Publications

identification of botrytis cinerea genes up-regulated during infection and controlled by the galpha subunit bcg1 using suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh).	the galpha subunit bcg1 plays an important role during the infection of host plants by botrytis cinerea. delta bcg1 mutants are able to conidiate, penetrate host leaves, and produce small primary lesions. however, in contrast to the wild type, the mutants completely stop invasion of plant tissue at this stage; secondary lesions have never been observed. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to identify fungal genes whose expression on the host plant is specifically affected in bcg ...	2004	15141958
the effect of botrytis cinerea infection on the antioxidant profile of mitochondria from tomato leaves.	infection of tomato leaves with the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea resulted in substantial changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle as well as in superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px), glutathione transferase (gst), and l-galactono-gamma-lactone dehydrogenase (gldh) activities. in the initial phase of the 5 d experiment cuzn sod was the most rapidly induced isoform (up to 209% of control), whereas later on its activity incre ...	2004	14966215
a dynamic binomial sequential sampling plan for plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) on broccoli and cauliflower in australia.	binomial sequential sampling plans have been used widely for monitoring invertebrate pest populations. such plans are typically based upon a single action threshold (at), which represents the level of infestation that the grower is prepared to accept before using a control measure. for many cropping systems this acceptable infestation level is likely to vary, being dependent on factors such as the growth stage of the crop and the value or demands of the destination market (e.g., local or high-qu ...	2004	14998136
synthesis and fungicidal activity of new n,o-acyl chitosan derivatives.	novel n,o-acyl chitosan (noac) derivatives were synthesized to examine their fungicidal activity against the gray mould fungus botrytis cinerea (leotiales: sclerotiniaceae) and the rice leaf blast fungus pyricularia oryzae (teleomorph: magnaporth grisea). the fungicidal activity was evaluated by the radial growth bioassay. noac derivatives were more active against the two plant pathogens than chitosan itself, and the effect was concentration dependent. against b. cinerea, 4-chlorobutyryl chitosa ...	2004	15003025
properties of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein isolated from 'oroblanco' grapefruit.	polygalacturonase inhibiting protein (pgip) was extracted from 'oroblanco' grapefruit type (triploid pummelo-grapefruit) albedo tissue, purified and partially characterized. extraction was carried out at 4 degrees c with a high ionic strength extraction buffer. after dialysis and concentration by ultrafiltration the extract was chromatographed on concanavalin a-sepharose. the pgip activity was bound by the lectin and then eluted using 250 mm alpha-methyl mannopyranoside, resulting in a 17-fold p ...	2004	15032836
genotypic effects on glucosinolates and sensory properties of broccoli and cauliflower.	the objective of this study was to investigate the influence that the species, form or cultivar exerts on the glucosinolate spectrum for glucosinolates and free sugars in selected vegetable species of the brassica genus (brassica oleracea var. italica plenck, brassica rapa var. alboglabra and brassica oleracea var. botrytis l.). the results showed significant differences amongst the cultivar groups for the glucosinolate proportions as well as the contents of health-promoting and flavour-influenc ...	2004	15053347
synthesis and antifungal action of new tricyclazole analogues.	melanins are very important pigments for the survival and longevity of fungi, so their biosynthesis inhibition is a new biochemical target aiming at the discovery of selective fungicides. in this work is described the synthesis of new pyrazolo-thiazolo-triazole compounds, analogues of tricyclazole (a commercial antifungal product that acts by inhibiting melanin synthesis), and their biological activity was studied on some dermatophytes and phytopathogens. the compounds poorly inhibited the growt ...	2004	15053543
molecular characterization and in planta detection of sclerotinia sclerotiorum endopolygalacturonase genes.	sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a plant pathogenic ascomycete, secretes multiple pectinolytic enzymes that facilitate penetration, colonization, and maceration of the plant tissues. molecular analysis has previously revealed that the pectinolytic system of the fungus is organized as a multigene family, among which a subfamily of three members encoding for neutral endopolygalacturonase (endopg) isoforms has been characterized. here we describe the isolation and characterization of three additional endo ...	2004	15057467
role of lipopeptides produced by bacillus subtilis ga1 in the reduction of grey mould disease caused by botrytis cinerea on apple.	test of bacillus subtilis strain ga1 for its potential to control grey mould disease of apple caused by botrytis cinerea.	2004	15078533
identification of botrytis cinerea susceptibility loci in arabidopsis thaliana.	botrytis cinerea is a major pathogen of fruit and vegetable crops causing both pre- and post-harvest grey mould. we have analysed 16 arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes for natural variation in b. cinerea susceptibility. susceptibility was associated with lower camalexin accumulation, and three ecotypes (cape verdi islands (cvi-0), slavice (sav-0) and kindalville (kin-0)) showed differential susceptibility to the two b. cinerea isolates used. subsequently, to better understand the genetic control of g ...	2004	15086796
mites and fungi in heavily infested stores in the czech republic.	toxigenic and allergen-producing fungi represent a serious hazard to human food and animal feed safety. ninety-four fungal species were isolated from mite-infested samples of seeds taken from czech seed stores. fungi were isolated from the surface of four kinds of seeds (wheat, poppy, lettuce, and mustard) and from the gut and external surface of five species of mites (i.e., acarus siro l., 1758, caloglyphus rhizoglyphoides (zachvatkin, 1973), lepidoglyphus destructor (schrank, 1781), tyrophagus ...	2004	15666776
in vitro attachment of phylloplane yeasts to botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotinia homoeocarpa.	the ability of yeasts to attach to hyphae or conidia of phytopathogenic fungi has been speculated to contribute to biocontrol activity on plant surfaces. attachment of phylloplane yeasts to botrytis cinerea, rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotinia homoeocarpa was determined using in vitro attachment assays. yeasts were incubated for 2 d on potato dextrose agar (pda) prior to experimentation. a total of 292 yeasts cultured on pda were screened for their ability to attach to conidia of b. cinerea; 260 ...	2004	15714235
resistance to air-born diseases and pests induced by compost in substrate cultivation of strawberry.		2004	15756844
in situ development and application of cdna-aflp to isolate genes of candida oleophila (strain o) potentially involved in antagonistic properties against botrytis cinerea.	the yeast candida oleophila (strain o) presents a high level of protective activity against botrytis cinerea (gray mold) on postharvest apples. the cdna-aflp technique allows the comparison of mrna populations extracted from cells grown in different conditions. in order to isolate yeast genes potentially involved in biological control properties, that technique was applied on strain o cells growing on apple wounds. the biological control properties of 8 c. oleophila strains and strain o were ass ...	2004	15756845
biocontrol agents of botrytis cinerea tested in climate chambers by making artificial infection on tomato leafs.	to reduce the use of chemical agents, that are causing damage to the environment, in the fight against botrytis cinerea, different bca's were tested for their possibility to control botrytis cinerea in a biological way. in order to investigate the effectiveness of the different micro organisms and elot-vis, experiments were carried out in climate chambers with 5 weeks old tomato plants. leafs on the plant were inoculated with drops of a suspension that contained spores of botrytis cinerea. the p ...	2004	15756850
different products for biological control of botrytis cinerea examined on wounded stem tissue of tomato plants.	for the moment the agents that are used against botrytis cinerea, in glasshouses were tomatoes are cultivated, are from chemical origin. for reducing the use of chemical agents in the future it is important to search for effective biological control agents against the fight of botrytis cinerae. the following biological products vital pasta, vital gel and elot-vis were examined in there possibility to control botrytis cinerea. elot vis was tested out in experiments that were carried out in climat ...	2004	15756851
repercussion of the phytosanitary treatments on various models of foliage management in a cabernet sauvignon vineyard (i note).	this study is the first communication about the repercussion of several phytosanitary treatments in three different training systems, differently managed in foilage, in relation to the usual phytopatologies: botrytis, acid rot, grape mildew and oldium. particular attention to residuals of the products supplied on the foilage and present in ground and wine is paid. the considered foilage management systems are among those more spread and effective ones for a good quality wine production for caber ...	2004	15756858
signum, a new fungicide with interesting properties in resistance management of fungal diseases in strawberries.	signum, a new fungicide developed by basf, was applied during 6 successive years against fungal diseases in strawberries. the product is formulated as a water dispersible granule, containing 6.7 % pyraclostrobin and 26.7 % boscalid. pyraclostrobin is similar in chemistry to other strobilurin fungicides like kresoxim-methyl and trifloxystrobin, registered for fruit disease control. boscalid belongs to the class of carboxyanilides. both components in the premix formulation combine two different bi ...	2004	15756865
the bos loci of arabidopsis are required for resistance to botrytis cinerea infection.	three botrytis-susceptible mutants bos2, bos3, and bos4 which define independent and novel genetic loci required for arabidopsis resistance to botrytis cinerea were isolated. the bos2 mutant is susceptible to b. cinerea but retains wild-type levels of resistance to other pathogens tested, indicative of a defect in a response pathway more specific to b. cinerea. the bos3 and bos4 mutants also show increased susceptibility to alternaria brassicicola, another necrotrophic pathogen, suggesting a bro ...	2004	15500471
[germination of phytopathogenic fungi conidia].	the autoregulation of conidium germination in phytopathogenic micromycetes of the genera fusarium, botrytis, and bipolaris was studied. it was shown that trichoderma longibrachiatum was less competitive than fusarium oxysporum after their simultaneous inoculation but inhibited the phytopathogen growth in the case of earlier introduction. in the latter case, no autoinhibition of the germination of f. oxysporum conidia occurred; moreover, cooperative effect was observed, i.e., the number of germin ...	2004	15521169
vpegamma exhibits a caspase-like activity that contributes to defense against pathogens.	caspases are a family of aspartate-specific cysteine proteases that play an essential role in initiating and executing programmed cell death (pcd) in metazoans. caspase-like activities have been shown to be required for the initiation of pcd in plants, but the genes encoding those activities have not been identified. vpegamma, a cysteine protease, is induced during senescence, a form of pcd in plants, and is localized in precursor protease vesicles and vacuoles, compartments associated with pcd ...	2004	15530390
allergenic fungi spore records (15 years) and sensitization in patients with respiratory allergy in thessaloniki-greece.	the prevalence of respiratory allergy to fungi spores (fs) is not precisely known but is estimated at 20-30% of atopic patients. there are no aerobiological records, necessary for respiratory allergy diagnosis and treatment, in thessaloniki and generally in greece.	2004	15552717
coccinin, an antifungal peptide with antiproliferative and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities from large scarlet runner beans.	an antifungal peptide, designated coccinin, with a molecular mass of 7kda and an n-terminal sequence resembling those of defensins, was purified from the seeds of large scarlet runner beans (phaseolus coccineus cv. 'major'). the peptide isolated was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose, and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and mono s. the peptide excerted antifungal activity on a number of fungal species including botrytis cinerea, coprinus comatus, fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalos ...	2004	15572193
atmyb32 is required for normal pollen development in arabidopsis thaliana.	atmyb32 gene is a member of the r2r3 myb gene family coding for transcription factors in arabidopsis thaliana. its expression pattern was analysed using northern blotting, in situ hybridization and promoter-gus fusions. atmyb32 is expressed in many tissues, but most strongly in the anther tapetum, stigma papillae and lateral root primordia. atmyb32-gus was induced in leaves and stems following wounding, and in root primordia by auxin. t-dna insertion populations were screened and two insertion m ...	2004	15584962
crosstalk in the responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in arabidopsis: analysis of gene expression in cytochrome p450 gene superfamily by cdna microarray.	from arabidopsis full-length cdna libraries, we collected ca. 7000 (7k) independent full-length cdnas to prepare a cdna microarray. the 7k cdna collection contains 49 cytochrome p450 genes. in this study, expression patterns of these cytochrome p450 genes were analyzed by a full-length cdna microarray under various treatments, such as hormones (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, abscisic acid), pathogen-inoculation ( alternaria brassicicola , alternaria alternata ), paraquat, rose bengal, ...	2004	15604685
the chromoplasts of or mutants of cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis).	the or mutation in cauliflower (brassica oleracea l. var. botrytis) leads to abnormal accumulations of beta-carotene in orange chromoplasts, in tissues in which leucoplasts are characteristic of wild-type plants. or chromoplasts were investigated by light microscopy of fresh materials and electron microscopy of glutaraldehyde- and potassium permanganate-fixed materials. carotenoid inclusions in or chromoplasts resemble those found in carrot root chromoplasts in their optical activity and angular ...	2004	15614485
biosynthesis of abscisic acid by the direct pathway via ionylideneethane in a fungus, cercospora cruenta.	we examined the biosynthetic pathway of abscisic acid (aba) after isopentenyl diphosphate in a fungus, cercospora cruenta. all oxygen atoms at c-1, -1, -1', and -4' of aba produced by this fungus were labeled with (18)o from (18)o(2). the fungus did not produce the 9z-carotenoid possessing gamma-ring that is likely a precursor for the carotenoid pathway, but produced new sesquiterpenoids, 2e,4e-gamma-ionylideneethane and 2z,4e-gamma-ionylideneethane, along with 2e,4e,6e-allofarnesene. the fungus ...	2004	15618629
thiobutacin, a novel antifungal and antioomycete antibiotic from lechevalieria aerocolonigenes.	a novel butanoic acid, thiobutacin (1), 4-(2-aminophenyl)-4-oxo-2-methylthiobutanoic acid (c11h13no3s), was isolated from the culture broth of a soil actinomycete, lechevalieria aerocolonigenes strain vk-a9. the structure of thiobutacin (1) was elucidated on the basis of the extensive 2d nmr spectral data including 1h-1h cosy, hmbc, hmqc, roesy, and noesy. thiobutacin (1) showed antioomycete and antifungal activity against phytopathogenic phytophthora capsici and botrytis cinerea and the yeast s ...	2004	15620255
fungal spores in the atmosphere of rzeszów (south-east poland).	continuous aerobiological monitoring has been conducted in rzeszów from 2000-2002, using the volumetric method. on each microscope slide 1 horizontal band was analyzed, divided into 24 fields corresponding to hours. for the analysis, 10 easy to identify fungal spores were chosen from ones regarded as allergenic: alternaria, botrytis, cladosporium, drechslera (type), epiccocum, ganoderma, pithomyces, polythrincium, stemphylium, and torula. the results were statistically tested using the chi2 test ...	2004	15627338
atmospheric concentrations of cladosporium spp. and alternaria spp. spores in zagreb (croatia) and effects of some meteorological factors.	the aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between meteorological conditions and alternaria and cladosporium spore concentrations in the air of zagreb in august 2002 and august 2003. these months were chosen because they represented climatic extremes. a 7-day vpps 2000 hirst volumetric pollen and spore trap was used for spore sampling. spores marked as 'others' (ascospores, basidiospores, epicoccum, ustilago, pithomyces, helminthosporium, stemphylium, torula, botrytis, didymella) were ...	2004	15627341
yeasts as biological agents to control botrytis cinerea.	yeasts, isolated from different sources, were identified and tested for inhibition using yma-mb plates seeded with botrytis cinerea strains. a total of 42 yeast strains of 20 different species were tested in vitro for antagonism against 18 pathogenic b. cinerea strains. pichia membranifaciens, p. anomala and debaryomyces hansenii displayed the most important inhibitory effect against botrytis strains. in small-scale trials, post-harvest application of p. membranifaciens cyc 1106 to apple wounds ...	2004	15646379
chitosan improves development, and protects vitis vinifera l. against botrytis cinerea.	we evaluated the potential of chitosan both to stimulate plant development and to induce protection from botrytis cinerea in vitis vinifera l. plantlets. the presence of 1.75% (v/v) chitogel in the culture medium was the optimal concentration for in vitro grapevine plantlet growth, as determined by measurements on enhancement of root and shoot biomass. photosynthesis and related parameters were also stimulated in chitogel-treated plantlets. chitogel reduced the development of botrytis cinerea an ...	2004	14595516
functional analysis of h(2)o(2)-generating systems in botrytis cinerea: the major cu-zn-superoxide dismutase (bcsod1) contributes to virulence on french bean, whereas a glucose oxidase (bcgod1) is dispensable.	summary the oxidative burst, a transient and rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ros), is a widespread defence mechanism of higher plants against pathogen attack. there is increasing evidence that the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea itself generates ros, and that this capability could contribute to the virulence of the fungus. two potential h(2)o(2)-generating systems were studied with respect to their impact on the interaction of b. cinerea and its host plant phaseolus ...	2004	20565578
the jasmonate-insensitive mutant jin1 shows increased resistance to biotrophic as well as necrotrophic pathogens.	summary jasmonic acid and related oxylipin compounds are plant signalling molecules that are involved in the response to pathogens, insects, wounding and ozone. to explore further the role of jasmonates in stress signal transduction, the response of two jasmonate-signalling mutants, jin1 and jin4, to pathogens and ozone was analysed in this study. upon treatment with the biotrophic bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae, endogenous jasmonate levels increased in jin1 and jin4 similar to wild-typ ...	2004	20565618
induction of programmed cell death in lily by the fungal pathogen botrytis elliptica.	summary the genus botrytis contains necrotrophic plant pathogens that have a wide host range (b. cinerea) or are specialized on a single host species, e.g. b. elliptica on lily. in this study, it was found that b. elliptica-induced cell death of lily displays hallmark features of animal programmed cell death or apoptosis including cytoplasmic shrinkage, nuclear dna fragmentation and the accumulation of no as well as h(2)o(2). a pharmacological approach showed that b. elliptica-induced cell death ...	2004	20565630
a constitutive pr-1::luciferase expression screen identifies arabidopsis mutants with differential disease resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens.	summary a complex signal transduction network involving salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and ethylene underlies disease resistance in arabidopsis. to understand this defence signalling network further, we identified mutants that expressed the marker gene pr-1::luciferase in the absence of pathogen infection. these cir mutants all display constitutive expression of a suite of defence-related genes but exhibit different disease resistance profiles to two biotrophic pathogens, pseudomonas syringae pv. ...	2005	20565636
evaluation of tolerance to pierce's disease and botrytis in transgenic plants of vitis vinifera l. expressing the pear pgip gene.	summary polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (pgips) are plant cell-wall proteins that specifically inhibit fungal endo-polygalacturonases (pgs) that contribute to the aggressive decomposition of susceptible plant tissues. the inhibition of fungal pgs by pgips suggests that pgips have a role in plant tolerance to fungal infections and this has been observed in transgenic plants expressing pgips. xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of pierce's disease (pd) in grapevines, has genes that encode c ...	2005	20565637
determinants of pseudomonas putida wcs358 involved in inducing systemic resistance in plants.	summary pseudomonas putida wcs358 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium originally isolated from the rhizosphere of potato. it can suppress soil-borne plant diseases by siderophore-mediated competition for iron, but it has also been reported to result in induced systemic resistance (isr) in arabidopsis thaliana. bacterial determinants of this strain involved in inducing systemic resistance in arabidopsis were investigated using a tn5 transposon mutant defective in biosynthesis of the fluore ...	2005	20565648
a novel seven-helix transmembrane protein btp1 of botrytis cinerea controls the expression of gst-encoding genes, but is not essential for pathogenicity.	summary to gain new insights into the signalling mechanisms of the grey mould botrytis cinerea, which causes several pre- and post-harvest diseases on a variety of host plants, we cloned, sequenced and functionally characterized a gene, btp1, encoding a novel 391-amino acid transmembrane protein. the protein btp1 shows similarity to the transmembrane protein pth11, which is essential for appressorium formation and successful colonization of plant tissue in the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grise ...	2005	20565654
molecular and functional characterization of a secreted lipase from botrytis cinerea.	summary a previous study has indicated that a cutinolytic lipase from botrytis cinerea was required for penetration of an intact plant host cuticle and infection (comménil et al., 1998, physiol. mol. plant pathol. 52, 1-14). in order to clarify the role of this lipase, the corresponding gene (lip1) was cloned. in vitro, the lip1-encoded lipase was inducibly expressed and subject to catabolite repression. on the leaf surface, the cuticle served as an inducer. lip1 knock-out mutants lacked lipase ...	2005	20565655
functional analysis of botrytis cinerea pectin methylesterase genes by pcr-based targeted mutagenesis: bcpme1 and bcpme2 are dispensable for virulence of strain b05.10.	summary botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that produces an array of enzymes capable of attacking the plant cell wall components. we have previously shown that growth of the fungus in planta is accompanied by the degradation of pectin and that endopolygalacturonase (bcpg) genes are expressed during infection of different plant tissues. it was assumed that pectin demethylation by pectin methylesterases (pme) was essential for the subsequent depolymerization by bcpgs to occur efficiently. ...	2005	20565686
first report of a novel plant lysozyme with both antifungal and antibacterial activities.	a novel lysozyme exhibiting antifungal activity and with a molecular mass of 14.4kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds using a procedure that involved aqueous extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex, and high-performance liquid chromatography on poros hs-20. its n-terminal sequence was very different from that of hen egg white lysozyme. its pi was estimated to be above 9.7. the specific act ...	2005	15649419
identification of pathogen-responsive regions in the promoter of a pepper lipid transfer protein gene (caltpi) and the enhanced resistance of the caltpi transgenic arabidopsis against pathogen and environmental stresses.	the 5' flanking region of the caltpi gene, which encodes a basic lipid transfer protein, was isolated and characterized from the genomic dna of capsicum annuum. four different regions of the promoter sequence of the caltpi gene were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (gus) coding region. in an agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay, the transcriptional activations of the promoter deletions were examined in tobacco leaves after infection with pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, and treatment ...	2005	15654638
expression of an alpha-1,3-glucanase during mycoparasitic interaction of trichoderma asperellum.	trichoderma species have been investigated as biological control agents for over 70 years owing to their ability to antagonize plant pathogenic fungi. mycoparasitism, one of the main mechanisms involved in the antagonistic activity of trichoderma strains, depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. the antifungal activity of an alpha-1,3-glucanase (ec 3.2.1.59, enzymes able to degrade alpha-1,3-glucans and also named mutanases) has been ...	2005	15654887
quantification of allele-specific expression of a gene encoding strawberry polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) using pyrosequencing.	recent studies indicate that allele-specific differences in gene expression are a common phenomenon. the extent to which differential allelic expression exists might be underestimated, due to the limited accuracy of the methods used so far. to demonstrate allele-specific expression, we investigated the transcript abundance of six individual, highly homologous alleles of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein gene (fapgip) from octoploid strawberry (fragaria x ananassa). we applied the highly qua ...	2005	15659106
antifungal activity of limonoids from khaya ivorensis.	chemical investigation of the diethyl ether extract of the stem bark of khaya ivorensis a chev (meliaceae) afforded ten limonoids of angolensates, ring d-opened limonoids and mexicanolides. the structures of the limonoids isolated were determined by comparison of their (1)h and (13)c nmr data with those reported in the literature. these compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea pers. methyl 6-hydroxyangolensate and 3,7-dideacetylk ...	2005	15619711
development of real-time pcr using minor groove binding probe to monitor the biological control agent candida oleophila (strain o).	a real-time pcr assay using a 3'-minor groove binding (mgb) probe was developed for specific detection and monitoring of candida oleophila (strain o), a biocontrol agent against botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum, on harvested apples. the application of the rapd technique on c. oleophila strains followed by reproducible sequence characterized amplified region (scar) amplifications allowed the identification of a semi-specific fragment of 244 bp, observed in the profiles of strain o and th ...	2005	15567227
[some properties of bacillus subtilis strains active against rotting agents on strawberries and fruit].	this work was aimed at the study of biological and genetic peculiarities of the strains bacillus subtilis 2/10 and 63z which were selected for protection of strawberries from botrytis fructigena and for apples under storage. the obtained strains were shown to possess a broad spectrum of antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and this activity was manifested at low temperatures specific for the agriculture production storage. these cultures were not toxigenic or pathogen ...	2005	15765880
malignant mimickers: chronic bacterial and fungal infections of the larynx.	chronic infections of the larynx are notorious "copycats" of squamous cell carcinoma. patients typically present with a historical picture and symptoms identical to those seen in a neoplastic setting: dyspnea, hoarseness, odynophagia, weight loss, and a history of tobacco and alcohol abuse. historically, these patients were subject to an extensive resection for what was in reality a benign disease. a better understanding and awareness of these conditions has reinforced the need for a direct lary ...	2005	15766861
synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas.	a series of 2-oxocycloalkylsulfonylureas (2) have been synthesized in a six-step, three-pot reaction sequence from readily available cyclododecanone, cycloheptanone, and cyclohexanone. their structures were confirmed by ir, 1h nmr, and elemental analysis. the bioassay indicated that some of them possess certain fungicidal activity against gibberella zeae petch. in general, compounds containing a 12-membered ring (2a) are more active than those containing a 6- or 7-membered ring (2b, 2c). in the ...	2005	15769157
favolon b, a new triterpenoid isolated from the chilean mycena sp. strain 96180.	a new biologically active triterpenoid, favolon b (1), was isolated from fermentation broths of mycena sp. strain 96180. favolon b showed antifungal activities towards botrytis cinerea, mucor miehei, paecilomyces variotii and penicillium notatum. no activities were observed against bacteria and yeasts. the structure of favolon b was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques.	2005	15813182
the use of wavelength-selective plastic cladding materials in horticulture: understanding of crop and fungal responses through the assessment of biological spectral weighting functions.	plant responses to light spectral quality can be exploited to deliver a range of agronomically desirable end points in protected crops. this can be achieved using plastics with specific spectral properties as crop covers. we have studied the responses of a range of crops to plastics that have either (a) increased transmission of uv compared with standard horticultural covers, (b) decreased transmission of uv or (c) increased the ratio of red (r) : far-red (fr) radiation. both the uv-transparent ...	2005	15819600
arabidopsis ssi2-conferred susceptibility to botrytis cinerea is dependent on eds5 and pad4.	loss of a stearoyl-acp desaturase activity in the arabidopsis thaliana ssi2 mutant confers susceptibility to the necrotroph, botrytis cinerea. in contrast, the ssi2 mutant exhibits enhanced resistance to pseudomonas syringae, peronospora parasitica, and cucumber mosaic virus. the altered basal resistance to these pathogens in the ssi2 mutant plant is accompanied by the constitutive accumulation of elevated salicylic acid (sa) level and expression of the pathogenesis-related 1 (pr1) gene, the ina ...	2005	15828688
spoilage of vegetable crops by bacteria and fungi and related health hazards.	after harvest, vegetables are often spoiled by a wide variety of microorganisms including many bacterial and fungal species. the most common bacterial agents are erwinia carotovora, pseudomonas spp., corynebacterium, xanthomonas campestris, and lactic acid bacteria with e. carotovora being the most common, attacking virtually every vegetable type. fungi commonly causing spoilage of fresh vegetables are botrytis cinerea, various species of the genera alternaria, aspergillus, cladosporium, colleto ...	2005	15839403
[identification of pcr markers associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in brassica oleracea var botrytis].	the homology-based candidate gene method was used to identified the specific pcr markers linked to cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) in cauliflower( brassica oleracea var botrytis.). searching the dna and protein data-base of ncbi , correlative genes or open reading frames were identified . analysis of biosoft, based on the conservative regions ,five primers were designed . among them, only primer p9/p10 produced a 313- bp specific fragment. identified by individual plant testing , analysis of rt ...	2005	15843352
fungal pathogen-induced changes in the antioxidant systems of leaf peroxisomes from infected tomato plants.	peroxisomes, being one of the main organelles where reactive oxygen species (ros) are both generated and detoxified, have been suggested to be instrumental in redox-mediated plant cell defence against oxidative stress. we studied the involvement of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) leaf peroxisomes in defence response to oxidative stress generated upon botrytis cinerea pers. infection. the peroxisomal antioxidant potential expressed as superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1), catalase (cat, ...	2005	15843961
isolation and antifungal activity of kakuol, a propiophenone derivative from asarum sieboldii rhizome.	an antifungal substance active against colletotrichum orbiculare (berk & mont) arx was isolated from the methanol extracts of asarum sieboldii (miq) maek rhizomes. high-resolution ms, nmr and uv spectral data confirmed that the antifungal substance is kakuol, 2-hydroxy-4,5-methylenedioxypropiophenone. colletotrichum orbiculare was most sensitive to kakuol, with mic of 10 microg ml(-1). kakuol also completely inhibited the mycelial growth of botrytis cinerea pers ex fr and cladosporium cucumerinu ...	2005	15846774
proteomic response of the biological control fungus trichoderma atroviride to growth on the cell walls of rhizoctonia solani.	trichoderma atroviride has a natural ability to parasitise phytopathogenic fungi such as rhizoctonia solani and botrytis cinerea, therefore providing an environmentally sound alternative to chemical fungicides in the management of these pathogens. two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to display cellular protein patterns of t. atroviride (t. harzianum p1) grown on media containing either glucose or r. solani cell walls. protein profiles were compared to identify t. atroviride proteins up-regu ...	2005	15856359
antifungal properties of surangin b, a coumarin from mammea longifolia.	the natural product electron transport inhibitor surangin b was examined for its ability to inhibit in vitro mycelial growth and spore germination in several species of fungi. as an inhibitor of mycelial growth, surangin b showed strongest activity against rhizoctonia solani (ic50 = 3.8 microm) and botrytis cinerea (ic50 = 11.2 microm). inhibitory effects were less pronounced in alternaria dauci, fusarium oxysporum and penicillium sp. (ic50 values > 30 microm) and absent in trichoderma harzianum ...	2005	15856416
mycotoxin-producing and other fungi isolated from grapes for wine production, with particular emphasis on ochratoxin a.	mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that have been detected in food commodities, including grapes and wine. a survey was conducted to assess mycotoxin-producing fungi in grapes destined for wine production. the mycotoxigenic capacity of the isolates was tested in culture media. grapes were analyzed by plating methods from 4 portuguese wine-growing regions at 3 maturation stages (pea berry, early veraison and ripe berry) between 2001 and 2003. from the 10,602 ...	2005	15862450
phaseococcin, an antifungal protein with antiproliferative and anti-hiv-1 reverse transcriptase activities from small scarlet runner beans.	from the seeds of small scarlet runner beans (phaseolus coccineus 'minor'), an antifungal protein with an n-terminal sequence homologous to those of defensins was isolated. the antifungal protein bound to affi-gel blue gel and mono s but it did not bind to deae-cellulose. it was further purified by gel filtration on a superdex peptide column. it exhibited a molecular mass of 5422 da as determined by mass spectrometry. the protein, designated as phaseococcin, suppressed mycelial growth in a numbe ...	2005	15864329
chemical characterization and antifungal activity of essential oil of capitula from wild indian tagetes patula l.	the essential oil extracted by steam distillation from the capitula of indian tagetes patula, asteraceae, was evaluated for its antifungal properties and analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. thirty compounds were identified, representing 89.1% of the total detected. the main components were piperitone (24.74%), piperitenone (22.93%), terpinolene (7.8%), dihydro tagetone (4.91%), cis-tagetone (4.62%), limonene (4.52%), and allo-ocimene (3.66%). the oil exerted ...	2005	15868213
volatile c6-aldehydes and allo-ocimene activate defense genes and induce resistance against botrytis cinerea in arabidopsis thaliana.	green leafy volatiles or isoprenoids are produced after mechanical wounding or pathogen/herbivore attacks in higher plants. we monitored expression profiles of the genes involved in defense responses upon exposing arabidopsis thaliana to the volatiles. among the genes investigated, those known to be induced by mechanical wounding and/or jasmonate application, such as chalcone synthase (chs), caffeic acid-o-methyltransferase (comt), diacylglycerol kinase1 (dgk1), glutathione-s-transferase1 (gst1) ...	2005	15879447
physicochemical properties and bioactivity of fungal chitin and chitosan.	chitinous material was extracted from mycelia of aspergillus niger and mucor rouxii grown in yeast peptone dextrose broth for 15 and 21 days, respectively. the extracted material was characterized for purity, degree of acetylation, and crystallinity and tested for antibacterial and eliciting properties. the maximum glucosamine level determined in the mycelium of a. niger was 11.10% dw and in the mycelium of m. rouxii was 20.13% dw. on the basis of the stepwise extraction of freeze-dried mycelia, ...	2005	15884813
antagonistic activity of a natural fungal population towards pathogenic bacteria. an in vitro study.	in the present work, we performed in vitro testing of 33 species of fungi of the subdivision deuteromycotina isolated from water and sediment of the kolubara river for antagonistic action towards 11 species of pathogenic bacteria. of gram-negative bacteria, the species most sensitive to metabolic fluid of the fungi were proteus mirabilis, salmonella enteritidis, and shigella sonnei, while the most resistant were klebsiella pneumoniae and salmonella typhimurium. of gram-positive bacteria, the mos ...	2005	15889346
vulgarinin, a broad-spectrum antifungal peptide from haricot beans (phaseolus vulgaris).	from the seeds of haricot beans (phaseolus vulgaris), an antifungal peptide with a molecular mass around 7 kda was purified by using a simple protocol consisting of affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel and gel filtration on superdex 75. this peptide named vulgarinin manifested an antifungal activity toward fungal species such as fusarium oxysporum, mycosphaerella arachidicola, physalospora piricola and botrytis cinerea, and an antibacterial action on mycobacterium phlei, bacillus megater ...	2005	15896669
the strawberry gene cyf1 encodes a phytocystatin with antifungal properties.	an est, encoding a strawberry phytocystatin (phycys) obtained from a developing fruit of fragariaxananassa cv. elsanta has been characterized. the corresponding gene (cyf1) had three introns interrupting its orf that codes for a protein (facpi-1) of 235 amino acid residues with a putative signal peptide of 29 residues and an estimated molecular mass for the mature protein of 23.1 kda. this protein contains, besides a c-terminal extension, several motifs conserved in all members of the phycys sup ...	2005	15897228
n-benzoyl-n'-dialkylthiourea derivatives and their co(iii) complexes: structure, and antifungal.	n-(morpholinothiocarbonyl) benzamide (c(12)h(14)n(2)o(2)s) and n-(piperidylthiocarbonyl) benzamide (c(13)h(16)n(2)os) and their co(iii) complexes have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ftir and nmr methods. the complex co(c(12)h(14)n(2)o(2)s)(3), crystallizes in the triclinic space group p1, with z=2, and unit cell parameters, a=12.080(7)a, b=12.195(7)a, c=13.025(6)a, alpha=90.198(7) degrees, beta=95.721(7) degrees, gamma=106.426(9) degrees, v=1830.4(17)a(3). the antifung ...	2005	15917085
nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide in tomato resistance. nitric oxide modulates hydrogen peroxide level in o-hydroxyethylorutin-induced resistance to botrytis cinerea in tomato.	nitric oxide (no) has been postulated to be required, together with reactive oxygen species (ros), for activation of disease resistance reactions of plants to infection with a pathogen or elicitor treatment. however, biochemical mechanisms by which ros and no participate in these reactions are still under intensive study and controversial debate. we previously demonstrated that o-hydroxyethylorutin when applied on tomato leaves (lycopersicon esculentum mill. cv. "perkoz") restricted botrytis cin ...	2005	15922611
an arabidopsis homeodomain transcription factor, overexpressor of cationic peroxidase 3, mediates resistance to infection by necrotrophic pathogens.	the mechanisms controlling plant resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens are poorly understood. we previously reported on ep5c, a gene shown to be induced by the h(2)o(2) generated during a plant-pathogen interaction. to identify novel plant components operating in pathogen-induced signaling cascades, we initiated a large-scale screen using arabidopsis thaliana plants carrying the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene under control of the h(2)o(2)-responsive ep5c promoter. here, we report the ide ...	2005	15923348
microbial contamination of cell cultures: a 2 years study.	cell line contamination is a major drawback of main cell banks of the world and it has cost of losing important biological products or valuable research. the causative agents are different chemicals, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, parasites, viral species and even other cell lines. in this retrospective study, cell lines from various species such as human, fish, insect, animals either offered or accessed through usual official accession in cgbri were studied during 2 years (2002-2004) to detect ...	2005	15939285
sesquin, a potent defensin-like antimicrobial peptide from ground beans with inhibitory activities toward tumor cells and hiv-1 reverse transcriptase.	an antifungal peptide with a molecular mass around 7 kda and an n-terminal sequence highly homologous to defensin was isolated from ground beans (vigna sesquipedalis cv. 'ground bean'). the peptide was adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel and on mono s. it exerted an antifungal action on botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and mycosphaerella arachidicola; and an antibacterial action on escherichia coli b, proteus vulgaris, mycobacterium phlei and bacillus megaterium. the antimicrobial activity was inh ...	2005	15949629
molecular and functional characterization of a fructose specific transporter from the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea.	in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea, spore germination and plant infection are stimulated in the presence of nutrients, in particular sugars. applied at micromolar concentrations, fructose is a more potent inducer of germination than glucose. to test whether preferred fructose uptake is responsible for this effect, and to study the mechanism of fructose transport in b. cinerea, a gene (frt1) encoding a fructose transporter was cloned. frt1 is highly similar to recently identified fructose t ...	2005	15950157
a novel homodimeric lectin from astragalus mongholicus with antifungal activity.	a novel lectin (amml) was isolated from a chinese herb, i.e., the roots of astragalus mongholicus, using a combination of ammonium sulfate fraction and ion exchange chromatographies. the molecular mass of intact amml was determined to be 66,396 da by maldi-tof mass spectrometry and 61.8 kda by gel filtration, respectively. amml was a dimeric protein composed of two identical subunits each with a molecular mass of 29.6 kda. the lectin was a glycoprotein with a neutral carbohydrate content of 19.6 ...	2005	16140255
pulmonary botryomycosis: a difficult diagnosis in the preoperative patient.		2005	16153967
improvement of table grapes quality and safety by the combination of modified atmosphere packaging (map) and eugenol, menthol, or thymol.	table grape is a nonclimacteric fruit that shows a rapid loss of quality during storage and is very susceptible to colonization by fungi, especially botrytis cinerea, which is considered the most important disease of this commodity. to solve this problem, synthetic fungicides have been used, although legal restrictions and consumer's concern demand the search of other safe means. in the present paper, and as an alternative of synthetic fungicides, an active packaging to improve map effectiveness ...	2005	16159173
secondary metabolites influence arabidopsis/botrytis interactions: variation in host production and pathogen sensitivity.	numerous studies have suggested that plant/pathogen interactions are partially mediated via plant secondary metabolite production and corresponding pathogen tolerance. however, there are inconsistent reports on the ability of particular compounds to provide resistance to a pathogen. most of these studies have focused on individual isolates of a given pathogen, suggesting that pathogens vary in their sensitivity to plant-produced toxins. we tested variability in virulence among pathogen isolates, ...	2005	16167893
anaphylaxis caused by cauliflower.	cauliflower is a vegetable belonging to the family cruciferae, genus brassica, var. botrytis.	2005	16047720
[cloning of acc oxidase gene and inhibition of endogenous gene expression with rnai in cauliflower].	a fragment of 1202 bp of the candidate aco gene was amplified from the cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis) genome using the degenerated primers which were designed according to the consensus sequence of aco amino acids among various plant species. the result of blast showed the sequence presented a very high match with the aco genes from other plants; the homologue was from 83% to 99%. three exons and two introns were identified in this sequence. the spliced length of mrna was 756 nt a ...	2005	16078747
guard cells: transcription factors regulate stomatal movements.	recent work shows that transcription factors are necessary for stomatal movements in plants. different members of the plant-specific r2r3-myb transcription factor family are required for mediating stomatal opening in response to light and stomatal closure in response to darkness.	2005	16085479
origin of (-)-geosmin on grapes: on the complementary action of two fungi, botrytis cinerea and penicillium expansum.	one of the consequences of rot on grapes is the development of volatile compounds giving fungal, mouldy or earthy odours. among these compounds, (-)-geosmin (trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol), a powerful aromatic compound with an earthy smell is a persistent defect in grape juice and wines made with at least partially rotten grapes. a microbiota analysis of rotten grapes containing (-)-geosmin was carried out on sites from four french regions from 1999 to 2002, to clarify the involvement in g ...	2005	16096689
screening study of lead compounds for natural product-based fungicides: antifungal activity and biotransformation of 6alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-beta-himachalene by botrytis cinerea.	eleven beta-himachalene derivatives were tested, using the poisoning food technique, for their potential antifungal activity against the phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. compounds 1-11 displayed moderate activity, whereas the 6,7-diol derivative (12) produced an inhibition of 91% after 6 days. the microbial transformation of 12 was investigated and yielded four new compounds hydroxylated at positions c-5 (13), c-2 (14), c-4 (15), and c-12 (16). the structures were established on the basis of thei ...	2005	16104783
sclerotinia sclerotiorum: when "to be or not to be" a pathogen?	sclerotinia sclerotiorum is unusual among necrotrophic pathogens in its requirement for senescent tissues to establish an infection and to complete the life cycle. a model for the infection process has emerged whereby the pathogenic phase is bounded by saprophytic phases; the distinction being that the dead tissues in the latter are generated by the actions of the pathogen. initial colonization of dead tissue provides nutrients for pathogen establishment and resources to infect healthy plant tis ...	2005	16112822
interactions between the mycoparasite pythium oligandrum and two types of sclerotia of plant-pathogenic fungi.	the interactions between pythium oligandrum hyphae and two types of sclerotia, i.e. the plano-convexoid sclerotium of botrytis cinerea and the tuberoid sclerotium of sclerotinia minor, were investigated by ultrastructural and cytochemical experiments. in the mycoparasitism of p. oligandrum, some differences in relation to sclerotium anatomy and the role of the rind layer in preventing invasion are documented. both types of sclerotia showed neither alterations of the heavily melanised rind walls, ...	2005	16121563
an antifungal protein from ginger rhizomes.	there are very few reports on antifungal proteins from rhizomes and there is none from the family of zingiberaceae. an antifungal protein with a novel n-terminal sequence was isolated from ginger rhizomes utilizing a protocol that involved ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, and fast protein liquid chromatography on superdex 75. the protein was unadsorbed on deae-cellulose and adsorbed on affi-gel blue gel. it exhibited an apparent molecul ...	2005	16125680
an antimicrobial peptide ar-amp from amaranth (amaranthus retroflexus l.) seeds.	a 30-residue antimicrobial peptide ar-amp was isolated from the seeds of amaranth amaranthus retroflexus l. essentially by a single step procedure using reversed-phase hplc, and its in vitro biological activities were studied. the complete amino acid sequence of ar-amp was determined by edman degradation in combination with mass spectrometric methods. in addition, the cdna encoding ar-amp was obtained and sequenced. the cdna encodes a precursor protein consisting of the n-terminal putative signa ...	2005	16126239
nppdr1, a pleiotropic drug resistance-type atp-binding cassette transporter from nicotiana plumbaginifolia, plays a major role in plant pathogen defense.	nicotiana plumbaginifolia nppdr1, a plasma membrane pleiotropic drug resistance-type atp-binding cassette transporter formerly named npabc1, has been suggested to transport the diterpene sclareol, an antifungal compound. however, direct evidence for a role of pleiotropic drug resistance transporters in the plant defense is still lacking. in situ immunolocalization and histochemical analysis using the gusa reporter gene showed that nppdr1 was constitutively expressed in the whole root, in the lea ...	2005	16126865
biotransformation of 6,7-epoxygeraniol by fungi.	the biotransformation of 6,7-epoxygeraniol by resting cells of selected fungi was investigated. the main product obtained from the transformation in rhodotorula glutinis and r. marina cultures was 6,7-epoxynerol (5-48% of chloroform extracts), whereas saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida parapsilosis and c. kefyr reduced this substrate to 6,7-epoxycitronellol (30-33% of chloroform extracts). cultures of yarrowia lipolytica, botrytis cinerea and s. cerevisiae promoted the cyclisation of 6,7-epoxyger ...	2005	16133341
identification of an antifungal chitinase from a potential biocontrol agent, bacillus cereus 28-9.	bacillus cereus 28-9 is a chitinolytic bacterium isolated from lily plant in taiwan. this bacterium exhibited biocontrol potential on botrytis leaf blight of lily as demonstrated by a detached leaf assay and dual culture assay. at least two chitinases (chicw and chich) were excreted by b. cereus 28-9. the chicw-encoding gene was cloned and moderately expressed in escherichia coli dh5alpha. near homogenous chicw was obtained from the periplasmic fraction of e. coli cells harboring chicw by a puri ...	2005	15715951
signal transduction by tga3, a novel g protein alpha subunit of trichoderma atroviride.	trichoderma species are used commercially as biocontrol agents against a number of phytopathogenic fungi due to their mycoparasitic characterisitics. the mycoparasitic response is induced when trichoderma specifically recognizes the presence of the host fungus and transduces the host-derived signals to their respective regulatory targets. we made deletion mutants of the tga3 gene of trichoderma atroviride, which encodes a novel g protein alpha subunit that belongs to subgroup iii of fungal galph ...	2005	15746364
a novel pentacyclic triterpene from leontodon filii.	a novel oleanene triterpenetetrol was isolated from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of leontodon filii. its structure was shown to be 2beta,3beta,15alpha,21beta-olean-12-ene-2,3,15,21-tetrol by chemical and spectroscopic methods. the fungicidal efficacy of the chloroform and methanol extracts of the plant was also evaluated, a protective effect being found against plasmopara viticola, botrytis cinerea, particularly powerful against pyricularia oryzae.	2005	15752627
compartment-specific role of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the response of tomato leaf cells to botrytis cinerea infection.	changes in aa-gsh cycle activity following botrytis cinerea infection were studied in tomato whole-leaf extracts as well as in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. the oxidative effect of infection affected all cellular compartments although mitochondria and peroxisomes underwent the most pronounced changes. apart from organelle-specific variations, a general shift of the cellular redox balance towards the oxidative state was found. it was manifested by the significant decline in concent ...	2005	15668222
seed-borne fungi and ochratoxin a contamination of dry beans (phaseolus vulgaris l.) in the republic of croatia.	the study was designed to identify seed-borne fungi on bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) crops grown in 13 counties of the republic of croatia and their association with ochratoxin a (ota) production. bean samples (n=45) were collected in croatia in 2001 shortly after the harvest and were stored at -20 degrees c for mycological and mycotoxin analyses. the most common fungi isolated were cladosporium spp. (98%) alternaria spp. (75%), aspergillus spp. (73%), rhizopus spp. (73%), penicillium spp. (69%), ...	2005	15680678
ups1, an arabidopsis thaliana camalexin accumulation mutant defective in multiple defence signalling pathways.	we report the characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana mutant, ups1, isolated on the basis of reduced expression of phosphoribosylanthranilate transferase, a tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme. ups1 also exhibits defects in a wide range of defence responses. after infection with pseudomonas syringae or botrytis cinerea, the expression of genes regulated by both the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ethylene pathways is reduced in ups1 compared with wild type. camalexin accumulation in ups1 is grea ...	2005	15703055
determination of pathogen-related enzyme action by mass spectrometry analysis of pectin breakdown products of plant cell walls.	an analytical approach using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the structural characterization and assessment of the degree of polymerization of cell wall pectin-derived oligosaccharides (pdos) in three regions of botrytis cinerea-infected tomato fruit tissue is described. the pdos were isolated from lesion centers (extensively macerated tissue), the area just beyond visible lesion margins, and healthy and intact tissue of an inoculated fruit, sampled at a distanc ...	2005	15707937
evaluation of thin films of agarose on glass for hybridization of dna to identify plant pathogens with microarray technology.	agarose-coated glass slides, after activation, were spotted with amine-modified oligonucleotide probes using a manual eight-pin arraying device. two probes, designed to identify two common greenhouse fungal plant pathogens, didymella bryoniae and botrytis cinerea, were hybridized with polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified fluorescently labeled dna extracted from pure culture and from diseased plant tissue. the probes easily distinguished these pathogens from each other without cross reaction ...	2005	15958185
evidence for viable but nonculturable yeasts in botrytis-affected wine.	in botrytis-affected wine, high concentrations of so2 are added to stop the alcoholic fermentation and to stabilize the wine. during maturing in barrels or bottle-ageing, an unwanted refermentation can sometimes occur. however, results of the usual plate count of wine samples at the beginning of maturing suggest wine microbial stability. the aim of this study was to investigate the mode of yeasts survival after the addition of so2 and to identify surviving yeasts.	2005	15960668
the g protein alpha subunit tga1 of trichoderma atroviride is involved in chitinase formation and differential production of antifungal metabolites.	trichoderma mycoparasitism includes recognition, attack, overgrowth and lysis of the host fungus accompanied by morphological changes and secretion of hydrolytic enzymes and antibiotics. studying the underlying signal transduction pathways, the tga1 gene encoding a galpha subunit of trichoderma atroviride p1 was analysed. a deltatga1 mutant showed continuous sporulation and elevated internal steady-state camp levels. tga1 gene deletion resulted in a complete loss of mycoparasitic overgrowth and ...	2005	15964222
isolation of an n-alkylated benzylamine derivative from pseudomonas putida btp1 as elicitor of induced systemic resistance in bean.	root treatment of phaseolus vulgaris with the nonpathogenic pseudomonas putida btp1 led to significant reduction of the disease caused by the pathogen botrytis cinerea on leaves. the molecular determinant of p. putida btp1 mainly responsible for the induced systemic resistance (isr) was isolated from cell-free culture fluid after growth of the strain in the iron-poor casamino acid medium. mass spectrometry analyses performed on both the bacterial product and synthetic analogues revealed a polyal ...	2005	15986926
functional analysis of the cytochrome p450 monooxygenase gene bcbot1 of botrytis cinerea indicates that botrydial is a strain-specific virulence factor.	the micrographic phytopathogen botrytis cinerea causes gray mold diseases in a large number of dicotyledonous crop plants and ornamentals. colonization of host tissue is accompanied by rapid killing of plant cells ahead of the growing hyphen, probably caused by secretion of nonspecific phytotoxins, e.g., the sesquiterpene botrydial. although all pathogenic strains tested so far had been shown to secrete botrydial and although the toxin causes comparable necrotic lesions as infection by the fungu ...	2005	15986930