens can produce succinic acid as a major fermentation product with acetic, formic, and lactic acids as byproducts during the anaerobic cultivation using several different carbon sources. succinic acid is an important c4 building block chemical for many applications. here, we review the progress made with m. succiniciproducens for efficient succinic acid production; the a ...	2008	18340442
development of chemically defined medium for mannheimia succiniciproducens based on its genome sequence.	this study presents a novel methodology for the development of a chemically defined medium (cdm) using genome-scale metabolic network and flux balance analysis. the genome-based in silico analysis identified two amino acids and four vitamins as non-substitutable essential compounds to be supplemented to a minimal medium for the sustainable growth of mannheimia succiniciproducens, while no substitutable essential compounds were identified. the in silico predictions were verified by cultivating th ...	2008	18379780
a scaffold analysis tool using mate-pair information in genome sequencing.	we have developed a windows-based program, conpath, as a scaffold analyzer. conpath constructs scaffolds by ordering and orienting separate sequence contigs by exploiting the mate-pair information between contig-pairs. our algorithm builds directed graphs from link information and traverses them to find the longest acyclic graphs. using end read pairs of fixed-sized mate-pair libraries, conpath determines relative orientations of all contigs, estimates the gap size of each adjacent contig pair, ...	2008	18414585
epidemic pasteurellosis in a bighorn sheep population coinciding with the appearance of a domestic sheep.	a pneumonia epidemic reduced bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) survival and recruitment during 1997-2000 in a population comprised of three interconnected wintering herds (kenosha mountains, sugarloaf mountain, twin eagles) that inhabited the kenosha and tarryall mountain ranges in central colorado, usa. the onset of this epidemic coincided temporally and spatially with the appearance of a single domestic sheep (ovis aires) on the sugarloaf mountain herd's winter range in december 1997. although o ...	2008	18436671
expression of a modified mannheimia haemolytica gs60 outer membrane lipoprotein in transgenic alfalfa for the development of an edible vaccine against bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.	the gs60 antigen is one of the protective antigens of mannheimia haemolytica a1. gs60 contains conserved domains belonging to the lppc family of bacterial outer membrane lipoproteins. a high antibody titer to gs60 has been shown to be significantly correlated with resistance to pneumonic pasteurellosis. calves vaccinated with a commercial vaccine (presponse) and demonstrating protection against m. haemolytica a1 produced antibodies directed against gs60. alfalfa was chosen as the platform for an ...	2008	18440084
an outbreak of chronic pneumonia and polyarthritis syndrome caused by mycoplasma bovis in feedlot bison (bison bison).	mycoplasma bovis was identified by a specific lesion, conventional bacterial culture, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction in 2 feedlot bison found dead with severe, chronic, caseonecrotic pneumonia; polyarthritis; and laryngitis. on microscopic examination, pulmonary lesions were characterized by prominent, well-defined areas of caseous necrosis and bronchiectasis. immunohistochemical analysis of lung exhibited staining in bronchiolar epithelium and in random areas of caseous nec ...	2008	18460630
characterization of the arc two-component signal transduction system of the capnophilic rumen bacterium mannheimia succiniciproducens.	the arcb/a two-component signal transduction system of escherichia coli modulates the expression of numerous operons in response to redox conditions of growth. we demonstrate that the putative arca and arcb genes of mannheimia succiniciproducens mbel55e, a capnophilic (co2-loving) rumen bacterium, encode functional proteins that specify a two-component system. the arc proteins of the two bacterial species sufficiently resemble each other that they can participate in heterologous transphosphoryla ...	2008	18462392
a comparison of 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever/bovine respiratory disease.	the aim of this study was to compare 2 vaccination programs in feedlot calves at ultra-high risk of developing undifferentiated fever (uf)/bovine respiratory disease (brd). at feedlot arrival, 3882 calves were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to 2 groups, which were housed by group in 12 pens. at the time of allocation, 1 group (mlv3-bt2) received a multivalent, modified-live viral vaccine containing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv) and types i and ii bovine viral diarr ...	2008	18512457
microbiological and histopathological findings in cases of fatal bovine respiratory disease of feedlot cattle in western canada.	the aim of this study was to describe the microbiologic agents and pathologic processes in fatal bovine respiratory disease (brd) of feedlot cattle and to investigate associations between agents and pathologic processes. ninety feedlot calves diagnosed at necropsy with brd and 9 control calves without brd were examined, using immunohistochemical (ihc) staining and histopathologic studies. mannheimia haemolytica (mh) (peracute, acute, and subacute cases) and mycoplasma bovis (mb) (subacute, bronc ...	2008	18512458
effects of commingling beef calves from different sources and weaning protocols during a forty-two-day receiving period on performance and bovine respiratory disease.	the study objective was to determine health and performance of ranch calves from different preconditioning strategies during a 42-d receiving period when commingled with calves of unknown health histories from multiple sources. steer calves from a single source ranch (ranch) were weaned and immediately shipped to a feedlot (wean, initial bw = 247 +/- 29 kg); weaned on the ranch for 45 d before shipping, but did not receive any vaccinations (wean45, initial bw = 231 +/- 26 kg); or weaned, vaccina ...	2008	18567723
effect of age at the time of vaccination on antibody titers and feedlot performance in beef calves.	to compare antibody responses, feedlot morbidity and mortality rates, feedlot performance, and carcass value for calves vaccinated with 1 of 2 vaccination strategies and for unvaccinated control calves.	2008	18593324
prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens isolated from cattle in different european countries: 2002-2004.	the project "antibiotic resistance in bacteria of animal origin - ii" (arbao-ii) was funded by the european union (fair5-qlk2-2002-01146) for the period 2003-2005, with the aim to establish a continuous monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility among veterinary laboratories in european countries based on validated and harmonised methodologies. available summary data of the susceptibility testing of the bacterial pathogens from the different laboratories were collected.	2008	18611246
real-time pcr assay for the detection of species of the genus mannheimia.	infections caused by species of the genus mannheimia cause diverse disease complexes in many wild and domestic animals worldwide. fast and accurate detection of single species within the genus remains an unsolved problem till today. to resolve this diagnostic challenge, we developed a real-time pcr assay for the rapid and specific identification of five species of the genus mannheimia (m. haemolytica, m. varigena, m. ruminalis, m. granulomatis and m. glucosida) from bacterial cultures and tissue ...	2008	18619696
development of a markerless gene knock-out system for mannheimia succiniciproducens using a temperature-sensitive plasmid.	a temperature-sensitive derivative of the mannheimia varigena plasmid pmvscs1 was constructed by hydroxylamine treatment for use in the development of a markerless gene knock-out system for mannheimia succiniciproducens. the temperature-sensitive plasmid pmvscs1-ts was stably maintained at 30 degrees c, but failed to replicate at 42 degrees c. dna sequencing of the replication origin revealed a single base substitution as being responsible for its temperature sensitivity. the region of replicati ...	2008	18021236
effects of lipopolysaccharide and mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin on bovine lung microvascular endothelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells.	bovine respiratory disease resulting from infection with mannheimia haemolytica commonly results in extensive vascular leakage into the alveoli. m. haemolytica produces two substances, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and leukotoxin (lkt), that are known to be important in inducing some of the pathological changes. in the present study, we examined bovine pulmonary epithelial (bpe) cell and bovine lung microvascular endothelial cell monolayer permeability, as measured by trans-well endothelial and epith ...	2008	18032592
effective gene transfer to melanoma cells using bacterial ghosts.	bacterial ghosts (bg) are cell envelopes preparations of gram-negative bacteria devoid of cytoplasmic content produced by controlled expression of phix174 plasmid-encoded lysis gene e. eight melanoma cell lines were investigated for their capacity to bind and phagocyte bg derived from escherichia coli nm522 and mannheimia haemolytica a23. high capability to bind bg was observed in almost all of the analyzed cell lines, furthermore cells were able to take up bg independently of the used bacterial ...	2008	18164809
effect of vaccinating lambs against pneumonic pasteurellosis under new zealand field conditions on their weight gain and pneumonic lung lesions at slaughter.	in a field trial, 9174 lambs from seven commercial sheep flocks with a history of subclinical pneumonia were either vaccinated with ovipast plus (intervet) or given a placebo by systematic random allocation; they were vaccinated twice at an interval of four to six weeks and grazed on pasture in the same paddocks. they were weighed at the first vaccination, 11 and 23 weeks later, and one to three days before they were slaughtered. the extent of the pneumonic lesions in their lungs was scored visu ...	2008	18178931
serotypes a1 and a2 of mannheimia haemolytica are susceptible to genotypic, capsular and phenotypic variations in contrast to t3 and t4 serotypes of bibersteinia (pasteurella) trehalosi.	mannheimia haemolytica and bibersteinia (pasteurella) trehalosi are the most common bacterial isolates that cause pulmonary diseases in ruminants worldwide. the disease is determined by specific serotypes found in cattle and small ruminants. the molecular epidemiology of strains involved in disease is important in the control of outbreaks as well as in the preparation of vaccines. this study aimed to detect the instability and variations of bacterial strains that may affect the analysis of epide ...	2008	18179587
respiratory disease associated with bovine coronavirus infection in cattle herds in southern italy.	four outbreaks of bovine respiratory disease (brd) associated with bovine coronavirus (bcov) infection in italian cattle herds were reported. in 3 outbreaks, brd was observed only in 2-3-month-old feedlot calves, whereas in the remaining outbreak, lactating cows, heifers, and calves were simultaneously affected. by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), bcov rna was detected in all outbreaks without evidence of concurrent viral pathogens (i.e., bovine respiratory syncyti ...	2008	18182504
susceptibility testing of tulathromycin: interpretative breakpoints and susceptibility of field isolates.	in vitro susceptibility tests were conducted on bovine and porcine respiratory pathogens isolated from european countries during 2004-2006 for susceptibility to tulathromycin using the recommended methodologies for broth microdilution. the results were compared with data from a similar survey conducted prior to launch in 1998-2001 to monitor for any shift in susceptibility. the importance of maintaining the ph of the culture media within the range 7.2-7.4 was re-affirmed as a key factor in obtai ...	2008	18187275
effects of lamb sucking on the bacterial flora of teat duct and mammary gland of ewes.	we aimed (i) to determine differences in bacterial flora of teat duct and mammary gland of ewes before and after suckling, (ii) to evaluate factors potentially affecting those. we collected samples of teat duct material and mammary secretion from 11 ewes immediately before and after sucking by lambs, as well as 120 min later. we processed samples bacteriologically and compared changes in infection by the sign test. we isolated bacteria from 3.5% duct and 1.5% secretion samples before suckling. r ...	2008	18199254
disposition kinetics of moxifloxacin in lactating ewes.	the present study was planned to investigate the plasma disposition kinetics and the pattern of moxifloxacin elimination in the milk of lactating ewes (n=6) following a single intravenous (iv) bolus or intramuscular (im) injections at a dosage of 5 mg/kg in all animals. a crossover study was carried out in two phases separated by 21 days. plasma and milk samples were collected serially for 72 h and moxifloxacin concentrations were assayed using high performance liquid chromatography with fluores ...	2008	17900948
characterisation of mannheimia spp. strains isolated from bovine nasal exudate and factors associated to isolates, in dairy farms in the central valley of mexico.	mannheimia spp. strains obtained from bovine nasal exudates of either clinically healthy or clinically affected by respiratory tract disease animals were isolated and characterised to estimate the prevalence of isolated serotypes in dairy farms in mexico, by means of a trans-sectional descriptive study. strains were isolated and typified through biochemical and immunological tests. chi(2) or fisher statistical tests were applied, as well as odds ratio calculation and logistic regression analysis ...	2008	17521689
succinic acid production from continuous fermentation process using mannheimia succiniciproducens lpk7.	to achieve a higher succinic acid productivity and evaluate the industrial applicability, this study used mannheimia succiniciproducens lpk7 (knock-out: laha, pflb, pta-acka), which was recently designed to enhance the productivity of succinic acid and reduce by-product secretion. anaerobic continuous fermentation of mannheimia succiniciproducens lpk7 was carried out at different glucose feed concentrations and dilution rates. after extensive fermentation experiments, a succinic acid yield and p ...	2008	18633290
succinic acid production by a newly isolated bacterium.	a new bacterial strain producing succinic acid was enriched from bovine rumen content. it is facultatively anaerobic, belongs to the family pasteurellaceae and has similarity to the genus mannheimia. in batch cultivations with d-glucose or sucrose the strain produced up to 5.8 g succinic acid l(-1) with a productivity and a yield of up to 1.5 g l(-1) h(-1) and 0.6 g g(-1), respectively. with crude glycerol up to 8.4 g l(-1), 0.9 g l(-1) h(-1) and 1.2 g g(-1) were obtained.	2008	18651227
risk factors and impacts of clinical and subclinical mastitis in commercial meat-producing sheep flocks in quebec, canada.	we conducted a prospective observational study on clinical and subclinical mastitis in 30 commercial meat-producing sheep flocks from 2 regions of the province of quebec, canada. a total of 2,792 ewes selected in late gestation were followed from lambing to weaning of lambs. the incidence of clinical mastitis for the total lactation period (average of 58 days) ranged among flocks from 0 to 6.6%, with a median of 1.2%. the most frequently isolated bacteria from the cases of clinical mastitis, in ...	2008	18656275
laryngeal abscessation due to mannheimia haemolytica in an alpaca (vicugna pacos) cria.		2008	18660524
mannheimia haemolytica chimeric protein vaccine composed of the major surface-exposed epitope of outer membrane lipoprotein plpe and the neutralizing epitope of leukotoxin.	mannheimia haemolytica is commonly identified in cattle with shipping fever pneumonia. vaccines currently available do not provide complete protection against the disease. in an effort to develop a vaccine that delivers the immunogenic regions of leukotoxin (lkt) a and the outer membrane protein (omp) plpe, a total of four chimeric proteins were constructed. mice were subcutaneously immunized with 25, 50 and 75 microg quantities of each chimeric protein. the specificity of the immune response wa ...	2008	18675308
effects of experimental challenge of ewes with mannheimia haemolytica on subsequent milk composition.	the objective was to describe the physicochemical changes during the early phase of subclinical mastitis and to associate them with pathological findings. a mannheimia haemolytica strain was deposited into one teat duct of 25 ewes and the clinical, bacteriological, cytological, physicochemical (ph, milk composition), gross-pathological and histological findings were subsequently recorded. the organism was consistently isolated from samples of teat duct material (140/150) but not from mammary sec ...	2008	18680619
comparison of immunogenic properties of native and inactivated mannheimia haemolytica lkt in calves.	the aim of this study was to compare the immunostimulatory properties of lkt of m. haemolytica inactivated by formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde and to evaluate the neutralizing properties of anti-lkt antibodies. the experiment was conducted on 20 black-and-white lowland calves of 100 kg body weight, assigned to 4 experimental groups. the animals were given subcutaneous vaccine injections with native lkt, lkt inactivated by formaldehyde or lkt inactivated by glutaraldehyde. the anti-lkt antibody ti ...	2008	18683535
bighorn sheep beta2-integrin lfa-1 serves as a receptor for mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin.	mannheimia haemolytica is an important cause of pneumonia in bighorn sheep (bhs; ovis canadensis). leukotoxin (lkt), the primary virulence determinant of m. haemolytica, induces cytolysis of all subsets of leukocytes. previously, we have shown that cd18, the beta subunit of beta2-integrins, mediates lkt-induced cytolysis. however, it is not clear whether cd18 of all three beta2-integrins, lfa-1, mac-1, and cr4, mediates lkt-induced cytolysis. the objective of this study was to determine whether ...	2008	18689665
dynamin-2-dependent targeting of mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin to mitochondrial cyclophilin d in bovine lymphoblastoid cells.	exotoxins which belong to the family containing the rtx toxins (repeats in toxin) contribute to a variety of important human and animal diseases. one example of such a toxin is the potent leukotoxin (lkt) produced by the bovine respiratory pathogen mannheimia haemolytica. lkt binds to cd18, resulting in the death of bovine leukocytes. in this study, we showed that internalized lkt binds to the outer mitochondrial membrane, which results in the release of cytochrome c and collapse of the mitochon ...	2008	18765728
mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin-induced cytolysis of caprine (capra hircus) leukocytes is mediated by the cd18 subunit of beta2-integrins.	mannheimiosis is the major respiratory disease among some ruminants, whereas it is not pathogenic for other mammals, an observation that has been attributed to a specific interaction between mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin (lkt) and bovine or ovine cd18 subunit of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (lfa-1) and mac-1. we therefore hypothesized that lkt utilizes cd18 as its receptor on caprine leukocytes as well. we have transiently transfected the beta2-integrins-deficient k-562 cell line ...	2008	18775487
fatal pneumonia epizootic in musk ox (ovibos moschatus) in a period of extraordinary weather conditions.	the musk ox is adapted to extreme cold and regarded as vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. population decline is proposed to occur due to changes in forage availability, insect harassment, parasite load, and habitat availability, while the possible role of infectious diseases has not been emphasized. the goal of the present article is to describe an outbreak of fatal pasteurellosis that occurred in the introduced musk ox population of dovrefjell, norway in 2006, causing the death of a l ...	2008	18787923
safety and efficacy testing of a novel multivalent bovine bacterial respiratory vaccine composed of five bacterins and two immunogens.	bovine bacterial respiratory diseases have been one of the most serious problems due to their high mortality and economic loss in calves. the vaccinations of bovine bacterial respiratory vaccines have been complex because of no multivalent vaccine. in this study, novel multivalent bovine bacterial respiratory vaccine (brv) was developed and tested for its safety and efficacy. brv was composed of two immunogens and five bacterins. these were leukotoxoid and bacterin of mannheimia haemolytica type ...	2008	18840971
field efficacy of combination vaccines against bovine respiratory pathogens in calves.	the efficacy of an inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv)--bovine parainfluenza type 3 (pi3)--mannheimia haemolytica (mh) combination vaccine was examined in two field studies. calves were vaccinated (i) with the inactivated vaccine, (ii) a modified live/killed viral combination vaccine, or (iii) left unvaccinated. the efficacy of the vaccines was judged by the (i) number of treated animals, (ii) number of individual antibiotic treatments per calf and (iii) mortality rates. after ...	2008	19149103
[fatty acid composition of cells and lipopolysaccliarides of mannheimia haemolytica, mannheimia glucosida and bibersteinia trehalosi strains].	the mannheimia haemolytica, mannheimia glucosida and bibersteinia trehalosi strains and the similar fatty acid composition of cells with domination of c(16:1) and c(16:0), which were in almost equal quantities, c(14:0 and c(18:1) + c(18:2). the fatty acid composition of lipopolysaccharides (lps) of the studied bacteria had no essential differences too. it was mainly represented by c(14:0) and 3-oh-c(14:0) which consisted of more than 80% of all lps fatty acids. c(12:0), c(16:1) and c(16:0) were ...	2008	19351048
serotyping of mannheimia haemolytica isolates from bovine pneumonia: 1987-2006.	over a period of 20 years, a total of 207 mannheimia haemolytica samples were isolated from calves affected with pneumonic pasteurellosis and serotyped by the indirect haemagglutination test. serotypes a1 (102 isolates), a2 (47 isolates) and a6 (42 isolates) were most common; in addition, 16 isolates were serotypes a7, a13, a14 or untypable. the relative prevalence of serotype a6 has increased recently in japan, as has been reported from other countries. the results of this study provide useful ...	2008	17822930
molecular and ultrastructural studies of the fibrotic lesions of bovine focal proliferative fibrogranulomatous panniculitis (lechiguana).	this work aimed to investigate some aspects related to the pathogenicity of lechiguana, a bovine fibroproliferative lesion characterized by rapid collagen accumulation. light and transmission electron microscopy and in situ hybridization studies were performed in order to elucidate the fibrogenic activity of this lesion. the characterization of fibroblastic plasticity in the lesion was done by immunohistochemical study for alpha-smooth-muscle cell actin. the ovoid-shaped cells presented positive ...	2008	17492489
sternoclavicular joint septic arthritis and mediastinitis. a case report and review of the literature.	septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint is rare. its causes have been reported to include immuno-compromizing diseases, intravenous drug abuse, fractures of the clavicle or catheterization of the subclavian vein. we report a case of septic arthritis of the scj in a diabetic patient following periarticular injection of steroids in the ipsilateral shoulder, as this route of infection has not been documented, to our knowledge, in the literature to date. we review the literature regarding epi ...	2008	17187260
porcine cd18 mediates actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae apxiii species-specific toxicity.	actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, produces apx toxins that are recognized as major virulence factors. recently, we showed that apxiiia-cytotoxic activity specifically targets sus scrofa leukocytes. since both ltxa from aggregatibacter actinomycetem comitans (aggressive periodontitis in humans) and lkta from mannheimia haemolytica (pneumonia in ruminants) share this characteristic, respectively towards human and ruminant leukocytes, and because both ...	2009	19356397
variation in pasteurella (bibersteinia) and mannheimia spp. following transport and antibiotic treatment in free-ranging and captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis).	morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory disease following capture and translocation of bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis) is a significant concern, particularly when establishing new or augmenting existing bighorn populations. administration of prophylactic antibiotics at the time of capture is often done to minimize the risk of respiratory disease, but the efficacy of this practice is unknown. the effects of oxytetracycline and florfenicol on the pasteurella (bibersteinia) a ...	2009	19368250
transmission of lungworms (muellerius capillaris) from domestic goats to bighorn sheep on common pasture.	four domestic goats (capra hircus) that were passing first-stage dorsal-spined larvae of muellerius capillaris were copastured on a 0.82-ha pasture for 11 mo from may 2003 to april 2004 with seven rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis) that were not passing dorsal-spined larvae. during the 11-mo experiment, two bighorn sheep died from pneumonia caused by mannheimia (pasteurella) haemolytica biotype a, serotype 2. the remaining five bighorn sheep and the four domestic goats remained healt ...	2009	19395736
bovine herpesvirus type 1 infection of bovine bronchial epithelial cells increases neutrophil adhesion and activation.	respiratory infection of cattle with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) predisposes cattle to secondary pneumonia with mannheimia haemolytica as part of the bovine respiratory disease complex (brd). one cell type that has received limited investigation for its role in the inflammation that accompanies brd is the respiratory epithelial cell. in the present study we investigated mechanisms by which bhv-1 infection of respiratory epithelial cells contributes to the recruitment and activation of bovi ...	2009	19406483
mutations in gyra and parc in fluoroquinolone-resistant mannheimia haemolytica isolates from cattle in japan.	nine isolates of mannheimia haemolytica, comprising an enrofloxacin (erfx)-resistant isolate, five nalidixic acid-resistant isolates and three susceptible isolates, from diseased cattle were subjected to sequence analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (qrdrs) of the gyra and parc genes. an erfx-resistant isolate was shown to have two amino acid substitutions in gyra (s83f and d87g) and one substitution in parc (s80i). three mutations in the qrdrs of gyra were found in the na-re ...	2009	19420855