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generation of genetic diversity in microsporidia via sexual reproduction and horizontal gene transfer.microsporidia are obligate intracellular pathogens mainly infecting both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. the group comprises approximately 150 genera with 1,200 species. due to sequence divergence phylogenic reconstructions that are solely based on dna sequence have been unprecise for these pathogens. our previous study identified that three microsporidian genomes contained a putative sex-related locus similar to that of zygomycetes. in a comparison of genome architecture of the microsporidia ...200919907704
preparation of (s)-1-halo-2-octanols using ionic liquids and biocatalysts.preparation of (s)-1-chloro-2-octanol and (s)-1-bromo-2-octanol was carried out by the enzymatic hydrolysis of halohydrin palmitates using biocatalysts. halohydrin palmitates were prepared by various methods from palmitic acid and 1,2-octanediol. a tandem hydrolysis was carried out using lipases from candida antarctica (novozym 435), rhizomucor miehei (lipozyme im), and "resting cells" from a rhizopus oryzae strain that was not mycotoxigenic. the influence of the enzyme and the reaction medium o ...200919924063
characterization of a cellular immunostimulating peptide from a soybean protein fraction digested with peptidase r.an immunostimulating glutamine-rich peptide was purified from a soybean protein fraction digested with peptidase r produced by rhizopus oryzae (ro-digest) by a combination of sp-sepharose column chromatography and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. the purified peptide was supposed to be located at or near the glutamine-rich region 202 to 222 of the glycinin g4 subunit. the peptide significantly increased the number of cd8(+), cd11b(+), and cd49b(+) cells in c3h/hen mouse spl ...200919926930
sterols isolated from nuruk (rhizopus oryzae ksd-815) inhibit the migration of cancer cells.an activity-guided fractionation method was used to isolate anticancer components from nuruk (rhizopus oryzae ksd-815:ksd-815). dried powder of ksd-815 was extracted with 80% methanol and partitioned successively using nhexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. the n-hexane and n-butanol fractions showed a strong antimigratory effect on human cancer cells. both of these fractions were subjected to separation and purification procedures using silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and sephadex lh-2 ...200919996683
[effects of cultivation conditions on the optical purity of l(+)-lactic acid].the effect of cultivation conditions on the optical purity of l(+)-lactic acid produced by rhizopus oryzae hzs6 was investigated. the isomeric composition of lactic acid was influenced by the supplementation of l(+)-lactic acid to fermentation medium. l(+)-isomer increased with the dosage, no d(-)-lactic acid was observed when the concentration of supplemented l(+)-lactic acid in matrix was > or = 1.5 g/l. however, the l(+)-lactic acid yield, biomass and glucose conversion rate decreased with th ...200920222467
[stability of whole cell biocatalyst for biodiesel production from renewable oils].lipase-mediated biodiesel production becomes increasingly important because of mild reaction conditions, pollution free during the process and easy product separation. compared with traditional immobilized lipase, whole cell biocatalyst is promising for biodiesel production because it is easy to prepare and has higher enzyme activity recovery. rhizopus oryzae ifo4697 can be used as the catalyst for biodiesel production. to further study the stability of the whole cell biocatalyst is extremely im ...200919938482
significant changes in the transesterification activity of free and mesoporous-immobilized rhizopus oryzae lipase in ionic liquids.we examined the activity of free rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) and rol immobilized on mesoporous materials in transesterification reactions in various dialkylimidazolium-cation based ionic liquids. for free rol, the highest activity (0.39 u/mg protein) was obtained in [omim][pf(6)] followed by that (0.28 u/mg protein) in [bmim][pf(6)]. specific activities of rol immobilized on mesocellular foam (mcf) were only 0.47 and 0.43 u/mg protein in [omim][pf(6)] and [bmim][pf(6)], respectively. however, t ...201019948194
lessons from a case of oromandibular mucormycosis treated with surgery and a combination of amphotericin b lipid formulation plus caspofungin.a rare case of oromandibular rhizopus oryzae infection is described in a 55-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukaemia and decompensated diabetes mellitus. the infection developed during induction chemotherapy when the patient was neutropenic. she was treated with a combination of amphotericin b lipid formulation and caspofungin plus surgery. debridement surgery included excision of the lower lip, chin, floor of the mouth, a portion of the tongue, as well as mandibular resection at the level of ...201020689269
strategies for utilisation of food-processing wastes to produce lipases in solid-state cultures of rhizopus oryzae.the aim of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of several food-processing wastes as support substrate for lipolytic enzymes production by the fungus rhizopus oryzae under solid-state conditions. different experiments were conducted to select the variables that allow obtaining high levels of lipolytic enzyme activity. in particular, the use of inert and non-inert solid materials and lipidic and surfactant compounds was evaluated. it was observed that the addition of triton x-100 ...201020224920
two-stage utilization of corn straw by rhizopus oryzae for fumaric acid production.due to the abundant, low price characteristic, lots of efforts have been put into producing bulk chemical from lignocellulose biomass, but the low utility of xylose, which is the second main component in lignocellulose, becomes a bottleneck for efficient lignocellulose utilization. this study investigated a novel two-stage corn straw utilization strategy for fumaric acid production by rhizopus oryzae. fungal growth was approached in hydrolysates from acid hydrolysis of corn straw, contained 30 g ...201020236819
multilocus microsatellite typing for rhizopus oryzae.rhizopus oryzae is the most frequent causative agent of zygomycosis. although zygomycosis causes considerable morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, the epidemiology of the disease is not well studied and no standard molecular typing method has been described for any of the causative agents. here we describe a multilocus microsatellite typing (mlmt) method for r. oryzae. r. oryzae genome sequences were downloaded from the fungal genome initiative database (broad institute). the i ...201020724504
[a case of resected pulmonary mucormycosis that was suspected of mixed infection with aspergillus fumigatus, diagnosed by transbronchial lung biopsy].a 73-year-old man was admitted with high fever and right chest pain. chest x-ray showed a rapidly growing mass shadow in the right lower lung field. the patient had been in remission for malignant lymphoma and had developed interstitial pneumonia and diabetes mellitus following 1 year of corticosteroid therapy. his illness was diagnosed as invasive aspergillosis because of a high level of beta-d-glucan and cultured aspergillus fumigatus in the sputum. he was treated with a combination of micafun ...201020803983
[case of a diabetic man cured of rhinocerebral zygomycosis].zygomycosis (mucormycosis) is a rare, highly aggressive opportunistic fungal disease caused by saprophytic fungi, belonging to the division zygomycota, class zygomycetes. patients with immunodeficiency, neutropenia, iron overload, hematological malignancies, as well as diabetics with ketoacidosis are typically affected. case presentation: authors describe the case of an eighteen-year old man with poor compliance suffering from diabetes since the age of nine. he was admitted with ketoacidotic som ...201020840916
acid phosphatase production by rhizopus delemar: a role played in the ni(ii) bioaccumulation process.the microbial growth and activity of acid phosphatase enzyme during the growth of rhizopus delemar in the presence or absence of ni(ii) ions were investigated. an increase in initial ni(ii) ion concentration inhibited both growth rate of r. delemar and acid phosphatase activity. the maximum-intrinsic specific growth rate (μ(m)) and monod constant (k(s)) of microorganism in ni(ii)-free medium were found as 0.0649 h(-1) and 1.8928 g/l, respectively. the inhibition of ni(ii) ions on growth rate of ...201020846788
discovery of a steroid 11α-hydroxylase from rhizopus oryzae and its biotechnological application.to overcome the chemically laborious stereo- and regioselective hydroxylation steps in the pharmaceutical production of corticosteroids and progestogens, certain fungal species, e.g. rhizopus spp. and aspergillus spp., are employed to perform the 11α-hydroxylation of the steroid skeleton, thereby significantly simplifying steroid drug production. here we report for the first time the identification and expression of a fungal 11α-steroid hydroxylase, cyp509c12. the newly identified cytochrome p45 ...201020850485
rhizopus oryzae skin infection treated with posaconazole in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. 201020508483
comparative study of the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin b and amphotericin b deoxycholate against six species of zygomycetes in a murine lethal infection model.the objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb) at a clinical dose (3 mg/kg) against six species (5 genera) of zygomycetes in a murine lethal infection model, and to compare findings with those for deoxycholate amphotericin b (d-amb). the correlation between in-vitro activity and in-vivo efficacy of l-amb was also investigated. cyclophosphamide-treated mice were inoculated intravenously with conidial suspensions. four hours or 1 day after inoculati ...201020535522
the high affinity iron permease is a key virulence factor required for rhizopus oryzae pathogenesis.rhizopus oryzae is the most common cause of mucormycosis, an angioinvasive fungal infection that causes more then 50% mortality rate despite first-line therapy. clinical and animal model data clearly demonstrate that the presence of elevated available serum iron predisposes the host to mucormycosis. the high affinity iron permease gene (ftr1) is required for r. oryzae iron transport in iron-depleted environments. here we demonstrate that ftr1 is required for full virulence of r. oryzae in mice. ...201020545847
catalytic properties of two rhizopus oryzae 99-880 glucoamylase enzymes without starch binding domains expressed in pichia pastoris.catalytic properties of two glucoamylases, amyc and amyd, without starch binding domains from rhizopus oryzae strain 99-880 are determined using heterologously expressed enzyme purified to homogeneity. amyc and amyd demonstrate ph optima of 5.5 and 6.0, respectively, nearly one unit higher than the rhizopus amya glucoamylase enzyme. optimal initial activities are at 60 and 50 °c for amyc and amyd, respectively. inactivation of both enzymes occurs at 50 °c following 30 min pre-incubation. the two ...201020549574
efficient production of lactic acid from sucrose and corncob hydrolysate by a newly isolated rhizopus oryzae gy18.the aim of this study is to investigate production of l-lactic acid from sucrose and corncob hydrolysate by the newly isolated r. oryzae gy18. r. oryzae gy18 was capable of utilizing sucrose as a sole source, producing 97.5 g l(-1) l-lactic acid from 120 g l(-1) sucrose. in addition, the strain was also efficiently able to utilize glucose and/or xylose to produce high yields of l-lactic acid. it was capable of producing up to 115 and 54.2 g l(-1) lactic acid with yields of up to 0.81 g g(-1) glu ...201020556475
using of rhizopus arrhizus as a sensor modifying component for determination of pb(ii) in aqueous media by voltammetry.for the sensitive determination of pb(ii) from aqueous solutions, a new voltammetric biosensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with rhizopus arrhizus was developed. the preconcentrated ions at open circuit were reduced by using differential pulse stripping voltammetry technique. the obtained current values were related to the concentration of pb(ii) in the solutions. the best results were achieved at ph 7 with 0.01 m tris-hcl buffer solution applying a preconcentration time of 12 min. t ...201020576569
effect of different stresses on trehalose levels in rhizopus oryzae.rhizopus oryzae accumulates and degrades trehalose in response to environmental stress conditions such as heat, osmotic stress, nitrogen starvation and ph. when heat stress was applied to r. oryzae, the trehalose content of the cells was increased from 0.9 to 4.8 mg/g dw and when the stress was relieved it decreased back to 1.1 mg/g dw. under osmotic stress and nitrogen starvation, trehalose content was increased by 3.5 and 3 fold, respectively. the decrease in external ph increased trehalose le ...201020586064
chitosan production from hemicellulose hydrolysate of corn straw: impact of degradation products on rhizopus oryzae growth and chitosan fermentation.to examine the potential use of hemicellulose hydrolysate (hh) for the production of chitosan by rhizopus oryzae and investigate the influence of contents in hh on mycelia growth and chitosan synthesis.201020636326
in vitro and in vivo activities of posaconazole against zygomycetes with various degrees of susceptibility.we analysed the in vitro and in vivo effects of posaconazole and amphotericin b against three clinical isolates of zygomycetes: lichtheimia corymbifera, f1; and rhizopus oryzae, f5 and f6.201020667887
enzyme mediated silicon-oxygen bond formation; the use of rhizopus oryzae lipase, lysozyme and phytase under mild conditions.the potential for expanding the variety of enzymic methods for siloxane bond formation is explored. three enzymes, rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol), lysozyme and phytase are reported to catalyse the condensation of the model compound, trimethylsilanol, formed in situ from trimethylethoxysilane, to produce hexamethyldisiloxane in aqueous media at 25 °c and ph 7. thermal denaturation and reactant inhibition experiments were conducted to better understand the catalytic role of these enzyme candidates. ...201020683529
dependence on the properties of organic solvent: study on acyl migration kinetics of partial glycerides.during rhizopus oryzae-mediated methanolysis of triglycerides for biodiesel production, the amount of 1,2-dg and 2-mg as well as the ratio of 1,2-dg/1,3-dg and 2-mg/1-mg differed significantly in different reaction medium, which indicated that solvent might be a crucial factor that would influence the acyl migration rate, leading to varied biodiesel yield. in this paper, the influence of solvent and their properties on acyl migration kinetics of both 1,2-diglyceride and 2-monoglyceride were inve ...201020307973
surfactant-modified yeast whole-cell biocatalyst displaying lipase on cell surface for enzymatic production of structured lipids in organic media.the cell surface engineering system, in which functional proteins are genetically displayed on microbial cell surfaces, has recently become a powerful tool for applied biotechnology. here, we report on the surfactant modification of surface-displayed lipase to improve its performance for enzymatic synthesis reactions. the lipase activities of the surfactant-modified yeast displaying rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) were evaluated in both aqueous and nonaqueous systems. despite the similar lipase act ...201020336291
effect of salinity on metal-complex dye biosorption by rhizopus arrhizus.in this study the biosorption of yellow rl, a metal-complex anionic dye, by dried rhizopus arrhizus, a filamentous fungus, was investigated as a function of initial solution ph, initial dye concentration and initial salt (sodium chloride) concentration. the fungus exhibited the maximal dye uptake at ph 2 in the absence and in the presence of salt. dye uptake increased with the dye concentration up to 1000 mg l(-1) and diminished considerably in the presence of increasing concentrations of salt u ...201020347210
molecular detection and identification of zygomycetes species from paraffin-embedded tissues in a murine model of disseminated zygomycosis: a collaborative european society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (escmid) fungal infection study group (efisg) evaluation.the present study was performed to assess the interlaboratory reproducibility of the molecular detection and identification of species of zygomycetes from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney and brain tissues obtained from experimentally infected mice. animals were infected with one of five species (rhizopus oryzae, rhizopus microsporus, lichtheimia corymbifera, rhizomucor pusillus, and mucor circinelloides). samples with 1, 10, or 30 slide cuts of the tissues were prepared from each paraffi ...201020375233
microbial synthesis of multishaped gold nanostructures.the development of methodologies for the synthesis of nanoparticles of well-defined size and shape is a challenging one and constitutes an important area of research in nanotechnology. this full paper describes the controlled synthesis of multishaped gold nanoparticles at room temperature utilizing a simple, green chemical method by the interaction of chloroauric acid (haucl4 x 3h20) and cell-free extract of the fungal strain rhizopus oryzae. the cell-free extract functions as a reducing, shape- ...201020376859
use of posaconazole in the treatment of infective rhinocerebral mucormycosis.a patients with undiagnosed type ii diabetes mellitus presented with infective rhinocerebral mucormycosis. investigation results: initial magnetic resonance imaging scans demonstrated an aggressive disease process involving the left orbit and paranasal sinuses. a repeated scan following treatment excluded intracranial spread or recurrence. pus from the paranasal sinuses grew rhizopus arrhizus on microbiological culture.201020388246
lipase immobilized on the hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethene membrane with nonwoven fabric and its application in intensifying synthesis of butyl oleate.the synthesis of butyl oleate was studied in this paper with immobilized lipase. five types of membrane were used as support to immobilize rhizopus arrhizus lipase by following a procedure combining filtration and protein cross-linking. results showed that hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethene membrane with nonwoven fabric (ho-ptfe-nf) was the favorite choice in terms of higher protein loading, activity, and specific activity of immobilized lipase. the factors including solvent polarity, lipase dosa ...201020446058
synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(2-arylsulfanyl-ethyl)-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo-3-ones and their corresponding sulfones.in the present investigation, a series of novel 2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(2-arylsulfanyl-ethyl)-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazolo-3-ones and their corresponding sulfones were prepared with the objective of developing better antimicrobial agents. the chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral (ir, (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and lcms) methods. the newly synthesized compounds (4a-i) and (5a-e, 5h) were screened for their antimicrobial activity against bacillus ...201020457477
rearranged diterpenoids from the biotransformation of ent-trachyloban-18-oic acid by rhizopus arrhizus.in our search for inhibitors of the antiapoptotic protein bcl-xl, investigation of xylopia caudata afforded a new diterpenoid, ent-trachyloban-4beta-ol (2), and five known ent-trachylobane or ent-atisane compounds. only ent-trachyloban-18-oic acid (1) exhibited weak binding activity to bcl-xl. these compounds exhibited cytotoxicity against kb and hct-116 cell lines with ic(50) values between 10 and 30 microm. bioconversion of compound 1 by rhizopus arrhizus afforded new hydroxylated metabolites ...201020481544
the endothelial cell receptor grp78 is required for mucormycosis pathogenesis in diabetic mice.mucormycosis is a fungal infection of the sinuses, brain, or lungs that causes a mortality rate of at least 50% despite first-line therapy. because angioinvasion is a hallmark of mucormycosis infections, we sought to define the endothelial cell receptor(s) for fungi of the order mucorales (the fungi that cause mucormycosis). furthermore, since patients with elevated available serum iron, including those with diabetic ketoacidosis (dka), are uniquely susceptible to mucormycosis, we sought to defi ...201020484814
structure, function, and phylogeny of the mating locus in the rhizopus oryzae complex.the rhizopus oryzae species complex is a group of zygomycete fungi that are common, cosmopolitan saprotrophs. some strains are used beneficially for production of asian fermented foods but they can also act as opportunistic human pathogens. although r. oryzae reportedly has a heterothallic (+/-) mating system, most strains have not been observed to undergo sexual reproduction and the genetic structure of its mating locus has not been characterized. here we report on the mating behavior and genet ...201021151560
expression and characterization of fifteen rhizopus oryzae 99-880 polygalacturonase enzymes in pichia pastoris.polygalacturonase (pg) enzymes hydrolyze the long polygalacturonic acid chains found in the smooth regions of pectin. interest in this enzyme class continues due to their ability to macerate tissues of economically important crops and their use in a number of industrial processes. rhizopus oryzae has a large pg gene family with 15 of 18 genes encoding unique active enzymes. the pg enzymes, 12 endo-pg and 3 exo-galacturonases, were expressed in pichia pastoris and purified enabling biochemical ch ...201021161225
pyogenic liver abscess and peritonitis due to rhizopus oryzae in a child with papillon-lefevre syndrome.papillon-lefevre syndrome (pls) is an autosomal recessive disease that is characterized by symmetric palmoplantar keratodermatitis and severe periodontal destruction. mutations in the cathepsin c gene (ctsc) have recently been detected in pls. immune dysregulation, due to a mutation in ctsc, increases the risk of pyogenic infections in pls patients. a child with pls is presented here with liver abscesses and peritonitis caused by rhizopus oryzae. his liver abscess and peritonitis were cured with ...201021165748
a large scale enzyme screen in the search for new methods of silicon-oxygen bond formation.biotransformations make use of biological systems to catalyze or promote specific chemical reactions. transformations that utilize enzymes as "greener" and milder catalysts compared to traditional reaction conditions are of particular interest. recently, organosilicon compounds have begun to be explored as non-natural enzymatic substrates for biotransformations. the aims of this study were to screen readily available (approximately eighty) enzymes for their ability to catalyze in vitro siloxane ...201021194627
identification and partial characterization of rhizopus nigricans gβ proteins and their expression in the presence of progesterone.the mammalian steroid hormone progesterone actuates a signalling pathway in the zygomycete rhizopus nigricans which includes heterotrimeric g proteins. to investigate the possibility that the gβ subunit of these proteins is involved in the signalling, a cdna library from r. nigricans exposed to progesterone was prepared and a sequence coding for a gβ subunit was searched for. using degenerate primers, two sequences, rngpb1 and rngpb2, were identified that exhibited a high degree of identity with ...201021195176
expression and characterization of fumarase (fumr) from rhizopus oryzae.fumarase catalyzes the reversible hydration of fumarate to l-malate in rhizopus oryzae. a recombinant pet22b-fumr harboring a fumarase gene (fumr) from r. oryzae was constructed for high level expression in e. coli bl21 (de3). the fumr activity was optimal at 30°c and ph 7.2. the enzyme was stable below 45°c and at ph 3.0-9.0. no effects of zn(2+), fe(2+), or edta were observed on enzyme activity. a slight inhibition of fumr activity was seen with mg(2+), while ca(2+) had a small stimulatory eff ...201021215954
production of lactic acid from raw sweet potato powders by rhizopus oryzae immobilized in sodium alginate capsules.rhizopus oryzae immobilized in calcium alginate was applied in lactic acid fermentation with unhydrolyzed raw sweet potato powders as the sole carbon source. the effects of sodium alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration, and the immobilized bead diameter on lactic acid production were investigated. increase in sodium alginate concentration during the gelation process would harden the immobilized capsule, which led to a decrease in lactic acid production. the increase in calcium ch ...201020020223
comparative pharmacodynamics of amphotericin b lipid complex and liposomal amphotericin b in a murine model of pulmonary mucormycosis.we compared the kinetics of amphotericin b (amb) lung accumulation and fungal clearance by liposomal amphotericin b (l-amb) and amphotericin b lipid complex (ablc) in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis (ipm). immunosuppressed balb/c mice were inoculated with 1 x 10(6) rhizopus oryzae spores and administered l-amb or ablc at daily intravenous doses of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg of body weight for 5 days starting 12 h after infection. at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, both l-amb and abl ...201020038620
optimization of lactic acid production by pellet-form rhizopus oryzae in 3-l airlift bioreactor using response surface methodology.the influence of two key environmental factors, ph and oxygen transfer coefficient (k(l)a), was evaluated on the lactic acid production as the main answer and, on the size of cell pellets of the fungal strain rhizopus oryzae kps106, as second dependant answer by response surface methodology using a central composite design. the results of the analysis of variance and modeling demonstrated that ph and k(l)a had a significant effect on lactic acid production by this strain. however, no interaction ...201020091139
cunninghamella bertholletiae exhibits increased resistance to human neutrophils with or without antifungal agents as compared to rhizopus spp.among zygomycetes, cunninghamella bertholletiae occurs less frequently as the etiologic agent of human disease but causes more aggressive, refractory, and fatal infections despite antifungal therapy. little is known about the differential innate host response against cunninghamella and other zygomycetes in the presence of antifungal agents. we therefore studied the activity of human neutrophils (pmns) alone or in combination with caspofungin, posaconazole (psc), and voriconazole (vrc) against hy ...201020100138
effects of tertiary treatment by fungi on organic compounds in a kraft pulp mill effluent.pulp and paper mills generate a plethora of pollutants depending upon the type of pulping process. efforts to mitigate the environmental impact of such effluents have been made by developing more effective biological treatment systems in terms of biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, colour and lignin content. this study is the first that reports an evaluation of the effects of a tertiary treatment by fungi (pleurotus sajor caju, trametes versicolor and phanerochaete chrysosporium a ...201020101467
in vitro interaction of posaconazole with calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus against zygomycetes.zygomycosis is an uncommon but devastating disease with few therapeutic options. calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus (mtor inhibitor), commonly used in transplant patients as immunosuppressives, have antifungal activity. they are known to demonstrate synergy with triazoles against certain fungi, though limited data exist about their activity against zygomycetes. our aim was to study the in vitro interaction of posaconazole with calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus against zygomycetes.201020130026
utilization of protein extract from dairy manure as a nitrogen source by rhizopus oryzae nrrl-395 for l-lactic acid production.six levels of crude protein (0.21, 0.42, 0.84, 1.68, 2.52, and 3.36g/l) and six levels of protein hydrolysates from dairy manure, defined by degree of hydrolysis (dh, 6.9%, 17.2%, 25.9%, 33.8%, 36.1%, and 36.7%), were investigated as the nitrogen source for production of l-lactic acid by rhizopus oryzae nrrl-395 with respect to the influence of nitrogen source on l-lactic acid yield and the correlation with biomass yield and mycelia morphology. increases in crude protein from 0.21 to 1.68g/l led ...201020133131
modulation of enzyme activities of a lead-adapted strain of rhizopus arrhizus during bioaccumulation of lead.activity of some enzymes of a pb-adapted strain of rhizopus arrhizus augmented significantly during bioaccumulation of pb from a chemically defined medium. the mycelium of a pb-adapted strain exposed to 1 microg/ml pb in a defined medium for 10 d at 28 +/- 2 degrees c exhibited, relative to a wild-type strain, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e. sod, cat and gpx and of enzymes like ap and ppo involved in defense against pathogens. another response is a significant increase in the c ...201020140717
correlation between in vitro activity of posaconazole and in vivo efficacy against rhizopus oryzae infection in mice.we have evaluated the in vitro activity of posaconazole (psc) against 50 clinical strains of rhizopus oryzae using a broth microdilution method, the neo-sensitabs tablet diffusion method, and minimal fungicidal concentration (mfc) determination. in general, psc showed low mics against this fungus, and the mics correlated with the inhibition zone diameters. most of the mfcs, however, were from 1 to 4 dilutions higher than their corresponding mics. we then investigated the efficacies of several di ...201020145077
structural homologies, importance for catalysis and lipid binding of the n-terminal peptide of a fungal and a pancreatic lipase.lipases share an overall alpha/beta hydrolase fold structure characteristic of serine hydrolases. nevertheless, each lipases group possesses its characteristic 3-d structure and catalytic properties. the purified n-terminal truncated forms of a pancreatic (from ostrich) and a fungal (from rhizopus oryzae, rol32) (sayari et al., 2005) lipases displayed much lower activities as compared to the native proteins. the aim of this study is to explain this common functional feature on a structural basis ...201020214648
a novel honeycomb matrix for cell immobilization to enhance lactic acid production by rhizopus oryzae.a new support matrix inspired by honeycomb was developed for cell immobilization to control fungal morphology and enhance mass transfer in bioreactor for lactic acid production by rhizopus oryzae. the immobilization matrix composed of asterisk-shaped fibrous matrices in a honeycomb configuration provided high surface areas for cell attachment and biofilm growth. more than 90% of inoculated spores were adsorbed onto the matrices within 6-8h and after 10h there was no suspended cell in the ferment ...201020219359
enhancement of fumaric acid production by rhizopus oryzae using a two-stage dissolved oxygen control strategy.batch fermentative production of fumaric acid by rhizopus oryzae me-f12 was investigated in a 7-l stirred tank fermentor under different dissolved oxygen (do) concentrations. high fumaric acid yield on glucose (0.56 g/g) was achieved under high do concentration (80%), but the glucose consumption rate and fumaric acid productivity were rather low (0.91 and 0.51 g/l/h). fumaric acid productivity was enhanced under low do concentration (30%), but the fuamric acid yield on glucose decreased to 0.52 ...201019936636
development of batch and continuous processes on biodiesel production in a packed-bed reactor by a mixture of immobilized candida rugosa and rhizopus oryzae lipases.in this study, transesterification and esterification were investigated in batch and continuous process using immobilized candida rugosa and rhizopus oryzae lipases. in the case of batch process, stepwise reaction method was investigated to prevent the lipase deactivation. reaction conditions were as follows: temperature, 45 degrees c; agitation speed, 250 rpm; enzyme concentration, 20%; and water contents 10%. and then, conversion yield was 98.33% at 4 h. in the case of continuous process, circ ...201019898962
novel strategy for yeast construction using delta-integration and cell fusion to efficiently produce ethanol from raw starch.we developed a novel strategy for constructing yeast to improve levels of amylase gene expression and the practical potential of yeast by combining delta-integration and polyploidization through cell fusion. streptococcus bovis alpha-amylase and rhizopus oryzae glucoamylase/alpha-agglutinin fusion protein genes were integrated into haploid yeast strains. diploid strains were constructed from these haploid strains by mating, and then a tetraploid strain was constructed by cell fusion. the alpha-a ...201019707752
fungal biomass is a key factor affecting polymorphonuclear leucocyte-induced hyphal damage of filamentous fungi.previous studies have not systematically assessed the effect of fungal biomass on polymorphonuclear leucocyte (pmn)-induced hyphal damage (hd) of filamentous fungi. we hypothesised that fungal biomass is a significant factor affecting pmn-induced hd. one isolate each consisting of a volume of 2 x 10(4) conidia ml(-1) of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, rhizopus oryzae, rhizopus microsporus, cunninghamella bertholletiae, scedosporium prolificans and fusarium solani ...201019638003
effect of a buffer mixture system on the activity of lipases during immobilization process.in this study, the effects of various buffers and ionic strengths on the immobilization of candida rugosa and rhizopus oryzae lipases were investigated to enhance the activities of the immobilized lipases. among the various buffers, the optimal buffers and ionic strength for the immobilization of c. rugosa and r. oryzae lipases were determined to be a mixture of 0.25m mops and sodium phosphate buffer (ph 6.5). moreover, the activities of immobilized c. rugosa and r. oryzae lipases under their op ...201019361984
antifungal activity of colistin against mucorales species in vitro and in a murine model of rhizopus oryzae pulmonary infection.in immunosuppressed hosts, mucormycosis is a life-threatening infection with few treatment options. we studied the activity of colistin (polymyxin e) against mucorales species in vitro and in a murine model of pulmonary rhizopus oryzae infection. colistin exhibited fungicidal activity in vitro against mucorales spores and mycelia. at the colistin mic, initial r. oryzae hyphal damage was followed by rapid regrowth; however, regrowth was prevented by combining colistin with a subinhibitory concent ...201019858263
in vitro interactions between primycin and different statins in their effects against some clinically important fungi.the in vitro antifungal activities of primycin (pn) and various statins against some opportunistic pathogenic fungi were investigated. pn completely inhibited the growth of candida albicans (mic 64 microg ml(-1)) and candida glabrata (mic 32 microg ml(-1)), and was very effective against paecilomyces variotii (mic 2 microg ml(-1)), but had little effect on aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus or rhizopus oryzae (mics >64 microg ml(-1)). the fungi exhibited different degrees of sensitivity t ...201019875509
optimization of biodiesel production catalyzed by fungus cells immobilized in fibrous supports.a circulating packed-bed bioreactor system using fibrous nonwoven fabric as the immobilization matrix was suitable for simultaneous cell growth and immobilization of rhizopus oryzae fungus cells, which could be used for lipase-mediated production of biodiesel by methanolysis of soybean oil. response surface methodology and 5-level-5-factor central composite rotatable design was proved to be a powerful tool for the optimization of methanolysis conditions catalyzed by immobilized r. oryzae whole c ...201019777379
interaction of malathion, an organophosphorus pesticide with rhizopus oryzae biomass.adsorption of malathion on rhizopus oryzae biomass (rob) with special reference to binding mechanism has been described. rob has been found to adsorb approximately 85% of malathion from its aqueous solution as against 47-68% by other fungal biomasses. hydrogen ion concentration does not influence the adsorption of malathion by rob which follows langmuir-freundlich dual equilibrium isotherm model (r(2)=0.998). both physical and chemical interactions are responsible for binding of malathion on rob ...201019783095
production of lactic acid and ethanol by rhizopus oryzae integrated with cassava pulp hydrolysis.cassava pulp was hydrolyzed with acids or enzymes. a high glucose concentration (>100 g/l) was obtained from the hydrolysis with 1 n hcl at 121 degrees c, 15 min or with cellulase and amylases. while a high glucose yield (>0.85 g/g dry pulp) was obtained from the hydrolysis with hcl, enzymatic hydrolysis yielded only 0.4 g glucose/g dry pulp. these hydrolysates were used as the carbon source in fermentation by rhizopus oryzae nrrl395. r. oryzae could not grow in media containing the hydrolysates ...201019533174
identification of an invasive infection of r. oryzae in a haematological patient using a molecular technique.we report a case of cerebral mucormycosis in a 28-year-old male who was affected by chronic myeloid leukaemia and underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. nine months post-transplantation, he was admitted to the hospital with fever, bilateral eyelid oedema and neutropenia. x-ray analysis showed numerous areas of pulmonary parenchymal thickening, and a computed tomography scan of the brain showed inflammation of the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses and diffuse swellin ...201019302460
screening of food grade lipases to be used in esterification and interesterification reactions of industrial interest.seven food grade commercially available lipases were immobilized by covalent binding on polysiloxane-polyvinyl alcohol (pos-pva) hybrid composite and screened to mediate reactions of industrial interest. the synthesis of butyl butyrate and the interesterification of tripalmitin with triolein were chosen as model reactions. the highest esterification activity (240.63 microm/g min) was achieved by candida rugosa lipase, while the highest interesterification yield (31%, in 72 h) was achieved by lip ...201019263247
basilar artery occlusion after multifactor coagulopathy including rhizopus oryzae infection in burns.the authors report a case of a 29-year-old male patient with severe burn injuries (54% tbsa) and inhalation injury. he developed a candidemia and a cutaneous zygomycotic superinfection with rhizopus oryzae while he received burn intensive care. despite aggressive surgery, sepsis persisted, and therapy was limited by uncontrollable coagulopathy and catecholamine refractory shock after 15 days. autopsy revealed a thromboembolic occlusion of the basilar artery that resulted in liquefactive necrosis ...201020859211
soft rot on cucumis melo var. makuwa caused by rhizopus oryzae.rhizopus oryzae is reported for the first time on cucumis melo l. var. makuwa makino. a detailed description of this korean specimen is given, along with its rdna internal transcribed spacer sequence. on the basis of mycological characteristics and molecular data, the fungus was identified as r. oryzae went & prinsen geerligs.201023956677
optimization of the heterologous production of a rhizopus oryzae lipase in pichia pastoris system using mixed substrates on controlled fed-batch bioprocess.in this work a systematic study of the influence of methanol set-point and sorbitol feeding rate in fed-batch operation with a pichia pastoris mut(s) strain producing rhizopus oryzae lipase is presented. different experiments were made at a constant methanol set-point of 0.5, 2 and 4gl(-1), controlled by a predictive algorithm at two different sorbitol feeding rates to assure a constant specific growth rate of 0.01 and 0.02h(-1), by means of a pre-programmed exponential feeding rate strategy. li ...201025919625
adsorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) on rhizopus oryzae cell walls: application of cosolvent models for validating the cell wall-water partition coefficient.the cell wall-cosolvent partition coefficients (km) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were determined for rhizopus oryzae cell walls by controlling the volume fraction of methanol (f) ranging from 0.1 to 0.5. five cosolvent models were employed for extrapolating the cell wall-water partition coefficients (kw) in pure water. the extrapolated kw values of four pahs on r. oryzae cell walls were ranged from 2.9 to 5.1. comparison of various kw values of pyrene generated from extrapolation a ...201121944283
Production of phytase under solid-state fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae: novel strain improvement approach and studies on purification and characterization.Present study introduces linseed oil cake as a novel substrate for phytase production by Rhizopus oryzae. Statistical approach was employed to optimize various medium components under solid state fermentation (SSF). An overall 8.41-fold increase in phytase production was achieved at the optimum concentrations (w/w, mannitol, 2.05%; ammonium sulfate, 2.84% and phosphate, 0.38%). Further enhancement by 59% was observed due to a novel strain improvement approach. Purified phytase (~34 kDa) showed o ...201121945206
production of recombinant rhizopus oryzae lipase by the yeast yarrowia lipolytica results in increased enzymatic thermostability.the gene encoding rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) was expressed in the non-conventional yeast yarrowia lipolytica under the control of the strong inducible xpr2 gene promoter. the effects of three different preprosequence variants were examined: a preprosequence of the y. lipolytica alkaline extracellular protease (aep) encoded by xpr2, the native preprosequence of rol, and a hybrid variant of the presequence of aep and the prosequence of rol. lipase production was highest (7.6u/ml) with the hybrid ...201122155648
Water activity dependence of performance of surface-displayed lipase in yeast cells: A unique water requirement for enzymatic synthetic reaction in organic media.Water activity (a(w)) is a crucial parameter affecting enzymatic synthetic reactions in organic media. In this paper, we report on the a(w) dependence of surface-displayed lipases, genetically immobilized on yeast cells via fusion with cell wall proteins. When Saccharomyces cerevisiae displaying Rhizopus oryzae lipase was used for esterification in n-hexane, equilibrating the dried cells with water prior to the reaction markedly increased the reaction rate. An equilibration of the cells with var ...201122112946
molecular and morphological identification of fungal species isolated from bealmijang meju.bealmijang is a short-term aged paste made from meju, which is a brick of fermented soybeans and other ingredients. different types of bealmijang are available depending on the geographic region or ingredients used. however, no study has clarified the microbial diversity of these types. we identified 17 and 14 fungal species from black soybean meju (bsm) and buckwheat meju (bwm), respectively, on the basis of morphology, culture characteristics, and internal transcribed spacer and beta-tubulin g ...201122210613
data partitions, bayesian analysis and phylogeny of the zygomycetous fungal family mortierellaceae, inferred from nuclear ribosomal dna sequences.although the fungal order mortierellales constitutes one of the largest classical groups of zygomycota, its phylogeny is poorly understood and no modern taxonomic revision is currently available. in the present study, 90 type and reference strains were used to infer a comprehensive phylogeny of mortierellales from the sequence data of the complete its region and the lsu and ssu genes with a special attention to the monophyly of the genus mortierella. out of 15 alternative partitioning strategies ...201122102902
functional co-evolutionary study of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase in mycoses causing fungi.invasive fungal opportunistic infections or mycoses have been on the rise with increase in the number of immuno-compromised patients accounting for associated high morbidity and mortality rates. the antifungal drugs are not completely effective due to increased resistance and varied susceptibility of fungi. hence, the functional diversification study of novel targets has to be carried out. the enzyme glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase [ec 2.6.1.16], a novel drug target, catalyzes the rate-limiting ...201121904431
evaluation of luminex xtag fungal analyte-specific reagents for rapid identification of clinically relevant fungi.invasive fungal infections (ifi) remain a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. current diagnostic methods, including fungal culture and antigen detection, are slow and often lack specificity. rapid diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity and specificity could improve the care of patients with ifi. recently, luminex molecular diagnostics (toronto, canada) developed 23 analyte-specific reagents (asrs) for the detection of the most common clinically relevant fungi. this study's objective ...201121880976
[Metabolic engineering of wild acid-resistant yeast for L-lactic acid production].In order to obtain a yeast strain able to produce L-lactic acid under the condition of low pH and high lactate content, one wild acid-resistant yeast strain isolated from natural samples, was found to be able to grow well in YEPD medium (20 g/L glucose, 20 g/L tryptone, 10 g/L yeast extract, adjusted pH 2.5 with lactic acid) without consuming lactic acid. Based on further molecular biological tests, the strain was identified as Candida magnolia. Then, the gene ldhA, encoding a lactate dehydrogen ...201122016986
development of a low ph fermentation strategy for fumaric acid production by rhizopus oryzae.dicarboxylic acids that are produced from renewable resources are becoming attractive building blocks for the polymers industry. in this respect, fumaric acid is very interesting. its low aqueous solubility facilitates product recovery. to avoid excessive waste salt production during downstream processing, a low ph for fumaric acid fermentation will be beneficial. studying the influence of ph, working volume and shaking frequency on cell cultivation helped us to identify the best conditions to o ...201122112769
Epidural abscess in the spine extended from pulmonary zygomycosis during consolidation chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.A 37-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed fever and pneumonia during persistent neutropenia after consolidation chemotherapy. Pneumonia was rapidly followed by the formation of abscess in adjacent subcutaneous tissues, muscles and bones. She subsequently developed sudden onset of paraplegia and loss of all sensation below Th4. Epidural abscess was detected by MRI. Emergency drainage was performed, but the patient died 4 days after the operation. Rhizopus oryzae grew from cu ...201121897081
transformation of (±)-lavandulol and (±)-tetrahydrolavandulol by a fungal strain rhizopus oryzae.biotransformation of an irregular monoterpene alcohol, (±)-lavandulol [(±)-5-methyl-2-(1-methylethenyl)-4-hexen-1-ol] (i) and its tetrahydro derivative, (±)-tetrahydrolavandulol [(±)-2-isopropyl-5-methylhexan-1-ol] (ii) were studied using a soil isolated fungal strain rhizopus oryzae. five metabolites, 2-((3,3-dimethyloxiran-2-yl)methyl)-3-methylbut-3-en-1-ol (ia), 2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hex-2-ene-1,6-diol (ib), 2-methyl-5-(prop-1-en-2-yl)hexane-1,6-diol (ic), 2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3-methyl ...201122153597
fulminant invasive pulmonary mucormycosis with rhizopus oryzae in a patient with severe aplastic anaemia and common variable immunodeficiency. 201121914004
effect of extracellular factors on growth and dimorphism of rhizopus oryzae with multiple enzyme synthesizing ability.rhizopus oryzae pr7 mtcc 9642 was a dimorphic fungus that showed a regular 90 days cycle of filament (mycelium) to pellet (yeast) transformation through a distinct bottom dwelling intermediate state and the pellets never revert back to filamentous form. apart from the normal cycle, high temperature (37°c and above) and extreme ph also induced the yeast formation. among the ions tested, calcium and chloride ions were found to restore the filamentous morphology, even in extreme ph and temperature. ...201123729885
identification and characterization of useful fungi with α-amylase activity from the korean traditional nuruk.the objective of this study was to find useful fungi with α-amylase activity from the korean traditional nuruk for the quality of traditional korean alcoholic beverage. in this study, 165 samples of traditional nuruk were collected from 170 regions throughout korea and the fungi were isolated to a total of 384 strains. in order to investigate the effect of microflora on nuruk, α-amylase activity, saccharogenic power (sp), starch hydrolysis activity and acid producing activity were evaluated. ten ...201122783116
first report of rhizopus oryzae as a postharvest pathogen of apple in korea.soft rot in apple caused by rhizopus oryzae was found for the first time in korea. a detailed description of the specimen is given along with its internal transcribed spacer rdna sequence. the fungus was identified as rhizopus oryzae based on the mycological characteristics, molecular data, and pathogenicity testing.201122783094
codon optimization, expression and enzymatic comparison of rhizopus oryzae lipases pro-rol and m-rol in pichia pastoris.rhizopus oryzae lipase (rol) is not only a biocatalyst used in a broad range of biotechnological fields, but also a model to investigate the function of intramolecular chaperone in the post-translational processing of lipase. in this study, we cloned and expressed the mature lipase gene (m-rol) containing the pre-sequence (pro-rol) of r. oryzae hu3005 in pichia pastoris gs115 and characterized their enzymatic activities. m-rol exhibited higher hydrolysis activity towards middle-chain substrates ...201122506419
molecular docking of glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase in rhizopus oryzae.recent expansion of immunocompromised population has led to significant rise in zygomycosis caused by filamentous fungus rhizopus oryzae. due to emergence of fungal resistance and side-effects of antifungal drugs, there is increased demand for novel drug targets. the current study elucidates molecular interactions of peptide drugs with g-6-p synthase (catalyzing the rate-limiting step of fungal cell wall biosynthetic pathway) of r.oryzae by molecular docking studies. the pdb structures of enzyme ...201122355222
in vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of the seed extract of embelia ribes.antifungal activity of embelia ribes was evaluated on eight different fungal species by employing various concentrations of seed extract (0.5-2.0 mg). all the concentrations of seed extract inhibited the fungal growth, whereas maximum activity was observed at 2.0 mg concentration of seed extract. among different doses, the diameter of inhibition zones ranged from 9 to 18 mm in various fungal species and increased with the increase in the concentration of test solution. among all the fungi, high ...201122303075
production of fumaric acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starchy materials with 2-deoxyglucose-resistant mutant strains of rhizopus oryzae.a mutant strain with high glucoamylase activity and insensitive to catabolite repression was developed to produce fumaric acid by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) of starch without additional commercial glucoamylase supplementation. a series of mutant strains resistant to the non-metabolizable and toxic glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2-dg) were obtained by implanting nitrogen ion (n(+)) into rhizopus oryzae me-f12. among them, the best mutant strain dg-3 produced 39.80 g/l fu ...201122217732
[anaerobic growth ability and alcohol fermentation activity of microscopic fungi].the method proposed in this study was used to isolate fungi grown under anaerobic conditions and to reveal distinctions in their abundance and species composition in different habitats. the ability of micromycetes of different taxa to grow under anaerobic conditions and ensure alcohol fermentation was determined for a representative sample (344 strains belonging to more than 60 species). the group of fungi growing under anaerobic conditions included species with high, moderate, and low fermentat ...201122808743
coinfection by aspergillus and zygomycetes species in a case of acute rhinosinusitis.invasive mycotic infections can be effectively treated if rapid identification of fungus is obtained. we reported a case of coinfection by aspergillus and rhizopus sp. involving nose, paranasal sinuses, orbit, and brain in a 68-year-old known hypertensive male. he was presented to ent opd with history of fever and intermittent headache since fifteen days along with history of right-sided nasal obstruction and proptosis since seven days. ct scan of brain and paranasal sinuses showed findings of p ...201122937365
synthesis of some novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazine derivatives for antimicrobial evaluation.a new series of novel bis[1, 2, 4]triazolo[3, 4-b][1, 3, 4]thiadiazines 7a-j has been synthesized by the reaction of [5, 5'-methylenebis(3-methylbenzofuran-7, 5-diyl)]bis[(4-amino-5-thioxo-4, 5-dihydro-1h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl)methanone] (6) with a variety of phenacyl bromides in ethanol under reflux for 6 h. all the newly synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro activity against certain strains of bacteria such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae and shigella f ...201124062120
carbohydrate-active enzymes from the zygomycete fungus rhizopus oryzae: a highly specialized approach to carbohydrate degradation depicted at genome level.rhizopus oryzae is a zygomycete filamentous fungus, well-known as a saprobe ubiquitous in soil and as a pathogenic/spoilage fungus, causing rhizopus rot and mucomycoses.201121241472
gene cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of a high maltose-producing α-amylase of rhizopus oryzae.a putative α-amylase gene, designated as roamy, was cloned from rhizopus oryzae. the deduced amino acid sequence showed the highest (42.8%) similarity to the α-amylase from trichoderma viride. the roamy gene was successfully expressed in pichia pastoris gs115 under the induction of methanol. the molecular weight of the purified roamy determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was approximately 48 kda. the optimal ph and temperature were 4-6 and 60 °c, respectively. t ...201121243443
isolation, identification and optimization of a new extracellular lipase producing strain of rhizopus sp.a lipolytic mesophilic fungus which produces lipase extracellularly was isolated from soil. based on its1-5.8s-its4 region sequences of ribosomal rna, it was concluded that the isolate jk-1 belongs to genus rhizopus and clades with rhizopus oryzae. the present paper reports the screening, isolation, identification, and optimization of fermentation conditions for the production of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3). culture conditions were optimized, and the highest lipase production was observed in basal mediu ...201121302143
simultaneous detection and identification of aspergillus and mucorales species in tissues collected from patients with fungal rhinosinusitis.rapid detection and differentiation of aspergillus and mucorales species in fungal rhinosinusitis diagnosis are desirable, since the clinical management and prognosis associated with the two taxa are fundamentally different. we describe an assay based on a combination of broad-range pcr amplification and reverse line blot hybridization (pcr/rlb) to detect and differentiate the pathogens causing fungal rhinosinusitis, which include five aspergillus species (a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. t ...201121325541
mechanism of acetaldehyde-induced deactivation of microbial lipases.microbial lipases represent the most important class of biocatalysts used for a wealth of applications in organic synthesis. an often applied reaction is the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of vinyl esters and alcohols resulting in the formation of acetaldehyde which is known to deactivate microbial lipases, presumably by structural changes caused by initial schiff-base formation at solvent accessible lysine residues. previous studies showed that several lipases were sensitive toward acetal ...201121342514
production of fumaric acid by rhizopus oryzae: role of carbon-nitrogen ratio.cytosolic fumarase, a key enzyme for the accumulation of fumaric acid in rhizopus oryzae, catalyzes the dehydration of l-malic acid to fumaric acid. the effects of carbon-nitrogen ratio on the acid production and activity of cytosolic fumarase were investigated. under nitrogen limitation stress, the cytosolic fumarase could keep high activity. with the urea concentration decreased from 2.0 to 0.1 g l?¹, the cytosolic fumarase activity increased by 300% and the production of fumaric acid increase ...201121416336
in vivo regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase in rhizopus oryzae to improve l-lactic acid fermentation.rhizopus oryzae is becoming more important due to its ability to produce an optically pure l: -lactic acid. however, fermentation by rhizopus usually suffers from low yield because of production of ethanol as a byproduct. limiting ethanol production in living immobilized r. oryzae by inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) was observed in shake flask fermentation. the effects of adh inhibitors added into the medium on the regulation of adh and lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) as well as the product ...201121416338
transesterification of phosphatidylcholine in sn-1 position through direct use of lipase-producing rhizopus oryzae cells as whole-cell biocatalyst.the enzymatic process presents an advantage of producing specified phospholipids that rarely exist in nature. in this study, we investigated the regiospecific modification of phosphatidylcholine (pc) in the sn-1 position using immobilized rhizopus oryzae. in a reaction mixture containing egg yolk pc and exogenous lauric acid (la) in n-hexane, lipase-producing r. oryzae cells immobilized within biomass support particles (bsps) showed a much higher transesterification activity than lipase powders. ...201121468705
pentachlorophenol sorption in nylon fiber and removal by immobilized rhizopus oryzae enhe.this study describes pentachlophenol (pcp) sorption in nylon fiber in which rhizopus oryzae enhe was immobilized to remove the chemical compound. the experimental sorption data were analyzed using the langmuir, freundlich, and redlich-peterson isotherm models using non-linear error functions to fit the experimental data to the three models. results showed that the isotherm obtained from the data fitted the three models used. however, the g parameter from redlich-peterson model showed that the is ...201121514996
efficacy of caspofungin in neutropenic and corticosteroid-immunosuppressed murine models of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis.caspofungin (cfg) was tested in neutropenic and corticosteroid-immunosuppressed mice challenged with a lethal sinopulmonary inoculum of rhizopus oryzae. compared to untreated controls, cfg 1 mg/kg/day significantly improved survival (54% vs.19%, p=0.003) and reduced median r. oryzae fungal burden by 1.5 log(10) condial equivalent dna in neutropenic, but not corticosteroid-immunosuppressed animals. cfg 16 mg/kg/day was not significantly better than saline control for treatment of ipm in either ne ...201121537029
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