Publications

glyoxal oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium is a new radical-copper oxidase.	a free radical-coupled copper complex has been identified as the catalytic structure in the active site of glyoxal oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium based on a combination of spectroscopic and biochemical studies. the native (inactive) enzyme is activated by oxidants leading to the elimination of the cupric epr signal consistent with formation of an antiferromagnetically coupled radical-copper complex. oxidation also leads to the appearance of a substoichiometric free radical epr signal w ...	1996	8557673
cutaneous mycoses in chameleons caused by the chrysosporium anamorph of nannizziopsis vriesii (apinis) currah.	a dermatophyte-like fungus was isolated from skin biopsies of three different species of captive chameleon in which fungal elements had been observed by histologic examination. an adult parson's chameleon (chamaeleo parsonii) presented with vesicles that became crusty brown lesions on the limbs and body. skin biopsies revealed fungal hyphae in the affected epidermis and underlying dermis. the lesions regressed fully after oral administration of itraconazole. an adult jewel chameleon (chamaeleo l ...	1997	9523639
in vitro activity of voriconazole against yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with fluconazole, amphotericin b and griseofulvin.	voriconazole (cas 137234-62-9, uk-109,496), a new antifungal triazole derivative, was studied in vitro against 650 clinical isolates, representing yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes, and was compared with fluconazole (cas 86386-73-4), amphotericin b (cas 1397-89-3), and griseofulvin (cas 126-07-8). the mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of voriconazole were 0.06 microgram/ml against yeasts (n = 187), 0.74 microgram/ml against moulds (n = 260) and 0.10 microgram/ml against dermatophytes ...	1997	9428984
chrysosporium species, potential spoilage organisms of chocolate.	standard methods of analysing foods for the presence of moulds are inadequate for the detection of genera such as chrysosporium which do not grow at the high water activities of most mycological media. the use of malt, yeast, 50% glucose agar (my50g) in sealed containers as an enrichment medium allowed time for germination and growth of heat-stressed spores. three chrysosporium spp., c. xerophilum pitt, c. inops (carmichael) and c. farinicola (burnside) skou, were isolated from commercial chocol ...	1997	9449815
effect of calcium on the reversible thermal inactivation of lignin peroxidase.	this study investigated the effects of calcium on the thermal inactivation of lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium. the monophasic loss of veratryl alcohol oxidase activity corresponded to the loss of calcium when the enzyme was thermally inactivated. addition of calcium slowed and oxalate and egta increased the apparent inactivation rate. the thermally inactivated lignin peroxidase could be readily reactivated by addition of ca2+. the amount of activity recovered was dependent on ...	1997	9016817
crystal structures of substrate binding site mutants of manganese peroxidase.	manganese peroxidase (mnp), an extracellular heme enzyme from the lignin-degrading basidiomycetous fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, catalyzes the oxidation of mnii to mniii. the latter, acting as a diffusible redox mediator, is capable of oxidizing a variety of lignin model compounds. the proposed mnii binding site of mnp consists of a heme propionate, three acidic ligands (glu-35, glu-39, and asp-179), and two water molecules. using crystallographic methods, this binding site was probed by ...	1997	9211904
identification of a novel cytochrome p-450 gene from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.	a gene fragment belonging to the cytochrome p-450 superfamily has been cloned and identified from stationary cultures of the filamentous fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium by reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr. a set of degenerate primers homologous to highly conserved regions of known cytochrome p-450 sequences were used for initial rt-pcrs. individual pcr products were cloned, sequenced, and identified as those belonging to the cytochrome p-450 superfamily based on amino acid sequence homologies a ...	1997	9212420
pyranose 2-oxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium--further biochemical characterisation.	pyranose 2-oxidase (p2o) was purified 43-fold to apparent homogeneity from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium using liquid chromatography on phenyl sepharose, mono q (twice) and phenyl superose. the native enzyme has a molecular mass of about 250 kda (based on native page) and is composed of four identical subunits of 65 kda. it contains three isoforms of isoelectric point (pi) 5.0, 5.05 and 5.15 and does not appear to be a glycoprotein. p2o is optimally stable at ph 8.0 and up to 60 ...	1997	9210340
studies of cellulose binding by cellobiose dehydrogenase and a comparison with cellobiohydrolase 1.	the binding isotherm to cellulose of cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) from phanerochaete chrysosporium has been compared with that of cellobiohydrolase 1 (cbh 1) from trichoderma reesei. cdh binds more strongly but more sparsely to cellulose than does cbh 1. in a classical scatchard analysis, a better fit to a one-site binding model was obtained for cdh than for cbh 1. the binding of both enzymes decreased in the presence of ethylene glycol, increased in the presence of ammonium sulphate and was u ...	1997	9210407
removal of pcbs by various white rot fungi in liquid cultures.	the ability of phanerochaete chrysosporium, trametes versicolor, coriolopsis polyzona, and pleurotus ostreatus growing in a mitogen-limited mineral medium (nmm) to degrade pcbs in a commercial, delor 106 mixture at a concentration of 0.9 ppm was compared. the respective amount of pcbs removed from the fungal cultures within 3 weeks were 25, 50, 41 and 0%. the capacities of the individual fungal species to remove pcbs correlated to some extent with their capabilities of decolorization of nmm agar ...	1997	9340310
enhanced production of cellobiose dehydrogenase in cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium supplemented with bovine calf serum.	the enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh), produced by many wood-degrading fungi has, in recent years, attracted considerable interest for its possible role in both cellulose and lignin degradation. to characterize the enzyme better and to identify its role in the degradation of wood and wood components, it is desirable to produce it in higher amounts. we report here that the addition of bovine calf serum to cellulose-grown cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium enhances the production of certa ...	1997	9357105
effects of mn2+ and oxalate on the catalatic activity of manganese peroxidase.	manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium is an extracellular heme-containing enzyme known to catalyze the oxidation of mn2+ to mn3+ in a reaction requiring oxalate or another appropriate manganese chelator. we have found that the enzyme can also catalyze a manganese-dependent disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide when a manganese chelator is not included. the catalatic activity was observed in the ph range from 3.0 to 8.5, and the apparent second-order rate constant for catalatic ...	1997	9367821
detection and characterization of the lignin peroxidase compound ii-veratryl alcohol cation radical complex.	lignin peroxidases (lip) from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium oxidize veratryl alcohol (va) by two electrons to veratryl aldehyde, although the va cation radical (va.+) is an intermediate [khindaria, a., et al. (1995) biochemistry 34, 6020-6025]. it was speculated, on the basis of kinetic evidence, that va+ can form a catalytic complex with lip compound ii. we have used low-temperature epr to provide direct evidence for the formation of the complex. the epr spectrum of va+ obt ...	1997	9369491
improved heterologous expression of the white-rot fungal ligninase h8 by crossover linker mutagenesis.	using the crossover-linker mutagenesis method, the 5' noncoding region of the lambda ml-1 cdna, which encodes the ligninase h8 isozyme of the white-rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, was deleted with the simultaneous insertion of the putative spodoptera frugiperda ribosome-binding sequence (rbs) (tataaat) directly in front of the translation-initiation codon of this gene. a recombinant baculovirus, pvl-mu-h8, carrying the ligninase-h8 gene was successfully constructed, as determined by bot ...	1997	9276925
mutagenesis of the mn2+-binding site of manganese peroxidase affects oxidation of mn2+ by both compound i and compound ii.	the present study investigates whether compound i and compound ii of manganese peroxidase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium utilize the same mn-binding site for catalysis. manganese peroxidase was expressed from its cdna in escherichia coli and refolded from inclusion bodies to yield fully active enzyme. three mutants of the enzyme were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. each of the three amino acid residues proposed to be involved in mn2+ binding, e35, d179, and e39, wa ...	1997	9245408
2,4-dichlorophenol degradation using streptomyces viridosporus t7a lignin peroxidase.	the streptomyces viridosporus t7a bacterium produces the extracellular lignin peroxidase alip-p3. the alip-p3-catalyzed oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) was examined to understand its kinetic behavior. initial rate data of the oxidation of dcp were obtained by a spectrophotometric peroxidase assay, and the kinetics were best modeled with a random-binding bireactant system, which differs from the ping-pong bireactant system that is typically used for horseradish peroxidase and lignin peroxid ...	1997	9041710
further studies on the inactivation by sodium azide of lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	azide ion is a mechanism-based inactivator of horseradish peroxidase [ortiz de montellano et al. (1988) biochemistry 27, 5470-5476] and the peroxidase from the coprophilic fungus coprinus macrorhizus [depillis and ortiz de montellano (1989) biochemistry 28, 7947-7952]. these peroxidases mediate the one-electron oxidation of azide ion-forming azidyl radical. inactivation of these enzymes is caused by covalent modification of the heme prosthetic groups by azidyl radical. lignin peroxidases from th ...	1997	9056250
pulmonary adiaspiromycosis in a two year old girl.	a case of disseminated bilateral pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is reported in a two year old finnish girl. she recovered from this rare infection after treatment with amphotericin b. she is the first human case of adiaspiromycosis in scandinavia and she is the youngest child with this disease reported so far. electron microscopy showed that the three layers of the spore wall were not typical; rather, there seemed to be a gradual transition between the main wall zones, which may be split into an ind ...	1997	9059367
characterization of the gene encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 3 from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the gene encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 3 (mnp3) from the white-rot basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium was cloned and sequenced. the mnp3 gene encodes a mature protein of 357 amino acids with a 25 amino-acid signal peptide. the amino acids involved in peroxidase function, as well as those forming the mnii binding site and those involved in disulfide bond formation, are conserved in the mnp3 sequence. the mnp3 gene has six introns, indicating that the sequenced p. chrysosporium mnp ...	1997	9074609
site-directed mutations at phenylalanine-190 of manganese peroxidase: effects on stability, function, and coordination.	a series of site-directed mutants, f190y, f190l, f190i, and f190a, in the gene encoding manganese peroxidase isozyme 1 (mnp1) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was generated by overlap extension with the polymerase chain reaction. the mutant genes were expressed in p. chrysosporium during primary metabolic growth under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter. the manganese peroxidase variants (mnps) were purified and characterized by kinetic and spectroscopic methods. ...	1997	9100022
keratinophilic fungi from coats of wild boars in italy.	hair samples were collected from wild boars (sus scrofa) in italy to determine the presence of keratinophilic fungi. eleven (5%) of 211 boars had fungi: two (1%) had trichophyton mentagrophytes, five (2%) had t. terrestre, two (1%) had chrysosporium keratinophilum, one (0.5%) had chrysosporium tropicum, and one (0.5%) had both c. keratinophilum and t. terrestre. these are the first recorded isolations of c. keratinophilum, c. tropicum, and t. terrestre from wild boars. based on the low prevalenc ...	1997	9131572
role of calcium in maintaining the heme environment of manganese peroxidase.	we previously demonstrated that manganese peroxidase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was very susceptible to thermal inactivation due to the loss of calcium from the enzyme [sutherland & aust (1996) arch. biochem. biophys. 332, 128-134]. the structural changes that occur during thermal inactivation and the release of calcium from manganese peroxidase have now been characterized. thermal inactivation caused distinct alterations in the heme environment and slight changes in t ...	1997	9132018
glutathione s-transferases from the white-rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium.	a glutathione s-transferase (gst) was purified to homogeneity from the white-rot fungus, phanerochaete chrysosporium, by affinity chromatography on glutathione-agarose followed by mono-q ion-exchange fplc. this protein immunoblotted with antisera to rat theta class gst 5-5 and also showed n-terminal sequence similarity to the theta class, including the presence of a conserved serine residue that has been specifically implicated in catalysis in this class [wilce, board, feil and parker (1995) emb ...	1997	9164863
biochemical and molecular characterization of a manganese peroxidase isoenzyme from pleurotus ostreatus.	in this study we purified and investigated the catalytic properties of a manganese peroxidase isoenzyme produced by the fungus pleurotus ostreatus in liquid medium with peptone as nitrogen source. the isoenzyme was purified to homogeneity by chromatography on bio-rad q-cartridge, sephacryl s-200 and mono-q with activity yield of 59% and a purification factor of 36. the p. ostreatus mnp obtained had the same pi (3.75) and n-terminal sequence as mnp-1 of pleurotus eryngii produced in the same medi ...	1997	9165096
resonance raman spectroscopic studies of cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh), an extracellular hemoflavoenzyme produced by cellulose-degrading cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium, oxidizes cellobiose to cellobionolactone. the enzyme contains one 6-coordinate, low-spin b-type heme and one fad cofactor per monomeric protein. in this work, resonance raman (rr) spectra are reported for the oxidized, reduced, and deflavo forms of cdh as well as the individual flavin and heme domains of the enzyme obtained by peptide proteolysis. the rr spect ...	1997	9169022
kinetics of calcium release from manganese peroxidase during thermal inactivation.	it was previously reported that manganese peroxidase from the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium was susceptible to thermal inactivation because it contains relatively labile ca2+ ions required for stability and activity [sutherland and aust (1996) arch. biochem. biophys. 332, 128-134]. in this work we determined that four ca2+ ions are present in the enzyme as isolated but this was reduced to 2 mol/mol upon treatment with ca2+-chelating agents or extensive dialysis of dilute enzyme. o ...	1997	9185626
identification of a phenolic 3-o-methyltransferase in the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.	a methyltransferase enzyme catalysing the 3-o-methylation of isovanillic acid (3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid) by s-adenosylmethionine (sam) was identified in phanerochaete chrysosporium and purified. gel filtration indicated an m(r) of 71,000 and sds-page showed that the enzyme was composed of two subunits of m(r) approximately 36,000. substrate utilization studies demonstrated that the enzyme was highly specific, displaying an exclusive preference for the methylation of the 3-hydroxyl group o ...	1997	9202473
semicochliodinol a and b: inhibitors of hiv-1 protease and egf-r protein tyrosine kinase related to asterriquinones produced by the fungus chrysosporium merdarium.	the known bisalkylated 2,5-dihydroxybenzoquinones didemethylasterriquinone d and isocochliodinol as well as the new metabolites semicochliodinol a and b have been isolated as inhibitors of hiv-1 protease from the culture broth of the fungus chrysosporium merdarium p-5656. the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. the nmr spectra of two compounds were completely assigned. the metabolites inhibit hiv-1 protease with an ic50 value as low as 0.17 microm and epidermal growth factor rec ...	1997	9207909
in vitro evaluation of inhibitory nature of extracts of 18-plant species of chhindwara against 3-keratinophilic fungi.	effect of extract of 18 plant species, viz., acorus calamus, adhatoda vasica, amomum subulatum, andrographis paniculata, boerhaavia diffusa, cassia occidentalis, centella asiatica, cymbopogon citratus, hemidesmus indicus, hyptis suaveolens, malvestrum sp., passiflora edulis, pergularia daemia, peristrophe bicalyculata, shuteria hirsuta, solanum nigrum, tecoma stans, and verbascum chinense on the growth of microsporum gypseum, chrysosporium tropicum and trichophyton terrestre was evaluated and di ...	1997	10386016
truncated-gene reporter system for studying the regulation of manganese peroxidase expression.	the expression of manganese peroxidase (mnp) in nitrogen-limited cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium is regulated by mn, heat shock (hs), and h2o2 at the level of gene transcription. we have constructed a homologous gene reporter system to further examine the regulation of two mnp genes, mnp1 and mnp2, encoding individual mnp isozymes. internal deletions of 234 and 359 bp were made within the coding regions of the mnp1 and mnp2 genes, respectively. the truncated mnp genes were subcloned into ...	1997	9211796
[disseminated pulmonary adiaspiromycosis. a case report].	a case of thoracoscopic lung biopsy proven diffuse human adiaspiromycosis is reported. the patient, a 26-year-old male farm worker presented with a three-week history of fever, sweating, dyspnea and unproductive cough. radiographic findings were those of granulomatous pulmonary interstitial disease. treated with ketoconazole he improved very well, resuming work normal activities a month later.	1997	9380900
cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium is encoded by two allelic variants.	the complete nucleotide sequences of two alleles of cellobiose dehydrogenase, cdh-1 (3,627 bp) and cdh-2 (3,623 bp), from phanerochaete chrysosporium ogc101 are reported. the nucleotide sequences of cdh-1 and cdh-2 exhibit 97% similarity. a total of eighty-six point mutations between cdh-1 and cdh-2 are observed. both alleles have 14 exons, and the introns are located at exactly the same positions. the translation products of these alleles have identical amino acid sequences. restriction fragmen ...	1997	9023960
mycological and some physiological studies of keratinophilic and other moulds associated with sheep wool.	wool samples of 50 healthy sheep collected from different localities at ar' ar in saudi arabia were examined for the presence of keratinophilic and other fungi using the hair plate technique. forty-eight species and 2 varieties belonging to 20 genera were isolated on sabouraud's dextrose agar at 25 degrees c. two species of true dermatophytes were isolated: trichophyton terrestre and t. rubrum in low frequency of occurrence. chrysosporium, a well-know keratinophilic genus, was the predominant ge ...	1997	9265769
haloperoxidase activity of manganese peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	manganese peroxidase (mnp) from phanerochaete chrysosporium exhibits haloperoxidase activity at low ph. in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, mnp oxidizes bromide and iodide as measured by the formation of tribromide and triiodide complexes and the halogenation of various organic substrates. the optimum phs for bromide and iodide oxidation are 2.5 and 3.0, respectively. transient-state kinetic studies show that the reaction between mnp compound i and bromide or iodide occurs via a single two-ele ...	1997	9281319
molecular taxonomy and epidemiology of blastomyces and histoplasma species.	cladistic analysis of partial 26s rrna sequences was used to estimate evolutionary distances among species and varieties of the dimorphic onygenalean genera blastomyces, coccidioides, emmonsia, histoplasma and paracoccidioides. with the exception of coccidioides, all genera were closely related, with about 5% base differences and even less (1-2%) between blastomyces and emmonsia. these data were supported by a teleomorph in the same genus ajellomyces. in a phylogenic study of a wide range of asc ...	1997	9375491
[human adiaspiromycosis. a report of a case treated with ketoconazole].	a case of human disseminated pulmonary adiaspiromycosis is reported. the patient, from goianésia, go, was admitted to the brasilia university hospital, in november 1992, with wet cough, dyspnea and weight loss--manifestations that had appeared two months before. prior to admission, he had been treated for a suspected miliary tuberculosis, because a chest roentgenogram had shown a diffuse reticulonodular infiltrate in both lungs. this therapy brought no improvement to the patient status. an open ...	1997	9463198
keratinolysis by poultry farm soil fungi.	species of chrysosporium, malbranchea, scopulariopsis, microascus, and gliocladium isolated from poultry farm soils were grown on two keratin media. all the test fungi could grow on keratin (human hair) and degrade it, releasing sulphydryl-containing compounds detected as extracellular keratinase, cysteine and total proteins. glucose supplemented keratin medium supported maximum keratinolysis. keratinase activity also changed the ph of the medium towards alkalinity and species with strong kerati ...	1997	9608718
localization of cellobiose dehydrogenase in cellulose-grown cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium.	to elucidate the function of cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) in cellulose degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium, production and localization of cdh were investigated and compared with those in shaking and aerated static cultures grown on cellulose. substantial cdh activity was detected in the medium of the shake cultures after 8 days of incubation, while no cdh activity was detected in the medium of static cultures at any point during the incubation period. light microscopy clearly showed th ...	1997	9228789
in vitro interactions between histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii and other fungi.	histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii has only recently been shown to occur naturally in soil admixed with bat guano in a bat cave. we report our observations on the in vitro interaction of histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii with other fungi recovered from the same habitat or other sources by employing co-culture technique and by investigating antibiosis between h. capsulatum var. duboisii and other fungi. the range of interactions varied from total overgrowth of histoplasma by aspergillus fumi ...	1997	9476515
alginate encapsulation of the white rot fungus phanerochaetechrysosporium	in the laboratory, the white rot fungus phanerochaetechrysosporium degrades numerous organic pollutants. lack of aslow-release delivery system to toxic waste sites, for this and other fungi,however, constitutes an important barrier to practical implementation. inthis study, the use of calcium alginate as an encapsulant for mycelia wasinvestigated; samples were in the form of pellets 1-3 mm in diameter. whenrefrigerated, alginate-embedded mycelia of p. chrysosporium wereviable for one year, both ...	1997	9003591
initial steps in the degradation of methoxychlor by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralized [ring-(sup14)c]methoxychlor [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] and metabolized it to a variety of products. the three most prominent of these were identified as the 1-dechloro derivative 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane, the 2-hydroxy derivative 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol, and the 1-dechloro-2-hydroxy derivative 2,2-dichloro-1,1-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol by comparison of the derivatives w ...	1997	16535547
lignin peroxidase isozymes from phanerochaete chrysosporium can be enzymatically dephosphorylated.	the extracellular lignin peroxidase (lip) protein profile of the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, grown in nonimmersed liquid culture under conditions of excess nitrogen, changed markedly with culture age. at peak lip activity (day 4), the heme-protein profile in the extracellular fluid, analyzed by anion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography, was characterized by a predominance of the lip isozymes h1 and h2, small amounts of h6 and h8, and other minor peaks, designated ha and hb. on d ...	1997	16535551
are bacteria omnipresent on phanerochaete chrysosporium burdsall?	cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium were examined for the presence of bacteria as previously described (f. seigle-murandi, p. guiraud, c. falsen, and k.-e. eriksson, appl. environ. microbiol. 62:2477-2481, 1996). under no conditions could bacteria be isolated from cultures of p. chrysosporium. with pcr primers corresponding to small-subunit rrna genes, no bacterium-like product could be amplified from cultures of the widely used p. chrysosporium strain bkm-f-1767. thus, we could find no evid ...	1997	16535657
cellobiose dehydrogenase, an active agent in cellulose depolymerization.	the ability of cellobiose dehydrogenase purified from phanerochaete chrysosporium to modify a douglas fir kraft pulp was assessed. although the addition of cellobiose dehydrogenase alone had little effect, supplementation with cellobiose and iron resulted in a substantial reduction in the degree of polymerization of the pulp cellulose. when the reaction was monitored over time, a progressive depolymerization of the cellulose was apparent with the concomitant production of cellobiono-1,5-lactone. ...	1997	16535705
evidence that ceriporiopsis subvermispora degrades nonphenolic lignin structures by a one-electron-oxidation mechanism.	the white-rot fungus ceriporiopsis subvermispora is able to degrade nonphenolic lignin structures but appears to lack lignin peroxidase (lip), which is generally thought to be responsible for these reactions. it is well established that lip-producing fungi such as phanerochaete chrysosporium degrade nonphenolic lignin via one-electron oxidation of its aromatic moieties, but little is known about ligninolytic mechanisms in apparent nonproducers of lip such as c. subvermispora. to address this que ...	1997	16535732
continuous production of manganese peroxidase by phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on polyurethane foam in a pulsed packed-bed bioreactor.	the bottleneck of the application of manganese peroxidase (mnp) on an industrial scale in pulp biobleaching or in degradation of hazardous compounds is the lack of an efficient production system. three main problems arise for the continuous production of mnp during secondary metabolism of phanerochaete chrysosporium: enzyme production occurs only under specific physiological conditions corresponding to c or n limitation, high o(2) tension, and adequate mn(+2) concentration; the enzyme that is pr ...	1997	18636618
biodegradation of crosslinked acrylic polymers by a white-rot fungus.	two synthetic superabsorbent crosslinked acrylic polymers were mineralized by the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the amount of polymer converted to co(2) increased as the amount of polymer added to the cultures increased. in the presence of sufficiently large amounts of the superabsorbents, such that all of the culture fluid was absorbed and a gelatinous matrix was formed, the fungus still grew and mineralization was observed. neither the polymers, nor their degradation products w ...	1997	19002412
production and characterization of phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidases for pulp bleaching.	the production of lignin peroxidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium was studied using immobilized mycelia in nylon-web cubes in semicontinuous fermentation using glucose pulses or ammonium tartrate pulses. consistent enzyme production was achieved when glucose pulses were used, leading to an average activity of 253 u/l. the crude enzyme was added to eucalyptus kraft pulp before conventional and ecf bleaching sequences. optimization of the enzymatic pretreatment led to the following operational ...	1998	18576059
in vitro degradation of insoluble lignin in aqueous media by lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase.	the abilities of lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp) from phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade an insoluble hardwood lignin in vitro in aqueous media were tested. neither lip nor mnp appreciably changed the mass or lignin content, although both produced small amounts of unique solubilized lignin fragments. treatment with both lip and mnp, however, decreased the mass by 11%, decreased the lignin content by 5.1% (4.2% as total weight), and solubilized unique lignin-derived mol ...	1998	18576060
laboratory-scale production of lignin-degrading enzymes by free and entrapped cells ofphanerochoete chrysosporium in a tubular air-lift bioreactor.	the production of lignin-degrading enzymes by free and entrapped cells ofphanerochoete chrysosporium in a tubular air-lift bioreactor was studied. under optimized cultural conditions the production of lignin peroxidase by free cells, calcium-alginate-entrapped cells and scouring-mesh-entrapped cells was in a ratio of 520ratio720ratio950 mu/ml, while the production of manganese peroxidase was in a ratio of 350ratio480ratio620 mu/ml. the stability of the entrapped cells by fed-batch systems was hi ...	1998	18470488
a preliminary study of the occurrence of actidione-resistant fungi in sediments of catalonian river mouths (spain). i. keratinolytic fungi and related onygenales.	sediments from eight river mouths along the catalonian coast (spain) were surveyed for keratinolytic fungi and related onygenales. the actidione plating technique was employed. of 532 actidione-treated sediment samples, 268 (50.3%) were positive for the fungi. altogether, 384 fungal strains from 35 species were isolated from the samples. narasimhella marginospora, aphanoascus fulvescens, neoarachnotheca keratinophila with its anamorph myriodontium keratinophilum, narasimhella hyalinospora, beauv ...	1998	16284860
comparison of static and shake culture in the decolorization of textile dyes and dye effluents by phanerochaete chrysoporium.	decolorization of several dyes (red he-8b, malachite green, navy blue he-2r, magenta, crystal violet) and an industrial effluent with growing cells of phanerochaete chrysosporium in shake and static culture was demonstrated. all the dyes and the industrial effluent were decolorized to some extent with varying percentages of decolorization (20-100%). the rate of decolorization was very rapid with red he-8b, an industrial dye. decolorization rates for all the dyes in static condition were found to ...	1998	9616055
molecular genetic variation in emmonsia crescens and emmonsia parva, etiologic agents of adiaspiromycosis, and their phylogenetic relationship to blastomyces dermatitidis (ajellomyces dermatitidis) and other systemic fungal pathogens.	emmonsia crescens, an agent of adiaspiromycosis, blastomyces dermatitidis, the agent of blastomycosis, and histoplasma capsulatum, the agent of histoplasmosis, are known to form meiotic (sexual) stages in the ascomycete genus ajellomyces (onygenaceae, onygenales), but no sexual stage is known for e. parva, the type species of the genus emmonsia. to evaluate relationships among members of the putative ajellomyces clade, large-subunit ribosomal and internal transcribed spacer region dna sequences ...	1998	9738044
a reporter system for analysis of regulatable promoter functions in the basidiomycete fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.	to establish a system for functional analysis of regulatable gene promoters involved in lignocellulose degradation by phanerochaete chrysosporium, a dna construct was made in which a minimal promoter region, 410 bp of the 5' untranslated region (utr) of the cbhi.1 gene of p. chrysosporium, was fused to the phlr sequence of streptoallotiechus hindustanus. this construct was used to transform p. chrysosporium to phleomycin resistance. southern blot analysis revealed that the incoming dna was maint ...	1998	9750271
incidence of keratinophilic fungi in the soil of primary schools and public parks of madras city, india.	the pattern of incidence of keratinophilic fungi inhabiting the soil of 30 primary schools and 15 public parks in the city of madras was studied using hair baiting technique. a total number of 31 species belonging to 15 genera were recovered, 16 of which were common to both the school and public park soil. dermatophytes and closely related species were represented by 9 species, of which the following were the most commonly found species in soil: chrysosporium tropicum (62.2%), c. keratinophilum ...	1998	10353209
nutrient recovery and biodegradation of inedible tomato plant residues by activated sludge cultures and phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the biodegradation of inedible biomass and the recovery of nutrients from hydroponically grown tomato plant material were investigated under various growth conditions of activated sludge and the fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium. the experiments were carried out in shaker flasks at three incubation temperatures (25 degrees c, 40 degrees c, and 60 degrees c for the activated sludge and 25 degrees c, 40 degrees c, and 50 degrees c for the fungi) with heat-pretreated samples at 150 degrees c for 3 ...	1998	11540465
oxidation of crocein orange g by lignin peroxidase isoenzymes. kinetics and effect of h2o2.	the ligninolytic enzyme system of phanerochaete chrysosporium is able to decolorize several recalcitrant dyes. three lignin peroxidase isoenzymes, lip 3.85, lip 4.15, and lip 4.65, were purified by preparative isoelectric focusing from the carbon-limited culture medium of p. chrysosporium. based on amino terminal sequences, the purified isoenzymes correspond to the isoenzymes h8, h6, and h2, respectively, from the n-limited culture. the purified isoenzymes were used for decolorization of an azo ...	1998	10230025
degradation of chicken feathers by chrysosporium georgiae.	using a baiting technique, chrysosporium georgiae was isolated from chicken feathers. twenty-eight different fungal isolates were evaluated for their ability to produce keratinase enzymes using a keratin-salt agar medium containing either white chicken feathers or a prepared feather keratin suspension (ks). the chrysosporium species were able to use keratin and grow at different rates. chrysosporium georgiae completely degraded the added keratin after 9 days of incubation. degradation of feather ...	1998	10205889
dermatophytes isolated from selected ruminants in india.	a survey was carried out in different areas of uttar pradesh for isolating and identifying dermatophytes from ruminants. out of 102 skin scrapings, collected from various animals, 4/22 cattle, 1/9 buffalo, 14/44 sheep and 2/28 goats were koh positive. in respect of the cattle, the culture positive samples yielded one strain each of trichophyton mentagrophytes, t. rubrum, t. simii and two strains of microsporum gypseum. from the buffaloes examined, only one case yielded a dermatophyte and it was ...	1998	9850594
autocatalytic formation of a hydroxy group at c beta of trp171 in lignin peroxidase.	in the high-resolution crystal structures of two lignin peroxidase isozymes from the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium a significant electron density at single bond distance from the c beta of trp171 was observed and interpreted as a hydroxy group. to further clarify the nature of this feature, we carried out tryptic digestion of the enzyme and isolated the trp171 containing peptide. under ambient conditions, this peptide shows an absorbance spectrum typical of tryptophan. at elevated ...	1998	9636023
expression of the lignin peroxidase h2 gene from phanerochaete chrysosporium in escherichia coli.	the dna sequence for the extracellular lignin peroxidase isozyme h2 from phanerochaete chrysosporium, obtained from cdna clone lambda ml-6, was synthesized by pcr and successfully expressed in escherichia coli under control of the t7 promoter. the portion of the cdna encoding the signal peptide, not found in the mature native enzyme, was not included. recombinated lignin peroxidase h2 (rliph2) was produced in inclusion bodies in an inactive form. active enzyme was obtained by refolding with glut ...	1998	9705846
nitration of veratryl alcohol by lignin peroxidase and tetranitromethane.	lignin peroxidase (lip), from phanerochaete chrysosporium, in the presence of h2o2 and tetranitromethane (tnm), oxidizes veratryl (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) alcohol (va) (i) to veratraldehyde (iv), 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl alcohol (v), and 3,4-dimethoxy-nitrobenzene (vi). the formation of these products is explained by a mechanism involving the one-electron oxidation of va by lip to produce the corresponding cation radical, which loses a proton to generate the benzylic radical. the latter reduces ...	1998	9521824
ecology of cycloheximide-resistant fungi in field soils receiving raw city wastewater or normal irrigation water.	the effect of raw city wastewater irrigation on biodiversity and population densities of a cycloheximide-resistant (ch) fungal community was studied in 13 field soils receiving either raw city wastewater or normal irrigation, and in raw city wastewater in the nablus area, using the hair baiting technique (hbt) and a surface soil dilution plating (ssdp) technique. three of these fields [one had been receiving raw city wastewater for more than ten years and was designated a heavily polluted field, ...	1998	10422272
survey of keratinophilic fungi isolated from city park soils of pisa, italy.	a survey of geophilic dermatophytes and related keratinophilic fungi isolated from city park soils of pisa is reported. twenty-three (48%) soil samples out of 48 were positive by hair baiting. the following species were isolated: microsporum gypseum (39%), trichophyton ajelloi (31%), chrysosporium keratinophilum (14%), t. terrestre (8%), m. fulvum, ch. luteum, ch. indicum (5% each) and m. cookei (2%). the presence of the different species is discussed in relation to the risk of fungal skin infec ...	1998	10205883
in vitro degradation of natural insoluble lignin in aqueous media by the extracellular peroxidases of phanerochaete chrysosporium.	the lignin peroxidases (lip) and manganese peroxidases (mnp) of phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyze a wide range of lignin depolymerization reactions with lignin models and synthetic lignins in solution. however, their ability to degrade insoluble natural lignin in aqueous media has not been demonstrated. insoluble isolated poplar lignin similar to natural lignin was treated in vitro in aqueous media for 12 h with lip, mnp, and both. treatment with mnp alone slightly increased the solid mass an ...	1998	10099250
correlation between the prevalence of certain fungi and sick building syndrome.	to examine the role of fungi in the production of sick building syndrome.	1998	9861178
in vitro evaluation of voriconazole against clinical isolates of yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes in comparison with itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin b and griseofulvin.	the in vitro activity of voriconazole (uk-109, 496), a new antifungal triazole derivative, against 650 clinical isolates of yeasts, moulds and dermatophytes was compared with that of itraconazole, ketoconazole, amphotericin b and griseofulvin. the geometric means of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of voriconazole were 0.05 microgram ml-1 against yeasts (n = 187), 0.58 microgram ml-1 against moulds (n = 260) and 0.08 microgram ml-1 against dermatophytes (n = 203). the overall activit ...	1998	9861837
role of bio-metal fe(iii) in anticancer effect of dacarbazine.	physicochemical, microbial and pharmacological studies on fe(iii)-dacarbazine complex have been done in solid and aqueous phase. on the basis of elemental analysis, polarographic studies, amperometric titrations and ir spectral studies the probable formula for the complex has been worked out to be 1:1, fe(iii)-dacarbazine. the metal ligand interaction has been studied using polarographic method at 25 +/- 1 degrees c and at ionic strength of mu = 1.0 (kcl). microbial studies on the complex was do ...	1998	10225049
characterization of a cellobiose dehydrogenase from humicola insolens.	the major cellobiose dehydrogenase (oxidase) (cbdh) secreted by the soft-rot thermophilic fungus humicola insolens during growth on cellulose has been isolated and purified. it was shown to be a haemoflavoprotein with a molecular weight of 92 kda and a pi of 4.0, capable of oxidizing the anomeric carbon of cellobiose, soluble cellooligosaccharides, lactose, xylobiose and maltose. possible electron acceptors are 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (dcpip), methylene blue, 3,5-di-t-butyl-1,2-benzoquinon ...	1998	9461557
reverse transcription-pcr analysis of the regulation of the manganese peroxidase gene family.	manganese peroxidase (mnp) gene expression in the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium is regulated by nutrient nitrogen levels and by mn(ii), the substrate for the enzyme, as well as by heat shock and other factors. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) of total rna can distinguish the mrnas of each of the three sequenced p. chrysosporium mnp genes, i.e., mnp1, mnp2, and mnp3. quantitative rt-pcr demonstrates that each of the three transcripts is present at a similar low basal level ...	1998	9464395
targeted differential display of abundantly expressed sequences from the basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium which contain regions coding for fungal cellulose-binding domains.	cellulose-binding domains (cbds) are present in the majority of fungal cellulases studied to-date. this work describes the use of targeted differential display, employing degenerate primers designed to anneal to variants of a region conserved in fungal cbds, each in combination with an oligo-dt primer, to pcr-amplify cdna sequences containing regions coding for such domains from phanerochaete chrysosporium. after growth on either avicel or carboxymethyl cellulose (cmc), five distinct, abundantly ...	1998	9472082
effect of soil texture and soil sterilization on susceptibility of ovipositing grasshoppers to beauveria bassiana	the effect of conidial concentration, soil texture, and soil sterilization on the efficacy of beauveria bassiana against ovipositing grasshoppers (melanoplus sanguinipes) was investigated in a controlled environment. in the first experiment, mortality of female grasshoppers ovipositing into a sterile loamy-sand soil containing conidia of b. bassiana was measured. the prevalence of mortality increased as the concentration of conidia in soil increased, and a median lethal concentration of 10(4) co ...	1998	9446740
substrate specificity of cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	substrate structural mapping suggests that the catalytic site of cellobiose dehydrogenase from phanerochaete chrysosporium forms a narrow cave with two hexose binding subsites. kinetic data also show that beta-di or oligosaccharides are favored electron donors with respect to both km and kcat. surprisingly, thiocellobiose showed an even higher kcat than cellobiose, although the km value was somewhat higher. the cdh was purified using an updated protocol.	1998	9546045
degradation of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures by the lignin-degrading fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.	degradation of lower-chlorinated and higher-chlorinated pcb congeners (delor 103 and delor 105 as equivalents of aroclor 1242 and aroclor 1254, respectively) by the white-rot fungus phanerochoete chrysosporium was investigated in n-limited and non-limited media. no degradation of either delor 103 or delor 105 was found in a n-limited medium 9 d after their addition whereas in the non-limited medium during the same period their levels dropped by 55 and 58%, respectively. the degradation was non-s ...	1998	9569633
phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase and cellobiose dehydrogenase transcripts in wood.	the transcripts of structurally related cellobiohydrolase genes in phanerochaete chrysosporium-colonized wood chips were quantified. the transcript patterns obtained were dramatically different from the transcript patterns obtained previously in defined media. cellobiose dehydrogenase transcripts were also detected, which is consistent with the hypothesis that such transcripts play an important role in cellulose degradation.	1998	9572973
cloning and sequencing of a gene encoding cellobiose dehydrogenase from trametes versicolor.	cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is an enzyme produced under lignocellulose-degrading conditions by trametes versicolor strain 52j (tv) and several other wood-degrading fungi, including phanerochaete chrysosporium (pc). in order to understand better the nature and properties of this enzyme, we isolated a genomic clone of tv cdh using heterologous probes derived from the sequence of pc cdh. dna sequence analysis revealed that tv cdh consists of 3091 bp of coding sequence interrupted by 14 introns. ...	1998	9573367
cellobiose dehydrogenase enhances phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase i activity by relieving product inhibition.	the interaction of cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) with cellobiohydrolase i (cbh i) in cellulose-grown cultures of phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated to clarify the role of cdh in cellulose degradation. decomposition of bacterial microcrystalline cellulose by cbh i was enhanced significantly in the presence of the cdh/ferricyanide redox-system compared with cbh i alone. to explain this phenomenon, a model system, using p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-cellobioside as a substrate, was elaborated for ...	1998	9578466
comparison of gas chromatography and mineralization experiments for measuring loss of selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in cultures of white rot fungi.	two methods were used to compare the biodegradation of six polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congeners by 12 white rot fungi. four fungi were found to be more active than phanerochaete chrysosporium atcc 24725. biodegradation of the following congeners was monitored by gas chromatography: 2,3-dichlorobiphenyl, 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl, 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl (2,4',5-tcb), 2,2',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. the congener tested for mine ...	1998	9603809
progress curves--a mean for functional classification of cellulases.	the chain-end preference and processivity of the cellulases 1,4-beta-d-glucan-cellobiohydrolase i (cbh i) and 1,4-beta-d-glucan-cellobiohydrolase ii (cbh ii) from trichoderma reesei and 1,4-beta-d-glucan-cellobiohydrolase 50 (cbh 50) and 1,4-beta-d-glucan-cellobiohydrolase 58 (cbh 58) from phanerochaete chrysosporium were studied by comparing experimental degradation data on reducing end-labelled bacterial microcrystalline cellulose with computer simulations of different models. our results with ...	1998	9851710
effect of cadmium on growth of potentially pathogenic soil fungi.	the effect of cd on the mycelial growth of some potentially pathogenic soil fungi was investigated. sixty-four strains from twenty-five fungal species were tested for their susceptibility to cd. final colony diameter, radial growth rate and final dry mass of mycelium (for cd: 1-200 ppm) were measured. ecd50 values were calculated from these parameters. the intra- and interspecific variability in the results obtained is presented. among the keratinolytic fungal group, the general arthrographis, t ...	1998	9786763
lung parasites of least weasels in finland.	because of their constant exposure to normal rodent definitive hosts, least weasels (mustela nivalis) were trapped in southern finland in late fall 1994 and examined for lung parasites. histological examination showed that 46% of the weasels (n = 46) were infected with adiaspores identified as chrysosporium sp. granulomas surrounding the adiaspores consisted of mostly unorganized layers of mononuclear cells. the adiaspores from least weasels were much smaller than those reported from their prey ...	1998	9813855
degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by phanerochaete chrysosporium: involvement of reductive dechlorination.	under secondary metabolic conditions, the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium mineralizes 2,4, 6-trichlorophenol. the pathway for the degradation of 2,4, 6-trichlorophenol has been elucidated by the characterization of fungal metabolites and oxidation products generated by purified lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp). the multistep pathway is initiated by a lip- or mnp-catalyzed oxidative dechlorination reaction to produce 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone. ...	1998	9748450
a new intermediate in the mineralization of 3,4-dichloroaniline by the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium.	phanerochaete chrysosporium atcc 34541 has been reported to be unable to mineralize 3,4-dichloroaniline (dca). however, high mineralization is now shown to occur when a fermentation temperature of 37 degrees and gassing with oxygen are used. mineralization did not correlate with lignin peroxidase activity. the latter was high under c limitation and low under n limitation, whereas the reverse was true for mineralization. the kinetics of dca metabolism was studied in low-n and low-c and c- and n-r ...	1998	9726875
expression of phanerochaete chrysosporium genes encoding lignin peroxidases, manganese peroxidases, and glyoxal oxidase in wood	expression of phanerochaete chrysosporium genes encoding ligninolytic enzymes was assessed in wood. poly(a) rna was extracted from colonized wood chips by magnetic capture, and specific transcripts were quantified by competitive reverse transcriptase pcr. mrna levels varied substantially among lignin peroxidase genes, and transcript patterns were dramatically different from those in previous studies with defined media.	1998	9726913
engineering yeast for efficient cellulose degradation.	saccharomyces cerevisiae produces several beta-1,3-glucanases, but lacks the multicomponent cellulase complexes that hydrolyse the beta-1,4-linked glucose polymers present in cellulose-rich biomass as well as in haze-forming glucans in certain wines and beers. we have introduced into s. cerevisiae a functional cellulase complex for efficient cellulose degradation by cloning the endomyces fibuliger cellobiase (bgl1) gene and co-expressing it with the butyrivibrio fibrisolvens endo-beta-1,4-glucan ...	1998	9483796
irreversible oxidation of ferricytochrome c by lignin peroxidase.	lignin peroxidase (lip) from phanerochaete chrysosporium catalyzes irreversible oxidative damage to ferricytochrome c (cc3+) in the presence of h2o2 and 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl (veratryl) alcohol (va). atomic absorption analysis and uv/vis spectroscopy indicate that the oxidation of cc3+ is accompanied by a loss of heme iron from the protein and probably oxidation of the porphyrin ring. at h2o2 concentrations of 7.5 microm or higher, this oxidation of cc3+ by lip is strictly dependent on the presenc ...	1998	9485329
cloning of phanerochaete chrysosporium leu2 by complementation of bacterial auxotrophs and transformation of fungal auxotrophs.	a phanerochaete chrysosporium cdna library was constructed in an expression vector that allows expression in both escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae. this expression vector, lambda yes, contains the lacz promoter for expression in e. coli and the gal1 promoter for expression in yeast. a number of genes were cloned by complementation of bacterial amino acid auxotrophs. the cdna encoding the beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase from p. chrysosporium was characterized further. the genomic ...	1998	9647839
gene cloning and characterization of a novel cellulose-binding beta-glucosidase from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	analysis of a 2.4-kb cdna of the cellulose-binding extracellular beta-glucosidase (cbgl) from phanerochaete chrysosporium suggested that cbgl is organized into two domains, an n-terminal cellulose-binding domain and a c-terminal catalytic domain. genomic sequence analysis suggested that cbgl is encoded by 30 exons. southern analysis of dna from homokaryotic cultures indicated that cbgl is encoded by two alleles, cbgl-1 and cbgl-2, of a single gene.	1998	9647863
glutathione s-transferases of the yeast yarrowia lipolytica have unusually large molecular mass.	two similar glutathione s-transferases (gsts), which do not bind to glutathione- or s-hexylglutathione-agarose affinity resins, have been purified from the yeast yarrowia lipolytica. an approx. 400-fold purification was obtained by a combination of deae-sephadex, phenyl-sepharose, hydroxyapatite and mono-q anion-exchange chromatography. the native molecular mass of both proteins was estimated as approx. 110 kda by both superose-12 gel-filtration chromatography and non-denaturing electrophoresis. ...	1998	9677348
transformation of industrial dyes by manganese peroxidases from bjerkandera adusta and pleurotus eryngii in a manganese-independent reaction.	we investigated the transformation of six industrial azo and phthalocyanine dyes by ligninolytic peroxidases from bjerkandera adusta and other white rot fungi. the dyes were not oxidized or were oxidized very little by phanerochaete chrysosporium manganese peroxidase (mnp) or by a chemically generated mn3+-lactate complex. lignin peroxidase (lip) from b. adusta also showed low activity with most of the dyes, but the specific activities increased 8- to 100-fold when veratryl alcohol was included ...	1998	9687431
disseminated infection due to chrysosporium zonatum in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease and review of non-aspergillus fungal infections in patients with this disease.	we report the first case of chrysosporium zonatum infection in a 15-year-old male with chronic granulomatous disease who developed a lobar pneumonia and tibia osteomyelitis while on prophylaxis with gamma interferon. the fungus was isolated from sputum and affected bone, and hyphae were observed in the bone by histopathology. therapy with amphotericin b eradicated the osteomyelitis and pneumonia, but pneumonia recurred in association with pericarditis and pleuritis during therapy with itraconazo ...	1999	9854057
cloning and characterization of a thermostable cellobiose dehydrogenase from sporotrichum thermophile.	cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is an extracellular hemoflavoenzyme produced by several wood-degrading fungi. cdh contains one heme b and one fad per molecule and oxidizes cellobiose to cellobionolactone in the presence of cytochrome c. in this report, a thermostable cdh from the thermophilic ascomycete sporotrichum thermophile has been purified, cloned, and characterized. the temperature optimum for this cdh reaction was 60 degrees c, and the activation energy for the reaction was 26.3 kj/mol. t ...	1999	10328816
relative stability of recombinant versus native peroxidases from phanerochaete chrysosporium.	two types of glycosylated peroxidases are secreted by the white-rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium, lignin peroxidase (lip) and manganese peroxidase (mnp). the thermal stabilities of recombinant liph2, liph8, and mnph4, which were expressed without glycosylation in escherichia coli, were lower than those of corresponding native peroxidases isolated from p. chrysosporium. recovery of thermally inactivated recombinant enzyme activities was higher than with that of the thermally inactivated nat ...	1999	10328828
emmonsiosis of wild rodents and insectivores in czechland.	adiaspores of the fungus emmonsia crescens were detected microscopically in the lung tissue of 13% of 10.081 small mammals belonging to 24 species examined in 14 areas of the czech republic between 1986 and 1997; 441/1.934 (23%) clethrionomys glareolus, 1/6 (17%) arvicola terrestris, 357/2.172 (16%) apodemus flavicollis, 220/1.981 (11%). a sylvaticus, 23/265 (9%) a. microps, 11/81 (14%) microtus subterraneus, 93/1.275 (7%) m. arvalis, 98/1.439 (7%) m. agrestis, 1/3 (33%) ondatra zibethicus, 1/1 ...	1999	10231750
a two-component tetrachlorohydroquinone reductive dehalogenase system from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium.	tetrachloro-1,4-hydroquinone (tclhq) is an intermediate in the degradation of pentachlorophenol by the lignin-degrading basidiomycete phanerochaete chrysosporium. two enzymes required for the reductive dehalogenation of tclhq to trichlorohydroquinone (trclhq) were identified in cell-free extracts of p. chrysosporium. in the presence of gsh, a membrane-bound enzyme converted tclhq to the glutathionyl conjugate of trclhq (gs-trclhq). this membrane-bound glutathione transferase was specific for gsh ...	1999	10208882
[fungal flora in chicken stalls and its etiopathogenic importance for humans and animals].	in order to find out the mycoflora prevailing in chicken pens, and to appreciate the health hazards for employees (incl. veterinarians) and animals, twenty litter samples and 6 sedimented dust trials were analysed mycologically. the following results were found: bedding and dust samples all contained between 3.57 and 1.30 x 10(7) c.f.u./g dw. the commonest fungus is a. fumigatus with 3.41 x 10(4) - 1.30 x 10(7) c.f.u./g dw in bedding and 2.70 x 10(5) - 3.30 x 10(6) c.f.u./g dw in sedimented dust ...	1999	10209909
biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene with phanerochaete chrysosporium in agitated cultures at ph 4.5.	the biotransformation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) (175 microm) by phanerochaete chrysosporium with molasses and citric acid at ph 4.5 was studied. in less than 2 weeks, tnt disappeared completely, but mineralization (liberated 14co2) did not exceed 1%. a time study revealed the presence of several intermediates, marked by the initial formation of two monohydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes (2- and 4-hadnt) followed by their successive transformation to several other products, including monoaminodini ...	1999	10388692
cloning and analysis of pycnoporus cinnabarinus cellobiose dehydrogenase.	we have cloned and sequenced a gene encoding cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) from pycnoporus cinnabarinus (pci). pcr primers that may recognize a homologous cdh were designed using regions of complete conservation of amino acid sequence within the known sequences of trametes versicolor (tv) and phanerochaete chrysosporium (pc) cdh. upstream primers hybridized to regions encoding the heme domain, whereas downstream primers recognized highly conserved regions within the flavin domain. eight differe ...	1999	10393235
case report. a disseminated infection due to chrysosporium queenslandicum in a garter snake (thamnophis)	a male garter snake (thamnophis) from a private terrarium was spontaneously and simultaneously infected with chrysosporium queenslandicum and geotrichum candidum. the autopsy revealed disseminated mycotic alterations in skin, lungs and liver. chrysosporium queenslandicum grew well at 28 degrees c, the optimal temperature of the animal. this is the first description of a chrysosporium queenslandicum infection in a garter snake.	1999	10394858
poly(ethylene glycol)-modified ligninase enhances pentachlorophenol biodegradation in water-solvent mixtures	polychlorinated hydrocarbons are prevalent environmental contaminants whose rates of biodegradation are limited by their minimal solubilities in aqueous solutions where the biological reactions take place. in this study, ligninase (lip) from phanerochaete chrysosporium was modified by poly(ethylene glycol) to enhance its activity and stability for the biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (pcp) in the presence of acetonitrile (mecn), a water-miscible solvent. the modified enzyme retained 100% of i ...	1999	10397866