Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| autofluorescence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum cysts in vitro. | autofluorescence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum was studied by fluorescence microscopy during their differentiation from tachyzoites to bradyzoites in vitro using vero as host cells. stage conversion into bradyzoites and cysts was confirmed by immunofluorescent microscopy and western blot analysis using sag1- and bag1-specific antibody, respectively. from day 4 postinfection (pi), pale blue autofluorescence of the bradyzoites and tissue cysts was observed with uv light at 330-385 nm, ... | 2005 | 15856866 |
| toltrazuril treatment to control diaplacental neospora caninum transmission in experimentally infected pregnant mice. | we addressed the question whether diaplacental transmission of neospora caninum can be controlled by metaphylactic chemotherapy using toltrazuril or enrofloxacin. female c57/bl6 mice, infected on day 10 of pregnancy, were medicated for 6 consecutive days p.i. with 52.5 mg toltrazuril or - as an out-group control medication--16.7 mg enrofloxacin per kg body weight per day. other control groups received either infection but no medication or vice versa. toltrazuril treatment significantly reduced p ... | 2005 | 15700756 |
| immunisation of mice against neosporosis with recombinant ncsrs2 iscoms. | the coccidian parasite neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan, causing abortion in cattle in many countries around the world. in this study, the protective potential of the major n. caninum surface antigen ncsrs2, expressed in escherichia coli and formulated into immunostimulating complexes (iscoms), was investigated in an experimental mouse model. the recombinant protein was specially designed for binding to iscoms via biotin-streptavidin interaction. two groups of 10 balb/c mice were i ... | 2005 | 15817199 |
| feline cutaneous toxoplasmosis: a case report. | a 9-year-old female, domestic short hair cat was presented with sudden onset of polyuria/polydipsia, and hundreds of cutaneous nodules. prior to referral, the cat had had four skin nodules that were treated with steroids. the four skin nodules then multiplied to form more than 100 ulcerated and nonulcerated nodules located all over the trunk. clinical evaluation revealed hypothermia and respiratory distress. cytology from both skin nodules and bronchoalveolar lavage showed macrophages and small ... | 2005 | 15842545 |
| isolation of neospora caninum from naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | attempts were made to isolate neospora caninum from naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). a total of 110 deer killed during the 2003 hunting season in virginia region were used for the isolation of n. caninum. of these, brains from 28 deer that had nat titer of 1:200 were inoculated into interferon-gamma gene knock out (ko) mice. n. caninum was isolated from the tissues of three deer and all three isolates were mildly virulent to ko mice. only one of the isolates could b ... | 2005 | 15845280 |
| occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in brazilian cervids kept in captivity. | neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite that causes disease in captive and domesticated animals and has been found in wild animals such as cervids. sera from 150 cervids of the genus mazama, were collected from 31 captive herds and 16 zoos from different brazilian regions and analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody test for anti-n. caninum antibodies. positive reactions were found in 42% (63) of the samples and the titers varied from 50 to 51,200. of the 86 cervids from the captive herds, 38 ... | 2005 | 15845290 |
| detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with truncated ncsrs2 expressed in escherichia coli. | the surface antigen 1-related sequence 2 of neospora caninum (ncsrs2) is considered as an immunodominant antigen. in this study, the gene encoding truncated ncsrs2 (ncsrs2t) lacking an n-terminal signal peptide and c-terminal hydrophobic regions was expressed in escherichia coli, and its diagnostic potential in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated. elisa could discriminate clearly between known n. caninum-positive and -negative sera from cattle. field serum samples collecte ... | 2005 | 15856900 |
| development of neospora caninum cultured with human serum in vitro and in vivo. | because there has been no report of symptomatic neospora caninum infection in humans, we examined the effect of human serum on the parasite's growth in either a bovine angioendothelial cell or caco-2 cell culture in vitro and in immunocompromised mice in vivo. there was no difference in intracellular parasite numbers between cells incubated with human serum at 24 hr after challenge and those incubated with fetal bovine serum (fbs), which has no titer for the anti-n. caninum agglutination antibod ... | 2005 | 15856911 |
| gerbil model of acute neosporosis. | experimental infections with the nc-1 strain of neospora caninum were conducted in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) to determine their acute responses to experimental intraperitoneal infection. five groups of five female gerbils were used and they were intraperitoneally infected with 1x10(6), 2x10(6), 3x10(6), 4x10(6) or 5x10(6) tachyzoites. gerbils in all groups developed clinical signs of neosporosis which consisted of inactivity 4-5 days post-inoculation. morbidity and mortality were observed ... | 2005 | 15631903 |
| neospora caninum infection does not affect the fertility of dairy cows in herds with high incidence of neospora-associated abortions. | this present study, was designed to establish whether neospora caninum infection affects the fertility of high-producing dairy cows, and was based on yearly serological screening for neosporosis and on the confirmation of n. caninum infection in aborted foetuses. assessment was made of 7518 artificial inseminations (ai) (applied to parous cows) performed in three herds. of these inseminations, 2540 (33.8%) resulted in pregnancy; 34% of which corresponded to seronegative cows (2226 of 6556 ai per ... | 2005 | 15703002 |
| protective efficacy of vaccination with neospora caninum multiple recombinant antigens against experimental neospora caninum infection. | protective efficacy of vaccination with neospora caninum multiple recombinant antigens against n. caninum infection was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. two major immunodominant surface antigens (ncsag1 and ncsrs2) and two dense granule proteins (ncdg1 and ncdg2) of n. caninum tachyzoites were expressed in e. coli, respectively. an in vitro neutralization assay using polyclonal antisera raised against each recombinant antigen showed inhibitory effects on the invasion of n. caninum tachyzoites int ... | 2005 | 15793355 |
| [first documentation of a neospora-induced "abortion storm" (exogenous transplacental transmission of neospora caninum) in a swiss dairy farm]. | in a swiss dairy farm (canton of geneva) consisting of 73 animals 8 abortions were observed within 2 weeks. serological and molecular biological analyses (pcr) on aborting dams, and abortion materials, respectively, revealed that the protozoan parasite neospora caninum was the causative agent. besides the 8 aborting animals, 12 other non-aborting heifers were found to be serologically positive for this parasite. all positive sera were further tested in an avidity-elisa to elucidate the recency o ... | 2005 | 15801622 |
| relationship between rainfall and neospora caninum-associated abortion in two dairy herds in a dry environment. | the possible direct relationship between climate variations and abortion in neospora caninum-infected cows has not been studied. the objective of this study was to determine whether climate changes could be a risk factor for abortion in n. caninum-infected cows, and was based on yearly serological screening for neosporosis and on the confirmation of n. caninum infection on aborted fetuses in two high-producing dairy herds with a mean 27% seroprevalence of n. caninum antibodies. the final populat ... | 2005 | 15876229 |
| reduction in transplacental transmission of neospora caninum in outbred mice by vaccination. | infection with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle. a major source of infection is transplacental transfer of the parasite from mother to offspring during pregnancy. this study describes investigations on the immunisation of outbred qs mice before pregnancy with live or a crude lysate of n. caninum (nc-nowra isolate) to prevent transplacental transfer of a challenge infection administered during pregnancy. parasites present in the brains of pups fr ... | 2005 | 15885695 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle with reproductive disorders in japan. | serum samples from 145 dairy and 65 beef cattle with reproductive disorders and 54 normally calving dairy cattle (controls) in japan were tested for presence of neospora caninum antibodies by use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat, titer 1:200). overall, seroprevalence of n. caninum was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in dairy cattle (20.0%, 29/145) than in beef cattle (1.5%, 1/65). in cattle which aborted, seroprevalence of n. caninum was significantly higher (p = 0.041) in dairy c ... | 2005 | 15893065 |
| immune response to neospora caninum in naturally infected heifers and heifers vaccinated with inactivated antigen during the second trimester of gestation. | the objective of this study was to compare the immune response to neospora caninum in naturally infected heifers and heifers inoculated with a killed whole n. caninum tachyzoite preparation during the second trimester of gestation. nine holstein heifers were used in this study; three naturally infected heifers were born from seropositive dams, and six seronegative heifers were born from seronegative dams. four seronegative heifers were subcutaneously vaccinated with a killed whole n. caninum tac ... | 2005 | 15893067 |
| prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasmagondii and neosporacaninum in red foxes (vulpesvulpes) from around the uk. | the purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in a random sample of red foxes from around the uk. lung fluid from over 500 foxes was examined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. reciprocal titres of specific antibodies to t. gondii or n. caninum ranged from < 1:16 to 1:1024. a titre of 1:128 or greater was deemed indicative of exposure to the parasite. one hundred and eleven (20%) of the 549 foxes tested were seropositi ... | 2005 | 15893084 |
| the use of beef bull semen reduced the risk of abortion in neospora-seropositive dairy cows. | there is an evidence that the epidemiology of neosporosis differs in dairy and beef cattle, such that beef cattle carry a lower risk of abortion. the aim of the present study was to establish whether artificial insemination using semen from beef bulls could reduce the risk of abortion in dairy cows seropositive for the neospora caninum parasite. our study was based on yearly serological screening for neosporosis and on the confirmation of neospora infection in aborted fetuses in two high-produci ... | 2005 | 15752268 |
| general strategies for efficient adjuvant incorporation of recombinant subunit immunogens. | we have previously reported strategies for escherichia coli production of recombinant immunogens fused to hydrophobic peptides or lipid tags to improve their capacity to be incorporated into an adjuvant formulation, e.g., immunostimulating complexes (iscoms). recently, we also explored the strong interaction between biotin and streptavidin to achieve iscom association of recombinant immunogens. plasmodium falciparum,toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum antigens have served as model immunogens ... | 2005 | 15755622 |
| relationship between type 1/type 2 immune responses and occurrence of vertical transmission in balb/c mice infected with neospora caninum. | to examine the relationship between occurrence of vertical transmission and type 1/type 2 immune responses induced by neospora caninum infection in balb/c mice, pregnant (group 1 p) and non-pregnant mice (group 1 np) were inoculated with 2 x 10(6) of the n. caninum parasites and then we examined the vertical transmission rate and production of ifn-gamma and il-4. we also studied chronically infected mice, which were bred at 4 weeks or more after infection (group 2), and mice inoculated during pr ... | 2005 | 15817216 |
| detection of neospora caninum in the semen and blood of naturally infected bulls. | a prospective study was designed to investigate the presence of neospora caninum in semen and blood of eight bulls seropositive to n. caninum using nested-pcr procedures. positive semen and blood samples were bioassayed in a balb/c nu/nu mouse model. specific anti-n. caninum serological and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) responses were also studied. in parallel, five seronegative bulls acted as non-infected controls. all bulls were located in a collaborating ai centre and monitored for 22 weeks. s ... | 2005 | 15725454 |
| immune responses during pregnancy in heifers naturally infected with neospora caninum with and without immunization. | this study was designed to identify changes in parasite-specific immune responses that occur during vertical transmission of neospora caninum and can be used as indicators of parasite reactivation in naturally infected heifers. ten heifers were unimmunized and 11 immunized with killed tachyzoites. one unimmunized heifer, which aborted at week 19 of gestation, had an increase in parasite-specific antibodies, mainly igg(2), from week 15 to week 19 and a concomitant decline in parasite-specific cel ... | 2005 | 15841416 |
| identification of vaccine candidate peptides in the ncsrs2 surface protein of neospora caninum by using cd4+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes and gamma interferon-secreting t lymphocytes of infected holstein cattle. | previously, our laboratory showed that holstein cattle experimentally infected with neospora caninum develop parasite-specific cd4+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) that lyse infected, autologous target cells through a perforin-granzyme pathway. to identify specific parasite antigens inducing bovine ctl and helper t-lymphocyte responses for vaccine development against bovine neosporosis, the tachyzoite major surface proteins ncsag1 and ncsrs2 were targeted. in whole tachyzoite antigen-expanded bovi ... | 2005 | 15731029 |
| adaptation of a surface antigen-based elisa for the detection of antibodies against neospora caninum in bovine milk. | the aim of the present study was to determine whether an elisa based on a 38-kda surface antigen (ncsrs2) of neospora caninum tachyzoites could be used to examine bovine milk for antibodies against n. caninum. a total of 797 undiluted milk samples from n. caninum-infected herds were examined in the p38-elisa. milk results of individual animals were compared with those obtained by the same elisa for the corresponding serum samples. the linear correlation between milk and serum antibody results of ... | 2005 | 15703000 |
| risk factors associated with neospora caninum abortion in ontario holstein dairy herds. | the objective of this epidemiological study was to identify risk factors for neospora caninum-related abortions in ontario holstein dairy herds. a total of 88 herds, consisting of 5080 cattle, and utilizing dairy herd improvement (dhi) services, were divided into three groups. case (n = 30) and first control (n = 31) herds were selected from 1998 and 1999 fetal abortion submissions to the animal health laboratory, university of guelph, that were histopathologically positive or negative, respecti ... | 2005 | 15710518 |
| neospora caninum: adoptive transfer of immune lymphocytes precipitates disease in balb/c mice. | neospora caninum is a recently described apicomplexan parasite first isolated from a dog in 1988 and has subsequently been shown to infect a wide range of mammals. in mice, neospora can cause primary pneumonia, myositis, encephalitis, radiculoneuritis, and pancreatitis. whereas, certain aspects of the host immune response to toxoplasma gondii have been well studied, not as much is known about the full immune response to neospora. this paper examines whether or not immune splenocytes are able to ... | 2005 | 15916811 |
| serological status for n. caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus at pregnancy testing and reproductive performance in beef herds. | neospora caninum, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are important differentials for the diagnosis of infectious reproductive loss in beef herds. the objective of this study was to describe the serological status of both pregnant and non-pregnant beef cows from herds with varying levels of reproductive success. the study provided an opportunity to examine whether there were any associations between serological status for bvdv, ibr, and n. caninum and ... | 2005 | 15893892 |
| neospora caninum: quantification of dna in the blood of naturally infected aborted and pregnant cows using real-time pcr. | this study quantified neospora caninum dna in the blood and brain of pregnant and aborted heifers by monitoring pcr product formation in real-time using sybr green i, a double-stranded dna-binding dye. primers were designed to amplify a 188 bp product specific to n. caninum from the nc-5 gene fragment of n. caninum. similarly, a 71 bp product was amplified from the 28s rrna gene of bovine genomic dna that served as a control. agarose gel electrophoresis and analysis of the melting curve for pcr ... | 2005 | 15804378 |
| serologic immunoreactivity to neospora caninum antigens in dogs determined by indirect immunofluorescence, western blotting and dot-elisa. | neospora caninum, is a coccidian protozoan known as a major cause of bovine abortion and canine neuropathies. the aim of the present study was to develop a reliable and quick test to detect antibodies to n. caninum in dog sera. sixty-five serum samples from dogs, including 35 positive and 30 negative for n. caninum antibodies were used for standardization of the test. in parallel, immunoreactivity of the sera to toxoplasma gondii antigens was investigated using a passive agglutination test. a do ... | 2005 | 15893072 |
| the effects of ponazuril on development of apicomplexans in vitro. | we examined the effects of 5 microg/ml ponazuril treatment on developing tachyzoites of neospora caninum and merozoites of sarcocystis neurona to better determine the mode of action of this anticoccidial drug. both parasites develop asexually by endogenesis. neospora caninum was selected for study because it develops by endodyogeny, which results in two tachyzoites being produced internally, and s. neurona was selected because it develops by endopolygeny which results in many merozoites being pr ... | 2005 | 15926999 |
| exploration of immunoblot profiles of neospora caninum probed with different bovine immunoglobulin classes. | the present study was attempted to compare the neospora caninum (n. caninum) antigenic bands recognized by different bovine immunoglobulin classes. a total 10, 5, 2, and 6 antigenic bands were exhibited on immunoblot profiles against bovine igm, ige, iga, and igg, respectively. a 46 kda band was probed as a common antigenic band except iga; 69 kda band was bovine igm and ige; 33, 37, 55, and 79 kda bands were bovine igm and igg; 72 kda band was found igm and iga profiles. based on the analysis, ... | 2005 | 15933437 |
| effect of neosporosis on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle in costa rica. | a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the effect of neosporosis on productive and reproductive parameters in dairy cows. cows (n=2743) from 94 farms located in the most important dairy areas in costa rica were used in the study. the size of the herds ranged from 32 to 379 females (mean=110, median=125). an indirect elisa was used to determine the serostatus of the cows towards neospora caninum. the effect of neosporosis on milk production was analysed by a mixed linear model. in additi ... | 2005 | 15936812 |
| toxoplasma gondii-like organisms in skin aspirates from a cat with disseminated protozoal infection. | an 8-year-old, male domestic shorthair cat was referred to the matthew j. ryan veterinary hospital of the university of pennsylvania with a 3-day history of lethargy, inappetance, hyperemic skin nodules, coughing, and vomiting. laboratory results included nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. cytology of the skin nodules revealed many spindle- to crescent-shaped proto ... | 2005 | 15902669 |
| a review of neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle--a canadian perspective. | neospora caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in cows. the occurrence of n. caninum infection in beef and dairy cattle has been reported worldwide, and in most provinces in canada. the objective of this review is to summarize our current understanding of n. caninum in dairy and beef cattle for canadian bovine practitioners. the review covers the life cycle of the agent, its mechanisms of transmission, clinical signs, and tests for diagnosing the infection. data on the prevalen ... | 2005 | 15884645 |
| detection of specific antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected alpacas (lama pacos), llamas (lama glama) and vicunas (lama vicugna) from peru and germany. | sera of an experimentally neospora caninum infected llama and a non-infected control llama were used to establish an immunoblot, an elisa and an ifat to detect antibodies against n. caninum tachyzoites. subsequently, serum samples collected from a total of 871 south american camelids (sac: lama glama, lama pacos, lama vicugna) of two farms in peru and from 32 sac of a farm in central germany were examined for antibodies against n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii. based on the recognition of specif ... | 2005 | 15893073 |
| culture of neospora caninum in the presence of a mycoplasma removal agent results in the selection of a mutant population of tachyzoites. | mycoplasmas are common contaminants of eukaryotic cells grown in tissue culture. a commercially available mycoplasma removal agent (mra) was therefore assessed for its effect on tachyzoites of neospora caninum, in order to determine its suitability for further use in parasite cell cultures. analyses of tachyzoite and excreted-secreted proteins and antigens by sds-page and western blotting show that mra treatment results in the rapid selection of a mutant population that differs from the control ... | 2005 | 15977896 |
| confirmed clinical neospora caninum infection in a boxer puppy from argentina. | generalized neosporosis was diagnosed in a 2-month-old boxer puppy. the dog had a history of progressive paralysis and muscle atrophy, followed by cervical weakness, stiff jaws and dysphagia. the dog had a 1:12,800 antibody titer for neospora caninum and was negative for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). after euthanasia a complete necropsy was carried out. the puppy had a megaesophagus. microscopically, tachyzoites and tissue cysts were observed i ... | 2005 | 15978728 |
| associations between pregnancy outcome and serological response to neospora caninum among a group of dairy heifers. | to monitor pregnancy in a group of rising 2-year-old dairy heifers on a farm on which abortion due to neospora caninum was known to occur in previous years. | 2005 | 15846399 |
| global protein expression analysis in apicomplexan parasites: current status. | members of the phylum apicomplexa are important protozoan parasites that cause some of the most serious, and in some cases, deadly diseases in humans and animals. they include species from the genus plasmodium, toxoplasma, eimeria, neospora, cryptosporidium, babesia and theileria. the medical, veterinary and economic impact of these pathogens on a global scale is enormous. although chemo- and immuno-prophylactic strategies are available to control some of these parasites, they are inadequate. cu ... | 2005 | 15759314 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in dairy cattle in saskatchewan. | blood was drawn from 1530 dairy cows in 51 herds. for antibodies against bovine leukemia virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum, 37.4%, 2.7%, and 5.6% of cows were test positive, respectively, while 29.2% of herds had unvaccinated animals with > or = 1:64 for bovine viral diarrhea virus. | 2005 | 15759829 |
| cutaneous manifestations of disseminated toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog. | a 3.5-year-old, castrated male, giant schnauzer was presented with alopecic pustular dermatitis. immune-mediated hemolytic anemia had been diagnosed 45 days previously. at the time of presentation, the dog was receiving prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. cutaneous protozoosis was diagnosed, and postmortem examination revealed protozoa within cutaneous, cardiac, pancreatic, and pulmonary tissues. the protozoa divided by endodyogeny, had the morphology of toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) tac ... | 2005 | 15870255 |
| identification and characterization of cross-reactive antigens from neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. | murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against neospora caninum tachyzoites were produced to identify the cross-reactive antigens between n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii. ten mabs recognizing cross-reactive antigens of both parasites were obtained and tentatively classified into 6 different groups based on their reactivity patterns in an indirect fluorescent antibody test and western blot analysis. three mabs in group 1 recognized antigens located on the surface of parasites with molecular masses ... | 2005 | 15991490 |
| neosporosis in a young dog presenting with dermatitis and neuromuscular signs. | a 16-week-old, male boxer dog developed multifocal nodular dermatitis followed by rapidly progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease. protozoal tachyzoites were demonstrated by aspiration and biopsy of dermal lesions. necropsy and histology revealed necrotising inflammation associated with intralesional protozoal organisms in various organs including the brain, heart, skeletal muscle and skin. serology suggested active infection with neospora caninum. immunohistochemistry provided a definitive ... | 2005 | 15736815 |
| application of proteomics for comparison of proteome of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. | protein profiles of two isolates of neospora caninum (kba-2 and jpa1) and toxoplasma gondii rh strain were investigated by proteomic approach. approximately, 78% of protein spots on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) profiles and 80% of antigen spots on 2-de immunoblotting profiles were exhibited to share the same pi and m(r) between kba-2 and jpa1 of n. caninum. on the other hand, a total of 30 antigen spots of t. gondii were recognized on 2-de immunoblotting profile using rabbit antise ... | 2005 | 15652819 |
| antibodies to neospora caninum in stray cats from north italy. | antibodies to neospora caninum were determined in serum samples from 282 stray cats coming from four colonies near turin (north-west italy). sera were tested using a neospora agglutination test (nat). seroprevalence was 24.8% at 1:80, 12.8% at 1:160 and 5.3% at 1:320 dilution. seroprevalence in females and males, in different colonies and in different age classes, did not differ significantly. our results confirm that domestic cats are exposed to n. caninum and the observed seroprevalences sugge ... | 2005 | 15919155 |
| effects of host maturity and prior exposure history on the production of neospora caninum oocysts by dogs. | to investigate whether dogs shed neospora caninum oocysts more than once, five dogs with a previous history of shedding oocysts were fed infected bovine tissues. two of three dogs shed oocysts when they were re-exposed 18-20 months after the first challenge; two other dogs re-exposed earlier, only 8 months after the primary exposure, did not produce oocysts. these results suggest that dogs may become refractory to shedding n. caninum oocysts for a period approximately between 8 and 18 months aft ... | 2005 | 16029931 |
| evaluation of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in bulk milk. | three elisas for the detection of antibodies against neospora caninum in bulk milk were evaluated in 162 dutch dairy herds. the first elisa was the dutch animal health service (ahs) in-house elisa, developed from the routine in-house serum elisa. the other two elisas were commercial milk elisas from idexx and lsi. blood samples of all lactating cows in 162 dairy herds were tested using the ahs in-house serum elisa. based on previous studies in the netherlands a within-herd n. caninum seroprevale ... | 2005 | 15970385 |
| hplc purification of recombinant ncgra6 antigen improves enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis. | the gene for a dense granule protein (ncgra6) of neospora caninum was expressed in escherichia coli as a his-tag fusion protein and purified by ninta affinity chromatography. in a preliminary study, high binding of antibodies from n. caninum-negative cows was observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using ninta-purified ncgra6. analysis of ninta eluates revealed a significant number of e. coli proteins that co-purified with recombinant ncgra6. in an attempt to improve the relative s ... | 2005 | 15970387 |
| effects of seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum on culling in dairy cattle in four canadian provinces. | the purpose of this research was to determine the effects of seropositivity for exposure to bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and neospora caninum (nc) on overall and reason-specific culling in canadian dairy cattle. serum samples from, approximately, 30 randomly selected cows from 134 herds were tested for antibodies against blv, map and nc using commercially available elisa test kits, while 5 unvaccinated cat ... | 2005 | 15970402 |
| development of rapid immunochromatographic test with recombinant ncsag1 for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle. | an immunochromatographic test (ict) with recombinant surface antigen 1 of neospora caninum (ncsag1) was developed for the rapid detection of antibodies to n. caninum in cattle. the ict was used to clearly discriminate between immunofluorescent-antibody test (ifat)-positive bovine sera and ifat-negative bovine sera. serum samples collected from cattle in yanbian, china, were examined by the ict. of the 96 serum samples, 23 (24.0%) were positive by the ict, and 19 (19.8%) samples were positive by ... | 2005 | 16002641 |
| seronegative conversion in four neospora caninum-infected cows, with a low rate of transplacental transmission. | four neospora-seropositive pregnant cows (prebreeding indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) titers between 1:400 and 1:1600) were confined and observed until parturition. all cows gave birth to normal calves. selected tissues were tested for nc by histopathology, immunohistochemical (ihc) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). parasite isolation was attempted in vero cell cultures. at parturition, all cows were seronegative at 1:200 and two of four cows had a titer of 1:100 when further tested. thre ... | 2005 | 15939537 |
| occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from the northern region of brazil. | anti-neospora caninum antibodies were determined in sera of 196 water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from three farms of the northern region of brazil, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibody titers were found in 139 (70.9%) buffaloes with dilution values ranging from > or =25 to <200 in 41 animals, > or =200 to <800 in 35 animals, and > or =800 in 63 animals. the number of animals presenting titers > or =800 was statistically higher (p<0.05). all farms presented positive animals, how ... | 2005 | 16051440 |
| recombinant nhsag1 elisa: a sensitive and specific assay for detecting antibodies against neospora hughesi in equine serum. | neospora hughesi is a recently identified cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. however, the significance of this parasite is poorly understood. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a recombinant form of the n. hughesi 29-kda surface antigen (rnhsag1) was developed for serodiagnosis of equine n. hughesi infections. parallel elisa analysis showed that animals immunized or infected with n. hughesi exhibited greater antibody reactivity with rnhsag1 than with the neospora caninum ... | 2005 | 15986623 |
| in vitro efficacies of nitazoxanide and other thiazolides against neospora caninum tachyzoites reveal antiparasitic activity independent of the nitro group. | the thiazolide nitazoxanide [2-acetolyloxy-n-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] (ntz) exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of intestinal and tissue-dwelling helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans. the drug has been postulated to act via reduction of its nitro group by nitroreductases, including pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase. in this study, we investigated the efficacies of nitazoxanide and a number of other thiazolides against neospora ... | 2005 | 16127045 |
| reduced infection and protection from clinical signs of cerebral neosporosis in c57bl/6 mice vaccinated with recombinant microneme antigen ncmic1. | ncmic1 is a 460 amino acid neospora caninum microneme protein implicated in host cell adhesion and invasion processes. in this study, we assessed the potential protectivity of ncmic1-based vaccination against experimental n. caninum infection in mice, employing both recombinant antigen vaccines and dna vaccines. recombinant ncmic1 (recncmic1) was expressed in escherichia coli as gluthatione-s-transferase-fusion protein. the corresponding ncmic1 cdna was cloned into the pcdna3.1 expression plasmi ... | 2005 | 16108562 |
| differential detection of hammondia hammondi from toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction. | hammondia hammondi and toxoplasma gondii are two related coccidian parasites, with cats as definitive hosts and warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. it is difficult to differentiate them by morphological and serological parameters. in the present study, primers were designed to specifically amplify the its-1 region of h. hammondi to differentiate it from t. gondii. attempts were made to detect the presence of h. hammondi dna in the tissues of mice infected with h. hammondi alone, as well ... | 2005 | 16153883 |
| subcellular fractionation and molecular characterization of the pellicle and plasmalemma of neospora caninum. | a characteristic structural feature of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum is the presence of a triple-membrane pellicle, on the zoite stages of their complex life-cycle. here we report the results of electron microscopic studies which show that the pellicle is made of a typical plasmalemma covered on its cytoplasmic side by a system of flattened vesicles named the inner membrane complex. using methods described previously for the purification of pellicle and plasmalemma fractions from t. gon ... | 2005 | 16174411 |
| neospora caninum protein disulfide isomerase is involved in tachyzoite-host cell interaction. | we have previously shown that treatment of neospora caninum tachyzoites with the aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin a reduces host cell invasion [naguleswaran, a., muller, n., hemphill, a., 2003. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii: a novel adhesion/invasion assay reveals distinct differences in tachyzoite-host cell interactions. exp. parasitol. 104, 149-158]. pepstatin a-affinity-chromatography led to the isolation of a major band of approximately 52 kda which was identified as a homologu ... | 2005 | 16129440 |
| oocysts of neospora caninum, hammondia heydorni, toxoplasma gondii and hammondia hammondi in faeces collected from dogs in germany. | faecal samples of 24,089 dogs were examined coproscopically in two veterinary laboratories in germany between march 2001 and october 2004. in 47 dogs, oocysts of 9-14 microm size were found. their morphology was similar to those of hammondia heydorni and neospora caninum. samples of 28 of these dogs were further examined by inoculation into gerbils: seven isolates induced a specific antibody response against antigens of n. caninum nc-1 tachyzoites. this response suggests that the isolates contai ... | 2005 | 16197949 |
| the host-parasite relationship in bovine neosporosis. | infection with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum is thought to be a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle worldwide. cattle infected with the parasite are three to seven times more likely to abort compared to uninfected cattle. the parasite may be transmitted to cattle through the ingestion of oocysts that are shed in the faeces of acutely infected dogs (definitive host of n. caninum) or by congenital infection from mother to foetus via the placenta. interestingly, transplacental t ... | 2005 | 16098610 |
| endogenous and exogenous transplacental infection in neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. | it is clear from researching the vertical transmission of neospora caninum in cattle that the terms 'vertical', 'congenital' and, indeed, 'transplacental' are inadequate for describing two extremely different situations that have fundamentally different immunological, epidemiological and control implications. a similar situation pertains to toxoplasma gondii in different hosts. we advocate the use of the terms 'endogenous transplacental infection (tpi)' to define foetal infection from a recrudes ... | 2005 | 16223599 |
| comparison of proteome and antigenic proteome between two neospora caninum isolates. | this study was conducted to explore the relationship between two isolates of neospora caninum (n. caninum) (kba-2 and vmdl-1) using proteomics. to achieve the goal, proteins of n. caninum tachyzoite lysates of kba-2 and vmdl-1 were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de), stained with silver-nitrate and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) to compare protein profiles. in addition, proteins separated by 2-de wer ... | 2005 | 16098674 |
| inhibitory activities of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase-targeted dihydroxyisoflavone and trihydroxydeoxybenzoin derivatives on sarcocystis neurona, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum development. | several gene sequences of parasitic protozoa belonging to protein kinase gene families and epidermal growth factor (egf)-like peptides, which act via binding to receptor tyrosine kinases of the egf receptor (egfr) family, appear to mediate host-protozoan interactions. as a clue to egfr protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) mediation and a novel approach for identifying anticoccidial agents, activities against sarcocystis neurona, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum grown in bm and hct-8 cell cu ... | 2005 | 16251305 |
| neospora caninum seropositivity and association with abortions in dairy cows in mexico. | the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection was estimated from a sample of 813 cattle from 20 dairy herds in five regions in mexico. the true prevalence of infection was estimated to be 42% (95% ci: 39, 46). seropositivity was associated with abortion (odds ratio (or)=2.0) and was higher among cows raised on-farm (41%), than among replacement cattle purchased outside the farm (28%). the ors relating abortion to seropositivity in individual herds ranged from 1.3 to 10. overall, 26% of the ab ... | 2005 | 16098675 |
| environmental effect on the occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in pampas-deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus). | sera obtained from pampas-deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) captured in two different brazilian environments were analyzed for the presence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). samples were collected from 23 animals from a savanna area in the national park of emas, in the state of goiás, brazil. this area is surrounded by cultivated lands and allows very little contact between wild and domestic animals. another batch of samples was collected from 16 a ... | 2005 | 16112811 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in sika deer from eastern hokkaido, japan. | brain and serum were collected from 120 and 12 free-ranging sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), respectively, from six regions in eastern hokkaido during controlled hunts in the autumn of 2003. brains were tested for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays. antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were measured by means of a latex agglutination test. no brain tested positive for either type of dna, and no antibody to toxoplasma gondii was detected in serum, s ... | 2005 | 16107684 |
| neospora caninum antigens defined by antigen-dependent bovine cd4+ t cells. | neosporosis is an important cause of pregnancy loss in cattle worldwide. the objective of the present study was to identify neospora caninum antigens as vaccine candidates using antigen-specific, short-term cd4+ t cells established from n. caninum-immunized and -challenged cows. whole n. caninum tachyzoite lysate was separated into 6 fractions by deae anion-exchange chromatography using high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). the cd4+ t-cell proliferation assay results indicated that antigen ... | 2005 | 16108548 |
| the sylvatic cycle of neospora caninum: where do we go from here? | bovine abortions due to neospora caninum infection are a major cattle-production problem worldwide. the parasite is readily maintained in cattle populations by vertical transmission. the domestic dog excretes oocysts in its feces and, after sporulation, these oocysts are infectious to cattle. current control measures are aimed at culling infected cows and limiting the access of cattle to infective oocysts. the recent revelations that coyotes (canis latrans) can excrete n. caninum oocysts in thei ... | 2005 | 16098812 |
| attachment and invasion of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum to epithelial and fibroblast cell lines in vitro. | attachment and invasion of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum to a cat and a dog fibroblast cell line and 2 epithelial cell lines (a cat kidney and vero) were compared in vitro using fluorescence antibody methodology. in addition, trypsin treatment of tachyzoites was used to determine whether protein molecules were essential to the process of invasion. the results show that both t. gondii and n. caninum invaded all 4 cell lines, and that pre-treatment of t. gondii tachyzoites with trypsin ca ... | 2005 | 16255816 |
| phylogenetic congruence of sarcocystis neurona dubey et al., 1991 (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) in the united states based on sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). | the objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeny and phylogeographical relationships of available sarcocystis neurona isolates from different localities in the united states. all 13 sarcocystis isolates from different hosts were subjected to polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analyses using two published dna markers (25/396 and 33/54). the 334 bp sequence of the 25/396 marker of these isolates and besnoitia darlingi, b ... | 2005 | 16025209 |
| identification and characterization of neospora caninum cyclophilin that elicits gamma interferon production. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) response is essential to the development of a host protective immunity in response to infections by intracellular parasites. neosporosis, an infection caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite neospora caninum, is fatal when there is a complete lack of ifn-gamma in the infected host. however, the mechanism by which ifn-gamma is elicited by the invading parasite is unclear. this study has identified a microbial protein in the n. caninum tachyzoite n. caninum cycl ... | 2005 | 16041025 |
| immunization with native surface protein ncsrs2 induces a th2 immune response and reduces congenital neospora caninum transmission in mice. | ncsrs2, a tachyzoite surface protein of neospora caninum, is an immunodominant protein with respect to induction of antibody production and has a role in attachment and invasion of host cells. native ncsrs2 was isolated from whole tachyzoite lysate antigen by affinity chromatography using ncsrs2 specific monoclonal antibody and used to immunize balb/c mice in a congenital transmission study. ncsrs2 was a highly conserved protein as indicated by comparison of deduced amino acid sequence obtained ... | 2005 | 16051244 |
| toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 3 (gra3) is a type i transmembrane protein that possesses a cytoplasmic dilysine (kkxx) endoplasmic reticulum (er) retrieval motif. | studies using antibodies to immunolocalize the toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein gra3, have shown that this protein associates strongly with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm). however, as there was no predicted membrane-spanning domain this highlighted an unanswered paradox. we demonstrate that the previously published sequence for gra3 is actually an artificial chimera of 2 proteins. one protein, of molecular weight 65 kda, shares the c-terminus with published gra3 and possesses ... | 2005 | 16149193 |
| characterization of the b-cell immune response elicited in balb/c mice challenged with neospora caninum tachyzoites. | activation of b cells occurring in hosts infected with protozoan parasites has been implicated either in protective or parasite-evasion immune-mediated mechanisms. intraperitoneal inoculation of neospora caninum tachyzoites into balb/c mice induces an acute response characterized by a rapid increase in the numbers of cd69-expressing peritoneal and splenic b cells. this early b-cell stimulatory effect preceded an increase in the numbers of total and immunoglobulin-secreting splenic b cells and a ... | 2005 | 16108816 |
| [bovine neosporosis: general concepts, immunity and perspectives for vaccination]. | neospora caninum causes abortions in cattle worldwide. the neospora-cycle of life is heteroxenous. dogs (canis familiaris) and coyotes (canis latrans) are the definitive hosts known at present. although, transplacental infection is an efficiently mode of transmission in cattle; there are also experimental and field data that prove horizontal transmission. several techniques are available for diagnosis since neosporosis is recognized as a disease that causes economic losses in cattle. the mechani ... | 2005 | 16502644 |
| development of a practical immunochromatographic test with recombinant p50 for the diagnosis of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs. | an immunochromatographic test (ict), using recombinant truncated p50 (p50t), for the detection of antibodies to babesia gibsoni was developed and evaluated. whereas all sera from specific pathogen-free dogs were clearly negative, all sera from dogs experimentally infected with b. gibsoni were clearly positive in the ict. in addition, the ict detected no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs experimentally infected with closely related parasites, b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli, and b. canis rossi ... | 2005 | 16336730 |
| association between neospora caninum antibodies and blue tongue vaccination in dairy cows. | 2005 | 16244963 | |
| neospora caninum: antibodies directed against tachyzoite surface protein ncsrs2 inhibit parasite attachment and invasion of placental trophoblasts in vitro. | polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to native neospora caninum tachyzoite surface protein ncsrs2 were generated and tested in vitro for their ability to neutralize tachyzoite attachment to and invasion of host cells. host cells included vero cells and a newly cloned, immortalized ovine trophoblast cell line obtained from primary cultures of ovine placenta. the ovine trophoblasts had morphology consistent with fetal trophoblasts and expressed mrna for interferon-tau, a marker for trophoblasts. n ... | 2006 | 16375893 |
| the prevalence of neospora caninum and co-infection with toxoplasma gondii by pcr analysis in naturally occurring mammal populations. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are closely related intracellular protozoan parasites associated with bovine and ovine abortion respectively. little is known about the extent of neospora/toxoplasma co-infection in naturally infected populations of animals. using nested pcr techniques, based on primers from the nc5 region of n. caninum and sag1 for t. gondii, the prevalence of n. caninum and its co-infection with t. gondii were investigated in populations of mus domesticus, rattus norvegic ... | 2006 | 16393351 |
| comparison of different methods for the solubilisation of neospora caninum (phylum apicomplexa) antigen. | parasite antigens are of interest both for the development of better diagnostic tools and potential subunit vaccines. particularly, relevant in this regard are membrane proteins as the first point of contact between host and parasite. here, four different methods for the extraction and solubilisation of neospora caninum proteins were evaluated by comparing protein yield, specific antigenicity and relative protein abundance in the electrophoresis profile. extraction with sds and sulphobetaines (s ... | 2006 | 16289567 |
| identification and molecular cloning of the neospora caninum sag4 gene specifically expressed at bradyzoite stage. | here, we identify and clone the ncsag4 gene, orthologue to the toxoplasma gondii tgsag4 gene, and the first reported gene to be expressed specifically during the neospora caninum bradyzoite stage. to isolate ncsag4, we designed degenerate oligonucleotides based on the tgsag4 protein amino acid sequence. a 312-bp dna fragment was amplified by pcr from n. caninum genomic dna, whose sequence showed 65% identity to tgsag4 gene over 257 bp. ncsag4 gene sequence was obtained by pcr genome walking. nuc ... | 2006 | 16303187 |
| seroepidemiology of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle herds in mashhad area, iran. | a seroepidemiology study of neospora caninum was conducted in mashhad area, khorasan province, iran on 337 cattle from 30 dairy using elisa. all herds had seropositive cattle and antibodies were formed in 46% of the cattle. abortion was significantly associated with seropositivity of cattle. the highest risk of abortion was observed in the 1-2-year-old cows. our results indicate that neospora infection is widespread in iran. | 2006 | 16289861 |
| evaluation of an iscom elisa used for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in bulk milk. | the intracellular parasite neospora caninum is increasingly recognized as an important cause of abortion and stillbirth in cattle. presence of specific antibodies indicates infection, and the immunostimulating complex (iscom) enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) has previously been evaluated for use on individual milk and sera. in the present study, this test is investigated for use on bulk milk. in this study, 124 herds were used to analyse the relationship between within-herd prevalences based on ... | 2006 | 16417934 |
| supranational comparison of neospora caninum seroprevalences in cattle in germany, the netherlands, spain and sweden. | herd, within-herd and animal prevalences for neospora caninum in beef and dairy cattle were compared between four countries. in randomly selected herds from regions of germany, the netherlands, spain and sweden that were representative for the cattle production of these countries, all animals > or = 2 years were examined serologically by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) with high test specificity (> 98.0%). in a previous study, the elisas had been validated against each other. single ... | 2006 | 16417972 |
| validation of a commercially available celisa test for canine neosporosis against an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). | a commercially available competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa, vmrd) was validated for the detection of neospora caninum antibodies in the serum of dogs, using as a reference test an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat, fuller). a partial verification approach was used. a total of 618 dogs were screened with celisa and a subset of positive and negative sera (n=237) were then tested with ifat. naïve relative sensitivity (se(nv)) and naïve relative specificity (sp(nv)) of cel ... | 2006 | 16293328 |
| seroprevalences of antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in zoo animals. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in zoo animals. sera from 556 animals, from 13 czech and slovak zoos were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii by indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibodies to n. caninum were found in 31 of 556 zoo animals (5.6%), representing 18 of 114 species tested: eurasian wolf (canis lupus lupus), maned ... | 2006 | 16387445 |
| intrauterine neospora caninum inoculation of heifers. | here, we studied the potential of neospora caninum tachyzoites to infect heifers when administered in utero by artificial insemination via contaminated semen. eighteen primiparous cyclic heifers were hormonally synchronized and artificially inseminated. nine of them, which were inseminated with semen containing 10(7) live n. caninum nc-1 isolate-tachyzoites, reacted with seroconversion and a specific ifn-gamma response. moreover, n. caninum dna was demonstrated by a nested-pcr in the blood of al ... | 2006 | 16288958 |
| application of repeated bulk milk testing for identification of infection dynamics of neospora caninum in thai dairy herds. | in this prospective study, repeated bulk milk tests were evaluated to establish the neospora caninum antibody status and to describe infection dynamics and changes in prevalence of n. caninum in thai dairy herds. bulk milk from 418 herds in northeast thailand were collected at three consecutive samplings, in december 2002 (sampling 1), april (sampling 2) and december 2003 (sampling 3). all samples were analysed for presence of n. caninum antibodies by iscom elisa, and the optical density values ... | 2006 | 16406330 |
| prevalence of neospora caninum infection in sardinian dairy farms (italy) detected by iscom elisa on tank bulk milk. | neospora caninum is a heteroxenous cyst-forming coccidian closely related to toxoplasma gondii and is considered one of the major causes of abortions in cattle worldwide. the present work aims to update the epidemiological trend of n. caninum of dairy cattle in sardinia island, western mediterranean (italy). for this reason, we used the newest enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) methodology that exploits immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms) principle and allows us to point out the infection in th ... | 2006 | 16323023 |
| low seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in wild canids in israel. | the role of domestic dogs in the epidemiology of neospora caninum as well as the relationship between n. caninum infection of farm dogs and cattle were demonstrated, however, evidence is scarce regarding the role of wild canids in domestic animal neosporosis. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of wild canids in the epidemiology of bovine neosporosis in israel by analyzing the prevalence of antibodies to n. caninum in wild canids. sera samples were collected from 114 free rangi ... | 2006 | 16436314 |
| clinical sarcocystis neurona, sarcocystis canis, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum infections in dogs. | sarcocystis neurona, sarcocystis canis, toxoplasma gondii, and neospora caninum are related apicomplexans that can cause systemic illness in many species of animals, including dogs. we investigated one breeder's 25 basset hounds for these infections. in addition, tissues from dogs and other non-canine hosts previously reported as s. canis infections were studied retrospectively. schizonts resembling those of s. neurona, and recognized by polyclonal rabbit anti-s. neurona antibodies, were found i ... | 2006 | 16458431 |
| herd-level risk factors for neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy farms in southern brazil. | a cross-sectional study was used to test the relationship between herd seroprevalence to neospora caninum and various potential herd-level risk factors in 60 dairy farms located in two distinct regions in southern brazil. thirty farms were randomly selected from within each region. a questionnaire was designed to summarize each farm's production system as it might relate to n. caninum transmission. the questionnaire contained 105 closed questions relating to general characteristics of the farms, ... | 2006 | 16343669 |
| in vitro isolation and characterisation of the first canine neospora caninum isolate in australia. | neospora caninum was isolated and established in vitro from the skin lesion of a naturally infected dog. the identity of the parasite was evaluated by immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat), microscopy, western blotting and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). n. caninum dna was detected in the whole blood, serum, skin lesion, rectal scrapings and faeces of the infected dog utilising a nested pcr targeting the nc-5 gene of n. caninum. antigenic and genetic characterisation of the isolate, designated ... | 2006 | 16487658 |
| canine neosporosis in hungary: screening for seroconversion of household, herding and stray dogs. | in order to assess the seroprevalence of canine neosporosis 651 blood samples were collected from 586 household, 41 herding and 24 stray dogs, at small animal clinics in four large cities and other places of hungary. nineteen (2.9%) showed positivity in the ifat with titres between 1:80 and 1:10240. two dogs with high titres of antibodies to neospora caninum had neuromuscular signs (imbalance, tremor) and a further one developed papulomatous, ulcerative and necrotizing dermatitis. there was no c ... | 2006 | 16490318 |
| seroprevalences of toxoplasma gondii and neospora sp. infections in swedish horses. | sera from 414 swedish horses were investigated for the presence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora sp. by the t. gondii direct agglutination test (dat), and an neospora caninum iscom-elisa. five sera (1%) had a titre >1:40 in dat, but when analysed by immunoblotting against t. gondii antigens only two of them were positive, giving a seroprevalence of 0.5%. since the neospora iscom elisa had not been validated for equine sera it was used for an initial screening, and all sera with an ... | 2006 | 16517077 |
| artificial insemination of cows with semen in vitro contaminated with neospora caninum tachyzoites failed to induce neosporosis. | neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle all over the world. congenital transmission as well as horizontal transmission by ingestion of oocysts has been described. the detection of neospora caninum dna in bull semen warrants the investigation of possible transmission through the use of contaminated semen. in this experiment four cows were artificially inseminated with frozen-thawed semen contaminated in vitro with viable n. caninum tachyzoites (group a) and four control cows were insem ... | 2006 | 16542775 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in camels (camelus dromedarius) in mashhad, iran. | one hundred twenty camels were blood-sampled and used to evaluate serological screening for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) in mashhad, iran, during years 2004-2005. of the 120 camels, antibodies to n. caninum were found in three in titers of 1:20 and in four in titers of 1:40 using whole n. caninum tachyzoites as ifat slide (vmrd inc., pullman, wa 99163, usa). antibodies to t. gondii were found in three camels in titers 1:20 and in t ... | 2006 | 16425066 |
| detection of immunoglobulin g antibodies to neospora caninum in humans: high seropositivity rates in patients who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus or have neurological disorders. | considering that little is known about the epidemiology of neospora caninum infection in humans, particularly in populations with high toxoplasma gondii infection rates, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of antibodies to n. caninum in t. gondii-seropositive and -seronegative individuals. a total of 256 serum samples divided into four groups (61 samples from human immunodeficiency virus [hiv]-positive patients, 50 samples from patients with neurological disorders, 91 samples fro ... | 2006 | 16426004 |
| temporal distribution and parasite load kinetics in blood and tissues during neospora caninum infection in mice. | the kinetics of neospora caninum loads in mice inoculated with nc-liv or nc-1 isolates were studied. the acute phase was characterized by parasitemia and the detection of parasite dna in several organs, whereas during the chronic phase, the parasite was detected mainly in the brain. mice infected with nc-liv developed clinical signs, showing higher brain parasite burdens than nc-1-infected mice. | 2006 | 16552086 |
| the protozoan neospora caninum directly triggers bovine nk cells to produce gamma interferon and to kill infected fibroblasts. | natural killer (nk) cells are considered to be key players in the early innate responses to protozoan infections, primarily indirectly by producing gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in response to cytokines, like interleukin 12 (il-12). we demonstrate that live, as well as heat-inactivated, tachyzoites of neospora caninum, a toxoplasma-like protozoan, directly trigger production of ifn-gamma from purified, il-2-activated bovine nk cells. this response occurred independently of il-12 but was increased ... | 2006 | 16428740 |