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complete genome sequence of a channel catfish epidemic isolate, aeromonas hydrophila strain ml09-119.aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, mesophilic bacterium that infects both aquatic poikilothermic animals and mammals, including humans. here, we present the complete genome sequence of aeromonas hydrophila strain ml09-119, which represents a clonal group of a. hydrophila isolates causing outbreaks of bacterial septicemia in channel catfish since 2009.201324051325
comparative transcriptional analysis reveals distinct expression patterns of channel catfish genes after the first infection and re-infection with aeromonas hydrophila.to determine whether transcriptional levels of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) genes are differentially regulated between a first infection with aeromonas hydrophila and a re-infection, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was performed in this study using anterior kidney cdna after the re-infection as tester. of the 96 clones isolated from the ssh library, 28 unique expressed sequence tags (ests) were obtained, of which eight were confirmed to be slightly but significantly (p < 0.0 ...201324036330
recombinant goose-type lysozyme in channel catfish: lysozyme activity and efficacy as plasmid dna immunostimulant against aeromonas hydrophila infection.the objectives of this study were: 1) to investigate whether recombinant channel catfish lysozyme-g (cc-lys-g) produced in escherichia coli expression system possesses any lysozyme activity; and 2) to evaluate whether channel catfish lysozyme-g plasmid dna could be used as an immunostimulant to protect channel catfish against aeromonas hydrophila infection. recombinant cc-lys-g produced in e. coli expression system exhibited significant (p < 0.05) lytic activity against gram-positive micrococcus ...201323978564
apolipoprotein a1 in channel catfish: transcriptional analysis, antimicrobial activity, and efficacy as plasmid dna immunostimulant against aeromonas hydrophila infection.the objectives of this study were to: 1) determine transcriptional profiles of apolipoprotein a1 (apoa1) in collected channel catfish tissues after infection with aeromonas hydrophila by bath immersion; 2) investigate whether recombinant channel catfish apolipoprotein a1 produced in escherichia coli expression system possesses any antimicrobial activity against a. hydrophila; 3) evaulate whether recombinant channel catfish apolipoprotein a1 plasmid dna could be used as immunostimulant to protect ...201323954697
g-protein coupled receptor 18 (gpr18) in channel catfish: expression analysis and efficacy as immunostimulant against aeromonas hydrophila infection.the objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the transcriptional profiles of g-protein coupled receptor 18 (gpr18) in channel catfish after infection with aeromonas hydrophila compared to that in healthy catfish; 2) to determine whether over-expression of gpr18 in catfish gill cells will offer protection against infection of a. hydrophila; 3) to determine whether recombinant pcdna-gpr18 could be used as an immunostimulant to protect channel catfish against a. hydrophila infection. quantita ...201323891864
rapid quantitative detection of aeromonas hydrophila strains associated with disease outbreaks in catfish aquaculture.a new strain of aeromonas hydrophila has been implicated in significant losses in farm-raised catfish. outbreaks attributable to this new strain began in alabama in the summer of 2009 and have spread to arkansas and mississippi in subsequent years. these outbreaks mostly afflicted market-sized fish and resulted in considerable losses in short periods of time. the present research was designed to develop an expeditious diagnostic procedure to detect the new strains of a. hydrophila due to the rap ...201323847227
chicken-type lysozyme in channel catfish: expression analysis, lysozyme activity, and efficacy as immunostimulant against aeromonas hydrophila infection.to understand whether chicken-type lysozyme (lys-c) in channel catfish was induced by infection of aeromonas hydrophila, the transcriptional levels of lys-c in skin, gut, liver, spleen, posterior kidney, and blood cells in healthy channel catfish was compared to that in channel catfish infected with a. hydrophila by bath immersion. quantitative pcr revealed that the transcription levels of lys-c in infected catfish were significantly (p < 0.05) induced in all five tissues tested as well as in bl ...201323732847
expression and activity of recombinant proaerolysin derived from aeromonas hydrophila cultured from diseased channel catfish.aerolysin is one of the putative toxins in extracellular products (ecp) produced by aeromonas hydrophila, an important pathogen of catfish. to better understand the molecular mechanism and mode of action of this toxin, proaerolysin-coding gene was cloned from the genomic dna of an a. hydrophila strain, cultured from diseased channel catfish, and heterologously expressed in e. coli. functional recombinant proaerolysin was obtained, revealing some unique properties. the purified recombinant proaer ...201323680108
establishment and characterization of a fin cell line from blunt snout bream, megalobrama amblycephala.this study established and characterized a new cell line (maf) from the fin of blunt snout bream (megalobrama amblycephala), a freshwater fish cultivated in china. maf cells proliferated well in medium 199 supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum at 28 °c and have been subcultured more than 95 times in almost a year. maf cells were revived at 90-95 % viability after 3-6 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. karyotyping indicated that the modal chromosome number of maf cells was 48. the maf cell ...201323532304
identification, virulence, and mass spectrometry of toxic ecp fractions of west alabama isolates of aeromonas hydrophila obtained from a 2010 disease outbreak.in west alabama, disease outbreaks in 2009 caused by aeromonas hydrophila have led to an estimated loss of more than $3 million. in 2010, disease outbreak occurred again in west alabama, causing losses of hundreds of thousands of pounds of market size channel catfish. during the 2010 disease outbreak in west alabama, four isolates of a. hydrophila were cultured from the kidney tissues of diseased channel catfish. both analytical profile index (api) 20 e biochemical tests and 16s-23s rrna sequenc ...201323523171
attempt to develop live attenuated bacterial vaccines by selecting resistance to gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, or ciprofloxacin.in an attempt to develop attenuated bacteria as potential live vaccines, four chemicals (gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin) were used to modify the following four genera of bacteria through chemical-resistance strategy: (1) aeromonas hydrophila (9 isolates); (2) edwardsiella tarda (9 isolates); (3) streptococcus iniae (9 isolates); and (4) s. agalactiae (11 isolates). all bacteria used in this study were able to develop high resistance to gossypol. however, only som ...201323499519
characterization of the ceruloplasmin gene and its potential role as an indirect marker for selection to aeromonas hydrophila resistance in rohu, labeo rohita.ceruloplasmin is an acute phase protein found to be activated by the host immune system during stress conditions. the ceruloplasmin gene has been reported in several teleosts and here we characterize the gene and test its association with resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in rohu, labeo rohita. a ceruloplasmin mrna sequence of 3355 base pairs (bp) was derived (genbank id: jx010736). the coding sequence (cds) comprised of 3276 bp that coded for 1092 amino acids. alignment results showed the grea ...201323481214
evasion of mucosal defenses during aeromonas hydrophila infection of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) skin.the mucosal surfaces of fish serve as the first line of defense against the myriad of aquatic pathogens present in the aquatic environment. the immune repertoire functioning at these interfaces is still poorly understood. the skin, in particular, must process signals from several fronts, sensing and integrating environmental, nutritional, social, and health cues. pathogen invasion can disrupt this delicate homeostasis with profound impacts on signaling throughout the organism. here, we investiga ...201323219904
identification and characterization of micrornas in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by using solexa sequencing technology.channel catfish (ictalurus spp.) is an economically important species in freshwater aquaculture around the world and occupies a prominent position in the aquaculture industry of the united states. micrornas (mirnas) play important roles in the regulation of almost every biological process in eukaryotes; however, there is little information available concerning mirnas in channel catfish. in this study, a small-rna cdna library was constructed from 10 tissues of channel catfish, and solexa sequenc ...201323342099
mechanisms of intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides of edwardsiella ictaluri and its influence on fish gut inflammation and virulence.the genus edwardsiella comprises a genetically distinct taxon related to other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. it consists of bacteria differing strongly in their biochemical and physiological features, natural habitats, and pathogenic properties. intrinsic resistance to cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps) is a specific property of the genus edwardsiella. in particular, edwardsiella ictaluri, an important pathogen of the catfish (ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture and the causative a ...201323676433
isolation and characterization of a homogeneous acid phosphatase from catfish liver.a homogeneous, tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatase (acpase) was obtained from the liver of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) by the use of affi gel-10-coupled aminohexyltartramic acid affinity chromatography. the enzyme has a molecular weight of 82,500 and is a dimer consisting of two apparently equivalent subunits with subunit weights of 35,000 +/- 3000. amino acid composition data are presented and compared with those of mammalian acid phosphatases. data suggest that the enzyme is a meta ...20134017537
implication of lateral genetic transfer in the emergence of aeromonas hydrophila isolates of epidemic outbreaks in channel catfish.to investigate the molecular basis of the emergence of aeromonas hydrophila responsible for an epidemic outbreak of motile aeromonad septicemia of catfish in the southeastern united states, we sequenced 11 a. hydrophila isolates that includes five reference and six recent epidemic isolates. comparative genomics revealed that recent epidemic a. hydrophila isolates are highly clonal, whereas reference isolates are greatly diverse. we identified 55 epidemic-associated genetic regions with 313 predi ...201324278351
protein and energy requirements of fingerling channel catfish for maintenance and maximum growth.in two separate experiments, purified diets containing 25% crude protein and 2.85 kcal/g and 35% crude protein and 3.99 kcal/g were fed at incremental rates [0-5% of body weight (bw)/d] to fingerling channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) in aquaria for 8 wk. linear (r2 = 0.95) increases in growth rate were observed in each experiment with increases in feeding rate up to 8.75 g protein/(kg bw x d) and 99.75 kcal energy/(kg bw x d). regressing growth rate back to zero resulted in maintenance requi ...20133794821
modulation of vacuolar ph is required for replication of edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish macrophages.previous in vitro work demonstrated that edwardsiella ictaluri produces an acid-activated urease that can modulate environmental ph through the production of ammonia from urea. additional work revealed that expression of the e. ictaluri type iii secretion system (t3ss) is upregulated by acidic ph. both the urease and the t3ss were previously shown to be essential to intracellular replication. in this work, fluorescence microscopy with lysotracker red dnd-99 (ltr) indicated that e. ictaluri-conta ...201424664505
survival of fish-pathogenic strains of aeromonas hydrophila under starvation.abstract the survival of aeromonas hydrophila under low-nutrient conditions was investigated in this study. the behavior of three strains isolated from common carp cyprinus carpio (china) and channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (usa) was compared when cells were starved at different temperatures (4, 15, 25, and 35°c) over a 4-week period. temperature played a major role in cell survival, and cell viability decreased rapidly at 4°c. conversely, cells stored at 15°c did not lose viability over tim ...201425229491
an asian origin of virulent aeromonas hydrophila responsible for disease epidemics in united states-farmed catfish.since 2009, catfish farming in the southeastern united states has been severely impacted by a highly virulent and clonal population of aeromonas hydrophila causing motile aeromonas septicemia (mas) in catfish. the possible origin of this newly emerged highly virulent a. hydrophila strain is unknown. in this study, we show using whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics that a. hydrophila isolates from diseased grass carp in china and catfish in the united states have highly similar genome ...201424895303
complete genome sequence of the highly virulent aeromonas hydrophila al09-71 isolated from diseased channel catfish in west alabama.aeromonas hydrophila al09-71 was isolated from diseased channel catfish in west alabama during a 2009 disease outbreak. the full genome of a. hydrophila al09-71 is 5,023,861 bp. the availability of this genome will allow comparative genomics to identify genes involved in pathogenesis or immunogens for the purpose of vaccine development.201424855300
vaccination of channel catfish with extracellular products of aeromonas hydrophila provides protection against infection by the pathogen.aeromonas hydrophila, a gram-negative bacterium, is one of the economically-important pathogens in modern aquaculture. among various traits, extracellular products (ecp) secreted by the bacterium are considered to be essential factors for virulence. whether vaccination with the ecp could produce immune protection in catfish against the pathogen was determined in this study. the results showed that fish vaccinated with ecp had 100% of relative percent survival (rps) when challenged with the patho ...201424321514
inflammatory effects of edwardsiella ictaluri lipopolysaccharide modifications in catfish gut.bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) are structural components of the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria and also are potent inducers of inflammation in mammals. higher vertebrates are extremely sensitive to lps, but lower vertebrates, like fish, are resistant to their systemic toxic effects. however, the effects of lps on the fish intestinal mucosa remain unknown. edwardsiella ictaluri is a primitive member of the enterobacteriaceae family that causes enteric septicemia in channel catfish ...201424866806
comparative susceptibility of channel catfish, blue catfish, and their hybrid cross to experimental challenge with bolbophorus damnificus (digenea: bolbophoridae) cercariae.the digenetic trematode bolbophorus damnificus has been implicated in significant losses in catfish aquaculture since the late 1990s. the complex life cycle sequentially involves the american white pelican pelecanus erythrorhynchos, the marsh rams horn snail planorbella trivolvis, and channel catfish ictalurus punctatus. research supports anecdotal reports from the industry, suggesting that the hybrid of channel catfish×blue catfish i. furcatus is less susceptible to disease agents that have bee ...201424895863
tissue persistence and vaccine efficacy of tricarboxylic acid cycle and one-carbon metabolism mutant strains of edwardsiella ictaluri.edwardsiella ictaluri causes enteric septicemia in fish. recently, we reported construction of e. ictaluri mutants with single and double gene deletions in tricarboxylic acid cycle (tca) and one-carbon (c-1) metabolism. here, we report the tissue persistence, virulence, and vaccine efficacy of tca cycle (eiδsdhc, eiδfrda, and eiδmdh), c-1 metabolism (eiδgcvp and eiδglya), and combination mutants (eiδfrdaδsdhc, eiδgcvpδsdhc, eiδmdhδsdhc, and eiδgcvpδglya) in channel catfish. the tissue persistenc ...201424837777
pathogen recognition receptors in channel catfish: iv. identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of peptidoglycan recognition proteins.peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) can recognize bacterial cell wall (peptidoglycan) and activate innate immune system. in addition to its function as pathogen recognition receptors (prrs), pgrps are also involved in directly killing bacteria, and regulating multiple signaling pathways. recently, we have reported catfish prrs including nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (nlrs), retinoic acid inducible gene i (rig-i) like receptors (rlrs), and toll-like re ...201424814805
characterization and mucosal responses of interleukin 17 family ligand and receptor genes in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus.interleukin (il) 17 family cytokines are important mediators of mucosal immune responses, tightly regulated by signals from the complex milieu of pathogenic and commensal microbes, epithelial cells and innate and adaptive leukocytes found at tissue barriers. in mammals, il17 ligand expression has been linked not only to protective immunity but also excessive tissue inflammation and damage in the gut and lungs. to better understand the scope and action of the il17 family in channel catfish ictalu ...201424602926
expression of nitric oxide synthase (nos) genes in channel catfish is highly regulated and time dependent after bacterial challenges.nitric oxide is well known for its roles in immune responses. as such, its synthesizing enzymes have been extensively studied from various species including some teleost fish species. however, the nos genes have not been characterized in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). in this study, we identified and characterized three nos genes including one nos1 and two nos2 genes in channel catfish. comparing with the nos genes from other fish species, the catfish nos genes are highly conserved in th ...201424560653
effect of multiple mutations in tricarboxylic acid cycle and one-carbon metabolism pathways on edwardsiella ictaluri pathogenesis.edwardsiella ictaluri is a gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen causing enteric septicemia of catfish (esc). we have shown recently that tricarboxylic acid cycle (tca) and one-carbon (c1) metabolism are involved in e. ictaluri pathogenesis. however, the effect of multiple mutations in these pathways is unknown. here, we report four novel e. ictaluri mutants carrying double gene mutations in tca cycle (eiδmdhδsdhc, eiδfrdaδsdhc), c1 metabolism (eiδglyaδgcvp), and both tca and c1 metab ...201424418045
mercury content in commercially available finfish in the united states.seventy-seven finfish species (300 composites of three fish) were obtained from commercial vendors in six regions of the united states: great lakes, mid-atlantic, new england, northwest, southeast, and southwest. total mercury in fish muscle tissue ranged from 1 ppb (channel catfish) to 1,425 ppb (king mackerel). of the top 10 most commonly consumed seafoods in the united states, all finfish species, including salmon species (13 to 62 ppb), alaskan pollock (11 ppb), tilapia (16 ppb), channel cat ...201425198598
fatty acid profiles of commercially available finfish fillets in the united states.fillets of 76 finfish species (293 composites of three fish) were obtained from commercial seafood vendors in six regions of the united states (i.e., great lakes, mid-atlantic, new england, northwest, southeast, and southwest). full fatty acid profiles were determined for each species and are presented here. eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) have been associated with many health benefits. thus, fillets of each species were compared for total epa plus dha content, which r ...201425108414
systematic variation in the pattern of gene paralog retention between the teleost superorders ostariophysi and acanthopterygii.teleost fish underwent whole-genome duplication around 450 ma followed by diploidization and loss of 80-85% of the duplicated genes. to identify a deep signature of this teleost-specific whole-genome duplication (tsgd), we searched for duplicated genes that were systematically and uniquely retained in one or other of the superorders ostariophysi and acanthopterygii. tsgd paralogs comprised 17-21% of total gene content. some 2.6% (510) of tsgd paralogs were present as pairs in the ostariophysi ge ...201424732281
zebrafish (danio rerio) bioassay for visceral toxicosis of catfish and botulinum neurotoxin serotype e.visceral toxicosis of catfish (vtc), a sporadic disease of cultured channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) often with high mortality, is caused by botulinum neurotoxin serotype e (bont/e). presumptive diagnosis of vtc is based on characteristic clinical signs and lesions, and the production of these signs and mortality after sera from affected fish is administered to sentinel catfish. the diagnosis is confirmed if the toxicity is neutralized with bont/e antitoxin. because small catfish are often ...201424518279
18s rrna gene sequencing identifies a novel species of henneguya parasitizing the gills of the channel catfish (ictaluridae).in the southeastern usa, the channel catfish ictalurus punctatus is a host to at least eight different species of myxozoan parasites belonging to the genus henneguya, four of which have been characterized molecularly using sequencing of the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene. however, only two of these have confirmed life cycles that involve the oligochaete dero digitata as the definitive host. during a health screening of farm-raised channel catfish, several fish presented with deforme ...201425270236
expression, purification and antibacterial activity of the channel catfish hepcidin mature peptide.hepcidins are small cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptides. the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) hepcidin cdna has been characterized, but recombinant protein expression and purification was not reported. i. punctatus hepcidin is comprised of 96 residues, with eight functionally important conserved cysteine residues located in the c-terminal region of the mature peptide, suggesting that this region is responsible for the antibacterial activity. in this study, a cdna fragment (mch) en ...201424269761
epidemiology of columnaris disease affecting fishes within the same watershed.in the southeastern usa, columnaris disease (caused by flavobacterium columnare) typically affects catfish raised in earthen ponds from early spring until late summer. recently, unusually severe outbreaks of columnaris disease occurred at the e. w. shell fisheries center located in auburn, al, usa. during these outbreaks, catfish and other aquaculture and sport fish species that were in ponds located within the same watershed were affected. our objective was to investigate the genetic diversity ...201424991846
l-rhamnose-binding lectins (rbls) in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus: characterization and expression profiling in mucosal tissues.rhamnose-binding lectins (rbls) have recently emerged as important molecules in the context of innate immunity in teleost fishes. previously, using rna-seq technology, we observed marked up-regulation of a rbl in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) gill following a challenge with the bacterial pathogen flavobacterium columnare. furthermore, the magnitude of rbl up-regulation positively correlated with disease susceptibility. moving forward from these findings, we wished to more broadly underst ...201424480296
nutritional impacts on gene expression in the surface mucosa of blue catfish (ictalurus furcatus).short-term feed deprivation is a common occurrence in both wild and farmed fish species, due to reproductive processes, seasonal variations in temperature, or in response to a disease outbreak. fasting can have dramatic physiological and biological consequences for fish, including impacts on mucosal immunity which can, in turn, change host susceptibility to pathogens. culture and selection of blue catfish (ictalurus furcatus) has gained importance as the production of a channel catfish×blue catf ...201424378224
susceptibility of fish and turtles to three ranaviruses isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes.ranaviruses have been associated with mortality of lower vertebrates around the world. frog virus 3 (fv3)-like ranaviruses have been isolated from different ectothermic vertebrate classes; however, few studies have demonstrated whether this pathogen can be transmitted among classes. using fv3-like ranaviruses isolated from the american bullfrog lithobates catesbeianus, eastern box turtle terrapene carolina carolina, and pallid sturgeon scaphirhynchus albus, we tested for the occurrence of interc ...201424895866
detection of channel catfish virus in cage-cultured pangasius hypophthalmus (sauvage, 1878) in malaysia. 201424117659
characterization of the gut microbiota of three commercially valuable warmwater fish species.due to the strong influence of the gut microbiota on fish health, dominant bacterial species in the gut are strong candidates for probiotics. this study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of channel catfish ictalurus punctatus, largemouth bass micropterus salmoides and bluegill lepomis macrochirus to provide a baseline for future probiotic studies.201424529218
physiological responses to short-term fasting among herbivorous, omnivorous, and carnivorous fishes.we explored the integrated role of dietary specialization and feeding periodicity on the response of the gastrointestinal tract of teleosts fishes to short-term (7-10 days) fasting and refeeding. fasted and fed herbivorous grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idella), omnivorous channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), and carnivorous largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) were compared for digestive organ masses, intestinal morphology, gastrointestinal ph, and the specific activities and total intestina ...201424604291
temperature and species-specific effects on ß3-adrenergic receptor cardiac regulation in two freshwater teleosts: channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and common carp (cyprinus carpio).β₃-adrenergic receptors (ar) are important in teleost cardiovascular regulation. to date, it is unknown whether temperature acclimation changes ß₃-ar functionality and consequently the involvement of this ar subtype in teleost cardiac regulation. common carp (cyprinus carpio) were acclimated at 12 °c or 23 °c (minimum 3 weeks) after which cardiovascular variables (cardiac output (q), stroke volume (sv) and heart rate (fh)) were measured upon injection of the ß₃-ar agonist, brl(37344), and antago ...201525882086
effectiveness of a sediment time critical removal action-pcb reduction in fish tissue, surface water, and sediment via wet excavation.documenting successful remediation of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-contaminated sediments is limited; potentially due to inadequate monitoring methods, complexities associated with the environment, and selected remedial techniques. at some sites, absence of appropriate baseline and postremoval monitoring limits proper evaluation of remedial efficacy. accurate interpretation of interactions between media, space, time, species, lipid content, and remedial technique requires robust study design a ...201525070026
molecular cloning, sequencing and tissue expression of vasotocin and isotocin precursor genes from ostariophysian catfishes: phylogeny and evolutionary considerations in teleosts.basic and neutral neurohypophyseal (nh) nonapeptides have evolved from vasotocin (vt) by a gene duplication at the base of the gnathostome lineage. in teleosts, vt and it are the basic and neutral peptides, respectively. in the present study, vt and it precursor genes of heteropneustes fossilis and clarias batrachus (siluriformes, ostariophysi) were cloned and sequenced. the channel catfish icatalurus punctatus nh precursor sequences were obtained from est database. the catfish nh sequences were ...201526029040
prosthenystera oonastica n. sp. (digenea: callodistomidae) from ictalurid catfishes in southeastern united states and molecular evidence differentiating species in the genus across americas.prosthenhystera oonastica n. sp. is described as a cryptic species from the gall bladder of three ictalurid catfishes, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), ictalurus furcatus (valenciennes), and pylodictis olivaris (rafinesque), in rivers in the southeastern united states. the species was originally named by wilmer a. rogers in 1979 but never formally described. material used for the description consists of two specimens of roger's original material and ten new specimens. we found no significant mo ...201525557746
[connection of hepcidin genes from two fish species and their expression in pichia pastoris].hepcidin are small cationic peptides with antibacterial activity expressed mainly in the liver of living organisms, and they play important roles in the host's immune response against microbial invasion and regulation of iron metabolism. thus, they are considered to be good substitutes for traditional antibiotics. it is a good choice that the antimicrobial peptides are prepared by recombinant dna expression. in the present study, two hepcidin mature peptide cdnas from channel catfish (ictalurus ...201526571689
suppression and restoration of primordial germ cell marker gene expression in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, using knockdown constructs regulated by copper transport protein gene promoters: potential for reversible transgenic sterilization.complementary dna overexpression and short hairpin rna interference approaches were evaluated for decreasing expression of primordial germ cell (pgc) marker genes and thereby sterilizing channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, by delivering knockdown constructs driven by a constitutive promoter from yeast and a copper transport protein gene into fish embryos by electroporation. two pgc marker genes, nanos and dead end, were the target knockdown genes, and their expressions, along with that of an o ...201526341409
a dietary dairy/yeast prebiotic and flaxseed oil enhance growth, hematological and immunological parameters in channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°c).channel catfish raised in the southern united states require two growing seasons to reach market size. growing seasons are separated by a cool period of about 3 months when feed intake and growth are greatly reduced. a cool-weather feeding strategy to improve feed intake, growth or health of catfish might improve survival and reduce the time needed to achieve market size. we conducted a feeding trial with channel catfish at a suboptimal temperature (15°c) to determine the effects of supplementin ...201525743337
effects of transgenic sterilization constructs and their repressor compounds on hatch, developmental rate and early survival of electroporated channel catfish embryos and fry.channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) embryos were electroporated with sterilization constructs targeting primordial germ cell proteins or with buffer. some embryos then were treated with repressor compounds, cadmium chloride, copper sulfate, sodium chloride or doxycycline, to prevent expression of the transgene constructs. promoters included channel catfish nanos and vasa, salmon transferrin (tf), modified yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae copper transport protein (mctr) and zebrafish racemase (rm ...201525367204
development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of channel catfish virus. 201525594335
adjuvant immune enhancement of subunit vaccine encoding pscpi of streptococcus iniae in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) is an important agricultural fish that has been plagued by streptococcus iniae (s. iniae) infections in recent years, some of them severe. c5a peptidase is an important virulent factor of s. iniae. in this study, the subunit vaccine containing the truncated part of c5a peptidase (pscpi) was mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel (ah), propolis adjuvant (pa), and freund's incomplete adjuvant (fia). the immunogenicity of the pscpi was detected by western-blot in vi ...201526602918
complete genome sequence of the fish pathogen yersinia ruckeri strain sc09, isolated from diseased ictalurus punctatus in china.yersinia ruckeri sc09 is a gram-negative bacterium isolated from a moribund ictalurus punctatus collected in jianyang, china. here, we report the complete genome sequence of this microorganism to facilitate the investigation of its pathogenicity and to reevaluate its taxonomic position.201525573927
a review of fish lectins.lectins have been reported from various tissues of a diversity of fish species including japanese eel, conger eel, electric eel, bighead carp, gibel carp, grass carp, arabian gulf catfish, channel catfish, blue catfish, catfish, pike perch, perch, powan, zebrafish, toxic moray, cobia fish, steelhead trout, japanese trout, atlantic salmon, chinook salmon, olive rainbow smelt, rainbow smelt, white-spotted charr, tilapia, blue gourami, ayu, potca fish, spanish mackerel, gilt head bream, tench, roac ...201525929869
kaolinitic clay protects against flavobacterium columnare infection in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque).columnaris disease, caused by the bacterial pathogen flavobacterium columnare, continues to be a major problem worldwide in both wild and cultured freshwater finfish. despite the far-reaching negative impacts of columnaris disease, safe and efficacious preventatives and curatives for this disease remain limited. in this study, we evaluated the potential of kaolin (al2 si2 05 (oh)4 ), a type of clay, for the prevention of columnaris disease. channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (rafinesque), fing ...201524499204
activities of wogonin analogs and other flavones against flavobacterium columnare.in our on-going pursuit to discover natural products and natural product-based compounds to control the bacterial species flavobacterium columnare, which causes columnaris disease in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), we synthesized flavone and chalcone analogs, and evaluated these compounds, along with flavonoids from natural sources, for their antibacterial activities against two isolates of f. columnare (alm-00-173 and biomed) using a rapid bioassay. the flavonoids chrysin (1a), 5,7-dihyd ...201525676507
the use of phage fcl-2 as an alternative to chemotherapy against columnaris disease in aquaculture.flavobacterium columnare, the causative agent of columnaris disease in fish, causes millions of dollars of losses in the us channel catfish industry alone, not to mention aquaculture industry worldwide. novel methods are needed for the control and treatment of bacterial diseases in aquaculture to replace traditionally used chemotherapies. a potential solution could be the use of phages, i.e., bacterial viruses, host-specific and self-enriching particles that can be can easily distributed via wat ...201526347722
expression profiling analysis of immune-related genes in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) skin mucus following flavobacterium columnare challenge.fish are covered by a watery gel-mucus, mainly secreted by the goblet cells, serving as the physical and biochemical barrier between the external environment and the interior milieu, playing more important roles in fish that without scale. despite the important roles of mucus in fish immunity, the knowledge of detailed molecular events happened during infection process is still limited. while most studies were focused on characterizing the protein and enzyme activities in the mucus following cha ...201526220643
impact of feed additives on surface mucosal health and columnaris susceptibility in channel catfish fingerlings, ictalurus punctatus.one of the highest priority areas for improvement in aquaculture is the development of dietary additives and formulations which provide for complete mucosal health and protection of fish raised in intensive systems. far greater attention has been paid to dietary impact on gut health than to protective effects at other mucosal surfaces such as skin and gill. these exterior surfaces, however, are important primary targets for pathogen attachment and invasion. flavobacterium columnare, the causativ ...201526164837
complete genome sequence of edwardsiella tarda isolate fl95-01, recovered from channel catfish.edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe that has been isolated from fish, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals, including humans. this is a report of the complete and annotated genome of isolate fl95-01, recovered from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).201526112788
real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection and quantification of edwardsiella tarda, edwardsiella piscicida, and edwardsiella piscicida-like species in catfish tissues and pond water.researchers have proposed the adoption of 3 distinct genetic taxa among bacteria previously classified as edwardsiella tarda; namely e. tarda, e. piscicida, and a taxon presently termed e. piscicida-like. individual real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assays were developed, based on published primers, for e. tarda, e. piscicida, and e. piscicida-like sp. to provide rapid quantitative confirmatory tests for these phenotypically ambiguous bacteria. the qpcr assays were shown to be repeatabl ...201525613040
small subunit ribosomal rna sequence links the myxospore stage of henneguya mississippiensis n. sp. from channel catfish ictalurus punctatus to an actinospore released by the benthic oligochaete dero digitata.there are more than 200 species of henneguya described from fish. of these, only three life cycles have been determined, identifying the actinospore and myxospore stages from their respective hosts. two of these life cycles involve the channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and the freshwater oligochaete dero digitata. herein, we molecularly confirm the life cycle of a previously undescribed henneguya sp. by matching 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence of the myxospore stage from channel catfi ...201525716821
teleost chemokines and their receptors.chemokines are a superfamily of cytokines that appeared about 650 million years ago, at the emergence of vertebrates, and are responsible for regulating cell migration under both inflammatory and physiological conditions. the first teleost chemokine gene was reported in rainbow trout in 1998. since then, numerous chemokine genes have been identified in diverse fish species evidencing the great differences that exist among fish and mammalian chemokines, and within the different fish species, as a ...201526569324
identification and mucosal expression analysis of cathepsin b in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) following bacterial challenge.the mucosal surfaces of fish (skin, gill and intestine) constitute the primary line of defense against pathogen invasion. although the importance of fish mucosal surfaces as the first barriers against pathogens cannot be overstated, the knowledge of teleost mucosal immunity are still limited. cathepsin b, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is involved in multiple levels of physiological and biological processes, and playing crucial roles for host immune defense against pathogen infection. in this re ...201526497091
efficacy of florfenicol for control of mortality associated with edwardsiella ictaluri in three species of catfish.the efficacy of florfenicol for control of mortality associated with edwardsiella icatluri was studied in fingerlings of channel catfish ictalurus puntatus (delta strain), blue catfish i. furcatus (d&b strain), and a hybrid catfish (delta strain channel catfish × d&b strain blue catfish). on day 0, fish were immersion challenged in 65-l aquaria. for each of the three species of catfish, 10 aquaria were randomly assigned to two treatment groups, either treated with florfenicol at 0 mg/kg of body ...201526306332
complement regulatory protein genes in channel catfish and their involvement in disease defense response.complement system is one of the most important defense systems of innate immunity, which plays a crucial role in disease defense responses in channel catfish. however, inappropriate and excessive complement activation could lead to potential damage to the host cells. therefore the complement system is controlled by a set of complement regulatory proteins to allow normal defensive functions, but prevent hazardous complement activation to host tissues. in this study, we identified nine complement ...201526111998
oral vaccination of channel catfish against enteric septicemia of catfish using a live attenuated edwardsiella ictaluri isolate.enteric septicemia of catfish (esc), caused by edwardsiella ictaluri, is the most problematic bacterial disease affecting catfish aquaculture in the southeastern united states. efforts to develop an effective esc vaccine have had limited industrial success. in commercial settings, esc vaccines are typically administered by immersion when fry are transferred from the hatchery to rearing ponds. while this approach is a practical method of mass delivery, this strategy administers vaccines to very y ...201526030354
hsp90, hsp60 and shsp families of heat shock protein genes in channel catfish and their expression after bacterial infections.heat shock proteins (hsps) are a suite of highly conserved proteins whose expressions are generally induced by elevated temperature. however, many hsps play important roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. on the basis of our previous work on hsp40 and hsp70 gene families in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), the objective of this study was to characterize hsp90, hsp60, hsp10, and small hsp genes, and to investigate their expression profiles after bacterial infections. a total of 20 hsp ...201525827625
identification and expression analysis of 26 oncogenes of the receptor tyrosine kinase family in channel catfish after bacterial infection and hypoxic stress.receptor tyrosine kinases (rtks) are high-affinity cell surface receptors for many polypeptide growth factors, cytokines and hormones. rtks are not only key regulators of normal cellular processes, but are also involved in the progression of many types of tumors, and responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. catfish is a primary aquaculture species in the united states, while its industry is drastically hindered by several major diseases including enteric septicemia of catfish (esc) that ...201525722053
effects of a phytogenic feed additive on growth performance, susceptibility of channel catfish to edwardsiella ictaluri and levels of mannose binding lectin.a study was conducted to investigate the effect of a phytogenic feed additive (digestarom® p.e.p. mge; containing the essential oils carvacrol, thymol, anethol, and limonene) on growth performance and disease susceptibility to edwardsiella ictaluri. two hundred and fifty juvenile channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus (7.2 ± 0.1 g) were allotted into the following treatments: control (floating diet) and eo (floating diet supplemented with essential oils). the fish were fed their respective diets f ...201525659231
identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of suppressors of cytokine signaling in channel catfish.the suppressors of cytokine signaling (socs) family genes play important roles in regulating a variety of signal transduction pathways that are involved in immunity, growth and development. because of their importance, they have been extensively studied in mammalian species, but they have not been systematically studied among teleost fish species. in this study, a total of 12 socs genes were characterized to understand the molecular mechanisms of socs function in channel catfish. phylogenetic an ...201525555134
expression of tumor suppressor genes in channel catfish after bacterial infections.tumor suppressor genes are negative regulators of tumor formation. while their anti-tumor functions have been well studied, they have been found to be also involved in immune responses and innate immunity. in this study, 21 tumor suppressor genes in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) were characterized. phylogenetic and syntenic analyses allowed annotation of all 21 catfish tumor suppressor genes. the expression profiles of the 21 catfish tumor suppressor genes were determined using the rna-s ...201525453578
repeated handling compromises the immune suppression and improves the disease resistance in overwintering channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).in winter, fish have suppressed immune functions and are susceptible to bacteria or virus which may lead to a high mortality. it is necessary to improve the immune response and disease resistance for overwintering fish. a recent study suggested that repeated handling increased the innate immune mechanisms and disease resistance in senegalese sole. therefore, the present study tested the hypothesis that appropriate repeated handling could compromise the immune depression and increase the disease ...201526364741
potential for great egrets (ardea alba) to transmit a virulent strain of aeromonas hydrophila among channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) culture ponds.aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative, anaerobic bacterium that is ubiquitous in freshwater and slightly brackish aquatic environments and infects fish, humans, reptiles, and birds. recent severe outbreaks of disease in commercial channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture ponds have been associated with a highly virulent a. hydrophila strain (vah), which is genetically distinct from less-virulent strains. the epidemiology of this disease has not been determined ...201525984772
characterization of mmp-9 gene from a normalized cdna library of kidney tissue of yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco).matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9), one of members of the mmp family, is important for the cleaving of structural extracellular matrix (ecm) molecules and involved in inflammatory processes. in this study, mmp-9 cdna was isolated and characterized from a normalized cdna library of kidney tissue of yellow catfish (designated as ycmmp-9). the complete sequence of ycmmp-9 cdna consisted of 2561 nucleotides. the open reading frame potentially encoded a protein of 685 amino acids with a calculated mo ...201525910849
complete genome sequence of fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila al06-06.aeromonas hydrophila occurs in freshwater environments and infects fish and mammals. here, we report the complete genome sequence of aeromonas hydrophila al06-06, which was isolated from diseased goldfish and is being used for comparative genomic studies with a. hydrophila strains that cause bacterial septicemia in channel catfish aquaculture.201525908146
potassium permanganate elicits a shift of the external fish microbiome and increases host susceptibility to columnaris disease.the external microbiome of fish is thought to benefit the host by hindering the invasion of opportunistic pathogens and/or stimulating the immune system. disruption of those microbial communities could increase susceptibility to diseases. traditional aquaculture practices include the use of potent surface-acting disinfectants such as potassium permanganate (pp, kmno4) to treat external infections. this study evaluated the effect of pp on the external microbiome of channel catfish and investigate ...201526170019
antibacterial activities of metabolites from platanus occidentalis (american sycamore) against fish pathogenic bacteria.one approach to the management of common fish diseases in aquaculture is the use of antibiotic-laden feed. however, there are public concerns about the use of antibiotics in agriculture and the potential development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. therefore, the discovery of other environmentally safe natural compounds as alternatives to antibiotics would benefit the aquaculture industries. four natural compounds, commonly called platanosides, [kaempferol 3-o-α-l-(2″,3″-di-e-p-coumaroyl)rhamno ...201527790379
identification of differentially abundant proteins of edwardsiella ictaluri during iron restriction.edwardsiella ictaluri is a gram-negative facultative anaerobe intracellular bacterium that causes enteric septicemia in channel catfish. iron is an essential inorganic nutrient of bacteria and is crucial for bacterial invasion. reduced availability of iron by the host may cause significant stress for bacterial pathogens and is considered a signal that leads to significant alteration in virulence gene expression. however, the precise effect of iron-restriction on e. ictaluri protein abundance is ...201526168192
a genome-wide association study in catfish reveals the presence of functional hubs of related genes within qtls for columnaris disease resistance.columnaris causes severe mortalities among many different wild and cultured freshwater fish species, but understanding of host resistance is lacking. catfish, the primary aquaculture species in the united states, serves as a great model for the analysis of host resistance against columnaris disease. channel catfish in general is highly resistant to the disease while blue catfish is highly susceptible. f2 generation of hybrids can be produced where phenotypes and genotypes are segregating, provid ...201525888203
identification and characterization of putative translocated effector proteins of the edwardsiella ictaluri type iii secretion system.edwardsiella ictaluri, a major pathogen in channel catfish aquaculture, encodes a type iii secretion system (t3ss) that is essential for intracellular replication and virulence. previous work identified three putative t3ss effectors in e. ictaluri, and in silico analysis of the e. ictaluri genome identified six additional putative effectors, all located on the chromosome outside the t3ss pathogenicity island. to establish active translocation by the t3ss, we constructed translational fusions of ...201627303737
classification of a hypervirulent aeromonas hydrophila pathotype responsible for epidemic outbreaks in warm-water fishes.lineages of hypervirulent aeromonas hydrophila (vah) are the cause of persistent outbreaks of motile aeromonas septicemia in warm-water fishes worldwide. over the last decade, this virulent lineage of a. hydrophila has resulted in annual losses of millions of tons of farmed carp and catfish in the people's republic of china and the united states (us). multiple lines of evidence indicate us catfish and asian carp isolates of a. hydrophila affiliated with sequence type 251 (st251) share a recent c ...201627803692
molecular cloning and characterization of a c-type lectin in yellow catfish tachysurus fulvidraco.this study represents the first report of a c-type lectin (ctl) in yellow catfish tachysurus fulvidraco. the complete sequence of ctl complementary (c)dna consisted of 685 nucleotides. the open reading frame potentially encoded a protein of 177 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of c.y 20.204 kda. the deduced amino-acid sequence contained a signal peptide and a single carbohydrate recognition domain with four cysteine residues and glnproasp (qpd) and trpasnasp (wnd) motifs. ctl showed ...201627418461
detection and quantification of virulent aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish tissues following waterborne challenge.the aim of this study was to understand the pathogenesis of motile aeromonas septicemia caused by an emergent, high virulent aeromonas hydrophila (vah) in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus adipose fin clipped catfish were challenged with vah using a waterborne challenge method, and the distribution of vah over a time course was detected and quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. the results showed that 77.8% of fish died within 48 h post challenge with mean day to death of 1.5 ...201627044300
a tandem-repeat galectin-9 involved in immune response of yellow catfish, pelteobagrus fulvidraco, against aeromonas hydrophila.galectins exclusively recognize and bind β-galactoside on cell surface by carbohydrate recognition domain (crd). in spite of extensive study of mammalian galectin importance in immune system, little is known about that of fish. to study the immune response of yellow catfish to pathogens, a tandem-repeat galectin-9 from yellow catfish was identified and named pfgal9. its full-length cdna was 1314 bp, including a 117 bp of 5' untranslated region (utr), a 951 bp of open reading frame (orf), and a 2 ...201626892795
protective efficacy of four recombinant fimbrial proteins of virulent aeromonas hydrophila strain ml09-119 in channel catfish.aeromonas hydrophila is a reemerging pathogen of channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus); recent outbreaks from 2009 to 2014 have caused the loss of more than 12 million pounds of market size catfish in alabama and mississippi. genome sequencing revealed a clonal group of a. hydrophila isolates with unique genetic and phenotypic features that is highly pathogenic in channel catfish. comparison of the genome sequence of a representative catfish isolate (ml09-119) from this virulent clonal group wit ...201627938688
multidrug-resistant aeromonas veronii recovered from channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) in china: prevalence and mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance.to emphasize the importance of the appropriate use of antibiotics in aquaculture systems, the prevalence of resistance to 25 antimicrobials was investigated in 42 aeromonas veronii strains isolated from farm-raised channel catfish in china in 2006-2012. all experiments were based on minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics), and susceptibility was assessed according to the clinical and laboratory standards institute. some isolates displayed antibiotic resistance to the latest-generation fluoroqui ...201627483342
edwardsiella ictaluri infection in pangasius catfish imported from west bengal into the southern caribbean.in response to a mortality event, seven pangasius catfish (pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were submitted to the university of the west indies, school of veterinary medicine, trinidad and tobago, for diagnostic evaluation. these fish were part of a consignment that arrived from kolkata two weeks earlier. fish presented with perianal haemorrhage and blister-like swellings on the skin which ruptured to leave ulcers. edwardsiella ictaluri was consistently recovered from the brain and skin. repetitive ...201627592704
ompn, outer membrane proteins of edwardsiella ictaluri are potential vaccine candidates for channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus).outer membrane proteins (omps) are a class of proteins that reside in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. omps act as epitopes and are potential vaccine candidates. outer membrane protein n (ompn) is a component of the outer membrane of edwardsiella ictaluri (e. ictaluri). in a previous study, the ompn1-, ompn2-, ompn3-encoding genes of e. ictaluri were cloned, and here they were expressed in escherichia coli. western blotting showed that these three proteins had molecular weights of ∼ ...201627567702
expression of bcl-2 genes in channel catfish after bacterial infection and hypoxia stress.bcl-2 proteins are of vital importance in regulation of apoptosis, and are involved in a number of biological processes such as carcinogenesis and immune responses. bcl-2 genes have been well studied in mammals, while they are not well investigated in teleost fish including channel catfish, the major aquaculture species in the united states. in this study, we identified 34 bcl-2 genes from the channel catfish genome, and verified their identities by conducting phylogenetic and syntenic analyses. ...201627353474
influence of lipopolysaccharide outer-core in the intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial peptides and virulence in edwardsiella ictaluri.the genus edwardsiella consists of bacteria with an intrinsic resistance to cyclic cationic antimicrobial peptides (camps). edwardsiella ictaluri, a pathogen of the catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and the causative agent of a systemic infection, is highly resistant to camps. previously, we determined that the oligo-polysaccharide (o-ps) of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) does not play a role in the e. ictaluri camp resistance and an intact core-lipid a structure is necessary for camps resistance. her ...201626945561
phosphoinositide 3-kinase family in channel catfish and their regulated expression after bacterial infection.the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (pi3ks) family of lipid kinases is widely conserved from yeast to mammals. in this work, we identified a total of 14 members of the pi3ks from the channel catfish genome and transcriptome and conducted phylogenetic and syntenic analyses of these genes. the expression profiles after infection with edwardsiella ictaluri and flavobacterium columnare were examined to determine the involvement of pi3ks in immune responses after bacterial infection in catfish. the results ...201626772478
septin genes in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) and their involvement in disease defense responses.septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of gtp-binding proteins. they are involved in diverse processes including cytokinesis, apoptosis, infection, neurodegeneration and neoplasia. in this study, through thorough data mining of existed channel catfish genomic resources, we identified a complete set of 15 septin genes. septins were classified into four subgroups according to phylogenetic analysis. extensive comparative genomic analysis, including domain and syntenic analysis, supported th ...201626700173
genome-wide identification of hsp70 genes in channel catfish and their regulated expression after bacterial infection.heat shock proteins 70/110 (hsp70/110) are a family of conserved ubiquitously expressed heat shock proteins which are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. besides the chaperone and housekeeping functions, they are also known to be involved in immune response during infection. in this study, we identified 16 hsp70/110 geness in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) through in silico analysis using rna-seq and genome databases. among them 12 members of hsp70 (hspa) fa ...201626693666
comparison of edwardsiella ictaluri isolates from different hosts and geographic origins.the intraspecific variability of e. ictaluri isolates from different origins was investigated. isolates were recovered from farm-raised catfish (ictalurus punctatus) in mississippi, usa, tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) cultured in the western hemisphere and zebrafish (danio rerio) propagated in florida, usa. these isolates were phenotypically homologous and antimicrobial profiles were largely similar. genetically, isolates possessed differences that could be exploited by repetitive-sequence-medi ...201626661707
expression profile analysis of two cathepsin s in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) mucosal tissues following bacterial challenge.cathepsin s belongs to the papain family of cysteine protease, and is considered to play key roles in immune responses after bacterial challenge. however, despite the recognized importance of cathepsin s in immunity, no studies have systematically characterized cathepsin s in catfish. in this regard, here, we characterized the cathepsin s gene family in channel catfish, and investigated their expression patterns following two different gram-negative bacterial challenge. in the present study, two ...201626626584
austrodiplostomum sp., bolbophorus sp. (digenea: diplostomidae), and clinostomum marginatum (digenea: clinostomidae) metacercariae in inland silverside menidia beryllina from catfish aquaculture ponds, with notes on the infectivity of austrodiplostomum sp. cercariae in channel catfish ictalurus punctatus.in the southeastern usa, catfish aquaculture is burdened by predation from piscivorous birds and the digenetic trematodes they carry. in addition to cultured ictalurid fish, other forage or incidental fish species inhabit catfish production ponds. of these, the inland silverside menidia beryllina was recently found to harbor larval metacercariae of several trematode species. three species of metacercariae were reported, two of which represent the first morphological descriptions of an austrodipl ...201627539726
cloning, molecular characterization, and expression analysis of the unc45 myosin chaperone b(unc45b)gene of grass carp (ctenopharyngodon idellus).unc45 myosin chaperone b(unc45b)gene is a molecular chaperone that mediates the folding, assembly and accumulation of thick-filament myosin in the formation of sarcomere, which plays an important role in the development of striated muscle and the stability of sarcomere. in this study, the complete cdna sequence of unc45b gene of grass carp was obtained by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), and the characteristics of the unc45b protein predicted from gene sequence was analyzed by bioinforma ...201627334505
characterization of the life cycle of a fish eye fluke, austrodiplostomum ostrowskiae (digenea: diplostomidae), with notes on two other diplostomids infecting biomphalaria havanensis (mollusca: planorbidae) from catfish aquaculture ponds in mississippi, usa.ocular diplostomiasis is caused by trematode species in the family diplostomidae, specifically those in the genera austrodiplostomum, diplostomum, and tylodelphys. diplostomid trematodes are globally distributed parasites of fish. heavy infections of diplostomids that parasitize the eyes of fish can result in acute mortality while chronic infections are often characterized by impaired vision or blindness. in the southeastern united states, commercial catfish production is threatened by piscivoro ...201626741049
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