Publications

gastrointestinal parasites of the guenons of western uganda.	from january 1998 to december 2002, we collected 293 fecal samples from free-ranging individuals of the 4 guenon species of western uganda, i.e., redtail guenons (cercopithecus ascanius), blue monkeys (cercopithecus mitis), l'hoesti monkeys (cercopithecus lhoesti), and vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), to quantify the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites. helminth eggs, larvae, and protozoan cysts were isolated by sodium nitrate flotation and fecal sedimentation. helminth parasites we ...	2004	15715228
direct visual and circadian pathways target neuroendocrine cells in primates.	the effect of light on neuroendocrine functions is thought to be mediated through retinal inputs to the circadian pacemaker, the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (scn). the present studies were conducted to provide experimental evidence for this signaling modality in non-human primates. in the st. kitts vervet monkey, anterograde tracing of scn efferents revealed a monosynaptic pathway between the circadian clock and hypothalamic neurons producing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lhrh) ...	2004	15548220
stabilization and mobility of the head and trunk in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) during treadmill walks and gallops.	the brain requires internal or external reference frames to determine body orientation in space. these frames may change, however, to meet changing conditions. during quadrupedal overground locomotion by monkeys, the head rotates on a stabilized trunk during walking, but the trunk rotates on a stabilized head during galloping. do the same movement patterns occur during in-place locomotion? head and trunk pitch rotations were measured, and yaw and roll rotations estimated from cine films of three ...	2004	15557028
an investigation of a sympathetic innervation of the vertebral artery in primates: is there a neurogenic substrate for vasoconstriction?	vasoconstriction of the vertebral artery may be neurogenic in origin. although the existence of a perivascular sympathetic plexus of the vertebral artery is not in doubt, no method used to date has conclusively demonstrated a direct sympathetic innervation of the vascular smooth muscle cells and, hence, vasomotor function. it was the aim of this study, therefore, to visualise and localise noradrenergic fibres in the wall of the vertebral artery. intracranial vertebral artery specimens (10 vervet ...	2004	15590421
enamel and dentine development and the life history profile of victoriapithecus macinnesi from maboko island, kenya.	two permanent lower second molar teeth (knm-mb 19841 and knm-mb 27844) attributed to victoriapithecus macinnesi were prepared for histological analysis. a further five male and three female canine teeth were replicated with a silicone impression material and perikymata counts subsequently made on epoxy casts over the whole crown surface. daily enamel cross striations averaged 6 microm apart in both cuspal and lateral enamel of the molars and the total crown formation times were approximately 1.2 ...	2004	15646271
experimental infection of non-human primates with a human rotavirus isolate.	several rotavirus candidate vaccines have been developed and are at various stages of evaluation. in order to assess the safety and efficacy of these candidate vaccines, an appropriate non-human primate model is desirable. in earlier studies, we reported the presence of naturally occurring anti-rotavirus antibodies in monkeys and demonstrated that parenteral vaccination of baboons led to production of specific rotavirus antibodies in their milk. in the present study, we assessed the possibility ...	2005	15670889
effects of age and sex on hematologic and serum biochemical values of vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	hematologic and serum biochemical values are of great importance in assessing animal health. normal reference ranges for vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) have seldom been reported, making it difficult for clinicians to interpret blood values. the purpose of this study was to determine what effects age and sex have on hematologic and serum biochemical values of vervet monkeys and to establish clinically relevant reference ranges for all life stages of each gender. blood samples were ...	2005	15697196
thalamic neuronal activity in dopamine-depleted primates: evidence for a loss of functional segregation within basal ganglia circuits.	different analyses of neuronal activity in primate models of parkinson's disease (pd) have resulted in two different views on the effects of dopamine depletion. the first is based on the higher firing rate and bursty firing pattern, and assumes that dopamine depletion results in a hyperactivity of basal ganglia (bg) output structures. the second is based on the less-specific responses to passive joint manipulation and the excessive correlations between neuronal discharges, and assumes that dopam ...	2005	15703406
effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha/delta agonists on hdl-cholesterol in vervet monkeys.	the objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar) agonist and known pparalpha and ppardelta agonists to increase hdl-cholesterol (hdl-c) in the st. kitts vervet, a nonhuman primate model of atherosclerosis. four groups (n = 6) were studied and each group was assigned one of the following "treatments": a) vehicle only (vehicle); b) the ppardelta selective agonist gw501516 (gw); c) the pparalpha/delta agonist t913659 (t659); an ...	2005	15716581
immunological evaluation of combination therapy with tacrolimus and sirolimus on long-term allograft survival in nonhuman primates.	we reported that a 60-day course of combination therapy with tacrolimus and sirolimus induced long-term survival of renal allograft after withdrawal of immunosuppressants in vervet monkeys. in the present study, the mechanism of drug-induced allograft survival was evaluated via th1/th2 cytokines, apoptosis and mlc activity in primates. materials and methods: cytokines were evaluated by elisa. mlr and ctl assays were performed by incorporation of 72 hours (3)h-tdr and 4 hours (51)cr release assay ...	2005	15808578
impact of viral factors on very early in vivo replication profiles in simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm-infected african green monkeys.	to better understand which factors govern the levels of viral loads in early lentiviral infections of primates, we developed a model that allows distinguishing between the influences of host and viral factors on viremia. herein we report that two species of african green monkeys (chlorocebus sabaeus and c. pygerythrus) infected with their respective wild-type simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm viruses (sivagm.sab92018 and sivagm.ver644) consistently showed reproducible differences in viremia d ...	2005	15858009
risks associated with environmental enrichment: intestinal obstruction caused by foraging substrate.	questions are occasionally asked about the safety of enrichment techniques, considering that many novel ways are frequently employed to ensure environmental complexity. a juvenile male vervet monkey was found with a phytobezoar of straw obstructing the sigmoid colon. the straw was foraging substrate, which is used in communal cages. due to the extent of the resulting necrosis in the sigmoid and descending colon, the monkey had to be killed. this is the only individual to have suffered a harmful ...	2005	15860124
pyramidal cell specialization in the occipitotemporal cortex of the vervet monkey.	pyramidal cells were injected intracellularly in fixed, flat-mounted cortical slices taken from the first and fourth visual areas (v1 and v4, respectively) and cytoarchitectonic areas teo and te of two age and gender-matched vervet monkeys and the size, branching complexity and spine density of their basal dendritic trees determined. in both animals, we found marked differences in the pyramidal cell phenotype between cortical areas. more specifically, a consistent trend for larger, more branched ...	2005	15931070
specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the sensory-motor cortex of the vervet monkey (cercopethicus pygerythrus).	recent studies have revealed systematic differences in the pyramidal cell structure between functionally related cortical areas of primates. trends for a parallel in pyramidal cell structure and functional complexity have been reported in visual, somatosensory, motor, cingulate and prefrontal cortex in the macaque monkey cortex. these specializations in structure have been interpreted as being fundamental in determining cellular and systems function, endowing circuits in these different cortical ...	2005	15979808
specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the cingulate cortex of the chacma baboon (papio ursinus): an intracellular injection study of the posterior and anterior cingulate gyrus with comparative notes on the macaque and vervet monkeys.	this study forms part of an ongoing investigation of pyramidal cell structure in the cingulate cortex of primates. recently we have demonstrated that layer iii pyramidal cells in the anterior cingulate gyrus are considerably larger, more branched and more spinous than those in the posterior cingulate gyrus (areas 24 and 23, respectively) in the macaque and vervet monkeys. moreover, the extent of the interareal difference in specialization in pyramidal cell structure differed between the two spec ...	2005	16009490
progressive proximal expansion of the primate x chromosome centromere.	previous studies of the pericentromeric region of the human x chromosome short arm (xp) revealed an age gradient from ancient dna that contains expressed genes to recent human-specific dna at the functional centromere. we analyzed the finished sequence of this human genomic region to investigate its evolutionary history. phylogenetic analysis of >1,500 alpha-satellite monomers from the region revealed the presence of five physical domains, each containing monomers from a distinct phylogenetic cl ...	2005	16030148
behavioral development of captive male hybrid cercopithecine monkeys.	in this study, we compare the behavioral development of captive male vervet monkeys (chlorocebus pygerythrus) and sykes' monkeys (cercopithecus albogularis) to male hybrids of these species. focal animal sampling sessions were conducted on the study subjects from birth to 90 months of age. behavioral categories (affiliative, approach, play, sexual, tension, aggressive) were plotted for each species and the hybrids; curves were fitted using polynomial regression and were evaluated with the wilcox ...	2005	16088187
specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the sensory-motor cortex of the chacma baboon (papio ursinus) with comparative notes on macaque and vervet monkeys.	the systematic study of pyramidal cell structure has revealed new insights into specialization of the phenotype in the primate cerebral cortex. regional specialization in the neuronal phenotype may influence patterns of connectivity and the computational abilities of the circuits they compose. the comparative study of pyramidal cells in homologous cortical areas is beginning to yield data on the evolution and development of such specialized circuitry in the primate cerebral cortex. recently, we ...	2005	16100710
serological detection of adenoviruses in non-human primates maintained in a colony in kenya.	adenoviruses are known to cause several human diseases including acute febrile respiratory syndromes, epidemic conjunctivitis and gastroenteritis. these diseases associated with adenovirus infection affect adults and are usually more severe in infants and children. forty-seven human adenoviruses serotypes have so far been identified adenovirus. the diversity of these viruses has delayed progress on vaccine development due to difficulties in identifying appropriate vaccine targets. to date, limit ...	2005	16167712
regional specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the limbic cortex of the vervet monkey (cercopithecus pygerythrus): an intracellular injection study of the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus.	the pyramidal cell phenotype varies quite dramatically in structure among different cortical areas in the primate brain. comparative studies in visual cortex, in particular, but also in sensorimotor and prefrontal cortex, reveal systematic trends for pyramidal cell specialization in functionally related cortical areas. moreover, there are systematic differences in the extent of these trends between different primate species. recently we demonstrated differences in pyramidal cell structure in the ...	2005	16180041
comparative postcranial body shape and locomotion in chlorocebus aethiops and cercopithecus mitis.	body weight and length, chest girth, and seven postcranial limb segment lengths are compared between two guenon species, chlorocebus (cercopithecus) aethiops (vervets) and cercopithecus mitis (blue monkeys), exhibiting different habitual locomotor preferences. the subjects, all adults, were wild caught for a non-related research project (turner et al. [1986] genetic and morphological studies on two species of kenyan monkeys, c. aethiops and c. mitis. in: else jg, lee pc, editors. primate evoluti ...	2005	15503342
leveraging human genomic information to identify nonhuman primate sequences for expression array development.	nonhuman primates (nhps) are essential for biomedical research due to their similarities to humans. the utility of nhps will be greatly increased by the application of genomics-based approaches such as gene expression profiling. sequence information from the 3' end of genes is the key resource needed to create oligonucleotide expression arrays.	2005	16288651
the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) as an experimental model for trypanosoma brucei gambiense human african trypanosomiasis: a clinical, biological and pathological study.	it has long been known that the vervet monkey, chlorocebus (c.) aethiops, can be infected with trypanosoma rhodesiense, but this model has not been described for t. gambiense. in this study, we report the development of such a model for human african trypanosomiasis. twelve vervet monkeys infected with t. gambiense developed chronic disease. the duration of the disease ranged between 23 and 612 days (median 89 days) in five untreated animals. trypanosomes were detected in the blood within the fi ...	2006	16325877
probing the limits of tool competence: experiments with two non-tool-using species (cercopithecus aethiops and saguinus oedipus).	non-human animals vary in their ability to make and use tools. the goal of the present study was to further explore what, if anything, differs between tool-users and non-tool-users, and whether these differences lie in the conceptual or motor domain. we tested two species that typically do not use tools-cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops)-on problems that mirrored those designed for prolific tool users such as chimpanzees. we trained subjects on a t ...	2006	16341524
androgen modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity.	this review briefly summarizes recent developments in our understanding of the role of androgens in maintaining normal hippocampal structure. studies in rats and vervet monkeys have demonstrated that removal of the testes reduces the density of synaptic contacts on dendritic spines of cornu ammonis 1 (ca1) pyramidal neurons. this effect is rapidly reversed by treatment with either testosterone or the non-aromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone, suggesting that maintenance of normal synaptic de ...	2006	16488544
effect of a novel inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, fr260330, in prevention of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in vervet monkeys.	cytotoxic nitric oxide (no) is produced during ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury by the expression of inducible no synthase (inos). therefore, continuous inos inhibition might prevent early graft dysfunction. fr260330, a potent and selective inhibitor of inos activity, impedes the dimmerization of inos monomer. in this study, the effect of fr260330 in the prevention of renal i/r injury was evaluated in the model of one kidney ischemia in vervet monkeys. a total of 18 male vervet monkeys were ran ...	2006	16495814
amyloid-beta immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of alzheimer disease: lessons from mice, monkeys, and humans.	alzheimer disease (ad), the most common form of dementia, is without an effective cure or preventive treatment. recently, amyloid-beta protein (abeta) has become a major therapeutic target. many efforts are underway to either reduce the production of abeta or enhance its clearance. in 1999, schenk and colleagues first showed that active immunization with full-length abeta lowered cerebral abeta levels in transgenic mice. these findings have been confirmed and extended in various transgenic mouse ...	2006	16608400
comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus sivagmver replication and cd4+ t-cell dynamics in vervet and sabaeus african green monkeys.	the simian immunodeficiency viruses (siv) naturally infect a wide range of african primates, including african green monkeys (agm). despite moderate to high levels of plasma viremia in naturally infected agm, infection is not associated with immunodeficiency. we recently reported that sivagmver90 isolated from a naturally infected vervet agm induced aids following experimental inoculation of pigtailed macaques. the goal of the present study was to evaluate the replication of this isolate in two ...	2006	16641278
quantitation of vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in plasma and platelets.		2006	16676087
phenobarbital increases monkey in vivo nicotine disposition and induces liver and brain cyp2b6 protein.	1. cyp2b6 is a drug-metabolizing enzyme expressed in the liver and brain that can metabolize bupropion (zyban), a smoking cessation drug), activate tobacco-smoke nitrosamines, and inactivate nicotine. hepatic cyp2b6 is induced by phenobarbital and induction may affect in vivo nicotine disposition, while brain cyp2b6 induction may affect local levels of centrally acting substrates. we investigated the effect of chronic phenobarbital treatment on induction of in vivo nicotine disposition and cyp2b ...	2006	16751792
what's in a name? the vervet predator calls and the limits of the washburnian synthesis.	after the second world war, a renaissance in field primatology took place in the united states under the aegis of the 'new physical anthropology'. its leader, sherwood washburn, envisioned a science uniting studies of hominid fossils with darwinian population genetics, experimental functional anatomy, and field observation of non-human primates and human hunter-gatherers. thanks to washburn's stimulus, his colleague at berkeley, the bird ethologist peter marler, took up the study of the natural ...	2006	16769563
psychopharmacology of maternal separation anxiety in vervet monkeys.	maternal separation in non-human primates has been proposed as a model of early adversity. the symptoms of separation anxiety were studied in vervet monkeys, during the weaning period, when psychotropic medications were administered. the control group received a normal diet and treatment groups received citalopram, reboxetine or lamotrigine in their food daily. treatment was given for 7 weeks starting 1 month prior to weaning. behavior was recorded twice weekly for 8 weeks, and was rated for anx ...	2006	16850260
simian immunodeficiency viruses replication dynamics in african non-human primate hosts: common patterns and species-specific differences.	to define potential common features of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infections in different naturally infected host species, we compared the dynamics of viral replication in 31 african green monkeys (10 sabeus, 15 vervets and seven caribbean agms), 14 mandrills and three sooty mangabeys (sms) that were experimentally infected with their species-specific viruses.	2006	16872282
dopamine replacement therapy does not restore the full spectrum of normal pallidal activity in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydropyridine primate model of parkinsonism.	current physiological studies emphasize the role of neuronal oscillations and synchronization in the pathophysiology of parkinson's disease; however, little is known about their specific roles in the neuronal substrate of dopamine replacement therapy (drt). we investigated oscillatory activity and correlations throughout the different states of levodopa-naive parkinsonism as well as "off-on" and dyskinetic states of drt in the external globus pallidum (gpe) of tremulous (vervet) and rigid-akinet ...	2006	16885224
il-10 is up regulated in early and transitional stages in vervet monkeys experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense.	il-10 has been suggested as a possible parameter for human african trypanosomiasis stage determination. however, conclusive experimental studies have not been carried out to evaluate this, which is a prerequisite before a potential test can be validated in humans for diagnostic purposes. we used the vervet monkey model of trypanosomiasis to scrutinize il-10 in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). five adult males were experimentally infected with t. b. rhodesiense. the infected animals became an ...	2006	16901747
vervet monkeys and humans show brain asymmetries for processing conspecific vocalizations, but with opposite patterns of laterality.	a robust finding in the human neurosciences is the observation of a left hemisphere specialization for processing spoken language. previous studies suggest that this auditory specialization and brain asymmetry derive from a primate ancestor. most of these studies focus on the genus macaca and all demonstrate a left hemisphere bias. due to the narrow taxonomic scope, however, we lack a sense of the distribution of this asymmetry among primates. further, although the left hemisphere bias appears m ...	2006	16928633
modulation of high alcohol drinking in the inbred fawn-hooded (fh/wjd) rat strain: implications for treatment.	the fawn-hooded rat (fh/wjd) is an inbred alcohol-preferring rat strain, unlike most of the other strains that were selectively bred for high alcohol intake and preference. it was chosen for study some 16 years ago because of a reported mutation that disrupted platelet serotonin function. although the fh/wjd rat has high alcohol intake (>5 g/kg/day) and preference (>65%), interbreeding with an alcohol-non-preferring inbred strain suggested that these measures are unrelated to the serotonin abnor ...	2006	16961764
a model for determining baseline morphometrics of the capillary bed in skeletal muscle.	changes in capillary diameter (cd) have been used to detect the effect of pharmacological interventions, physical treatments and ischaemic reperfusion injury in skin and muscle. for comparison, cds within similar structures in the untreated limb of the same subject have been used as the control, with the assumption that cds are the same in both limbs. this study employs light microscopic morphometry (lmm) to explore this premise, investigates the repeatability of lmm and determines the number of ...	2006	17001419
a rotavirus strain isolated from pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) with diarrhea bears a p6[1]:g8 specificity.	a distinct rotavirus strain (ptrv) was isolated in cell cultures from a stool sample obtained from a diarrheic 3-year-old female pig-tailed macaque (macaca nemestrina) that was born at the breeding colony of the university of washington in seattle. unlike other known simian rotavirus strains including vervet monkey rotavirus sa11 which bears p5b[2]:g3 or p6[1]:g3 specificity, rhesus monkey rotavirus mmu18006 with p5b[3]:g3 specificity, pig-tailed macaque rotavirus yk-1 with p[3]:g3 specificity a ...	2006	16242747
vitamin a toxicity in wild-caught african green vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) after 2 years in captivity.	primate lab diets typically contain high vitamin a concentrations when compared with human recommended intakes. in this study, we analyzed the vitamin a contents of liver and serum from 13 adult female african green vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops). these monkeys were wild-caught and held in captivity for 2 y, during which time they consumed a standard primate diet. liver vitamin a concentration (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) was 14.6 +/- 2.3 micromol retinol/g liver; subtoxicity in humans ...	2006	17069027
symbols are not uniquely human.	modern semiotics is a branch of logics that formally defines symbol-based communication. in recent years, the semiotic classification of signs has been invoked to support the notion that symbols are uniquely human. here we show that alarm-calls such as those used by african vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops), logically satisfy the semiotic definition of symbol. we also show that the acquisition of vocal symbols in vervet monkeys can be successfully simulated by a computer program based on m ...	2007	17101209
the association of drd4 and novelty seeking is found in a nonhuman primate model.	the association of novelty seeking with a repeat polymorphism in the coding region of the dopamine d4 receptor gene (drd4) has been demonstrated in several human populations, but not in others. the objective of this study was to test the generality of the association in a captive nonhuman primate population of known history, using objective methods for assessing novelty seeking and a pedigree-based association design.	2007	17167341
hematological changes in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) during eight months' adaptation to captivity.	this study investigated fluctuations in hematological values of 50 wild-caught vervet monkeys (african green monkeys, grivets, chlorocebus aethiops) during habituation to captivity. the monkeys were categorized into four groups according to age and sex viz adult males, adult females, juvenile males, and juvenile females. the erythrocyte values were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the adult males than in the other animals. there was an increase in most of the erythrocyte parameters studied durin ...	2007	17294427
assessment of menstruation in the vervet (cercopithecus aethiops).	vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) are old world nonhumans that display attenuated menstruation that requires detection by vaginal swab. the physiology underlying attenuated menstruation in this species has not been previously studied. to fill this gap, we evaluated endometrial cell proliferation, steroid receptor localization and expression of menstruation-associated matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) enzymes in vervets during natural and artificial menstrual cycles. the artificial cycles were i ...	2007	17294431
characteristics and regulation of the ovarian cycle in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops).	this study was designed to evaluate the timecourse of ovarian and pituitary endocrine events throughout the menstrual cycle in the vervet monkey, and whether circulating luteinizing hormone (lh) or the uterus regulates the functional lifespan of the vervet corpus luteum. daily saphenous blood samples were collected from adult females (1) during spontaneous menstrual cycles (n = 7), and (2) during cycles in which a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (acyline) was administered for 3 days at ...	2007	17294432
evaluation of the vervet (clorocebus aethiops) as a model for the assisted reproductive technologies.	the vervet monkey was evaluated as a primate model for use in assisted reproductive technologies (arts). eight adult female vervets were hormonally monitored for their potential use as egg donors and those six females displaying regular menstrual cycles were subjected to controlled ovarian stimulation with recombinant human gonadotropins. three animals failed to respond while laparoscopic follicular aspiration was performed on the other three females at 27-30 h post-human chorionic gonadotropin ...	2007	17358011
humeral retractor emg during quadrupedal walking in primates.	the mammalian humeral retractors latissimus dorsi, teres major and caudal parts of the pectoral muscles are commonly thought to contribute to forward impulse during quadrupedal locomotion by pulling the body over the supporting forelimb. while most electromyographic studies on recruitment patterns for these muscles tend to support this functional interpretation, data on muscle use in chimpanzees and vervet monkeys have suggested that the humeral retractors of nonhuman primates are largely inacti ...	2007	17371919
a primate model for alzheimer's disease: investigation of the apolipoprotein e profile of the vervet monkey of st. kitts.	the apolipoprotein e4 allele has been previously associated with late onset alzheimer's disease (ad). the major neuropathology of ad, senile (amyloid) plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles, has been observed in the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops). to further assess the suitability of the vervet as a model for ad, we undertook to determine the sequence of the vervet apoe exon 4 and to genotype an unrelated group of 30 aged animals raging from 15 to 28 years of age. all 30 animals were homozyg ...	2007	17373728
recombinant simian varicella viruses induce immune responses to simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) antigens in immunized vervet monkeys.	the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) oka vaccine offers potential as a recombinant vaccine against other pathogens. in this study, recombinant simian varicella viruses (rsvv) expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) envelope (env, gp130) and gag antigens were constructed. expression of the siv env and gag transcripts and antigens in rsvv-infected vero cells was confirmed. the rsvv-sivenv and rsvv-sivgag viruses replicated as efficiently as wild-type svv in cell culture. the immunogenicity of r ...	2007	17434552
simian varicella virus expresses a latency-associated transcript that is antisense to open reading frame 61 (icp0) mrna in neural ganglia of latently infected monkeys.	simian varicella virus (svv) and varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are closely related alphaherpesviruses that cause varicella (chickenpox) in nonhuman primates and humans, respectively. after resolution of the primary disease, svv and vzv establish latent infection of neural ganglia and may later reactivate to cause a secondary disease (herpes zoster). this study investigated svv gene expression in neural ganglia derived from latently infected vervet monkeys. svv transcripts were detected in neural ...	2007	17507490
a genetic linkage map of the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	the spectacular progress in genomics increasingly highlights the importance of comparative biology in biomedical research. in particular, nonhuman primates, as model systems, provide a crucial intermediate between humans and mice. the close similarities between humans and other primates are stimulating primate studies in virtually every area of biomedical research, including development, anatomy, physiology, immunology, and behavior. the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) is an importa ...	2007	17629771
characterization and heritability of obesity and associated risk factors in vervet monkeys.	the objective was to determine the prevalence and heritability of obesity and risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome (ms) in a pedigreed colony of vervet monkeys.	2007	17636084
architectonic distribution of the serotonin transporter within the orbitofrontal cortex of the vervet monkey.	to elucidate the organization of the serotoninergic innervation within the orbitofrontal cortex (ofc), serotonin transporter (sert) density was quantified by autoradiography using [(3)h]cyanoimipramine binding. in six adult vervet monkeys, 15 architectonic areas were delineated according to cytoarchitectonic (nissl), myeloarchitectonic (gallyas) and chemoarchitectonic (acetylcholinesterase) criteria to assess sert distribution at two levels of organization: cortical area and cortical type. for c ...	2007	17766046
a quantitative trait locus for variation in dopamine metabolism mapped in a primate model using reference sequences from related species.	non-human primates (nhp) provide crucial research models. their strong similarities to humans make them particularly valuable for understanding complex behavioral traits and brain structure and function. we report here the genetic mapping of an nhp nervous system biologic trait, the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) concentration of the dopamine metabolite homovanillic acid (hva), in an extended inbred vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) pedigree. csf hva is an index of cns dopamine activity, w ...	2007	17884980
methamphetamine increases basal ganglia iron to levels observed in aging.	increases in basal ganglia iron are well documented for neurodegenerative diseases but have not been associated with methamphetamine (meth). in this study, vervet monkeys that received two doses of meth (2 mg/kg, intramuscularly, 6 h apart) showed at 1 month, iron increases in substantia nigra pars reticulata and globus pallidus, with concurrent increases of ferritin-immunoreactivity and decreases of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactivity in substantia nigra. at 1.5 years, substantia nigra tyrosi ...	2007	17921879
secondary sexual coloration and csf 5-hiaa are correlated in vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus).	identifying indirect markers of the physiology or neuroendocrinology of a primate can provide a powerful tool to scientists. anecdotal descriptions and recent experimental evidence suggests that the colorful sexual skin in adult male vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) might be sensitive to social changes, including dominance relationships, which could be related to serotonergic activity. the present study examined whether individual differences in scrotal coloration were related to ...	2007	17976039
gene profiling of pooled single neuronal cell bodies from laser capture microdissected vervet monkey lateral geniculate nucleus hybridized to the rhesus macaque genome array.	this report is based on an ongoing study to examine gene expression differences in monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn). here, samples from an old world species, the vervet monkey (cercopithecus aethiops), were cross-hybridized to the rhesus macaque genome array (affymetrix). microarray analysis was performed using laser capture microdissected populations of individual neuronal cell bodies isolated from the lgn compared to heterogeneous samples from whole lamina. our results indicated that cr ...	2007	17996221
prenatal dexamethasone exposure induces changes in nonhuman primate offspring cardiometabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function.	prenatal stress or glucocorticoid administration has persisting "programming" effects on offspring in rodents and other model species. multiple doses of glucocorticoids are in widespread use in obstetric practice. to examine the clinical relevance of glucocorticoid programming, we gave 50, 120, or 200 microg/kg/d of dexamethasone (dex50, dex120, or dex200) orally from mid-term to a singleton-bearing nonhuman primate, chlorocebus aethiops (african vervet). dexamethasone dose-dependently reduced m ...	2007	17380204
the social structure and strategies of delphinids: predictions based on an ecological framework.	dolphins live in complex social groupings with a wide variety of social strategies. in this chapter we investigate the role that differing habitats and ecological conditions have played in the evolution of delphinid social strategies. we propose a conceptual framework for understanding natural patterns of delphinid social structure in which the spatial and temporal predictability of resources influences the ranging patterns of individuals and communities. the framework predicts that when resourc ...	2007	17936137
genome heterogeneity of sa11 rotavirus due to reassortment with "o" agent.	derivatives of the rotavirus sa11-h96 strain, isolated in 1958 from an overtly healthy vervet monkey, have been used extensively to probe the viral life cycle. to gain insight into the phenotypic and genotypic differences among sa11 isolates, we sequenced the segmented double-stranded rna genomes of sa11-h96 (p5b[2]:g3), two sa11-4f-like viruses (p6[1]:g3), two sa11-4f-like viruses with gene 5 rearrangements, and relevant segments of sa11 temperature-sensitive mutants and the "o" (offal) agent ( ...	2007	17059839
intravitreal colchicine causes decreased rnfl birefringence without altering rnfl thickness.	to test the hypothesis that longitudinal differences between retinal nerve fiber layer (rnfl) birefringence, measured by scanning laser polarimetry (slp), and rnfl thickness, measured by optical coherence tomography (oct), are informative about the state of axonal degeneration.	2008	18172100
transthyretin amyloidosis and two other aging-related amyloidoses in an aged vervet monkey.	an aged male vervet monkey showed severe cardiac arrhythmia for more than 3 years. a multifocal amyloid consisting of transthyretin was deposited in all areas of the heart wall, especially in the extracellular stroma among muscle fibers and external tunica of arterioles. moreover, the amyloid was deposited in the stroma and arterioles of other systemic organs except the liver and spleen. these characteristics are consistent with senile systemic amyloidosis in humans. a second amyloid consisting ...	2008	18192580
low-pass filter properties of basal ganglia cortical muscle loops in the normal and mptp primate model of parkinsonism.	oscillatory bursting activity is commonly found in the basal ganglia (bg) and the thalamus of the parkinsonian brain. the frequency of these oscillations is often similar to or higher than that of the parkinsonian tremor, but their relationship to the tremor and other parkinsonian symptoms is still under debate. we studied the frequency dependency of information transmission in the cortex-bg and cortex-periphery loops by recording simultaneously from multiple electrodes located in the arm-relate ...	2008	18199764
immunization with a recombinant fowlpox virus expressing a hepatitis c virus core-e1 polyprotein variant, protects mice and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) against challenge with a surrogate vaccinia virus.	hcv (hepatitis c virus) is a worldwide health problem nowadays. no preventive vaccine is available against this pathogen, and therapeutic treatments currently in use have important drawbacks, including limited efficacy. in the present work a recombinant fowlpox virus, fpcoe1, expressing a truncated hcv core-e1 polyprotein, was generated. fpcoe1 virus generally failed to elicit a humoral immune response against hcv antigens in balb/c mice. by contrast, mice inoculated with fpcoe1 elicited a posit ...	2008	18215116
evaluation of [(18)f]gefitinib as a molecular imaging probe for the assessment of the epidermal growth factor receptor status in malignant tumors.	gefitinib, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase (egfr-tk), has shown potent effects in a subset of patients carrying specific egfr-tk mutations in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. in this study, we asked whether pet with [(18)f]gefitinib may be used to study noninvasively the pharmacokinetics of gefitinib in vivo and to image the egfr status of cancer cells.	2008	18239919
modulation of food intake following deep brain stimulation of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the vervet monkey. laboratory investigation.	deep brain stimulation (dbs) has become an effective therapy for an increasing number of brain disorders. recently demonstrated dbs of the posterior hypothalamus as a safe treatment for chronic intractable cluster headaches has drawn attention to this target, which is involved in the regulation of diverse autonomic functions and feeding behavior through complex integrative mechanisms. in this study, the authors assessed the feasibility of ventromedial hypothalamus (vmh) dbs in freely moving verv ...	2008	18240931
ancient dna identification of early 20th century simian t-cell leukemia virus type 1.	the molecular identification of proviruses from ancient tissues (and particularly from bones) remains a contentious issue. it can be expected that the copy number of proviruses will be low, which magnifies the risk of contamination with retroviruses from exogenous sources. to assess the feasibility of paleoretrovirological studies, we attempted to identify proviruses from early 20th century bones of museum specimens while following a strict ancient dna methodology. simian t-cell leukemia virus t ...	2008	18296697
voluntary consumption of substances of unknown palatability by vervet monkeys: a refinement.	pure compounds and herbal medicines, had to be administered orally to vervet monkeys for testing. a reliable method was sought to avoid daily gavaging.	2008	18333919
cerebral amyloid-beta protein accumulation with aging in cotton-top tamarins: a model of early alzheimer's disease?	alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common progressive form of dementia in the elderly. two major neuropathological hallmarks of ad include cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta protein (abeta) into plaques and blood vessels, and the presence of neurofibrillary tangles in brain. in addition, activated microglia and reactive astrocytes are often associated with plaques and tangles. numerous other proteins are associated with plaques in human ad brain, including apo e and ubiquitin. the amyloid pre ...	2008	18341428
protein expression of mef2c during the critical period for visual development in vervet monkeys.	during the early development of the visual cortex, there is a critical period when neuronal connections are highly sensitive to changes in visual input. deprivation of visual stimuli during the critical period elicits robust anatomical and physiological rearrangements in the monkey visual cortex and serves as an excellent model for activity-dependent neuroplasticity. dna microarray experiments were previously performed in our lab to analyze gene expression patterns in area v1 of vervet monkeys s ...	2008	18523533
host response to human acellular dermal matrix transplantation in a primate model of abdominal wall repair.	commercially available human acellular dermal matrix (hadm), alloderm((r)), was implanted as an interpositional graft in the abdominal wall of adult vervet monkeys. host response to implanted hadm was evaluated and compared with a human cellular dermal matrix (hcdm) and a primate acellular dermal matrix (padm). clinical acceptance of the acellular grafts (hadm and padm) and graft remodeling were evidenced by fibroblast repopulation and neoangiogenesis. a mild inflammatory response marked predomi ...	2008	18593339
long-term methamphetamine administration in the vervet monkey models aspects of a human exposure: brain neurotoxicity and behavioral profiles.	methamphetamine (meth)-associated alterations in the human striatal dopamine (da) system have been identified with positron emission tomography (pet) imaging and post-mortem studies but have not been well correlated with behavioral changes or cumulative meth intake. animal studies that model some aspects of human long-term meth abuse can establish dose-dependency profiles of both behavioral changes and potential brain neurotoxicities for identifying consequences of particular cumulative exposure ...	2008	17625500
ecological and reproductive variance in serum leptin in wild vervet monkeys.	leptin was originally thought to be an antiobesity hormone, but increasing evidence suggests that its ancestral role was to mobilize neuroendocrine responses to starvation. research on wild primates is critical for interpreting the high leptin values seen in western human populations and captive animals. this study examined natural variation in serum leptin in wild vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops), testing the hypothesis that serum leptin in vervets varies with sex, adiposity, ecology, and ...	2008	18661475
[human infection with simian herpes b virus in africa].	simian herpes b virus or cercopithecine herpesvirus 1 (cehv-1) is enzootic (80% to 100%) in asian monkeys of the genus macaca but is also present in other monkey species. this virus, discovered in 1933, is closely related to human herpesvirus 1 and human herpesvirus 2, responsible respectively for labial and genital herpes. cehv-1 infection is generally asymptomatic or mild in monkeys but in humans it may lead to fulminant encephalomyelitis that has an 80% lethality rate without treatment. infec ...	2008	18684683
experimental infections of baboons (papio spp.) and vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) with trichinella zimbabwensis and successful treatment with ivermectin.	experimental trichinella zimbabwensis infections were established in three baboons (papio sp.) and four vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) and the clinical-pathological manifestations assessed. the infected animals showed clinical signs ranging from fever, diarrhoea, periorbital oedema and muscular pain in varying degrees. one baboon became blind due to the infection. levels of creatinine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased to reach a peak on day 42 post-infection (pi) for bot ...	2008	18788211
simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)-specific cd8+ t-cell responses in vervet african green monkeys chronically infected with sivagm.	african green monkeys (agm) do not develop overt signs of disease following simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection. while it is still unknown how natural hosts like agm can cope with this lentivirus infection, a large number of investigations have shown that cd8(+) t-cell responses are critical for the containment of aids viruses in humans and asian nonhuman primates. here we have compared the phenotypes of t-cell subsets and magnitudes of siv-specific cd8(+) t-cell responses in vervet ag ...	2008	18829748
trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense transmitted by a single tsetse fly bite in vervet monkeys as a model of human african trypanosomiasis.	we have investigated the pathogenicity of tsetse (glossina pallidipes)-transmitted cloned strains of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in vervet monkeys. tsetse flies were confirmed to have mature trypanosome infections by xenodiagnosis, after which nine monkeys were infected via the bite of a single infected fly. chancres developed in five of the nine (55.6%) monkeys within 4 to 8 days post infection (dpi). all nine individuals were successfully infected, with a median pre-patent period of 4 (rang ...	2008	18846231
preferential gene expression in the limbus of the vervet monkey.	to elucidate the unique molecular factors and biological processes that are differentially expressed in the limbal stem cell microenvironment by comparing directly to that of its immediate adjacent structures, the cornea and conjunctiva.	2008	18989386
quantitative evaluation of mptp-treated nonhuman parkinsonian primates in the hallway task.	parkinson's disease (pd) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. an experimental model of this disease is produced in nonhuman primates by the administration of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp). in this work, we put forward a new quantitative evaluation method that uses video recordings to measure the displacement, gate, gross and fine motor performance of freely moving subjects. four vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were trained in a behavioral obse ...	2009	19022292
after the fire: benefits of reduced ground cover for vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops).	here we describe changes in ranging behavior and other activities of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) after a wildfire eliminated grass cover in a large area near the study group's home range. soon after the fire, the vervets ranged farther away from tall trees that provide refuge from mammalian predators, and moved into the burned area where they had never been observed to go before the fire occurred. visibility at vervet eye-level was 10 times farther in the burned area than in unburned ...	2009	19058136
efficacy of the novel diamidine compound 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)- furan-bis-o-methlylamidoxime (pafuramidine, db289) against trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in vervet monkeys after oral administration.	owing to the lack of oral drugs for human african trypanosomiasis, patients have to be hospitalized for 10 to 30 days to facilitate treatment with parenterally administered medicines. the efficacy of a novel orally administered prodrug, 2,5-bis(4-amidinophenyl)-furan-bis-o-methlylamidoxime (pafuramidine, db289), was tested in the vervet monkey (chlorocebus [cercopithecus] aethiops) model of sleeping sickness. five groups of three animals each were infected intravenously with 10(4) trypanosoma br ...	2009	19064893
milk composition of captive vervet monkey (chlorocebus pygerythrus) and rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) with observations on gorilla (gorilla gorilla gorilla) and white handed gibbon (hylobates lar).	the nutrient content and fatty acid composition of vervet monkey milk has been determined and is compared with rhesus macaque, and two hominoid apes, the white handed gibbon and gorilla. with 15.7+/-4.1 g protein, 33.1+/-9.4 g fat, and 85.1+/-7.5 g lactose per kg milk, vervet monkey milk does not differ from that of rhesus macaque, and is within the range of other primates. small amounts (>1 g kg(-1)) of oligosaccharides, glucose, galactose and fucose were noted. in comparison, gorilla milk has ...	2009	19168147
heterochrony and cross-species intersensory matching by infant vervet monkeys.	understanding the evolutionary origins of a phenotype requires understanding the relationship between ontogenetic and phylogenetic processes. human infants have been shown to undergo a process of perceptual narrowing during their first year of life, whereby their intersensory ability to match the faces and voices of another species declines as they get older. we investigated the evolutionary origins of this behavioral phenotype by examining whether or not this developmental process occurs in non ...	2009	19172998
identifying heritable brain phenotypes in an extended pedigree of vervet monkeys.	the area and volume of brain structural features, as assessed by high-resolution three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (mri), are among the most heritable measures relating to the human cns. we have conducted mri scanning of all available monkeys >2 years of age (n = 357) from the extended multigenerational pedigree of the vervet research colony (vrc). using a combination of automated and manual segmentation we have quantified several correlated but distinct brain structural phenotypes. t ...	2009	19261882
exploration of the african green monkey as a preclinical pharmacokinetic model: oral pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-drug interactions.	african green monkeys (vervets) have been proposed as an alternate species that might allow improved access and provide high-quality pharmacokinetic results comparable with other primates. however, no oral data are available in vervets to evaluate cross-species predictive performance. therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the use of the vervet to predict human oral pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. oral pharmacokinetic studies were conducted in the vervet for eight compounds: phe ...	2009	19280525
predator-specific landscapes of fear and resource distribution: effects on spatial range use.	although ecologists have long recognized that animal space use is primarily determined by the presence of predators and the distribution of resources, the effects of these two environmental conditions have never been quantified simultaneously in a single spatial model. here, in a novel approach, predator-specific landscapes of fear are constructed on the basis of behavioral responses of a prey species (vervet monkey; cercopithecus aethiops), and we show how these can be combined with data on res ...	2009	19323238
characterization of decidual leukocyte populations in cynomolgus and vervet monkeys.	the objective of this study was the phenotypic and functional evaluation of decidual immune cells in the cynomolgus and vervet monkeys. early pregnancy (days 36-42) deciduas were obtained by fetectomy for histological evaluation and decidual mononuclear leukocyte (mnl) isolation. while peripheral nk (pnk) cells in these species do not express cd56, cd56(+) nk cells were abundant in decidual samples. the majority of decidual nk (dnk) cells (>80%) had high light-scatter characteristics and were cd ...	2009	19398130
endocrine mechanisms of primate life history trade-offs: growth and reproductive maturation in vervet monkeys.	life history theory predicts that the timing of maturation will result from a trade-off between growth and the age of first reproduction. this trade-off and its mechanisms of action are still poorly understood in many species and have not been well studied at the individual level. this study examined hypothesized trade-offs between growth and reproductive maturation in wild populations of vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) from kenya, east africa. individuals were sampled from four populati ...	2009	19402037
generalized tularemia in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) and a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas) in a zoo.	generalized tularemia was diagnosed in a vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) and a patas monkey (erythrocebus patas), both of which died suddenly in the szeged zoo, szeged, hungary. macroscopic lesions in each animal included disseminated, grayish-white foci in the lungs, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidney. all focal lesions were characterized microscopically as purulent to pyogranulomatous to granulomatous inflammation with necrosis. francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica strains were is ...	2009	19407096
knowing what counts: unbiased stereology in the non-human primate brain.	the non-human primate is an important translational species for understanding the normal function and disease processes of the human brain. unbiased stereology, the method accepted as state-of-the-art for quantification of biological objects in tissue sections, generates reliable structural data for biological features in the mammalian brain. the key components of the approach are unbiased (systematic-random) sampling of anatomically defined structures (reference spaces), combined with quantific ...	2009	19444156
the alarm call system of two species of black-and-white colobus monkeys (colobus polykomos and colobus guereza).	vervet monkey alarm calling has long been the paradigmatic example of how primates use vocalizations in response to predators. in vervets, there is a close and direct relationship between the production of distinct alarm vocalizations and the presence of distinct predator types. recent fieldwork has however revealed the use of several additional alarm calling systems in primates. here, the authors describe playback studies on the alarm call system of two colobine species, the king colobus (colob ...	2009	19450021
characterization of cynomolgus and vervet monkey placental mhc class i expression: diversity of the nonhuman primate ag locus.	nonhuman primates are important animal models for the study of the maternal immune response to implantation within the decidua. the objective of this study was to define the placental expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules in the cynomolgus (macaca fascicularis) and vervet (african green) (chlorocebus aethiops) monkeys. early pregnancy (d36-42) cynomolgus and vervet placentas were obtained by fetectomy and prepared for histological evaluation. a pan-mhc class i mo ...	2009	19468726
prevalence of antibodies and cell mediated immune response against leishmania major in feral nonhuman primates from kenya.	in kenya, leishmania major is responsible for human cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). natural infection with l. major of a vervet monkey and experimental susceptibility of some nonhuman primates (nhps) from kenya has been established. however, there has been no comprehensive study of the prevalence of zoonotic cl in kenya. and also, no investigation has been done to assess whether nhps could be potential reservoir hosts of l. major even when the involvement of reservoir animals is obligatory in tran ...	2009	18983806
neuronal reduction in frontal cortex of primates after prenatal alcohol exposure.	children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (fasd) show behavioral and intellectual impairments that indicate frontal lobe dysfunction, but the extent of damage to this region has not been clarified by brain imaging studies. this study uses the st kitts vervet monkey, a species that voluntarily consumes beverage alcohol, to examine the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure. pregnant vervets were allowed to drink the equivalent of 3-5 standard drinks four times a week during the third trimester ...	2009	18987558
immunospecific immunoglobulins and il-10 as markers for trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense late stage disease in experimentally infected vervet monkeys.	to determine the usefulness of il-10 and immunoglobulin m (igm) as biomarkers for staging hat in vervet monkeys, a useful pathogenesis model for humans.	2009	19573160
enhanced cholinergic response in pancreata of nonhuman primates with impaired glucose tolerance shown on [18f]fluorobenzyltrozamicol positron emission tomography.	islet cell adaptation to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus may be due in part to increased stimulation of beta cells by the autonomic nervous system. the parasympathetic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ach) mediates insulin release via m3 muscarinic receptors on islet beta cells. the vesicular ach transporter (vacht) receptor correlates with cholinergic activity in vivo. the positron emission tomography (pet) radiotracer (+)-4-[18f]fluorobenzyltrozamicol ([18f]fbt) binds to the vach ...	2009	19580359
supply and demand determine the market value of food providers in wild vervet monkeys.	animals neither negotiate verbally nor conclude binding contracts, but nevertheless regularly exchange goods and services without overt coercion and manage to arrive at agreements over exchange rates. biological market theory predicts that such exchange rates fluctuate according to the law of supply and demand. previous studies showed that primates pay more when commodities become scarcer: subordinates groomed dominants longer before being tolerated at food sites in periods of shortage; females ...	2009	19581578
neuroprotective natural antibodies to assemblies of amyloidogenic peptides decrease with normal aging and advancing alzheimer's disease.	a number of distinct beta-amyloid (abeta) variants or multimers have been implicated in alzheimer's disease (ad), and antibodies recognizing such peptides are in clinical trials. humans have natural abeta-specific antibodies, but their diversity, abundance, and function in the general population remain largely unknown. here, we demonstrate with peptide microarrays the presence of natural antibodies against known toxic abeta and amyloidogenic non-abeta species in plasma samples and cerebrospinal ...	2009	19581601
dissecting the non-human primate brain in stereotaxic space.	the use of non-human primates provides an excellent translational model for our understanding of developmental and aging processes in humans(1-6). in addition, the use of non-human primates has recently afforded the opportunity to naturally model complex psychiatric disorders such as alcohol abuse(7). here we describe a technique for blocking the brain in the coronal plane of the vervet monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabeus) in the intact skull in stereotaxic space. the method described here provi ...	2009	19609252
revisiting play elements and self-handicapping in play: a comparative ethogram of five old world monkey species.	play behavior has been viewed as a mixture of elements drawn from "serious" behavior, interspersed by ritualized play signals. two other types of play behaviors have been overlooked: patterns that are dissimilar from any serious behavior and patterns with self-handicapping character, that is, those that put the animal into unnecessary disadvantageous positions or situations. here the authors show that these 2 types of patterns can constitute a major part of play repertoire. from our own videorec ...	2009	19685966