Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| development of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of bluetongue virus in tissue samples. | total genomic dsrna, extracted from purified core particles of bluetongue virus serotype 1 from south africa (btv1sa), was used as template to optimise a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of bluetongue virus rna. pairs of oligonucleotides complementary to the 3' termini of eight of the ten genome segments were tested. those representing the 5' termini of genome segment 7 gave the best amplification results producing a single dna band with the same mobility during agarose gel elec ... | 1990 | 1964939 |
| virological applications of the grid-cell-culture technique. | whole mounts of intact virus-infected cells have been used for several decades to examine virus-cell relationships and virus structure. the general concept of studying virus structure in association with the host cell has recently been expanded to reveal interactions between viruses and the cytoskeleton. the procedure permits utilization of immuno-gold protocols using both the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. the grid-cell-culture technique is reviewed to explain how it can be exp ... | 1990 | 1966471 |
| use of baculovirus expression vectors: development of diagnostic reagents, vaccines and morphological counterparts of bluetongue virus. | the productivity and flexibility of insect baculovirus expression vectors and the ability of the baculovirus genome to incorporate (and express) large amounts of foreign dna allows this system to be used for both single and multiple gene expression. using the system, bluetongue virus (btv) genes have been expressed to develop diagnostic reagents and vaccines as well as to understand the basic structures of the virions. btv which causes disease in ruminants in many parts of the world, consists of ... | 1990 | 2178355 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bluetongue virus define two neutralizing epitopes and a hemagglutinating epitope. | monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize neutralizing epitopes on vp2 of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (btv-10). six neutralizing monoclonal antibodies that immune precipitated vp2 demonstrated two distinct patterns of reactivity in the competitive enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (elisa). these results suggest that there are at least two distinct domains of neutralization on vp2 of btv. monoclonal antibodies defining the two domains were serotype-restricted in plaque neutralization, i ... | 1990 | 1694430 |
| antigenic topography of bluetongue virus 17. | neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) have been produced and used to map the topographical relationship of the surface antigenic determinants of bluetongue virus (btv) 17 that mediate neutralization. eight monoclonal antibodies, at least five of which were directed to the major outer coat protein of btv 17, p2, were studied in neutralization assays using variant btv 17 and in competition binding experiments. five different epitopes were identified that are involved in neutralization of viral ... | 1990 | 1696679 |
| expression of bluetongue virus serotype 17 ns1 protein from a cloned gene. | a full-length copy of the coding region of segment 6 from bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17 was constructed from five overlapping cdna clones. the gene coding for the ns1 protein was cloned into an expression plasmid under the control of a bacteriophage t7 promoter and expressed both in vitro and in escherichia coli bl21(de3) cells which contain a t7 rna polymerase gene in their chromosome. expression in both systems resulted in the synthesis of a protein comigrating with ns1 and a minor polype ... | 1990 | 1964519 |
| limits of detection of bluetongue virus with different assay systems. | the sensitivity of different assay systems for detecting low concentrations of bluetongue virus (btv) were compared. these assays included blind passage on baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells and on cattle pulmonary artery endothelial (cpae) cells, immunoperoxidase staining of cells on multiwell slides, and cdna/rna hybridization of btv infected cells. nine serial 10-fold dilutions of a cell culture-adapted btv serotype 11 were tested (each dilution was treated as a separate sample) in all assays ... | 1990 | 1965575 |
| detection of bluetongue group-specific antibody by competitive elisa. | 1990 | 1965579 | |
| limitations of in situ hybridization for the detection of bluetongue virus in blood mononuclear cells. | in situ nucleic acid hybridization was tested for the ability to detect bluetongue virus (btv) nucleic acids in blood mononuclear cells. a standard protocol was devised and applied to the demonstration of btv genetic sequences in cultured bovine mononuclear cells that had been infected in vitro. in situ hybridization using biotinylated single-stranded rna probes, in the presence of 50% formamide at 50 c, demonstrated an intense, positive signal in 0.001-0.01% of the btv-infected cultured mononuc ... | 1990 | 1965636 |
| susceptibility of sudanese sheep to a bluetongue virus isolated from apparently healthy cattle in the sudan. | this study intends to clarify the role of apparently healthy cattle as a reservoir of bluetongue (bt) virus to sheep in the sudan. it confirms earlier work and establishes that cattle can harbour bluetongue virus to which sheep are susceptible in the country. experimental transmission of bt virus between the two species suggests that the best indicator to determine viraemia in apparently healthy cattle is to inoculate susceptible sheep with suspected cattle virus. the condition of the viraemia a ... | 1990 | 1966396 |
| bluetongue epidemiology in the caribbean region: serological and entomological evidence from a pilot study in barbados. | variation in the percentage of lambs seroconverting to bluetongue viruses was seen between sites and years in barbados. transmission at some sites was nearly absent whereas all lambs at one site became seropositive. the agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. collections of biting midges in association with sheep yielded six species: culicoides insignis lutz, c. pusillus lutz, c. phlebotomus (williston), c. f ... | 1990 | 1966778 |
| comparison of persistence of seven bovine viruses on bovine embryos following in vitro exposure. | the ability of seven cytopathic strains of bovine viruses to adhere to the zona pellucida of six-to-eight day-old bovine embryos were compared. embryos were exposed to virus by placing them either in virus suspensions or by culturing them on infected bovine turbinate cultures for 18-24 h. after exposure to bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibv), bluetongue virus (btv), pseudorabies virus (prv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), parainfluenza 3 virus (pi ... | 1990 | 2107070 |
| antibodies to some pathogenic agents in free-living wild species in tanzania. | a total of 535 sera from eight species of wildlife were collected from different game areas in tanzania between 1987 and 1989. these sera were tested for antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease, bovine herpes virus types 1 and 2, lumpy skin disease, bovine viral diarrhoea, akabane, bovine ephemeral fever, bluetongue, enzootic bovine leucosis, african horse sickness and african swine fever viruses and brucella abortus based on the expected species susceptibility. sera from buffalo syncerus caff ... | 1990 | 2123458 |
| inactivation of viral agents in bovine serum by gamma irradiation. | cell culture origin or suckling mouse brain origin viruses of akabane disease, aino, bovine ephemeral fever, swine vesicular disease, hog cholera, bluetongue, and minute virus of mice were each suspended in bovine serum. aliquots (1 ml) were exposed to various doses of gamma radiation from a 60co source while at -68 degrees c. aliquots (100-ml) of serum from a steer experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus were similarly irradiated. the samples were assayed for infectivity in ce ... | 1990 | 2123735 |
| identification of bluetongue virus vp6 protein as a nucleic acid-binding protein and the localization of vp6 in virus-infected vertebrate cells. | recently the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) has been effectively adapted as a highly efficient vector in insect cells for the expression of various genes. a cdna sequence of rna segment 9 of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (btv-10, an orbivirus member of the reoviridae family) encoding a minor core protein (vp6) has been inserted into the bamhi site of the pacym1 transfer vector derived from acnpv. spodoptera frugiperda cells were cotransfected with the ... | 1990 | 2152806 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for efficient detection of antibody to bluetongue virus in pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), using cell-associated viral antigen, was developed for detection of antibody to bluetongue virus (btv) in field-collected pronghorn (antilocapra americana) sera. to test the applicability of the elisa to seroepizootiologic studies, pronghorn serum samples from three wyoming counties (usa) were tested. bluetongue virus elisa results were compared to those of the bluetongue immunodiffusion assay. discrepant serum samples were retested for reac ... | 1990 | 2154627 |
| interaction of bluetongue virus with bovine lymphocytes. | freshly isolated, and established, cultures of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbmls) were exposed to bluetongue virus (btv) for the purpose of defining potential lymphotropism. pbml cultures were established in the presence of interleukin 2 (il-2) and mitogen and maintained either as bulk culture or were cloned prior to infectivity studies. all cultures appeared to be of the t cell phenotype based on the following characteristics: binding of t lymphocyte-specific lectins (i.e. p ... | 1990 | 2155289 |
| experimental transmission of bovine viral diseases by insemination with contaminated semen or during embryo transfer. | three experimental approaches were used to study transmission of blue tongue (bt), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) viruses. these were insemination with contaminated semen, experimental infection of embryo donor cows, or transfer of embryos experimentally exposed to virus in vitro to normal recipients. parameters assessed included number and quality of embryos produced, virus detection (isolation and electron microscopy), serology and histopathology. all ... | 1990 | 2155769 |
| t lymphocyte subset alterations following bluetongue virus infection in sheep and cattle. | to determine potential mechanisms of differential disease expression in ruminants infected with bluetongue virus (btv), clinically normal, btv-seronegative, yearling sheep and cattle were infected subcutaneously with a standardized insect-source inoculum of btv serotype 17 (btv-17) (three infected and one contact control each) or animal adapted btv serotype 10 (btv-10) (three sheep only). btv was isolated from peripheral blood cell components of infected sheep and cattle and all infected animals ... | 1990 | 2156375 |
| synthesis of bluetongue virus (btv) corelike particles by a recombinant baculovirus expressing the two major structural core proteins of btv. | the l3 and m7 genes of bluetongue virus (btv), which encode the two major core proteins of the virus (vp3 and vp7, respectively), were inserted into a baculovirus dual-expression transfer vector and a recombinant baculovirus expressing both foreign genes isolated following in vivo recombination with wild-type autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus dna. spodoptera frugiperda insect cells infected with the recombinant synthesized large amounts of btv corelike particles. these particles ... | 1990 | 2157041 |
| effects of anesthetization and storage temperature on bluetongue virus recovery from culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) and sheep blood. | monitoring infection rates of culicoides variipennis (coquillett) with bluetongue virus in rangeland deer and cattle often requires prolonged field excursions. methodology that fits field processing and storage was evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. triethylamine was used to anesthetize culicoides for sorting. a portable liquid nitrogen vapor shipping container offered a convenient means of insect storage at temperatures that ensured preservation of the virus and eliminated fungal ... | 1990 | 2159074 |
| high level expression of the two outer capsid proteins of bluetongue virus serotype 10: their relationship with the neutralization of virus infection. | dna representing rna segments 2 and 5 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10, corresponding to the genes that code for the outer capsid proteins vp2 and vp5, have been inserted into a baculovirus transfer vector in lieu of the coding region of the polyhedrin gene of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). after co-transfection of spodoptera frugiperda cells with wild-type acnpv dna in the presence of the recombinant transfer vector dnas polyhedrin-negative recombinant baculovir ... | 1990 | 2160763 |
| expression of the outer capsid protein, vp2, from a full length cdna clone of genome segment 2 of bluetongue serotype 1 from south africa, using both sp6 and vaccinia expression systems and a comparison of the nucleic acid sequence of this segment with those of other serotypes. | genome segment 2 of bluetongue virus serotype 1 from south africa (btv-1sa) was purified from a preparation of all ten dsrna segments. this dsrna was used as a template to make a full-length dna copy of segment 2, which was then cloned into puc19. the cdna insert was transferred into a bacterial expression vector (pgem; promega) and, by means of in vitro transcription and translation systems, used to synthesise a polypeptide of similar size to vp2 (as analyzed by page). the cdna insert was also ... | 1990 | 2160764 |
| [the significance of the structural characteristics of the agent for the problems of immunization against blue tongue]. | bluetongue virus (btv), an arthropod-borne virus, is transmitted primarily by biting midges of the genus culicoides. some insect species, which might serve as a potential vector, are prevalent in central europe. in sheep, bluetongue is acute and mortality is high, whereas in cattle, goats and most wild ruminants the infection is usually clinically inapparent. viremia is of short duration in sheep, but cattle experience a prolonged viremia and provide a reservoir for the dissemination of btv. at ... | 1991 | 1665600 |
| antibodies against certain bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viral serotypes in indonesian ruminants. | the orbiviruses contain several important viruses of livestock including bluetongue (bt) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd) which share some group antigens. preliminary screening of sera for antibodies to orbiviruses by the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test has previously revealed widespread infections with the bt group in indonesia. however serum neutralization (sn) tests give a more accurate estimate of exposure to each serotype in the bt and ehd groups, and in this study were ... | 1991 | 1679575 |
| molecular comparison of vp3 from bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses. | the complete nucleic acid sequence of gene 3 from epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd) virus serotype 1 was determined. the 2768 bp sequence encodes a single protein that contains 899 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 103 kda. the predicted protein sequence has 94.7% identity with ehd virus serotype 2 and greater than 77% identity with the related bluetongue viruses serotypes 1, 10 and 17 vp3 proteins. the relevance of these data to studies of recombinant dna diagnostics and genet ... | 1991 | 1662848 |
| possible introduction of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus (serotype 2) and bluetongue virus (serotype 11) into british columbia in 1987 and 1988 by infected culicoides carried on the wind. | outbreaks of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer and of bluetongue began in british columbia in august and october 1987 respectively and recrudescence of infection by both viruses was detected the following year in august. weather records for up to 18 days before the initial outbreaks of disease, isolation of virus or seroconversion were examined to determine if the viruses could have been introduced by infected culicoides carried on the wind. data on temperature, rainfall, wind speed and dire ... | 1991 | 1665099 |
| genetic variation and evolutionary relationships amongst bluetongue viruses endemic in the united states. | the genetic variation and evolutionary relationships amongst the five serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) endemic to the united states were investigated by oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis. the viruses analyzed include prototype viruses of the five u.s. serotypes, and 32 viruses isolated from domestic and wild ruminants from the u.s. in the years 1979-1981. with the exception of serotype 2, most genes encoding the viral core and non-structural proteins were demonstrated to be highly conserve ... | 1991 | 1661983 |
| complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of genome segment 5 encoding the outer capsid protein, vp5, of a u.s. isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 11. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the rna genome segment coding for the outer capsid protein, vp5, of the united states prototypic strain of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 11 was determined from two overlapping cdna clones. the genome segment was found to be 1638 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame coding for a 526 amino acid protein of mw 59,278 and having a net charge of -4.0 at neutral ph. comparisons of the predicted amino acid sequence of vp5 of btv 11 with those of th ... | 1991 | 1661982 |
| a rna virus in cells from culicoides variipennis. | a virus was detected in cells (designated cuva) cultured from one laboratory colony of the biting midge, culicoides variipennis. by electron microscopy (30 nm), nonenveloped, icosahedral virions arranged separately and in crystalline matrix arrays were seen in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus of cuva cells. separation by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed multiple bands of viral-induced double-stranded rna. inoculation of this virus onto different cell lines and intracranially i ... | 1991 | 2022869 |
| a comparison of the genes which encode non-structural protein ns3 of different orbiviruses. | the segment 10 (s10) genes of african horsesickness virus (ahsv), palyam virus and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus were translated in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. each of the s10 genes encoded two proteins ns3 and ns3a, which were shown to be related by peptide mapping. cloned copies of the s10 genes of two ahsv serotypes (ahsv-3 and ahsv-9) and palyam virus were sequenced and compared to each other and to the nucleotide sequence of bluetongue virus (btv) gene s10. two in-p ... | 1991 | 2033391 |
| expression of a full-length nonstructural protein ns1 of bluetongue virus serotype 17 in escherichia coli. | the relative abundance of the nonstructural protein ns1 in bluetongue virus (btv)-infected cells, the existence of ns1 in the btv particles and the highly conserved ns1 gene among btv serotypes indicate the diagnostic potential of using ns1 in detecting btv infections. in this study a ns1 gene was expressed with the t7 rna polymerase expression system to produce a full-length ns1 protein. sheep anti-ns1 antibodies were raised with the e. coli-produced ns1 and used to show that the ns1 proteins o ... | 1991 | 1659409 |
| sources of variation in an enzyme-linked immunoassay of bluetongue virus in culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | an enzyme-linked immunoassay for detecting bluetongue virus in infected culicoides variipennis was evaluated using a nested analysis of variance to determine sources of experimental error in the procedure. the major source of variation was differences among individual insects (84% of the total variance). storing insects at -70 degrees c for two months contributed to experimental variation in the elisa reading (14% of the total variance) and should be avoided. replicate assays of individual insec ... | 1991 | 1647459 |
| a monoclonal antibody blocking elisa detects antibodies specific for epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. | the isolation of a monoclonal antibody (1g9/c9) with specificity for the epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) serogroup has enabled the development of a highly sensitive and specific blocking elisa (b-elisa) for the detection of serum antibodies to ehd viruses. the assay was sensitive to blocking antibodies present in hyperimmune reference antisera to all six ehd serotypes tested but was unaffected by reference antisera to 19 south african and eight australian serotypes of the related orbivirus ... | 1991 | 1663289 |
| evidence of genome segment 5 reassortment in bluetongue virus field isolates. | a recombinant cdna probe from genome segment 5 obtained from a virulent us bluetongue virus strain (btv-11 strain uc8) was hybridized to us and israeli btv prototypes and field isolates. the cloned genetic probe hybridized with us btv prototype 10, but not with us prototypes 2, 11, 13, and 17; with the avirulent btv-11 strain uc2; and with the israeli prototype 10. when the probe was hybridized to field isolates from the us serotypes, it hybridized to 12 of 14 btv-10 isolates and 4 of 17 btv-11 ... | 1991 | 1664671 |
| cytokine modulation of the interaction between bluetongue virus and endothelial cells in vitro. | an in vitro model was developed to examine the interaction between endothelial cells and the host inflammatory response in bluetongue virus (btv) infections. whole cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, a tritiated thymidine uptake assay, and a colorimetric assay of mitochondrial function were used to assess how four cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) affect endothelial cell metabolism and susceptibility to btv infection. concurrent alte ... | 1991 | 1722925 |
| mass screening of cattle sera against 14 infectious disease agents, using an elisa system for monitoring health in livestock. | mass screening elisa methods were developed for testing cattle serum for antibodies against 14 common livestock diseases simultaneously. the absorbance values were transformed to a %elisa (spectrophotometric antibody end point) by a computer interfaced with a microplate reader. a histogram indicating a cutoff point and a report for the veterinarian also was generated. the computer program produced a print-out of the antibody profile for each animal tested, the antibody concentration against each ... | 1991 | 1767993 |
| the use of a membrane feeding technique to determine the infection rate of culicoides imicola (diptera, ceratopogonidae) for 2 bluetongue virus serotypes in south africa. | culicoides spp. in the lowveld of the northern transvaal, republic of south africa, were fed bluetongue virus serotypes 3 and 6 and african horsesickness virus serotype 1 through latex and chicken skin membranes. after an incubation period of 10 days at 25-27 degrees c, the infection rate of c. imicola for bluetongue virus serotypes 3 and 6 was established at 31% and 24% respectively. no african horsesickness virus could be recovered. the membrane feeding technique and handling procedures proved ... | 1991 | 1646980 |
| bluetongue research in australia--1990. | 1991 | 1648905 | |
| detection of bluetongue virus by using bovine endothelial cells and embryonated chicken eggs. | two systems, inoculation of bovine endothelial cells and of embryonated chicken eggs, were compared for detection of bluetongue virus (btv) in blood specimens from experimentally inoculated sheep. for all btv serotypes tested, embryonated chicken eggs detected longer periods of viremia than did bovine endothelial cells, primarily by detecting btv in samples containing lower virus concentrations. | 1991 | 1847151 |
| bluetongue in the sultanate of oman, a preliminary epidemiological study. | a group specific agar-gel immunodiffusion test was used to demonstrate that there is a frequent and widespread distribution of bluetongue virus throughout the sultanate of oman. the culicoides midges c. imicola and c. schultzei, both capable of transmitting bluetongue group viruses, were recorded throughout the year. although these studies did not establish that bluetongue is enzootic in oman, type-specific neutralizing antibody results supported previous evidence for the existence of a saudi ar ... | 1991 | 1652452 |
| bluetongue virus evolution: sequence analyses of the genomic s1 segments and major core protein vp7. | the s1 segments, encoding the group-specific antigen, vp7, from the five united states prototype btv serotypes were cloned as full-length entities. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of segment s1 of btv-2 were determined and compared with btv-10, -11, -13, and -17, completing the sequencing of this cognate gene segment from all five us btv serotypes. each segment is 1156 bp long and contains an open reading frame encoding the 349-amino acid vp7 protein. most (greater than 94%) of t ... | 1991 | 1849684 |
| dot immunoperoxidase assay using monoclonal antibody for detection of bluetongue virus antigens. | a rapid, simple dot immunoperoxidase assay (dipa) is described for visual detection and identification of bluetongue virus (btv) antigens in samples of infected cell culture fluid. the assay was performed using nitrocellulose (nc) paper and 'dipsticks'. dots of samples were adsorbed to the nc surface and the remaining non-specific binding sites were blocked with skim milk solution. btv was detected with either of two murine monoclonal antibodies (4h4, 5g12) to the major group specific antigens o ... | 1991 | 1849912 |
| a survey of cattle for antibodies against bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer viruses in british columbia and southwestern alberta in 1987. | in 1987 a serological survey of cattle for antibodies (ab) to bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was undertaken in british columbia and southwestern alberta after infection with the viruses was diagnosed in wild and domestic ruminants in the okanagan valley. of 4610 cattle tested, five had ab only to btv, 125 had antibodies only to ehdv and 16 had ab to both viruses. the ab were identified as specific for btv type 11 (bt-11) or ehdv type 2 (ehdv-2). all but one ... | 1991 | 1653104 |
| expression of the outer capsid protein vp5 of two bluetongue viruses, and synthesis of chimeric double-shelled virus-like particles using combinations of recombinant baculoviruses. | we have previously reported the assembly of virus-like particles (vlps), consisting of the four major structural proteins of bluetongue virus (btv), in spodoptera frugiperda cells coinfected with recombinant baculoviruses (french et al. (1990). j. virol. 64, 5695-5700). in this paper we report further studies using this system to assemble heterologous vlps containing the outer capsid proteins (vp2 and vp5) of a range of different btv serotypes. s. frugiperda cells were coinfected with three reco ... | 1991 | 1850928 |
| infection of the midgut of culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) with bluetongue virus. | when culicoides variipennis (coquillett) ingested a bluetongue virus (btv)-defibrinated sheep blood suspension, btv adsorbed to sheep red blood cells (rbcs) within 2 h. the virus had entered rbcs by 6 h and was still seen in rbcs 2 d after ingestion of the blood meal, even though the rbcs had been dehydrated. the peritrophic membrane began to form on day 1, and it contained breaks by day 3. the peritrophic membrane did not prevent infection of the midgut epithelium. viral replication occurred in ... | 1991 | 1851848 |
| failure to establish congenital bluetongue virus infection by infecting cows in early pregnancy. | two groups of 10 pregnant cows were inoculated with bluetongue virus type 11 at either 40 or 60 days of gestation. all the cows became infected as judged by the detection of viraemia and seroconversion but they showed no clinical signs. seventeen of the cows produced live calves none of which showed any evidence of prenatal infection. after challenge with the same virus all the calves became viraemic and seroconverted. the response to challenge of the two groups did not differ from that of a con ... | 1991 | 1852081 |
| the complete sequence of the group-specific antigen, vp7, of african horsesickness disease virus serotype 4 reveals a close relationship to bluetongue virus. | the complete sequence of the s7 rna that codes for the major group-specific coat protein. vp7, of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4) was determined from cdna analyses and found to be 1179 nucleotides in length. one single open reading frame of 353 codons was observed defining a protein of mr 38,107 with a net charge of -1.5 at neutral ph. comparison of the ahsv-4 vp7 sequence with that of bluetongue virus serotype 10 revealed an overall similarity of 44%, with the amino- and carboxy ... | 1991 | 1646273 |
| phylogenetic analyses of the complete nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein (vp3) of australian epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (serotype 2) and cognate genes from other orbiviruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the minor capsid protein (vp3) of epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (ehdv; australian serotype 2) was determined using a combination of cloning and sequencing methods. gene segment 3 that coded for the ehdv vp3 capsid protein was 2768 nucleotides in length with a coding region of 2697 nucleotides flanked by 5' and 3' non-coding regions of 17 and 53 nucleotides, respectively. a protein of 899 amino acids (mr 103,160) having no overall charge at neutr ... | 1991 | 1962502 |
| gamma irradiation alters bluetongue virus protein antigen. | bluetongue virus (btv) antigen, prepared for a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa), was exposed to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 mrad of gamma irradiation. the major group-specific btv protein (vp7) reactive with the mab was altered at higher doses of radiation, as revealed by immunoblotting studies. as well, a reduction in immunoreactivity was noted when irradiated antigen was used in the elisa. | 1991 | 1683136 |
| antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in a barrier island white-tailed deer population. | from 1981 through 1989, serum samples from 855 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from ossabaw island, georgia (usa), were tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). during this period, prevalence of precipitating antibodies to btv and ehdv as determined by agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) tests decreased from 74% to 3% and from 34% to 1%, respectively. antibodies were detected in serum samples from 0.5-yr-old deer only during 1981, 198 ... | 1991 | 1684621 |
| cutaneous lymphoid traffic in sheep infected with bluetongue virus. | 1991 | 1648279 | |
| a comparison of different genomic probes in the detection of virus-specified rna in orbivirus-infected cells. | different 32p-labelled genomic probes of bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and equine encephalosis virus (eev) were compared with respect to the detection of virus-specified rna in infected cells. the probe derived from the genome segment that encodes nonstructural protein ns1 was found to be the most sensitive, detecting virus-specified rna in glutaraldehyde-fixed cells as early as 2-3 h p.i. this comparison was based on the observation that the ns1 gene probe ... | 1991 | 1651948 |
| detection and characterisation of bluetongue virus using the polymerase chain reaction. | pairs of oligodeoxynucleotide primers whose sequences were based on those of rna segment 3 that encodes the bluetongue virus serogroup-reactive protein vp3, were synthesized for three btvs from different geographic regions of the world and for seven australian orbiviruses. each pair of primers was then tested for the synthesis of cdna and in subsequent polymerase chain reactions (pcr) with all ten virus groups. all primers were serogroup-specific at low or high stringency. one pair of primers wa ... | 1991 | 1660214 |
| genetic control of oral susceptibility to infection of culicoides variipennis with bluetongue virus. | a family selection scheme, based on the progeny from individual females, was used to select several families of the insect vector culicoides variipennis that were resistant or susceptible to oral infection with bluetongue virus. genetic crosses between families showed results consistent with control by a single genetic locus (blu). reciprocal crosses suggested a maternal effect in which the genotype of the mother determined the phenotype of the offspring. the dominant and recessive natures of th ... | 1991 | 1662471 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of segment 5 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus; the outer capsid protein vp5 is homologous to the vp5 protein of bluetongue virus. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone representing the segment 5 rna of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) united states serotype 1 was determined. the 5' and 3' termini of the rna are complementary and are capable of forming secondary structures. the comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the encoded outer capsid protein (vp5) with the sequences of vp5 from four serotypes of bluetongue virus, the prototype orbivirus, revealed that the protein shares 59% to 62% ho ... | 1991 | 1662845 |
| isolation of bluetongue viral serotypes 7 and 9 from healthy sentinel cattle in west java, indonesia. | 1991 | 1666948 | |
| precipitating antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue viruses in white-tailed deer in the southeastern united states. | from 1981 to 1989, sera were collected from 3,077 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in georgia and from 1,749 deer from 12 additional states in the southeastern united states. in georgia, prevalence of precipitating antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and bluetongue virus (btv), as determined by agar gel immunodiffusion tests, was dependent on physiographic region, age, and year. overall prevalence of antibodies to ehdv and/or btv was 11, 33, 48, and 14% for the mou ... | 1991 | 1676762 |
| isolation and identification of arboviruses from the sultanate of oman. | sentinel herds and a vector surveillance system were used to identify the presence of arboviruses in oman. two strains of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 4 and two strains of akabane virus, were isolated and identified. both btv isolates and one akabane virus isolate came from goats while the second akabane isolate came from culicoides imicola. this is the first isolation of an akabane virus from culicoides in arabia. vector competence studies with the oman viruses in laboratory reared c. variip ... | 1991 | 1850363 |
| sequence conservation of the outer capsid protein, vp5, of bluetongue virus, a contrasting feature to the outer capsid protein vp2. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone representing the segment 5 rna of bluetongue virus (btv) united states serotype 13 was determined. the comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the encoded protein (vp5) with the sequences of vp5 from two btv united states serotypes, 10 and 2, and two isolates of btv serotype 1 (australian and south african), revealed that the protein is highly conserved among the different serotypes despite their geographical separation. | 1991 | 1847179 |
| temporal relationships of viremia, interferon activity, and antibody responses of sheep infected with several bluetongue virus strains. | sheep had viremias that were first detected on day 3 (+/- 1) after infection with several strains of bluetongue virus (btv) representing united states serotypes 10, 11, 13, and 17. diphasic peaks of infectivity were attained on days 6 and 10 (+/- 2). interferon (ifn) was first detected in serum samples on day 5 (+/- 1), and reached greatest concentrations on day 6 (+/- 2), which coincided with the first viremic peak; ifn concentrations then decreased toward zero by day 10 (+/- 2). interferon pea ... | 1991 | 1707246 |
| assembly of five bluetongue virus proteins expressed by recombinant baculoviruses: inclusion of the largest protein vp1 in the core and virus-like proteins. | bluetongue virus (btv) vp1 protein, a component of the viral rna-directed rna polymerase, but not the vp4 or vp6 proteins, was specifically incorporated into baculovirus expressed btv core-like particles (composed of vp3 and vp7) and btv virus-like particles (composed of vp2, vp3, vp5, and vp7). the vp1 protein has been shown to be associated with subcore particles composed of vp3. the data suggest that the vp1 protein of btv has both enzymatic and structural roles in the virus life cycle. | 1991 | 1846500 |
| epidemiology of bluetongue and related orbiviruses in the sultanate of oman. | sentinel herds at 34 farms were used to study the epidemiology of bluetongue and related orbiviruses in oman. the results indicate that bluetongue virus (btv) is widespread and is enzootic in northern oman. at least three btv serotypes (3, 4 and 22) were present at the time of the study. antibodies to epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus (ehdv) type 2 and ehdv-318 were also detected but were less prevalent. entomological investigations identified the presence of 16 species of culicoides. ... | 1991 | 1847102 |
| a competitive elisa for detection of antibodies to the group antigen of bluetongue virus. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) was developed to detect antibodies to the group antigen of bluetongue virus (btv). the epitope recognized by the btv-specific monoclonal antibody was confirmed, by immunofluorescence staining of monolayers of virus-infected vero cells, to be present on btv serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17 but not on epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotypes 1 and 2. sera from btv-inoculated ruminants and rabbits were used to evaluate the celisa a ... | 1991 | 1716467 |
| a bluetongue serogroup-reactive epitope in the amino terminal half of the major core protein vp7 is accessible on the surface of bluetongue virus particles. | immunoelectron microscopy has been used to confirm that the core protein vp7 is accessible on the surface of bluetongue virus (btv) particles. monospecific antibodies generated to vaccinia virus-expressed vp7 and an anti-vp7 monoclonal antibody (mab 20e9) bound to native virus particles and were localized by protein a-gold. in contrast, mab 20e9 labeled directly with gold failed to gain access and bind, suggesting that vp7 is neither adventitiously adsorbed to the virion surface nor exposed in a ... | 1991 | 1703371 |
| host-dependent variation of bluetongue virus neutralization. | to determine if neutralizing epitopes of bluetongue virus (btv) 17 are host dependent, e.g., that monoclonal antibodies (mab) to bluetongue virus 17 (btv 17) differ in their ability to neutralize btv infectivity in insect versus mammalian cells, a panel of neutralizing mab was developed. the relative neutralizing titer of eight mab for btv 17 infectivity in mammalian versus insect target cells was determined. four mab differed in their relative neutralization titer when assayed on mammalian targ ... | 1991 | 1705948 |
| synthesis and characterization of chimeric particles between epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus: functional domains are conserved on the vp3 protein. | a functional assay has been developed to determine the conservative nature of the interacting sites of various structural proteins of orbiviruses by using baculovirus expression vectors. for this investigation, proteins of two serologically related orbiviruses, bluetongue virus (btv) and the less studied epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), were used to synthesize chimeric particles. the results demonstrate that the inner capsid protein vp3 of ehdv-1 can replace vp3 protein of btv in form ... | 1991 | 1870203 |
| detection of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus using nucleic acid hybridization. | a ribonucleic acid (rna) hybridization assay to identify cattle infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is described. the rna probe was derived from the coding region at the 3' end of the genome of the nadl strain of bvdv. total rna from infected cell cultures or peripheral blood leukocytes from suspect animals was extracted and applied to nylon membranes with a slot blot apparatus. peripheral blood leukocytes were tested concurrently for bvdv by virus isolation. the results of hybridizat ... | 1991 | 1645592 |
| detection of bluetongue virus rna by in situ hybridization: comparison with virus isolation and antigen detection. | an in situ nucleic acid hybridization (ish) technique was developed to detect bluetongue virus (btv) rna in cell culture. the sensitivity of the ish technique was compared with virus isolation (vi) and antigen detection, using an indirect fluorescent-antibody (ifa) or an enzyme immunocytoassay (eica) technique, for detection of 5 btv serotypes indigenous to the united states. the vi was the most sensitive technique, detecting btv early after infection of the cells. the ifa and eica were of simil ... | 1991 | 1645594 |
| high level expression of the major core protein vp7 and the non-structural protein ns3 of bluetongue virus in yeast: use of expressed vp7 as a diagnostic, group-reactive antigen in a blocking elisa. | the major core protein vp7 and a non-structural protein ns3 of bluetongue virus serotype 1 have been synthesized from recombinant plasmids using both an in vitro transcription/translation system and a yeast expression system. bluetongue virus genes were transcribed under the control of the bacteriophage sp6 promoter and the regulatable yeast metallothionein promoter. an indirect elisa showed that expression of ns3 in yeast was inducible with 1 mm cuso4 and vp7 synthesis was constitutive but coul ... | 1991 | 1645903 |
| a characterization of the nonstructural protein from which the virus-specified tubules in epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus-infected cells are composed. | the complete nucleotide sequence of segment 6 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (alberta) which encodes nonstructural protein ns1 was determined from a cdna clone containing a full-length copy of the gene. the gene was found to be 1806 bp in length, constituted by one open reading frame of 1656 bp which is flanked by 5' and 3' noncoding regions of 32 and 118 bp, respectively. the conserved 5' and 3' terminal hexanucleotide sequences were identical to those of btv-10. the 5' nonc ... | 1991 | 1645906 |
| isolation and identification of a variant of bluetongue virus serotype 11 from a ram in a bluetongue outbreak in western texas. | a field strain of bluetongue virus was isolated from a blood sample of a ram during an outbreak of bluetongue in november 1985 in western texas. in this bluetongue outbreak at least 25 of the 2,000 sheep were infected. isolation was made by intravenous inoculation of 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. the serotype was identified as serotype 11 by serum neutralization tests. the genomic pattern on sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of the new isolate is simil ... | 1991 | 1653269 |
| localization of the non-structural protein ns3 in bluetongue virus-infected cells. | the localization of the blue tongue virus (btv) non-structural proteins ns3 and ns3a has been identified using immunoelectron microscopical techniques. ns3 and ns3a have been observed in the plasma membrane of btv- and recombinant vaccinia virus (expressing ns3)-infected cells. the ns3 protein was associated with areas of membrane perturbation. there was a good correlation between the presence of ns3 and ns3a and btv release. the ns3 protein was associated with membrane fragments and the inabili ... | 1991 | 1654377 |
| dot immunobinding assay for the detection of bluetongue virus antibodies in sheep experimentally inoculated with bluetongue virus type 1. | dot immunobinding assay (dia) was evaluated for the detection of bluetongue virus (btv) antibodies in sheep experimentally inoculated with btv 1. serum samples collected on 14, 21, 28, 43 and 60 day post infection (dpi) were positive for precipitating antibodies by the agar gel precipitation test (agpt) while antibodies could be detected as early as 7 dpi by dia and elisa. virus neutralizing antibodies were detected first at 14 dpi. the sensitivity of the four tests was compared on the same seru ... | 1991 | 1654670 |
| an outbreak of disease in cattle due to bluetongue virus. | 1991 | 1655061 | |
| serological diagnosis of bluetongue by blocking or competitive elisa by four laboratories. | 1991 | 1655062 | |
| serologic survey for selected microbial pathogens in bison from kansas. | a serologic survey was conducted on an american bison (bison bison) herd in kansas for antibodies against brucella spp., leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, pomona, grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, and hardjo, anaplasma spp., bluetongue virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus. there was an increase in prevalence of bluetongue antibodies from 38% in 1987 to 100% in 1989 in animals greater than or equal to 24-mo-old. prevalences of antibodies against ... | 1991 | 1656107 |
| a comparison of the nucleotide sequences of cognate ns2 genes of three different orbiviruses. | the genes encoding nonstructural protein ns2 of african horsesickness virus (ahsv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) were cloned, sequenced, and compared to the ns2 gene of bluetongue virus (btv). nucleotide similarity ranged from 53 to 60%. the length of the proteins varied from 376 amino acids (ehdv) to 365 amino acids (ahsv). the n-terminal half of ns2 is more conserved (+/- 58% similarity) among the three orbiviruses, while the c-terminal half contains a 120 amino acid region of ... | 1991 | 1656603 |
| failure of embryos from bluetongue infected cattle to transmit virus to susceptible recipients or their offspring. | sixty heifers were infected with bluetongue virus (btv) by the bites of the vector and by inoculation with insect origin virus. during the acute and convalescent stages of the infection, embryos were collected nonsurgically from these animals and washed according to the recommendations of the international embryo transfer society (1). no btv was isolated from 77 of these embryos when they were inoculated onto cell culture and into embryonating chicken eggs. there was no evidence of lateral btv t ... | 1991 | 16727038 |
| evolving perceptions of bluetongue: a challenge for government and industry. | from the first discovery of bluetongue virus activity in canada in the okanagan valley of british columbia in 1976 to the present, more than 175,000 sera from cattle in canada have been tested for the presence of bluetongue antibody during the course of disease investigations and during regional or national surveys. serological reactors have been detected only in cattle resident in the okanagan valley or in those originating in the united states.despite the regional nature of the distribution of ... | 1992 | 17423944 |
| variation amongst the neutralizing epitopes of bluetongue viruses isolated in the united states in 1979-1981. | neutralizing epitopes present on field isolates of bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes 10, 11, 13 and 17 were evaluated with a panel of polyclonal and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs). a total of 91 field isolates were evaluated, including 15 isolates of btv-10, 29 isolates of btv-11, 26 isolates of btv-13, and 21 isolates of btv-17. the viruses were isolated from cattle, goats, sheep, elk and deer in idaho, louisiana, nebraska and, predominantly, california, in the years 1979, 1980 and 19 ... | 1992 | 1379766 |
| presentation of hepatitis b virus pres2 epitope on bluetongue virus core-like particles. | a chimeric protein containing most of the hepatitis b virus pres2 region (amino acid residues 1-48) upstream to, and colinear with the amino-terminus of bluetongue virus vp7 protein (pres2-vp7) was expressed by a recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv). the chimeric protein formed btv core-like particles (clps) in spodoptera frugiperda cells only when the cells were coinfected with this recombinant virus and a recombinant baculovirus that expresses unmodified vp7 an ... | 1992 | 1381538 |
| cause-specific mortality of white-tailed deer as influenced by military training activities in southwestern oklahoma. | radio-telemetry was used to monitor movements and mortality of 56 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in response to intensive military training activities on west range (18,000 ha), fort sill military reservation, oklahoma. cause-specific mortality was determined for 22 radio-collared deer, including adults (greater than or equal to 2.0-yr-old), yearlings (0.6-1.9-yr-old), and fawns (less than or equal to 75-day-old age group) from 1987 to 1989. winter home ranges were largely confined t ... | 1992 | 1512871 |
| serologic survey for selected arboviruses and other potential pathogens in wildlife from mexico. | during 1988 and 1989, a serologic survey of wildlife was conducted in northeastern mexico to determine the presence, prevalence, and distribution of arboviruses and other selected disease agents. eighty mammal specimens were tested. antibodies to vesicular stomatitis-indiana, venezuelan equine encephalitis-mena ii, rio grande virus, and vesicular stomatitis-new jersey were detected predominantly in small mammals. deer and mouflon (ovis musimon) had antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrha ... | 1992 | 1512876 |
| spatial and seasonal distribution of potential vectors of hemorrhagic disease viruses to peninsular bighorn sheep in the santa rosa mountains of southern california. | blood-feeding midges (culicoides sp. and leptoconops sp.) were sampled in the santa rosa mountains, riverside county, california (usa), to determine which species might be involved in the transmission of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses to peninsular bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis cremnobates). host-seeking midges were sampled with co2-baited suction traps over a period of 30 mo. nineteen species of culicoides and seven of leptoconops were collected. five of the culicoides sp ... | 1992 | 1602570 |
| expression of the major core antigen vp7 of african horsesickness virus by a recombinant baculovirus and its use as a group-specific diagnostic reagent. | the major core protein, vp7, of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4), the aetiological agent of a recent outbreak of the disease in southern europe, was expressed in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing a cloned copy of the relevant ahsv gene (s7). analyses of its biochemical and antigenic properties confirmed the authenticity of the protein expressed. the high-level expression of vp7 under the control of the strong polyhedrin promoter of autographa californ ... | 1992 | 1378881 |
| flow cytometric analysis of in vitro bluetongue virus infection of bovine blood mononuclear cells. | cultures of adherent and non-adherent bovine peripheral blood mononuclear (pbm) cells were inoculated with bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10. some cultures of non-adherent cells were stimulated with interleukin 2 (il-2) and concanavalin a for 24 h prior to virus inoculation. cells were harvested at various intervals up to 72 h after inoculation. a panel of leukocyte differentiation antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), specific for bovine cd2, cd4 or cd8, monocytes and granulocytes, b ... | 1992 | 1322956 |
| serological differentiation of five bluetongue virus serotypes in indirect elisa. | the serological reactivity in indirect elisa of five different bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes (4, 10, 15, 16 & 20) was compared using polyclonal antisera raised against virus particles and an outer structural protein, vp2. rabbit and sheep antisera against btv-10 produced higher elisa values with their homologous antigens than with heterologous serotypes. a hyperimmune rabbit serum specific for virus particles was able to distinguish heterologous serotypes from each other, but a sheep serum fr ... | 1992 | 1325046 |
| simultaneous screening of bovine sera for antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer viruses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) is described for simultaneous screening of bovine sera for detection of antibodies to bluetongue (bt) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd) viruses (v). optimal dilutions of btv and ehdv antigens were combined and allowed to absorb on to the wells of microtiter plates. appropriately diluted (1:100) bovine sera were allowed to incubate and the bound antibodies were detected by a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) to bovine immunoglob ... | 1992 | 1322614 |
| microgeographic and temporal genetic variation in populations of the bluetongue virus vector culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | seven colorado populations of the bluetongue virus vector culicoides varipennis (coquillett) were analyzed for genetic variation at 19-21 isozyme loci. permanent populations, which overwinter as larvae, showed little temporal genetic change at 19 loci. pgd and mdh showed seasonal changes in gene frequencies, attributable to selection at two permanent populations. two temporary populations showed low heterozygosity compared with permanent populations. independent estimates of gene flow, calculate ... | 1992 | 1320698 |
| competitive elisa for serodiagnosis of bluetongue: evaluation of group-specific monoclonal antibodies and expressed vp7 antigen. | the performance of 2 competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (c-elisa) was compared with the reference c-elisa i for the detection of antibodies to bluetongue virus (btv). one of the assays (c-elisa ii) used a group-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) to btv, obtained from the american type culture collection (8a3b-6) and tissue culture (tc)-derived btv antigen (ag), and the other assay (c-elisa iii) used btv core protein vp7 (expressed in yeast) and the reference mab (pirbright laboratory ... | 1992 | 1325189 |
| analysis of genetic variation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus field isolates by coelectrophoresis of their double-stranded rna. | thirty-two bovine field isolates of bluetongue virus (btv), 6 field isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) from deer, 4 btv prototype serotypes (10, 11, 13, and 17), and 2 ehdv prototype serotypes (1 and 2) were coelectrophoresed, using polyacrylamide gels. field isolates were obtained from various regions of the united states. analysis of polyacrylamide gels and scattered plots generated for comparison of migration patterns for different isolates within each serotype of btv reve ... | 1992 | 1326240 |
| interactions between bluetongue virus core and capsid proteins translated in vitro. | to determine whether the two major core proteins (vp3 and vp7) of bluetongue virus can interact in vitro to form morphological structures, linearized vp3 and vp7 cdna clones were transcribed using sp6 polymerase and the resultant transcripts were co-translated using rabbit reticulocyte lysates. the structures derived were isolated by sedimentation through a sucrose gradient and found to resemble vp3-vp7 core-like particles (clps) expressed in vivo. reacting clps synthesized in vivo with outer ca ... | 1992 | 1328473 |
| comparison of the major structural core proteins of tick-borne and culicoides-borne orbiviruses. | comparison of sequence data for broadhaven (brd) virus, a tick-borne orbivirus, and bluetongue virus (btv), the type species of the genus, indicated that rna segments 2 and 7 of brd virus encode the two structural core proteins, vp2 and vp7, respectively. segment 2 is 2792 nucleotides in length with a coding capacity for a protein (vp2) of 908 amino acids and a net charge of +8.5 at neutral ph. segment 7 is 1174 nucleotides in length with a coding capacity for a protein (vp7) of 356 amino acids ... | 1992 | 1328474 |
| the complete sequence of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (vaccine strain) rna segment 5 and its predicted polypeptide compared with ns1 of bluetongue virus. | the complete sequence of rna segment 5 of the african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4) vaccine strain was determined from cdna clones inserted into pbr322. the rna is 1751 bp long (m(r) 1.12 x 10(6)) and contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 548 amino acids (m(r) 63,122) with a net charge of +0.5 at neutral ph. a comparison of the sequence of ahsv-4 segment 5 with that of segment 6 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes 10 and 17 revealed 49.2% and 48.9% nucleotide similarity, ... | 1992 | 1328499 |
| interaction of nucleic acids with core-like and subcore-like particles of bluetongue virus. | bluetongue virus (btv) core-like particles (clps) were synthesized by coexpression of vp3 and vp7 using a dual recombinant baculovirus. purified clps were shown to bind single-stranded rna in three different assay systems: gel retardation, nitrocellulose binding, and sucrose gradient sedimentation. clps showed equal affinity for btv-specific and non-btv rna and also bound dna. rnaase protection experiments demonstrated that bound rna was accessible to immobilized ribonuclease, suggesting that th ... | 1992 | 1329318 |
| evolutionary relationships among the gnat-transmitted orbiviruses that cause african horse sickness, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease as evidenced by their capsid protein sequences. | the amino acid sequences of four major capsid proteins of african horse sickness virus (serotype 4, ahsv-4) have been compared with those of bluetongue virus of sheep. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer, and the phylogenetic relationships established. complete nucleotide sequence analysis of three rna segments (l2, l3, and m6) of ahsv-4 and their encoded products, vp2, vp3, and vp5, together with previously published data for vp7 (roy et al., 1991), have revealed that of the four capsid ... | 1992 | 1329319 |
| comparative sequence analyses of the cognate structural protein vp6 genes of five us bluetongue viruses. | the s3 segment (the small segment 3), encoding the structural protein, vp6, from the five united states (us) prototype bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes were amplified by the clamp-r method and cloned as full-length entities. the complete nucleotide sequence of each cognate gene segment was determined. each cognate s3 segment of btv-10, 11, 13 and 17 was 1049 nucleotides long and contained an open reading frame (orf) capable of encoding a 325-amino acid protein. however, the s3 segment of btv-2, ... | 1992 | 1329371 |
| sequence of genome segment 9 of bluetongue virus (serotype 1, south africa) and expression analysis demonstrating that different forms of vp6 are derived from initiation of protein synthesis at two distinct sites. | bluetongue virus (btv) vp6 is often resolved into two closely migrating bands by sds-page (vp6 and vp6a). rna segment 9 of btv-serotype 1 south africa (encoding vp6) has been cloned as cdna, and the complete sequence has been determined. expression of this clone both in vitro and in tissue culture produced the same polypeptide doublet as seen previously in extracts from btv-infected cells. modification of the cdna, including the removal of the first initiation codon, demonstrated that the two fo ... | 1992 | 1331303 |
| multiple glycoproteins synthesized by the smallest rna segment (s10) of bluetongue virus. | the genome of bluetongue virus, an orbivirus, consists of 10 double-stranded rnas, each encoding at least one polypeptide. the smallest rna segment (s10) encodes two minor nonstructural proteins, ns3 and ns3a, the structures and functions of which are not understood. we have expressed these two proteins in mammalian cells by using the t7 cytoplasmic transient expression system. using a deletion mutant (lacking the first aug initiation codon), we have demonstrated that the second initiation codon ... | 1992 | 1331513 |