Publications

open-air biowarfare testing and the evolution of values.	the united states and the united kingdom ended outdoor biological warfare testing in populated areas nearly half a century ago. yet, the conduct, health effects, and propriety of those tests remain controversial. the varied views reflect the limits of currently available test information and evolving societal values on research involving human subjects. western political culture has changed since the early days of the american and british testing programs. people have become less reluctant to qu ...	2016	27564984
enantiomer signature and carbon isotope evidence for the migration and transformation of ddts in arable soils across china.	due to the adverse impact of ddts on ecosystems and humans, a full fate assessment deems a comprehensive study on their occurrence in soils over a large region. through a sampling campaign across china, we measured the concentrations, enantiomeric fractions (efs), compound-specific carbon isotope composition of ddt and its metabolites, and the microbial community in related arable soils. the geographically total ddt concentrations are higher in eastern than western china. the efs and δ(13)c of o ...	2016	27922096
effects of interferons and viruses on metabolism.	interferons (ifns) are potent pleiotropic cytokines that broadly alter cellular functions in response to viral and other infections. these alterations include changes in protein synthesis, proliferation, membrane composition, and the nutritional microenvironment. recent evidence suggests that antiviral responses are supported by an ifn-induced rewiring of the cellular metabolism. in this review, we discuss the roles of type i and type ii ifns in regulating the cellular metabolism and biosyntheti ...	2016	28066439
non-culture methods for detecting infection.		2016	27789929
tiger mosquito - generated devastation in the biosphere!!!		2016	27041891
highlights from the 2016 international symposium on hiv & emerging infectious diseases (isheid): 25-27 may, marseille, france.	for three days in may 2016, the international symposium on hiv & emerging infectious diseases gathered participants from all over the world around the theme 'fighting deadly viruses'. hiv infection remained the main topic of the meeting but hepatitis, ebola and zika viruses as well as other emergent pathogens were also extensively covered. in this article we have tried to summarise what was presented during the plenary lectures, the two keynote lectures, and some of the work accepted for oral pr ...	2016	27482461
arbovirosis and potential transmission blocking vaccines.	infectious diseases caused by arboviruses (viruses transmitted by arthropods) are undergoing unprecedented epidemic activity and geographic expansion. with the recent introduction of west nile virus (1999), chikungunya virus (2013) and zika virus (2015) to the americas, stopping or even preventing the expansion of viruses into susceptible populations is an increasing concern. with a few exceptions, available vaccines protecting against arboviral infections are nonexistent and current disease pre ...	2016	27664127
design and testing of novel lethal ovitrap to reduce populations of aedes mosquitoes: community-based participatory research between industry, academia and communities in peru and thailand.	dengue virus (and chikungunya and zika viruses) is transmitted by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes and causes considerable human morbidity and mortality. as there is currently no vaccine or chemoprophylaxis to protect people from dengue virus infection, vector control is the only viable option for disease prevention. the purpose of this paper is to illustrate the design and placement process for an attractive lethal ovitrap to reduce vector populations and to describe lessons learne ...	2016	27532497
celebration of 60th anniversary of brazilian society for microbiology.		2016	27865633
mosquito-transmitted viruses - the great brazilian challenge.	arboviruses pose a serious threat to public health worldwide, overloading the healthcare system and causing economic losses. these viruses form a very diverse group, and in brazil, arboviruses belonging to the families flaviviridae and togaviridae are predominant. unfortunately, the number of arboviruses increases in proportion with factors such as deforestation, poor sanitation, climate changes, and introduction of new viruses like chikungunya virus and zika virus. in brazil, dengue is endemic, ...	2016	27818091
molecular detection of flaviviruses and alphaviruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from coastal ecosystems in the colombian caribbean.	arboviruses belonging to the genera flavivirus and alphavirus were detected in mosquitoes in a rural area of san bernardo del viento (córdoba, colombia). a total of 22,180 mosquitoes were collected, sorted into 2,102 pools, and tested by generic/nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, dengue virus, west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, and culex flavivirus were detected and identified by sequencing. the detection ...	2016	27706377
a field-deployable reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assay for rapid detection of the chikungunya virus.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne virus currently transmitted in about 60 countries. chikv causes acute flu-like symptoms and in many cases prolonged musculoskeletal and joint pain. detection of the infection is mostly done using rt-rcr or elisa, which are not suitable for point-of-care diagnosis.	2016	27685649
alphavirus infection: host cell shut-off and inhibition of antiviral responses.	alphaviruses cause debilitating disease in humans and animals and are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, typically mosquitoes. with a traditional focus on two models, sindbis virus and semliki forest virus, alphavirus research has significantly intensified in the last decade partly due to the re-emergence and dramatic expansion of chikungunya virus in asia, europe, and the americas. as a consequence, alphavirus-host interactions are now understood in much more molecular detail, and importa ...	2016	27294951
introduction and transmission of zika virus in brazil: new challenges for the americas.		2016	27007567
pre-cut filter paper for detecting anti-japanese encephalitis virus igm from dried cerebrospinal fluid spots.	the use of filter paper as a simple, inexpensive tool for storage and transportation of blood, 'dried blood spots' or guthrie cards, for diagnostic assays is well-established. in contrast, there are a paucity of diagnostic evaluations of dried cerebrospinal fluid (csf) spots. these have potential applications in low-resource settings, such as laos, where laboratory facilities for central nervous system (cns) diagnostics are only available in vientiane. in laos, a major cause of cns infection is ...	2016	26986061
comparative genomic analysis of pre-epidemic and epidemic zika virus strains for virological factors potentially associated with the rapidly expanding epidemic.	less than 20 sporadic cases of human zika virus (zikv) infection were reported in africa and asia before 2007, but large outbreaks involving up to 73% of the populations on the pacific islands have started since 2007, and spread to the americas in 2014. moreover, the clinical manifestation of zikv infection has apparently changed, as evident by increasing reports of neurological complications, such as guillain-barré syndrome in adults and congenital anomalies in neonates. we comprehensively comp ...	2016	26980239
outbreak of zika virus disease in the americas and the association with microcephaly, congenital malformations and guillain-barré syndrome.		2016	26998633
causal or not: applying the bradford hill aspects of evidence to the association between zika virus and microcephaly.		2016	26976611
zika virus and pregnancy: a review of the literature and clinical considerations.	the latest zika virus (zikv) outbreak has reached epidemic proportions as it spreads throughout south and central america. in november 2015, the brazilian ministry of health reported a 20-fold increase in the number of cases of neonatal microcephaly, which corresponds geographically and temporally to the zikv outbreak. case reports have provided some evidence of a causal link between maternal zikv infection, fetal microcephaly, and intracranial calcifications. the sparse data regarding zikv in p ...	2016	26939047
zika virus: medical countermeasure development challenges.	reports of high rates of primary microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome associated with zika virus infection in french polynesia and brazil have raised concerns that the virus circulating in these regions is a rapidly developing neuropathic, teratogenic, emerging infectious public health threat. there are no licensed medical countermeasures (vaccines, therapies or preventive drugs) available for zika virus infection and disease. the pan american health organization (paho) predicts that zika vi ...	2016	26934531
zika virus: diagnostics for an emerging pandemic threat.	zika virus (zikv) is anaedesmosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in brazil in 2015 and then rapidly spread throughout the tropical and subtropical americas. based on clinical criteria alone, zikv cannot be reliably distinguished from infections with other pathogens that cause an undifferentiated systemic febrile illness, including infections with two common arboviruses, dengue virus and chikungunya virus. this minireview details the methods that are available to diagnose zikv infection.	2016	26888897
a rapid and improved method to generate recombinant dengue virus vaccine candidates.	dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne infections accounting for severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. recently, the tetravalent chimeric live attenuated dengue vaccine dengvaxia® was approved for use in several dengue endemic countries. in general, live attenuated vaccines (lav) are very efficacious and offer long-lasting immunity against virus-induced disease. rationally designed lavs can be generated through reverse genetics technology, a method of generating infectious recomb ...	2016	27008550
zika virus: new clinical syndromes and its emergence in the western hemisphere.	zika virus (zikv) had remained a relatively obscure flavivirus until a recent series of outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical complications brought this virus into the spotlight as causing an infection of global public health concern. in this review, we discuss the history and epidemiology of zikv infection, recent outbreaks in oceania and the emergence of zikv in the western hemisphere, newly ascribed complications of zikv infection, including guillain-barré syndrome and microce ...	2016	26962217
mapping global environmental suitability for zika virus.	zika virus was discovered in uganda in 1947 and is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, which also act as vectors for dengue and chikungunya viruses throughout much of the tropical world. in 2007, an outbreak in the federated states of micronesia sparked public health concern. in 2013, the virus began to spread across other parts of oceania and in 2015, a large outbreak in latin america began in brazil. possible associations with microcephaly and guillain-barré syndrome observed in this outbreak hav ...	2016	27090089
the global spread of zika virus: is public and media concern justified in regions currently unaffected?	zika virus, an aedes mosquito-borne flavivirus, is fast becoming a worldwide public health concern following its suspected association with over 4000 recent cases of microcephaly among newborn infants in brazil.	2016	27093860
zika virus: the latest newcomer.	since the beginning of this century, humanity has been facing a new emerging, or re-emerging, virus threat almost every year: west nile, influenza a, avian flu, dengue, chikungunya, sars, mers, ebola, and now zika, the latest newcomer. zika virus (zikv), a flavivirus transmitted by aedes mosquitoes, was identified in 1947 in a sentinel monkey in uganda, and later on in humans in nigeria. the virus was mainly confined to the african continent until it was detected in south-east asia the 1980's, t ...	2016	27148186
clinical and epidemiological characterization of laboratory-confirmed autochthonous cases of zika virus disease in mexico.	since 2014, autochthonous circulation of zika virus (zikv) in the americas was detected (easter island, chile). in may 2015, brazil confirmed autochthonous --transmission and in october of that year colombia reported their first cases. now more than 52 countries have reported cases, including mexico. to deal with this contingency in mexico, several surveillance systems, in addition to systems for vector-borne diseases were strengthened with the participation of all health institutions. also, th ...	2016	27158557
recovery of west nile virus envelope protein domain iii chimeras with altered antigenicity and mouse virulence.	flaviviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded rna viruses responsible for millions of human infections annually. the envelope (e) protein of flaviviruses comprises three structural domains, of which domain iii (eiii) represents a discrete subunit. the eiii gene sequence typically encodes epitopes recognized by virus-specific, potently neutralizing antibodies, and eiii is believed to play a major role in receptor binding. in order to assess potential interactions between eiii and the remainder ...	2016	26912625
zika virus infections imported from brazil to portugal, 2015.	zika virus is an emerging arbovirus transmitted by aedes sp. mosquitoes like the dengue and chikungunya viruses. zika virus was until recently considered a mild pathogenic mosquito-borne flavivirus with very few reported benign human infections. in 2007, an epidemic in micronesia initiated the turnover in the epidemiological history of zika virus and more recently, the potential association with congenital microcephaly cases in brazil 2015, still under investigation, led the world health organiz ...	2016	27134823
estimating risks of importation and local transmission of zika virus infection.	background. an international spread of zika virus (zikv) infection has attracted global attention. zikv is conveyed by a mosquito vector, aedes species, which also acts as the vector species of dengue and chikungunya viruses. methods. arrival time of zikv importation (i.e., the time at which the first imported case was diagnosed) in each imported country was collected from publicly available data sources. employing a survival analysis model in which the hazard is an inverse function of the effec ...	2016	27069825
identify-isolate-inform: a tool for initial detection and management of zika virus patients in the emergency department.	first isolated in 1947 from a monkey in the zika forest in uganda, and from mosquitoes in the same forest the following year, zika virus has gained international attention due to concerns for infection in pregnant women potentially causing fetal microcephaly. more than one million people have been infected since the appearance of the virus in brazil in 2015. approximately 80% of infected patients are asymptomatic. an association with microcephaly and other birth defects as well as guillain-barre ...	2016	27330653
preparedness for zika virus testing in the world health organization western pacific region.	on 1 february 2016, the world health organization (who) declared that clusters of microcephaly cases and other neurological disorders occurring in zika virus (zikv)-affected areas constituted a public health emergency of international concern. increased surveillance of the virus, including the requirement for laboratory confirmation of infection, was recommended. the who regional office for the western pacific therefore initiated a rapid survey among national-level public health laboratories in ...	2016	27757256
the 3.8 å resolution cryo-em structure of zika virus.	the recent rapid spread of zika virus and its unexpected linkage to birth defects and an autoimmune neurological syndrome have generated worldwide concern. zika virus is a flavivirus like the dengue, yellow fever, and west nile viruses. we present the 3.8 angstrom resolution structure of mature zika virus, determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em). the structure of zika virus is similar to other known flavivirus structures, except for the ~10 amino acids that surround the asn(154) glycosy ...	2016	27033547
a possible mechanism of zika virus associated microcephaly: imperative role of retinoic acid response element (rare) consensus sequence repeats in the viral genome.	owing to the reports of microcephaly as a consistent outcome in the fetuses of pregnant women infected with zikv in brazil, zika virus (zikv)-microcephaly etiomechanistic relationship has recently been implicated. researchers, however, are still struggling to establish an embryological basis for this interesting causal handcuff. the present study reveals robust evidence in favor of a plausible zikv-microcephaly cause-effect liaison. the rationale is based on: (1) sequence homology between zikv g ...	2016	27555815
longitudinal analysis of natural killer cells in dengue virus-infected patients in comparison to chikungunya and chikungunya/dengue virus-infected patients.	dengue virus (denv) is the most prominent arbovirus worldwide, causing major epidemics in south-east asia, south america and africa. in 2010, a major denv-2 outbreak occurred in gabon with cases of patients co-infected with chikungunya virus (chikv). although the innate immune response is thought to be of primordial importance in the development and outcome of arbovirus-associated pathologies, our knowledge of the role of natural killer (nk) cells during denv-2 infection is in its infancy.	2016	26938618
a tetravalent sub-unit dengue vaccine formulated with ionizable cationic lipid nanoparticle induces significant immune responses in rodents and non-human primates.	dengue virus has emerged as an important arboviral infection worldwide. as a complex pathogen, with four distinct serotypes, the development of a successful dengue virus vaccine has proven to be challenging. here, we describe a novel dengue vaccine candidate that contains truncated, recombinant, dengue virus envelope protein from all four dengue virus serotypes (den-80e) formulated with ionizable cationic lipid nanoparticles (lnps). immunization studies in mice, guinea pigs, and in rhesus macaqu ...	2016	27703172
illustrating and homology modeling the proteins of the zika virus.	the zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus of the family flaviviridae, which is similar to dengue virus, yellow fever and west nile virus. recent outbreaks in south america, latin america, the caribbean and in particular brazil have led to concern for the spread of the disease and potential to cause guillain-barré syndrome and microcephaly. although zikv has been known of for over 60 years there is very little in the way of knowledge of the virus with few publications and no crystal structures. no an ...	2016	27746901
contribution of intertwined loop to membrane association revealed by zika virus full-length ns1 structure.	the association of zika virus (zikv) infections with microcephaly and neurological diseases has highlighted an emerging public health concern. here, we report the crystal structure of the full-length zikv nonstructural protein 1 (ns1), a major host-interaction molecule that functions in flaviviral replication, pathogenesis, and immune evasion. of note, a long intertwined loop is observed in the wing domain of zikv ns1, and forms a hydrophobic "spike", which can contribute to cellular membrane as ...	2016	27578809
molecular diagnosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome caused by puumala virus.	rodent-borne hantaviruses cause two severe acute diseases: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hfrs) in eurasia, and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (hps; also called hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome [hcps]) in the americas. puumala virus (puuv) is the most common causative agent of hfrs in europe. current routine diagnostic methods are based on serological analyses and can yield inconclusive results. hantavirus-infected patients are viremic during the early phase of disease; therefore, dete ...	2016	26962084
zika virus and its implication in transfusion safety.		2016	26969782
fast type i interferon response protects astrocytes from flavivirus infection and virus-induced cytopathic effects.	neurotropic flaviviruses such as tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), japanese encephalitis virus (jev), west nile virus (wnv), and zika virus (zikv) are causative agents of severe brain-related diseases including meningitis, encephalitis, and microcephaly. we have previously shown that local type i interferon response within the central nervous system (cns) is involved in the protection of mice against tick-borne flavivirus infection. however, the cells responsible for mounting this protective ...	2016	27776548
rapid detection strategies for the global threat of zika virus: current state, new hypotheses, and limitations.	the current scenario regarding the widespread zika virus (zikv) has resulted in numerous diagnostic studies, specifically in south america and in locations where there is frequent entry of travelers returning from zikv-affected areas, including pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of zikv infection. the world health organization, who, announced that millions of cases of zikv are likely to occur in the usa in the near future. this situation has created an alarming public health emerge ...	2016	27822207
use of unamplified rna/cdna-hybrid nanopore sequencing for rapid detection and characterization of rna viruses.	nanopore sequencing, a novel genomics technology, has potential applications for routine biosurveillance, clinical diagnosis, and outbreak investigation of virus infections. using rapid sequencing of unamplified rna/cdna hybrids, we identified venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and ebola virus in 3 hours from sample receipt to data acquisition, demonstrating a fieldable technique for rna virus characterization.	2016	27191483
characterization of a novel murine model to study zika virus.	the mosquito-borne zika virus (zikv) is responsible for an explosive ongoing outbreak of febrile illness across the americas. zikv was previously thought to cause only a mild, flu-like illness, but during the current outbreak, an association with guillain-barré syndrome and microcephaly in neonates has been detected. a previous study showed that zikv requires murine adaptation to generate reproducible murine disease. in our study, a low-passage cambodian isolate caused disease and mortality in m ...	2016	27022155
priorities and needs for research on urban interventions targeting vector-borne diseases: rapid review of scoping and systematic reviews.	this paper highlights the critical importance of evidence on vector-borne diseases (vbd) prevention and control interventions in urban settings when assessing current and future needs, with a view to setting policy priorities that promote inclusive and equitable urban health services. research should produce knowledge about policies and interventions that are intended to control and prevent vbds at the population level and to reduce inequities. such interventions include policy, program, and res ...	2016	27903305
complete genome sequences of zika virus strains isolated from the blood of patients in thailand in 2014 and the philippines in 2012.	here, we present the complete genome sequences of two zika virus (zikv) strains, zika virus/homo sapiens-tc/tha/2014/sv0127-14 and zika virus/h. sapiens-tc/phl/2012/cpc-0740, isolated from the blood of patients collected in thailand, 2014, and the philippines, 2012, respectively. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that both strains belong to the asian lineage.	2016	27174274
dengue research: a bibliometric analysis of worldwide and arab publications during 1872-2015.	dengue is an important emerging and re-emerging arboviral infection globally as a rapidly growing and widespread public health problem, with transmission occurring in more than 128 countries in asia, americas, southeast africa, western pacific, and eastern mediterranean regions. therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize and quantify the scientific output of dengue research in arab countries relative to that worldwide by using a bibliometric analysis.	2016	27154247
a susceptible mouse model for zika virus infection.	zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne pathogen which has recently spread beyond africa and into pacific and south american regions. despite first being detected in 1947, very little information is known about the virus, and its spread has been associated with increases in guillain-barre syndrome and microcephaly. there are currently no known vaccines or antivirals against zikv infection. progress in assessing interventions will require the development of animal models to test efficacies; however ...	2016	27149521
nucleotide composition of the zika virus rna genome and its codon usage.	rna viruses have genomes with a distinct nucleotide composition and codon usage. we present the global characteristics of the rna genome of zika virus (zikv), an emerging pathogen within the flavivirus genus. zikv was first isolated in 1947 in uganda, caused a widespread epidemic in south and central america and the caribbean in 2015 and has recently been associated with microcephaly in newborns.	2016	27278486
pathogenesis of zika virus-associated embryopathy.	a strong causal association has become evident between zika virus (zikv) infection during pregnancy and the occurrence of fetal growth restriction, microcephaly and eye defects. circumstantial evidence is presented in this paper in support of the hypothesis that these effects, as well as the guillain-barré syndrome, are due to an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis a resulting from zikv infection-induced damage to the liver and the spillage of stored vitamin a compounds ("retinoids") into the ma ...	2016	27403405
scoping review of the zika virus literature.	the global primary literature on zika virus (zikv) (n = 233 studies and reports, up to march 1, 2016) has been compiled using a scoping review methodology to systematically identify and characterise the literature underpinning this broad topic using methods that are documented, updateable and reproducible. our results indicate that more than half the primary literature on zikv has been published since 2011. the articles mainly covered three topic categories: epidemiology of zikv (surveillance an ...	2016	27244249
transcriptome analysis reveals a signature profile for tick-borne flavivirus persistence in hek 293t cells.	tick-borne flaviviruses (tbfvs) cause febrile illnesses, which may progress to severe encephalitis and/or death in humans globally. most people who recover from severe acute disease suffer from debilitating neurological sequelae, which may be due to viral persistence, infection-induced neurological cell damage, host response, or some combination of these. acute tbfv infection of human embryonic kidney (hek) 293t cells in vitro results in the death of >95% of infected cells by day 5. however, rep ...	2016	27222466
a pan-dengue virus reverse transcription-insulated isothermal pcr assay intended for point-of-need diagnosis of dengue virus infection by use of the pockit nucleic acid analyzer.	dengue virus (denv) infection is considered a major public health problem in developing tropical countries where the virus is endemic and continues to cause major disease outbreaks every year. here, we describe the development of a novel, inexpensive, and user-friendly diagnostic assay based on a reverse transcription-insulated isothermal pcr (rt-iipcr) method for the detection of all four serotypes of denv in clinical samples. the diagnostic performance of the newly established pan-denv rt-iipc ...	2016	27030492
the evolution and challenge of the zika virus and its uncharted territory in the neurological realm.		2016	27478853
a proline-rich n-terminal region of the dengue virus ns3 is crucial for infectious particle production.	dengue virus is currently the most important insect-borne viral human pathogen. viral nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) is a key component of the viral replication machinery that performs multiple functions during viral replication and participates in antiviral evasion. using dengue virus infectious clones and reporter systems to dissect each step of the viral life cycle, we examined the requirements of different domains of ns3 on viral particle assembly. a thorough site-directed mutagenesis study b ...	2016	27009958
the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of zika virus by aedes aegypti.	zika virus (zikv) is causing an explosive outbreak of febrile disease in the americas. there are no effective antiviral therapies or licensed vaccines for this virus, and mosquito control strategies have not been adequate to contain the virus. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue virus (denv) transmission; however, e ...	2016	27364935
the threat of zika virus in sub-saharan africa - the need to remain vigilant.		2016	27303663
public health round-up.		2016	27147758
the wmel strain of wolbachia reduces transmission of chikungunya virus in aedes aegypti.	new approaches to preventing chikungunya virus (chikv) are needed because current methods are limited to controlling mosquito populations, and they have not prevented the invasion of this virus into new locales, nor have they been sufficient to control the virus upon arrival. a promising candidate for arbovirus control and prevention relies on the introduction of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia into aedes aegypti mosquitoes. this primarily has been proposed as a tool to control dengue viru ...	2016	27124663
unique pfk regulatory property from some mosquito vectors of disease, and from drosophila melanogaster.	arthropod-borne diseases are some of the most rapidly spreading diseases. reducing the vector population is currently the only effective way to reduce case numbers. central metabolic pathways are potential targets to control vector populations, but have not been well explored to this aim. the information available on energy metabolism, as a way to control lifespan and dispersion through flight of dipteran vectors, is inadequate.	2016	26911930
first imported case of zika virus infection into korea.	since zika virus has been spreading rapidly in the americas from 2015, the outbreak of zika virus infection becomes a global health emergency because it can cause neurological complications and adverse fetal outcome including microcephaly. here, we report clinical manifestations and virus isolation findings from a case of zika virus infection imported from brazil. the patient, 43-year-old korean man, developed fever, myalgia, eyeball pain, and maculopapular rash, but not neurological manifestati ...	2016	27366020
prospective study of pregnancy and newborn outcomes in mothers with west nile illness during pregnancy.	a previous case report of west nile virus (wnv) illness during pregnancy suggested that wnv could be a cause of congenital defects. we performed a prospective, longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women with wnv illness to increase our knowledge of the effects of wnv illness during pregnancy.	2016	27223334
structure and ligand-binding mechanism of a cysteinyl leukotriene-binding protein from a blood-feeding disease vector.	blood-feeding disease vectors mitigate the negative effects of hemostasis and inflammation through the binding of small-molecule agonists of these processes by salivary proteins. in this study, a lipocalin protein family member (ltbp1) from the saliva of rhodnius prolixus, a vector of the pathogen trypanosoma cruzi, is shown to sequester cysteinyl leukotrienes during feeding to inhibit immediate inflammatory responses. calorimetric binding experiments showed that ltbp1 binds leukotrienes c4 (ltc ...	2016	27124118
new diagnostic strategies in infection safety: the (r)evolution?		2016	27403086
four emerging arboviral diseases in north america: jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika virus diseases.	arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses, are viruses that are transmitted through the bites of mosquitoes, ticks, or sandflies. there are numerous arboviruses throughout the world capable of causing human disease spanning different viral families and genera. recently, jamestown canyon, powassan, chikungunya, and zika viruses have emerged as increasingly important arboviruses that can cause human disease in north america. unfortunately, there are currently no proven disease-modifying therapies fo ...	2016	26903031
zika virus: facts, prevention strategies, and an informed tourist perspective.		2016	27403008
a rhesus macaque model of asian-lineage zika virus infection.	infection with asian-lineage zika virus (zikv) has been associated with guillain-barré syndrome and fetal abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. animal models of infection are thus urgently needed. here we show that rhesus macaques are susceptible to infection by an asian-lineage zikv closely related to strains currently circulating in the americas. following subcutaneous inoculation, zikv rna is detected in plasma 1 day post infection (d.p.i.) in all animals (n=8 ...	2016	27352279
infectivity of immature neurons to zika virus: a link to congenital zika syndrome.	epidemiological data strongly suggest that microcephaly cases in brazil are associated with the ongoing epidemic of zika virus (zikv). in order to further solidify the possible link, we investigated the infectivity of zikv using various neuroblastoma (nb) cell lines.	2016	27364784
spatial and temporal hot spots of aedes albopictus abundance inside and outside a south european metropolitan area.	aedes albopictus is a tropical invasive species which in the last decades spread worldwide, also colonizing temperate regions of europe and us, where it has become a public health concern due to its ability to transmit exotic arboviruses, as well as severe nuisance problems due to its aggressive daytime outdoor biting behaviour. while several studies have been carried out in order to predict the potential limits of the species expansions based on eco-climatic parameters, few studies have so far ...	2016	27333276
clinical survey of dengue virus circulation in the republic of djibouti between 2011 and 2014 identifies serotype 3 epidemic and recommends clinical diagnosis guidelines for resource limited settings.	dengue virus is endemic globally, throughout tropical and sub-tropical regions. while the number of epidemics due to the four denv serotypes is pronounced in east africa, the total number of cases reported in africa (16 million infections) remained at low levels compared to asia (70 million infections). the french armed forces health service provides epidemiological surveillance support in the republic of djibouti through the bouffard military hospital. between 2011 and 2014, clinical and biolog ...	2016	27322644
comparative analysis of dengue and zika outbreaks reveals differences by setting and virus.	the pacific islands of micronesia have experienced several outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases over the past decade. in outbreaks on small islands, the susceptible population is usually well defined, and there is no co-circulation of pathogens. because of this, analysing such outbreaks can be useful for understanding the transmission dynamics of the pathogens involved, and particularly so for yet understudied pathogens such as zika virus. here, we compared three outbreaks of dengue and zika vir ...	2016	27926933
zika virus infection in the central nervous system and female genital tract.		2016	27617352
analysis of synonymous codon usage bias of zika virus and its adaption to the hosts.	zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne virus (arbovirus) in the family flaviviridae, and the symptoms caused by zikv infection in humans include rash, fever, arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia and conjunctivitis. codon usage bias analysis can reveal much about the molecular evolution and host adaption of zikv. to gain insight into the evolutionary characteristics of zikv, we performed a comprehensive analysis on the codon usage pattern in 46 zikv strains by calculating the effective number of codons ( ...	2016	27893824
susceptibility profile and metabolic mechanisms involved in aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus resistant to ddt and deltamethrin in the central african republic.	aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus are the main epidemic vectors of dengue, chikungunya and zika viruses worldwide. their control during epidemics relies mainly on control of larvae and adults with insecticides. unfortunately, loss of susceptibility of both species to several insecticide classes limits the efficacy of interventions. in africa, where aedes-borne viruses are of growing concern, few data are available on resistance to insecticides. to fill this gap, we assessed the susceptibility to ...	2016	27881148
generation of monoclonal antibodies against native viral proteins using antigen-expressing mammalian cells for mouse immunization.	due to their rising incidence and progressive geographical spread, infections with mosquito-borne viruses, such as dengue (denv), chikungunya and zika virus, have developed into major public health challenges. since all of these viruses may cause similar symptoms and can occur in concurrent epidemics, tools for their differential diagnosis and epidemiological monitoring are of urgent need.	2016	27876044
the inevitable colonisation of singapore by zika virus.	singapore is endemic for dengue virus, with approximately 10,000 to 20,000 annual cases reported in recent years. in 2012, chikungunya was introduced, although the numbers of cases reported is much fewer. the current zika virus pandemic originating in brazil represents a threat to all regions with aedes mosquitoes, particularly those well connected by travellers. in this respect, it was felt inevitable that singapore would eventually realise its third endemic flavivirus. in late august 2016, a p ...	2016	27866470
detection of dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in selected regions of kenya: 2011-2014.	dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, is associated with illness of varying severity in countries in the tropics and sub tropics. dengue cases continue to be detected more frequently and its geographic range continues to expand. we report the largest documented laboratory confirmed circulation of dengue virus in parts of kenya since 1982.	2016	27814732
comprehensive dna methylation analysis of the aedes aegypti genome.	aedes aegypti mosquitoes are important vectors of viral diseases. mosquito host factors play key roles in virus control and it has been suggested that dengue virus replication is regulated by dnmt2-mediated dna methylation. however, recent studies have shown that dnmt2 is a trna methyltransferase and that dnmt2-dependent methylomes lack defined dna methylation patterns, thus necessitating a systematic re-evaluation of the mosquito genome methylation status. we have now searched the ae. aegypti g ...	2016	27805064
zika mosquito vectors: the jury is still out.	after a 40-year hiatus, the international congress of entomology (ice 2016) convened in orlando, florida (september 25-30, 2016). one of the symposia at ice 2016, the zika symposium, covered multiple aspects of the zika epidemic, including epidemiology, sexual transmission, genetic tools for reducing transmission, and particularly vector competence. while there was a consensus among participants that the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, is a vector of the zika virus, there is growing eviden ...	2016	27853521
precisely molded nanoparticle displaying denv-e proteins induces robust serotype-specific neutralizing antibody responses.	dengue virus (denv) is the causative agent of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. the virus is endemic in over 120 countries, causing over 350 million infections per year. dengue vaccine development is challenging because of the need to induce simultaneous protection against four antigenically distinct denv serotypes and evidence that, under some conditions, vaccination can enhance disease due to specific immunity to the virus. while several live-attenuated tetravalent dengue virus vaccin ...	2016	27764114
high frequency of pre-existing neutralizing antibody responses in patients with dengue during an outbreak in central brazil.	this study aims to identify dengue neutralizing antibody response in patients with dengue from a well-characterized cohort during an outbreak in central brazil, 2012-2013.	2016	27717314
zika virus-associated brain damage: animal models and open issues.		2016	27651092
epidemiologic investigation of a family cluster of imported zikv cases in guangdong, china: probable human-to-human transmission.	zika virus (zikv) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that can potentially threaten south china. a chinese family of four returning from venezuela to china was found to be positive for zikv when the youngest son's fever was first detected at an airport immigration inspection. they were isolated temporarily in a local hospital in enping city, guangdong province, where their clinical data were recorded and urine and saliva were collected to isolate zikv and to obtain viral sequences. all of t ...	2016	27599469
measuring haitian children's exposure to chikungunya, dengue and malaria.	to differentiate exposure to the newly introduced chikungunya virus from exposure to endemic dengue virus and other pathogens in haiti.	2016	27821884
viremia and clinical presentation in nicaraguan patients infected with zika virus, chikungunya virus, and dengue virus.	zika virus (zikv), chikungunya virus (chikv), and dengue virus (denv) cocirculate in nicaragua. in this study, we sought to compare the quantified viremia and clinical presentation of patients infected with 1 or more of these viruses.	2016	27578819
the risk of dengue for non-immune foreign visitors to the 2016 summer olympic games in rio de janeiro, brazil.	rio de janeiro in brazil will host the summer olympic games in 2016. about 400,000 non-immune foreign tourists are expected to attend the games. as brazil is the country with the highest number of dengue cases worldwide, concern about the risk of dengue for travelers is justified.	2016	27129407
solvent/detergent virally inactivated serum eye drops restore healthy ocular epithelium in a rabbit model of dry-eye syndrome.	application of autologous serum eye drops (seds) is a recognized means to treat severe dry-eye syndrome (des). due to the inconvenience and difficulty of preparing seds from some patients, producing seds from allogeneic blood donations is gaining popularity. a major safety concern associated with allogeneic blood is virus transmission. we therefore herein evaluated the possibility of applying a solvent/detergent (s/d) treatment to inactivate viruses and studied the impacts of such treatment of s ...	2016	27100624
epidemiology of chikungunya virus in bahia, brazil, 2014-2015.	chikungunya is an emerging arbovirus that is characterized into four lineages. one of these, the asian genotype, has spread rapidly in the americas after its introduction in the saint martin island in october 2013. unexpectedly, a new lineage, the east-central-south african genotype, was introduced from angola in the end of may 2014 in feira de santana (fsa), the second largest city in bahia state, brazil, where over 5,500 cases have now been reported. number weekly cases of clinically confirmed ...	2016	27330849
chikungunya virus infection: an update on joint manifestations and management.	the advent of sophisticated diagnostics has enabled the discovery of previously unknown arthropod-borne viruses like chikungunya. this infection has become increasingly prevalent in the last 10 years across the indian ocean and has been brought to media attention by a recent outbreak in the caribbean. the outbreak has been aided by a drastic rise in air travel, allowing infected individuals to transport the virus to previously unaffected regions. in addition, a recently documented viral mutation ...	2016	27824550
mapping of courses on vector biology and vector-borne diseases systems: time for a worldwide effort.	major emergency efforts are being mounted for each vector-borne disease epidemiological crisis anew, while knowledge about the biology of arthropods vectors is dwindling slowly but continuously, as is the number of field entomologists. the discrepancy between the rates of production of knowledge and its use and need for solving crises is widening, in particular due to the highly differing time spans of the two concurrent processes. a worldwide web based search using multiple key words and search ...	2016	27759770
evolution of codon usage in zika virus genomes is host and vector specific.	the codon usage patterns of viruses reflect the evolutionary changes that allow them to optimize their survival and adapt their fitness to the external environment and, most importantly, their hosts. here we report the genotype-specific codon usage patterns of zika virus (zikv) strains from the current and previous outbreaks. several genotype-specific and common codon usage traits were noted in the zikv coding sequences, indicating their independent evolutionary origins from a common ancestor. t ...	2016	27729643
unmet needs for a rapid diagnosis of chikungunya virus infection.	rapid diagnosis of chikungunya virus infection.	2016	27347706
culex quinquefasciatus from rio de janeiro is not competent to transmit the local zika virus.	the americas have suffered a dramatic epidemic of zika since may in 2015, when zika virus (zikv) was first detected in brazil. mosquitoes belonging to subgenus stegomyia of aedes, particularly aedes aegypti, are considered the primary vectors of zikv. however, the rapid spread of the virus across the continent raised several concerns about the transmission dynamics, especially about potential mosquito vectors. the purpose of this work was to assess the vector competence of the house mosquito cul ...	2016	27598421
knowledge and use of prevention measures for chikungunya virus among visitors - virgin islands national park, 2015.	in june 2014, the mosquito-borne chikungunya virus (chikv) emerged in the u.s. virgin islands (usvi), a location where tourists comprise the majority of the population during peak season (january-april). limited information is available concerning visitors' chikv awareness and prevention measures.	2016	27597388
genetic evidence of expansion by passive transport of aedes (stegomyia) aegypti in eastern argentina.		2016	27583521
zika virus, a new threat for europe?	since its emergence in 2007 in micronesia and polynesia, the arthropod-borne flavivirus zika virus (zikv) has spread in the americas and the caribbean, following first detection in brazil in may 2015. the risk of zikv emergence in europe increases as imported cases are repeatedly reported. together with chikungunya virus (chikv) and dengue virus (denv), zikv is transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. any countries where these mosquitoes are present could be potential sites for future zikv outbreak. we ...	2016	27505002
monitoring intact viruses using aptamers.	viral diagnosis and surveillance are necessary steps in containing the spread of viral diseases, and they help in the deployment of appropriate therapeutic interventions. in the past, the commonly employed viral detection methods were either cell-culture or molecule-level assays. most of these assays are laborious and expensive, require special facilities, and provide a slow diagnosis. to circumvent these limitations, biosensor-based approaches are becoming attractive, especially after the succe ...	2016	27527230
comparative normal mode analysis of the dynamics of denv and zikv capsids.	key steps in the life cycle of a virus, such as the fusion event as the virus infects a host cell and its maturation process, relate to an intricate interplay between the structure and the dynamics of its constituent proteins, especially those that define its capsid, much akin to an envelope that protects its genomic material. we present a comprehensive, comparative analysis of such interplay for the capsids of two viruses from the flaviviridae family, dengue (denv) and zika (zikv). we use for t ...	2016	28083537
development of a zika virus infection model in cynomolgus macaques.	limited availability of indian rhesus macaques (irm) is a bottleneck to study zika virus (zikv) pathogenesis and evaluation of appropriate control measures in non-human primates. to address these issues, we report here the mauritian cynomolgus macaque (mcm) model for zikv infection. in brief, six mcms (seronegative for dengue and zikv) were subdivided into three cohorts with a male and female each and challenged with different doses of asian [prvabc59 (puerto rico) or fss13025 (cambodia)] or afr ...	2016	28066354
the influence of urbanization modes on the spatial circulation of flaviviruses within ouagadougou (burkina faso).	dengue is an emerging infectious disease of global significance. although this virus has been reported for a long time, its significance within the burden of diseases in west africa is not obvious, especially in burkina faso. our objective was to evaluate flavivirus presence in ouagadougou (burkina faso) and the link between anti-flavivirus antibody seroprevalence and urbanization modes. a population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted and 3015 children were enrolled from ouagadougou dist ...	2016	27973402