Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
viral nucleic acids in live-attenuated vaccines: detection of minority variants and an adventitious virus.metagenomics and a panmicrobial microarray were used to examine eight live-attenuated viral vaccines. viral nucleic acids in trivalent oral poliovirus (opv), rubella, measles, yellow fever, varicella-zoster, multivalent measles/mumps/rubella, and two rotavirus live vaccines were partially purified, randomly amplified, and pyrosequenced. over half a million sequence reads were generated covering from 20 to 99% of the attenuated viral genomes at depths reaching up to 8,000 reads per nucleotides. m ...201020375174
increased numbers of myeloid and lymphoid il-10 producing cells in spleen of pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential etiological agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a worldwide distributed pig disease. the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of pmws is considered crucial. previous studies have shown a cytokine profile suggesting t immunosuppression and indicating that interleukin 10 (il-10) may play an important role during pcv2 infection. nine 11- to 12-week-old conventional pigs were obtained from commercial farms loca ...201020381172
pathologic and virologic findings in mid-gestational porcine foetuses after experimental inoculation with pcv2a or pcv2b.two major genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) have been described: pcv2a and pcv2b. previous studies mainly used pcv2a to experimentally reproduce reproductive failure in sows. this study aims to determine the clinical and virological outcome of surgical inoculation of 55-day-old immuno-incompetent porcine foetuses with pcv2a or pcv2b. twelve foetuses were inoculated with pcv2: three with the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-associated pcv2a strain stoon-1010, three w ...201020395077
dual heterologous porcine circovirus genogroup 2a/2b infection induces severe disease in germ-free pigs.our primary objectives were to determine: the relative virulence of porcine circovirus (pcv) 2a and pcv2b, if heterologous infection induces severe illness, and the relative concentration of pcv2a and pcv2b in tissues of heterologously infected pigs. in experiment 1, 18 germ-free piglets served as controls or were infected with pcv2a or pcv2b. half were immune stimulated with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (2aklh, 2bklh). no piglets demonstrated severe ...201020409649
first report of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in cuba.to obtain information about the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status of pigs in cuba and the probable association of pcv2 with other porcine viruses, tissue samples collected from ill pigs were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr analysis showed that 67.7% of the samples (23/34) from seven swine herds of six different geographic regions were detected to be positive for pcv2. ten of the 23 pcv2 positive samples (43.5%) shown a concurrent infection with porcine pa ...201020031180
genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains isolated between 2001 and 2009: genotype pcv2b predominate in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome occurrences in eastern china.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the essential infectious agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in the present study, we obtained sequences of 31 pcv2 isolates from different farms of 11 provinces of eastern china and analyzed the genetic characterization of 136 eastern china-derivate pcv2 isolated during 2001-2009. the results showed that these pcv2 isolates could be divided into two groups, pcv2b (108 of 1a/1b, 19 of 1c) and pcv2a (1 of 2a, 2 of 2d, 6 of 2e). among the ...201020043196
combined radionuclide-chemotherapy and in vivo imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma cells after transfection of a triple-gene construct, nis, hsv1-sr39tk, and egfp.the sodium iodine symporter (nis) or mutant herpes-simplex virus type1 sr39 thymidine kinase (hsv1-sr39tk) gene is used for in vivo imaging and cancer therapy. transfection of both nis and hsv1-sr39tk genes to hepatocellular carcinoma cells (huh-7/ntg) could enhance intracellular accumulation of therapeutic radionuclides and guanosine nucleoside analogue prodrugs to produce better outcomes than single gene therapy. non-invasive imaging with i-124, f-18 fhbg and combination therapy with i-131 and ...201019819065
time course differential gene expression in response to porcine circovirus type 2 subclinical infection.this study was aimed at characterizing the potential differences in gene expression in piglets inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the essential causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. seven-day-old caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets were distributed into two groups: control (n = 8) and pigs inoculated with 10(5.2) tcid(50) of the burgos pcv2 isolate (n = 16). one control and three inoculated pigs were necropsied on days 1, 2, 5, and 8 post-infecti ...201019825344
the open reading frame 3 (orf3) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is dispensable for virus infection but evidence of reduced pathogenicity is limited in pigs infected by an orf3-null pcv2 mutant.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases (pcvad) in pigs. the open reading frame (orf) 3 of pcv2 reportedly induces apoptosis and is associated with pcv2 pathogenicity. in this study, we first created an orf3-null pcv2 mutant (mupcv2) by site-directed mutagenesis and demonstrated that the dimerized plasmid dna of mupcv2 clone is infectious when injected intramuscularly (i.m.) into pigs. subsequently, by using a well-characterized p ...201019852989
cytokine mrna expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from piglets experimentally co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) significantly impact the swine industry worldwide. co-infections with these viruses are common and several lines of evidence suggest that both prrsv and pcv2 modify host immune responses that facilitate infection. this study examined cytokine mrna expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from piglets experimentally co-infected with prrsv and pcv2 to define the influence of co ...201019854008
bone marrow depletion with haemorrhagic diathesis in calves in germany: characterization of the disease and preliminary investigations on its aetiology.since 2007 a new fatal haemorrhagic diathesis in calves has been observed in all areas of germany. analysis of 56 cases submitted for necropsy allowed its characterization. calves fell ill within the first month of life independent of breed and sex. only single or a few animals per herd were affected. petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages in many organs and tissues, particularly in skin, subcutis and gastrointestinal tract, were major findings in all animals. microscopically a severe depletion o ...201020135908
detection and genotyping of porcine circovirus in naturally infected pigs by oligo-microarray.a rapid and reliable method for the identification of porcine circovirus (pcv) genotypes based on oligonucleotide microarray hybridization has been developed. the genotype-specific oligonucleotides (22-30 mer) immobilized on the surface of glass slides were selected to bind to the multiple target sites within the replication gene that are conserved among individual pcv genotypes. cy5-labeled dna targets were amplified in a pcr with primers common to both genotypes. the identification of pcv geno ...201020137797
lux real-time pcr assay for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2.light upon extension real-time pcr (lux real-time pcr) assay was developed for the detection of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the primers flanking a 114 bp fragment were selected from orf1. the optimized assay could detect 20 viral copies of pbluescript sk+ plasmid containing inserted pcv2 dna. the dynamic range of quantitative analysis covered a 7-order interval ranging from 20 to 2 x 10(8) genome equivalents per assay with the best results in the range from 2 x 10(2) to 2 x 10(7) viral cop ...201020138916
colostral transmission of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2): reproduction of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs fed milk from pcv-2-infected sows with post-natal porcine parvovirus infection or immunostimulation.post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was reproduced in pigs fed colostrum and milk from porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2)-infected sows and infected post-natally with porcine parvovirus (ppv) or immunostimulated. pregnant sows were inoculated intranasally with either pcv-2 (n=5) or pcv-2-free pk-15 cell lysates (control, n=10) 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date. newborn piglets from five of the control sows were introduced to pcv-2-infected sows (n=6 for each sow) and allowed to ...201020147521
characterization and epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies recognizing n-terminus of rep of porcine circovirus type 2.two genotypes of porcine circovirus (pcv) have been described, the non-pathogenic pcv1 and the pathogenic pcv2 in pigs. pcv-orf1 encodes rep and rep' proteins which have identical n-terminal sequence (repn) within each pcv strain, but repn has only 88% similarity between pcv1 and pcv2. purified repn of pcv2 was used as an immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs). 11 mabs were screened out and established, and they were divided into two groups according to western blot and ifa results. o ...201020152863
infection of cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 and swine influenza virus.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and swine influenza virus (siv) are important pathogens for porcine respiratory disease complex, which is economically significant worldwide. the pathogenesis of pcv2-siv coinfection is unknown. in this study, we focused on establishing a challenge model for pcv2 to determine whether siv influences pcv2 replication and increases the severity of pcv2-associated disease. cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intratracheally with cell culture medi ...201020158948
prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets after weaning on a commercial pig farm in japan.to investigate the transition in concentration of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and antibody for these viruses in serum, serum samples were collected from 29 pigs on weaning day and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 53, 84, and 120 days after weaning. the concentration of circulated prrsv and pcv2 in serum was measured by real-time rt-pcr and real-time pcr, respectively. the specific antibody for prrsv and pcv2 was measured using elisa. prrsv wa ...201020163685
porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-infection and re-inoculation with homologous or heterologous strains: virological, serological, pathological and clinical effects in growing pigs.long-term pcv2 infection and/or concurrent infection with genotypes pcv2a and pcv2b may play a role in the development of clinical porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). to evaluate this premise, 24 11-week-old specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: negative controls, a single inoculation with pcv2a, single inoculation followed by re-inoculation with a homologous pcv2a strain, or repeated inoculations with heterologous strains (pcv2a, pcv2b). pigs ...201020167193
an investigation of the pathology and pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex in denmark.respiratory infections are among the most important diseases of growing pigs. in order to elucidate the multifactorial aetiology of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) in denmark, lungs from 148 finishing pigs with cranioventral bronchopneumonia (case group) and 60 pigs without lung lesions (control group) were collected from abattoirs. the pathogens involved in prdc and their interactions were identified and linked to the histopathological diagnosis. the lung samples were cultured for ba ...201020181357
molecular characterization, induced expression, and transcriptional regulation of porcine s100a12 gene.the s100a12 gene belongs to the s100 family of genes, which are specific to vertebrates. it is involved in many inflammatory diseases of human and has been considered as a powerful diagnostic gene. in the present study, we identified the porcine s100a12 (ps100a12) gene, provided evidence that ps100a12 is located on chromosome 4 and is closely linked to sw512. we show that ps100a12 is expressed preferentially in immune organs/tissues, e.g., bone marrow, spleen, and inguinal lymph nodes. expressio ...201020189650
efficacy of different protocols of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in a farm affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws).in order to control growing problems associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) several vaccines for piglets or sows were introduced recently. an objective of the study was to compare an efficacy of three different vaccination protocols in the herd with acute postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) outbreak affecting 3-month-old pigs. all of three applied protocols, namely vaccination of sows, piglets or sows and piglets with circovac proved to be efficacious in controlling of pm ...201019910048
development and validation of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for detection of prrsv.to establish a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method for rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), four primers specific to six regions of the n gene were designed. after amplification in an isothermal water bath for 1 h, samples containing prrsv generated the expected ladder-like products while porcine parvovirus, porcine circovirus, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus, and swine testis cells generated no pr ...201019911264
a study on the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 infections in dutch fattening pigs with respiratory diseases.this study was set up to get more insights in the severity and relevance of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infections in dutch fattening farms in an endemic pcv2-situation with no clinical signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in part a of the study, in total 29 commercial fattening farms with varying percentages of pneumonia and pleurisy at slaughter were examined. blood samples were collected at random by cross-sectional sampling; 10 in the age of 10-12 weeks, 10 at th ...201019913367
comparison of the effectiveness of passive (dam) versus active (piglet) immunization against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and impact of passively derived pcv2 vaccine-induced immunity on vaccination.the objectives of this study were (1) to compare the efficacy of two different pcv2 vaccination protocols (colostrum-derived immunity versus piglet vaccination) in a conventional pcv2 growing pig challenge model and (2) to evaluate the efficacy of vaccinating piglets with the same vaccine used in the dams. two different commercially available vaccines (vac1; vac2) were used in the same experiment. seventy-eight piglets born to vaccinated or non-vaccinated sows were divided into 8 groups. a propo ...201019913369
differential effects of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccination on pcv2 genotypes at japanese pig farms.infection of pigs with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes a variety of disorders collectively referred to as porcine circovirus associated diseases (pcvads). pcv2 isolates can be classified into two major types: pcv2a and pcv2b. in the present study, effects of vaccination on antibody titers in sera, pcv2 viremia, and shedding of pcv2 in feces were studied on japanese commercial pig farms where vaccination of piglets against pcv2 was performed using commercially available vaccines. the effe ...201019915335
multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) of pcv2 genomes: applications on detection, sequencing and virus isolation.multiply-primed rolling-circle amplification (mprca) was used to amplify porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genomes isolated from tissues of pigs with signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). two of the amplified pcv2 genomes were cloned in prokaryotic plasmids and sequenced. both were nearly identical (1767 nt) except for one silent substitution in the region coding for the capsid protein (orf2). in addition, they showed high nucleotide sequence similarity with pcv2 isolates f ...201019917510
development and evaluation of rapid detection of classical swine fever virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp).a one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and a set of primers designed based on the e2 gene reference sequences of the csfv. the assay was optimized to amplify csfv rna by incubation at 63 degrees c for 50 min. the rt-lamp amplification products had a ladder-like appearance when electrophoresed on an agarose gel. the rt-lamp assay showed higher sensitivity than the conventional rt-pcr, ...201019931578
recombinant prrsv expressing porcine circovirus sequence reveals novel aspect of transcriptional control of porcine arterivirus.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) expresses its genes via a set of nested subgenomic (sg) mrnas. such discontinuous transcription is unique yet poorly understood for arterivirus. the utilization of transcription-regulating sequence (trs) remains a puzzle, as many trs-like sequences exist in viral genome, yet only six or seven sg mrnas were transcribed in arterivirus infected cells. to investigate the transcriptional control of the porcine arterivirus, a recombinant prrs ...201019951727
detection of truncated circular dna species in escherichia coli with a pcv2-containing plasmid with a single pcv2 origin of replication.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small circular single-stranded dna virus that causes postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs. cloning of the pcv2 genome in a plasmid allows the construction of infectious clones. our objective was to clone single pcv2 genomes from an isolate containing a mixture of strains, in a plasmid in order to obtain pure pcv2 strains.201019955818
porcine circovirus type 2 orf3 protein competes with p53 in binding to pirh2 and mediates the deregulation of p53 homeostasis.the orf3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) causes apoptosis in virus-infected cells and is not essential for virus replication. the orf3 protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the pcv2 infection in mouse models and spf piglets. the orf3 protein interacts with the porcine homologue of pirh2 (ppirh2), a p53-induced ubiquitin-protein e3 ligase, which regulates p53 ubiquitination. here, we present our study analyzing the details of the molecular interaction between these th ...201020004925
dietary aluminosilicate supplement enhances immune activity in mice and reinforces clearance of porcine circovirus type 2 in experimentally infected pigs.aluminosilicate is the major component of clay minerals such as zeolite, bentonite and clinoptilolite. the minerals possess a number of beneficial activities, especially in regulating the immune system. the aims of the present study were to evaluate immune enhancing effects of dietary aluminosilicate supplement (das) in mice, and to demonstrate clearance effects of das against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in experimentally infected pigs as an initial step towards the development of an antibi ...201020022715
replication efficiency of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids derived from porcine circovirus 2 in eukaryotic cells.in this study, a method was developed to measure replication rates of rolling-circle replicon-based plasmids in eukaryotic cells. this method is based on the discriminative quantitation of mboi-resistant, non-replicated input plasmids and dpni-resistant, replicated plasmids. to do so, porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) replicon-based plasmids were constructed. these plasmids contained the pcv2 origin of replication, the pcv2 rep promoter and the pcv2 rep gene. the results show that the replication ...201020026194
systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent porcine circovirus-2 infection in a pig.systemic toxoplasmosis and concurrent infection with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) was diagnosed in a fattening pig. clinical examination of the herd showed that up to 30% of the pigs of this weight group suffered from severe respiratory signs including sneezing and coughing, with a mortality rate of up to 5%. gross necropsy examination revealed severe interstitial pneumonia and generalized lymphadenopathy. on microscopical examination there was necrotizing inflammation of the lung, adrenal gland ...201019740479
occurrence and tissue distribution of porcine circovirus type 2 identified by immunohistochemistry in danish finishing pigs at slaughter.infection with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) may be subclinical or lead to the development of porcine circovirus disease (pcvd), which includes the entities of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and the porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc). pcv2 infection and pmws occur in the early post-weaning period and are also recognized in finishing pigs of 12-19 weeks of age. the aim of the present study was to assess the role of pcv2 infection in disease of finishing pigs. accord ...201019744669
genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs in republic of korea.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in this study, 38 pcv2 cases obtained from different pig farms with different health conditions in republic of korea were sequenced and analyzed. phylogenetic analysis showed that our cases had a greater variation and the existence of two pcv2 groups with at least four subgroups (1a, 1c, 2d, and 2e). most cases obtained from pmws-affected herds were in group 1, whereas cases with no clin ...201019744683
distribution of orf2 and orf3 genotypes of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) in wild boars and domestic pigs in germany.porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2), the essential infectious agent in pcvd (porcine circovirus diseases) circulates at high rates among domestic pig and wild boar populations. wild boars may be viremic and shed the virus with excretions and secretions, and thus serve as a reservoir for domestic pig pcv-2 infection. we hypothesize that pcv-2 strains circulating in wild boars and in domestic pigs are significantly different and thus, partially independent. to prove this hypothesis, the present study inv ...201020869816
development of a blocking elisa for detection of serum neutralizing antibodies against porcine circovirus type 2.a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based blocking elisa was developed for the detection of serum neutralizing antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the mab with neutralizing activity, which was produced by immunizing a recombinant capsid protein of pcv2 expressed in insect cells, was used as the detector antibody. the assay was evaluated in comparison with a serum neutralization assay, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined to be 98.8% and 88.5%, respectively. a significant posit ...201020923690
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection at the time of porcine circovirus type 2 vaccination has no impact on vaccine efficacy.several porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) vaccines are now commercially available and have been shown to be effective at decreasing the occurrence of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). many herds are coinfected with pcv2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). some producers and veterinarians are concerned that if pigs are vaccinated for pcv2 at or near the time that they are typically infected with prrsv, the efficacy of the pcv2 vaccine will be compromised. ...201020926694
investigation of a pig herd with animals seropositive for classical swine fever and where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed.aim: to investigate the cause of classical swine fever (csf) virus-seropositive animals in a nucleus pig-breeding herd in new zealand, where porcine circovirus-associated disease had been diagnosed. case history and clinical findings: an exotic disease investigation was undertaken to exclude csf and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) on a nucleus pig-breeding herd comprising approximately 300 breeding sows, 1,000 weaners, and 650 grower pigs. the herd was experiencing poor repr ...201020927176
identification of an amino acid domain encoded by the capsid gene of porcine circovirus type 2 that modulates intracellular viral protein distribution during replication.previous work showed that distinct amino acid motifs are encoded by the rep, cap and orf3 genes of two subgroups of porcine circoviruses (pcv), pcv2a and pcv2b. at a specific location of the gene, a certain amino acid residue or sequence is preferred. specifically, two amino acid domains located in the capsid protein, designated motif-1 (six residues located at positions 86-91) and motif-2 (four residues at positions 190-191-206-210), have been identified to associate with either pcv2a (motif-1a ...201020933555
porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2): genetic variation and newly emerging genotypes in china.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), is a serious economic problem for the swine industry in china. in this study, we investigated the genetic variation of pcv2 in china using strains isolated from 2004-2008. viruses were isolated from samples collected from pigs with multi-systemic lesions and clinical signs of pmws from different regions of china, and the genomes of these viruses were sequenced. the assembled sequences were ...201020955622
development and validation of an elisa using a protein encoded by orf2 antigenic domain of porcine circovirus type 2.the capsid protein (orf2) is a major structural protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). a simple and reliable diagnostic method based on orf2 protein immunoreactivity would serve as a valuable diagnostic method for detecting serum antibodies to pcv2 and monitoring pcv infection. here, we reported an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) by using an antigenic domain (113-147aa) of orf2-encoded antigen, expressed in e. coli, for diagnosis of pcv infection.201020958981
a novel rt-lamp assay for rapid and simple detection of classical swine fever virus.a simple and rapid assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) was established using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp). this study describes the amplification of the genomic rna of csfv under isothermal conditions (63 °c) within one hour, using a set of six primers (two outer primers, two inner primers and two loop primers). this rt-lamp assay showed 100-fold higher sensitivity than the standard rt-pcr method and identified eighteen addition ...201020960285
an elisa based on a truncated soluble orf2 protein for the detection of pcv2 antibodies in domestic pigs.postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is an important swine disease that is closely associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). the capsid protein (cap protein) is a major structural protein that has at least three immunoreactive regions, and it can be a suitable candidate antigen for detecting the specific antibodies of a pcv2 infection. in the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tcelisa) based on a truncated soluble cap protein produced in escherichi ...201020960293
prokaryotic expression and potential application of the truncated pcv-2 capsid protein.three pairs of specific primers were designed to amplify the f2-1, f2-2 and xf2-2 truncated sequences of orf2 which encodes the capsid protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). the f2-1 sequence had most of the nls region of orf2, but the f2-2 and xf2-2 genes had the nls region deleted. truncated genes were subcloned into pet-32a(+) vectors to construct recombinant fusion expression vectors. the vectors were then transformed into rosetta(de3) e. coli and expressed by induction of iptg. expre ...201020960305
high prevalence of porcine circovirus viremia in newborn piglets in five clinically normal swine breeding herds in north america.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) can be vertically transmitted resulting in fetal infection with or without clinical signs and lesions. the primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of intrauterine pcv2 infection in clinically normal newborn piglets in conventional pork production facilities. five commercial breeding herds located in the u.s. and mexico were included in the study. a total of 125 sows and 3-5 neonatal piglets per sow were arbitrarily selected. blood and colostr ...201020970864
bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in swine associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection.bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) is a chronic respiratory disease. although the pathogenesis of boop is still incompletely understood, boop is responsive to steroids and has a good prognosis. in our five pigs with chronic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), typical boop lesions were revealed. all five porcine lungs showed typical intraluminal plugs, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was identified. they also exhibited similar pathologic findings such as prol ...201020976305
the porcine circovirus type 1 in porcine kidney 15 cell line is not transferred to mice lymphoid cells after xenoimplantation into the peritoneal cavity.the porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) has been identified within lymphoid tissues of experimental infected pigs and suggested to induce an immunosuppressive stage in pigs. the virus does not induce a cytophatic effect in the pig-derived cell line pk-15. because pcv1 is prevalent in many pig cells and tissues, the risk of inducing a viral xenozoonosis by pcv1 was raised for the xenoimplantation of pig cells into human hosts. the present work evaluated if pcv1 is able to replicate in mice tissues a ...201020977832
molecular characterization of porcine circovirus 2 isolated from diseased pigs co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.in this study, we isolated a porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) strain from piglets co-infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the complete genome of this strain was sequenced, phylogenetic and polymorphic analyses were carried out. blast searches revealed the highest sequence identity (99.5% nt and 99.3% aa) to guangxi strain ef675230. the phylogenetic tree showed that clustering of the isolates didn't strongly correlate to geographical distribution. polymorphic anal ...201020979625
cytokine induction by immunostimulatory dna in porcine pbmc is impaired by a hairpin forming sequence motif from the genome of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2).porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) can cause postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in young pigs with severe immunosuppression as a major characteristic of the disease complex. despite the dramatic involvement of the immune system, the interaction between pcv2 and the host is until date not well understood. the dna genome of pcv2 contains sequences that in synthetic form (oligodeoxyribonucleotides; odns) can act immunomodulatory on porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (popbmcs) i ...201020980058
assessment and quantification of post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome severity at farm level.post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (pmws) causes major economic losses for the english pig industry and severity of clinical signs and economic impact vary considerably between affected farms. we present here a novel approach to quantify severity of pmws based on morbidity and mortality data and presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). in 2008-2009, 147 pig farms across england, non-vaccinating for pcv2, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. factor analysis was used to generat ...201021036410
novel chimeric porcine circovirus (pcv) with the capsid gene of the emerging pcv2b subtype cloned in the genomic backbone of the non-pathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in vivo and induces protective and cross-protective immunity against pcv2b and pcv2a subtypes in pigs.porcine circovirus type-2b (pcv2b) is the primary global causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad). in this study, we first constructed a novel chimeric virus (pcv1-2b) with the pcv2b capsid gene cloned into the backbone of non-pathogenic pcv1. a pathogenicity study conducted in caesarean-derived colostrum-deprived pigs showed that pigs inoculated with pcv1-2b (n=10) had decreased lymphoid lesions and significantly lower viral load at 21 dpi, and significantly lower viremi ...201021044670
identification of a new antigen epitope in the nuclear localization signal region of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic syndrome in pigs. the capsid (cap) protein encoded by orf2 is the main structural protein involved in the host immune protective response to pcv2. it is therefore important to map the antigenic epitopes of the pcv2 cap protein.201021051902
singular pcv2a or pcv2b infection results in apoptosis of hepatocytes in clinically affected gnotobiotic pigs.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is clinically associated with respiratory disease, failure-to-thrive, hepatitis, and diarrhea; however, the precise pathogenesis of pcv2-associated disease and in particular its involvement in apoptosis is still controversial. the objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether pcv2 is associated with apoptosis by examining and comparing hepatic tissues from clinically affected or unaffected gnotobiotic pigs that were experimentally infected with pcv2, (2) ...201021074229
epidemiology and horizontal transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2).porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a small, non-enveloped, circular, single-stranded dna virus of economic importance in the swine industry worldwide. based on the sequence analyses of pcv2 strains, isolates can be divided into five subtypes (pcv2a-e). pcv2 is an ubiquitous virus based on serological and viremia data from countries worldwide. in addition, pcv2 dna was discovered in archived samples prior to the first recognition of clinical disease. recently, a worldwide shift in pcv2 subtype f ...201021087576
distribution of porcine circovirus 2 cap antigen in the lymphoid tissue of pigs affected by postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.the lymphatic organs of 50 pigs from a total of eight farms located at different sites in the epizootiological region of north bačka county were studied to obtain data on the prevalence of circoviral infections in serbia. all of the pigs examined had clinical signs suggestive of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). all pigs underwent necropsy and tissue samples were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical (ihc) and pcr analysis. the presence of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) ...201021087918
analysis of porcine circovirus type 1 detected in rotarix vaccine.a metagenomic analysis of live human vaccines has recently demonstrated the presence of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) dna in the paediatric vaccine rotarix used in the prevention of acute gastroenteritis. using real-time pcr for pcv1, titres of pcv1 dna in several batches of rotarix were found to be in the order of 6-7 log(10) copies per dose. pre-treatment of the reconstituted vaccine with the nuclease benzonase, followed by extraction of nucleic acid and quantification of pcv1 dna by real-t ...201021093497
shedding and infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) after experimental infection.the objective of this study was to determine the amount and infectivity of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions following experimental infection. fecal, oral and nasal swabs and blood were collected at regular intervals until 69 days post-inoculation (dpi) from five pcv2-experimentally inoculated pigs (trial 1). to assess the infectivity of the pcv2 present in excretions, secretions, and on a hypodermic needle, 26 pcv2-naïve pigs (trial 2) were inoculated wit ...201021111547
shedding and infection dynamics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) after natural exposure.the objective of this study was to determine the amount of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions over time following natural pcv2 infection. fecal, oral and nasal swabs and blood were collected at regular intervals starting at 28 days post-farrowing (dpf) until 209 dpf from four pigs naturally infected with pcv2. pcv2 dna was detected in all sample types. there were no differences in the amount of pcv2 dna present in different sample types over time. pcv2 dna ...201021111548
further comments on porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) genotype definition and nomenclature. 201021112703
detection of porcine parvovirus using a taqman-based real-time pcr with primers and probe designed for the ns1 gene.a taqman-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was devised for the detection of porcine parvovirus (ppv). two primers and a taqman probe for the non-structural protein ns1 gene were designed. the detection limit was 1 x 10² dna copies/μl, and the assay was linear in the range of 1 x 10² to 1 x 10⁹ copies/μl. there was no cross-reaction with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), pseudorabies virus (prv), classical swine fever vir ...201021126330
immunopathological characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 infection-associated follicular changes in inguinal lymph nodes using high-throughput tissue microarray.the immunopathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection in conventional pigs is complicated by various environmental factors and individual variation and is difficult to be completely reproduced experimentally. in the present field-based study, a tissue microarray (tma) consisting of a series of lymphoid follicles having different pcv2-loads was constructed using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded superficial inguinal lymph nodes (lns) from 102 pigs. using the tma, a wide range of ...201021126833
shedding pattern and serological profile of porcine circovirus type 2 infection in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived and farm-raised pigs.six 5-week-old porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-free, cesarean-derived, colostrums-deprived (cdcd) pigs were inoculated intranasally with 10(6) tcid(50) of pcv2. four cdcd pigs were untreated cohabitants. forty farm-raised pigs from two pcv2-contaminated herds were randomly selected for pcv2 trace investigations. blood, nasal, oropharyngeal and fecal samples were collected from all tested pigs weekly. the pcv2 dna shed at 6-11 and 7-12 weeks of age for pcv2-inoculated pigs and cohabitants, respe ...201021139354
orf3 of porcine circovirus 2 enhances the in vitro and in vivo spread of the of the virus.the orf3 protein of the pathogenic porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) causes apoptosis of the virus-infected cells. in pcv2-infected piglets, orf3 induces b and cd4 t lymphocyte depletion and lymphoid organ destruction and the orf3-deficient pcv2 is attenuated in its pathogenicity (virology, 383 (2009), 338). in addition to its role in causing the apoptosis of the immune cells, characteristic of the pcv2 infection associated disease conditions, the orf3 also plays a role in the systemic dissemination o ...201021144544
house fly vector for porcine circovirus 2b on commercial pig farms.we investigated the on-farm potential of common farm invertebrates to transmit porcine circovirus genotype 2 (pcv2) and other non-enveloped viruses. in 2007 (pre-pcv2 vaccination) and 2008 (post-pcv2 vaccination), invertebrate communities were trap-collected (8 trap-dates per year), counted and sorted into genus and species groups on 5 farm study sites within england. total dna was extracted from feces of representational cross-sections of pigs on each farm in each year and also from intact samp ...201021145672
porcine circovirus-2 viral load versus lesions in pigs: perspectives for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) is the main agent related to post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and it is also associated with other syndromes affecting pigs. not all pigs infected with pcv-2 will develop pmws and the incidence of pmws is higher when coinfecting viral and bacterial pathogens are present. in this study, pcv-2 viral loads were evaluated in the tissues of animals with and without pmws in order to investigate the relationship between viral load and microscopical lesions ...201021168851
effect of vaccination of boars against porcine circovirus type 2 on ejaculate characteristics, serum antibody titers, viremia, and semen virus shedding.the objective of this research was to determine the effect of vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) on ejaculate characteristics, pcv2-specific antibody titers in serum, viremia, and viral shedding in the semen of pcv2-positive boars. before vaccination, all boars were confirmed by pcr to be naturally infected with pcv2. the boars were vaccinated with a commercial killed vaccine against pcv2 (n = 5) or served as controls and received 2 ml of 0.9% saline (n = 5). semen and blood sa ...201021169515
cytokine and chemokine mrna expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected or coinfected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo).the objective of this study was to determine cytokine and chemokine mrna expression profiles in tracheobronchial lymph nodes from pigs singularly infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mhyo), or coinfected with both. twenty-eight pigs were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (1) negative controls (neg), (2) inoculated with mhyo (imhyo), (3) inoculated with mhyo and pcv2 (coi), and (4) inoculated with pcv2 (ipcv2). mhyo infection significantly (p<0.05) stim ...201021176971
possible cross-species transmission of circoviruses and cycloviruses among farm animals.circoviruses consist of highly prevalent and genetically diverse porcine and avian pathogens. the genomes of cycloviruses, a proposed new genus in the family circoviridae, were recently identified in human and chimpanzee faeces. here, six cyclovirus and four circovirus genomes from the tissues of chickens, goats, cows, and a bat were amplified and sequenced using rolling-circle amplification and inverse pcr. a goat cyclovirus was nearly identical to a cyclovirus from a cow. usa beef contained ci ...201021177928
observations of variable inter-observer agreement for clinical evaluation of faecal consistency in grow-finishing pigs.inter-observer agreement for assessment of faecal consistency in pigs was evaluated using a scoring system with 3 categories. in a pilot study, 3 observers performed an examination of faecal samples post-collection. the samples were obtained from pigs (12-13 weeks old) in 4 herds with a history of diarrhoea associated with lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira spp. and/or porcine circovirus type 2. observer 1 examined all the faecal samples from the 4 herds. observer 2 only examined the faecal s ...201021183234
spread of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in ontario (canada) swine herds: part ii. matched case-control study.the emergence of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) was associated with high mortality in swine populations worldwide. studies performed in different regions identified spatial, temporal, and spatio-temporal trends as factors contributing to patterns of the disease spread. patterns consistent with spatial trend and spatio-temporal clustering were already identified in this dataset. on the basis of these results, we have further investigated the nature of local spread in this report. t ...201021190586
spread of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) in ontario (canada) swine herds: part i. exploratory spatial analysis.the systemic form of porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad), also known as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) was initially detected in the early 1990s. starting in 2004, the canadian swine industry experienced considerable losses due to pcvad, concurrent with a shift in genotype of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). objectives of the current study were to explore spatial characteristics of self-reported pcvad distribution in ontario between 2004 and 2008, and to investigate ...201021190587
rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using a taqman-based real-time pcr.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and the associated disease postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) have caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. rapid detection of pcv2 is very important for the effective prophylaxis and treatment of pmws. to establish a sensitive, specific assay for the detection and quantitation of pcv2, we designed and synthesized specific primers and a probe in the open reading frame 2. the assay had a wide dynamic range with excellent linearit ...201021192832
post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) clinical expression under field conditions is modulated by the pig genetic background.post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a worldwide distributed disease of multifactorial origin and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been identified as its essential infectious aetiology. pig genetic background has been pointed to influence disease expression. in the present study, three different boar lines, namely a (100% pietrain), b (50% large white × 50% pietrain) and c (25% large white × 75% duroc), were used to inseminate sows from the same genetic line (37.5% large whi ...201021215535
one dose of a porcine circovirus 2 subunit vaccine induces humoral and cell-mediated immunity and protects against porcine circovirus-associated disease under field conditions.this study investigated the efficacy of a one-dose porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) subunit vaccine based on the pcv2 cap protein expressed in a baculovirus system on two different farms at which a history of porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvd) was present. morbidity, mortality, average daily weight gain, carcass weight, pcv2 load in serum and vaccine immunogenicity were assessed. serology to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was perform ...201021216540
investigations on the prevalence and potential pathogenicity of intestinal trichomonads in pigs using in situ hybridization.in pigs, three different trichomonad species (tritrichomonas foetus, tetratrichomonas buttreyi and tritrichomonas rotunda) have been described as commensals in the large intestine. the aim of this study was to gain further knowledge on the prevalence and pathogenicity of trichomonads in pigs by using a morphology-based approach. chromogenic in situ hybridization (ish) is a technique which allows direct localization of the protozoa in the intestinal tissue and correlation of the infection with pa ...201021236578
tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation weaning in children affected by respiratory virus according to a weaning protocol in a pediatric intensive care unit in argentina: an observational restrospective trial.we describe difficult weaning after prolonged mechanical ventilation in three tracheostomized children affected by respiratory virus infection. although the spontaneous breathing trials were successful, the patients failed all extubations. therefore a tracheostomy was performed and the weaning plan was begun. the strategy for weaning was the decrease of ventilation support combining pressure control ventilation (pcv) with increasing periods of continuous positive airway pressure + pressure suppo ...201121244710
hepatitis g virus associated aplastic anemia: a recent case from pakistan.aplastic anemia (aa) is a serious and rare disorder characterized by a hypocellular bone marrow. hepatitis associated aplastic anemia (haaa) is a variant of aplastic anemia in which aplastic anemia follows an acute attack of hepatitis. several reports have noted an association between hgv and hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia besides other hepatitis causing viruses.201121251303
development of an in situ assay for simultaneous detection of the genomic and replicative form of pcv2 using padlock probes and rolling circle amplification.in this study we utilized padlock probes and rolling circle amplification as a mean to detect and study the replication of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in cultured cells and in infected tissue. porcine circovirus type 2 is a single-stranded circular dna virus associated with several severe diseases, porcine circovirus diseases (pcvd) in pigs, such as postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. the exact reason and mechanisms behind the trigger of pcv2 replication that is associated with thes ...201121261961
utility of a panviral microarray for detection of swine respiratory viruses in clinical samples.several factors have recently converged, elevating the need for highly parallel diagnostic platforms that have the ability to detect many known, novel, and emerging pathogenic agents simultaneously. panviral dna microarrays represent the most robust approach for massively parallel viral surveillance and detection. the virochip is a panviral dna microarray that is capable of detecting all known viruses, as well as novel viruses related to known viral families, in a single assay and has been used ...201121270231
commercially produced spray-dried porcine plasma contains increased concentrations of porcine circovirus type 2 dna but does not transmit porcine circovirus type 2 when fed to naive pigs.the porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antibody and dna status of porcine plasma products collected during the commercial spray-drying process were evaluated. samples evaluated included 52 pooled liquid plasma (fresh) samples collected at 14 regional abattoirs before transport to 1 of 2 spray-drying facilities, 32 pooled liquid plasma (concentrated) samples collected after arrival at the spray-drying facilities at different stages before the spray-drying process, and 32 samples in powdered form (s ...201121278103
viral distribution and lesions in kunming mice experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2b.the viral distribution and lesions in kunming mice experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2b (pcv-2b) were investigated. seventy special pathogen free mice were divided into 2 groups with 35 mice in each group. the test group (tg) was infected with pcv-2b, the control group (cg) was inoculated with sterile cell cultures. five mice in each group were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 dpi (day post infection), respectively. necropsies were performed on all mice and tissues we ...201121287271
the porcine circovirus type 1 capsid gene promoter improves antigen expression and immunogenicity in a hiv-1 plasmid vaccine.one of the promising avenues for development of vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and other human pathogens is the use of plasmid-based dna vaccines. however, relatively large doses of plasmid must be injected for a relatively weak response. we investigated whether genome elements from porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv-1), an apathogenic small ssdna-containing virus, had useful expression-enhancing properties that could allow dose-sparing in a plasmid vaccine.201121299896
the nuclear localization signal sequence of porcine circovirus type 2 orf2 enhances intracellular delivery of plasmid dna.the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane is a natural barrier that prevents large molecules from entering the cell. cationic liposomes are commonly used for transfection of plasmid dna but they have high cost and toxicity. many reports have shown that cell-penetrating peptides (cpp) are able to translocate across the cell membrane efficiently. the vp22 peptide of herpes simplex virus (hsv) was synthesized as a cpp. two fusion protein candidates, containing binding/condensing protein (vp22-t ...201121305328
chimeric porcine circoviruses (pcv) containing amino acid epitope tags in the c terminus of the capsid gene are infectious and elicit both anti-epitope tag antibodies and anti-pcv type 2 neutralizing antibodies in pigs.a chimeric porcine circovirus (pcv1-2) with the capsid gene of pathogenic pcv2 cloned into the genomic backbone of nonpathogenic pcv1 is attenuated in pigs but elicits protective immunity against pcv2. in this study, short epitope tags were inserted into the c terminus of the capsid protein of the chimeric pcv1-2 vaccine virus, resulting in a tractable marker virus that is infectious both in vitro and in vivo. pigs experimentally infected with the epitope-tagged pcv1-2 vaccine viruses produced t ...201121307200
experimental reproduction of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated enteritis in pigs infected with pcv2 alone or concurrently with lawsonia intracellularis or salmonella typhimurium.porcine circovirus (pcv)-associated disease (pcvad) has emerged to become one of the most economically important pig diseases globally. one of the less commonly recognized clinical manifestations of pcvad is pcv2 type 2 (pcv2)-associated enteritis in growing pigs; however, experimental confirmation of the ability of pcv2 alone or pcv2 coinfection with other agent(s) to induce enteritis is lacking. in this study, 120 specific-pathogen-free (spf) pigs were divided randomly into six groups: control ...201121334002
characterization of a new disease syndrome associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in previously vaccinated herds.porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcvad) encompasses a group of wasting syndromes linked to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2). this paper describes a new pcv2 disease syndrome, called acute pulmonary edema (ape), which, unlike other pcvad syndromes, has a peracute onset and is associated with herds vaccinated for pcv2.201121346043
absence of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and high prevalence of pcv 2 exposure and infection in swine finisher herds.porcine circovirus (pcv) appeared in 1974 as an unidentified, innocuous viral inhabitant of cell cultures and pigs. today pcv1 is a contaminant of some human vaccines, and pcv2 is a major pathogen of swine. pcv1 is reportedly ubiquitous in swine but nonpathogenic. since the interplay of pcv1 and pcv2 in swine might explain variable disease results and shed light on the potential for human exposure, we analyzed in depth the prevalence of pcv1 and pcv2 infection and exposure in the u.s. finishing ...201121352865
comparative efficacy of commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) vaccines in pigs experimentally infected with m. hyopneumoniae and pcv2.the efficacies of two commercial mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterins and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) vaccines were compared in conventional pigs immunized at different ages based on humoral response, pathological observation, and growth performance from birth to finishing (175 days of age) using a m. hyopneumoniae and pcv2 co-infection challenge model. one-week-old pigs (n=110) were randomly assigned to five groups: three vaccinated and challenged (vc), and one each of non-vaccinated and challeng ...201121354247
genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 in piglets from pmws-affected and -negative farms in thailand.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the major swine pathogen associated with porcine circovirus associated disease (pcvad) including post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). currently, there are 4 subtypes of pcv2 (pcv2a, b, c and d) and some epidemiological evidences demonstrated that virulence of pcv2 may relate to its subtypes. recently, pmws was observed more frequently in swine farms in thailand; however, the information regarding to pcv2 subtype involved was limited. therefore, ...201121356069
reproductive losses associated with porcine circovirus type 2 in a japanese herd of seronegative sows.from april to july 2009, there was a high rate of reproductive losses in a 30-sow, farrow-to-finish swine herd in yamagata prefecture, japan. histopathological examinations of heart tissue from stillborn and preweaning piglets showed nonsuppurative, necrotizing lesions. immunohistochemical staining and polymerase chain reaction analysis of myocardial lesions revealed the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) antigens and dna in these tissues. indirect immunofluorescence also showed that t ...201121358147
epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in jeju island, korea.epidemiological characteristics of swine pulmonary pneumocystis (p.) carinii and concurrent infections were surveyed on jeju island, korea, within a designated period in 172 pigs submitted from 54 farms to the department of veterinary medicine, jeju national university. the submitted cases were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, pcr/rt-pcr, and bacteriology. p. carinii infection was confirmed in 39 (22.7%) of the 172 pigs. histopathologically, the lungs had moderate to severe lym ...201121368558
interlaboratory comparison of porcine circovirus-2 indirect immunofluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results on experimentally infected pigs.a blinded interlaboratory assessment of the diagnostic agreement and accuracy of serologic tests for routine detection of antibodies against porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2), including indirect fluorescent antibody tests (ifats) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) was conducted in 7 north american laboratories. serum samples were collected weekly, on trial days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49, from the following groups of animals: 1) negative controls (n ôçè=ôçè 7), 2) pcv-2a (n ôçè=ôçè ...201121398438
theoretical and experimental approaches to estimate the usefulness of pooled serum samples for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome.classical postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) diagnosis is based on postmortem findings (histopathology plus viral detection in lymphoid tissues). because one of the major differences between pmws-affected and nonaffected pigs is porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2) load in serum and tissues, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) has been suggested as a potential diagnostic technique for the disease. the objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of qp ...201121398441
detection of influenza a virus in porcine oral fluid samples.porcine oral fluids have been used for the detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus-2. the objective of the present study was to determine whether influenza a virus (fluav) is present in porcine oral fluids at detectable levels and to validate a standard fluav molecular diagnostic test for porcine oral fluids. pen-based oral fluid samples were collected on 3, 4, 5, and 6 days postinfection (dpi) from 4 groups of 6 pigs each that were inoculated intr ...201121398442
specific, simple and rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). it has caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. rapid detection of pcv2 is very important for the effective prophylaxis and treatment of pmws.201121414233
porcine circovirus-associated disease in weaner pigs in western australia.to report the occurrence and pathology of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2)-associated disease (pcvad) of postweaning pigs in two australian pig herds.201121418168
antibody recognition of porcine circovirus type 2 capsid protein epitopes after vaccination, infection, and disease.open reading frame 2 (orf2) of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) codes for the 233-amino-acid capsid protein (cp). baculovirus-based vaccines that express only orf2 are protective against clinical disease following experimental challenge or natural infection. the goal of this study was to identify regions in cp preferentially recognized by sera from experimentally infected and vaccinated pigs and to compare these responses to those of pigs diagnosed with porcine circovirus-associated disease (pcv ...201121430122
modification of pcv-2 virulence by substitution of the genogroup motif of the capsid protein.abstract: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) is the causal agent of the post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). pcv-2 are small single-stranded circular dna viruses clustered into two main genogroups: pcv-2a and pcv-2b. each genogroup present a specific highly-conserved motif of six amino acids (between amino acids 86 and 91) in the pcv-2 capsid protein. the aim of this study was to verify whether the motif located in the capsid protein and specific to each pcv-2 genogroup contributes ...201121435235
expression of the putative orf1 capsid protein of torque teno sus virus 2 (ttsuv2) and development of western blot and elisa serodiagnostic assays: correlation between ttsuv2 viral load and igg antibody level in pigs.porcine torque teno virus (ttv) has a single-stranded circular dna genome and is currently classified into a new genus iotatorquevirus with two species in a newly established family anelloviridae. viral dna of both porcine ttv species (ttsuv1 and ttsuv2) has a high prevalence in both healthy and diseased pigs worldwide and multiple infections of ttsuv with distinct genotypes or subtypes of the same species has been documented in the united states and in europe. however, the prevalence of specifi ...201121439334
Refresh
firstprev
12345678910...
nextlast
Displaying items 701 - 800 of 1591