Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| evaluation of genotoxicity of the acute gamma radiation on earthworm eisenia fetida using single cell gel electrophoresis technique (comet assay). | earthworms (eisenia fetida) most suitable biological indicators of radioactive pollution. radiation-induced lesions in dna can be considered to be molecular markers for early effects of ionizing radiation. gamma radiation produces a wide spectrum of dna. some of these lesions, i.e., dna strand breaks and alkali labile sites can be detected by the single-cell gel electrophoresis (scge) or comet assay by measuring the migration of dna from immobilized nuclear dna. e. fetida were exposed to differe ... | 2015 | 26653984 |
| biological effects of decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and pb on earthworm (eisenia fetida) in a soil system. | bde209 and pb are ubiquitous contaminants at e-waste recycling sites (ewrss). this study aimed to determine acute and sub-acute toxicity to earthworm eisenia fetida induced by bde209 and pb in natural soil. results demonstrated that the inhibition of pb on growth and reproduction of earthworms followed a dose-dependent pattern. earthworms exposed to 100 mg kg(-1) of bde209 displayed avoidance responses, while the soil indicated a more obvious decline of habitat function with the increase of pb l ... | 2015 | 26412261 |
| earthworms modify microbial community structure and accelerate maize stover decomposition during vermicomposting. | in the present study, maize stover was vermicomposted with the epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida. the results showed that, during vermicomposting process, the earthworms promoted decomposition of maize stover. analysis of microbial communities of the vermicompost by high-throughput pyrosequencing showed more complex bacterial community structure in the substrate treated by the earthworms than that in the control group. the dominant microbial genera in the treatment with the earthworms were pseudo ... | 2015 | 26139410 |
| thresholds of arsenic toxicity to eisenia fetida in field-collected agricultural soils exposed to copper mining activities in chile. | several previous studies highlighted the importance of using field-collected soils-and not artificially-contaminated soils-for ecotoxicity tests. however, the use of field-collected soils presents several difficulties for interpretation of results, due to the presence of various contaminants and unavoidable differences in the physicochemical properties of the tested soils. the objective of this study was to estimate thresholds of metal toxicity in topsoils of 24 agricultural areas historically c ... | 2015 | 26398238 |
| bioaccumulation and elimination of the herbicide clomazone in the earthworms eisenia fetida. | acute toxicity, bioaccumulation, and elimination of herbicide clomazone in the earthworm eisenia fetida were investigated in the different exposure systems. the lc50 values of clomazone on earthworms were 5.6 μg cm(-2) in the contact filter paper test (48 h), 174.9 mg kg(-1) (7 days) and 123.4 mg kg(-1) (14 days) in artificial soil test, respectively. clomazone could rapidly bioaccumulate in earthworms and reached the highest concentration after 3 days exposure, with the maximum concentrations o ... | 2015 | 26370279 |
| determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and earthworm (eisenia fetida) using a quechers-based method and gas chromatography with tandem ms. | soil and earthworms are important objects in soil pollution assessment and environmental behavior and toxicity study for polychlorinated biphenyls. accelerated solvent extraction and solid-phase extraction are generally required for the extraction and clean-up of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil and earthworm, which are tedious and time-consuming. in this work, a modified quechers (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) procedure combined with gas chromatography and triple quadrupole ... | 2015 | 26332829 |
| impacts of bde209 addition on pb uptake, subcellular partitioning and gene toxicity in earthworm (eisenia fetida). | lead (pb) and decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) are the mainly co-existed contaminants at e-waste recycling sites. the potential toxicity of pb (250 μg g(-1)) to earthworm eisenia fetida in the presence of bde209 (1, 10 and 100 μg g(-1)) was determined during 14-d incubation period. compared to pb treatment alone, the co-exposure with 1 μg g(-1) bde209 barely affected pb uptake, subcellular partitioning and gene expression; however, histopathological changes in earthworms' body wall (epidermal, c ... | 2015 | 26311194 |
| chiral insecticide α-cypermethrin and its metabolites: stereoselective degradation behavior in soils and the toxicity to earthworm eisenia fetida. | the enantioselective degradation of the widely used chiral insecticide α-cypermethrin in soils has been investigated, and its main metabolites cis-3-(2',2'-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-dcca) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-pba), which have potential environmental problems, have also been determined. the enantiomers of α-cypermethrin were separated on chiralcel od chiral columns by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) under normal phase, and the metabolites w ... | 2015 | 26302054 |
| characterization of two endoglucanases for the classification of the earthworm, eisenia fetida waki. | eisenia fetida and eisenia andrei are vermicomposting species that are used as model animals for testing chemical material toxicology. eisenia spp. are grown commercially in various fields in japan. however, these two species have not been classified because it is difficult to distinguish them morphologically; thus, all bred earthworms are called e. fetida. however, it has been proposed that these two species have different expression regulation mechanisms. here, we classified a sample of earthw ... | 2015 | 26295166 |
| toxicological effects of soil contaminated with spirotetramat to the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential toxicity of spirotetramat to the earthworm eisenia fetida in a natural soil environment. many biochemical markers, viz., superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), peroxidase (pod), glutathione s-transferase (gst), cellulase, and malondialdehyde (mda) contents were measured after exposure to 0.25, 1.25, and 2.5mgkg(-1) for 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28days. in addition, the comet assay was performed on earthworm coelomocytes to assess the level of gene ... | 2015 | 26081578 |
| the forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland with earthworms and different substrates. | a sequential extraction method was utilized to analyze seven forms of p in an integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (ivfcw) containing earthworms and different substrates. the aluminum-bound p (al-p) content was found to be lower, and the occluded p (oc-p) content was higher in the ivfcw. the addition of earthworms into the influent chamber of ivfcw increased the exchange p (ex-p), iron-bound p (fe-p), calcium bound p (ca-p), oc-p, detritus-bound (de-p) and organic p (org-p) content in th ... | 2015 | 26025066 |
| analysis of eisenia fetida earthworm responses to sub-lethal c60 nanoparticle exposure using (1)h-nmr based metabolomics. | the enhanced production and environmental release of buckminsterfullerene (c60) nanoparticles will likely increase the exposure and risk to soil dwelling organisms. we used (1)h nmr-based metabolomics to investigate the response of eisenia fetida earthworms to sub-lethal c60 nanoparticle exposure in both contact and soil tests. principal component analysis of (1)h nmr data showed clear separation between controls and exposed earthworms after just 2 days of exposure, however as exposure time incr ... | 2015 | 26024814 |
| toxicity and bioaccumulation of bromadiolone to earthworm eisenia fetida. | bromadiolone, a potent second-generation anticoagulant rodenticide, has been extensively used worldwide for the field control of rodents. invertebrates may be at risk from primary poisoning as a result of bromadiolone bait applications. however, there are few data regarding the toxicity and bioaccumulation of bromadiolone to earthworms. in this study, we reported that bromadiolone was toxic to earthworms at 1mg/kg soil, which is a likely concentration in the field following application of bromad ... | 2015 | 25965004 |
| indication of metal homeostasis disturbance in earthworm eisenia fetida after exposure to semi-solid depot sludge. | treated sewage sludge is commonly used in agriculture as fertilizer. it is, therefore, necessary to determine possible detrimental influences of sludge application on soil contamination and accumulation of contaminants in tissues of terrestrial animals, which in the long run could also have undesirable effects on humans. with that aim, the study was performed using earthworm eisenia fetida as test organism and semi-solid depot sludge from a wastewater treatment plant as exposure media. the conce ... | 2015 | 25931022 |
| the synergistic toxicity of the multiple chemical mixtures: implications for risk assessment in the terrestrial environment. | the combined toxicity of five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, and phoxim), two herbicides (atrazine and butachlor) and a heavy metal (cadmium) has been examined with the earthworm acute toxicity test. toxicological interactions of these chemicals in four, five, six, seven, and eight-component mixtures were studied using the combination-index (ci) equation method. in four-component and five-component mixtures, the synergistic effects predominated at lower effe ... | 2015 | 25667058 |
| effects of silver nanoparticles to soil invertebrates: oxidative stress biomarkers in eisenia fetida. | silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are among the most produced nps worldwide having several applications in consumer products. ag-nps are known to cause oxidative stress in several organisms and cell lines, however comparatively less information is available regarding their effects on soil living invertebrates. the purpose of this study was to investigate if ag-nps cause oxidative stress on soil invertebrates. the model soil species eisenia fetida was used. our results showed that total glutathione ( ... | 2015 | 25618366 |
| inhibition and recovery of biomarkers of earthworm eisenia fetida after exposure to thiacloprid. | thiacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, has been used widely in agriculture worldwide. in recent years, the adverse effects of neonicotinoid insecticides on non-target organisms have attracted more and more attention. in the present study, effects of thiacloprid on molecular biomarkers (gst, care, cat, sod, pod, and dna damage) of earthworm eisenia fetida were investigated using the artificial oecd soil for the first time. earthworms were exposed to thiacloprid (1 and 3 mg/kg) for 7, 14, and 2 ... | 2015 | 25613803 |
| toxicity of a neonicotinoid insecticide, guadipyr, in earthworm (eisenia fetida). | neonicotinoid insecticides are new class of pesticides and it is very meaningful to evaluate the toxicity of guadipyr to earthworm (eisenia fetida). in the present study, effects of guadipyr on reproduction, growth, catalase(cat), superoxide dismutase (sod), acetylcholinesterase (ache) and dna damage in earthworm were assessed using an artificial soil medium. guadipyr showed low toxicity to earthworms and did not elicit an effect on earthworm reproduction or growth in artificial soils at concent ... | 2015 | 25594687 |
| bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) in biosolids-amended soils to earthworms (eisenia fetida). | the bioavailability of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos) and perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) in seven biosolids-amended soils without any additionally spiking to earthworms (eisenia fetida) was studied. the uptake and elimination kinetics of pfos and pfoa fit a one-compartment first-order kinetic model. pfos displayed higher uptake and lower elimination rate coefficients, and longer time to reach steady-state (t(ss)) than those of pfoa. the bioaccumulation factors (bafs) of pfos and pfoa ranged 1.5 ... | 2015 | 25439283 |
| bioaccumulation of perfluoroalkyl acids by earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to contaminated soils. | the presence of perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) in biosolids-amended and aqueous film-forming foam (afff)-impacted soils results in two potential pathways for movement of these environmental contaminants into terrestrial foodwebs. uptake of pfaas by earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to unspiked soils with varying levels of pfaas (a control soil, an industrially impacted biosolids-amended soil, a municipal biosolids-amended soil, and two afff-impacted soils) was measured. standard 28 day exposure ... | 2015 | 25517891 |
| utilizing heavy metal-laden water hyacinth biomass in vermicomposting. | we studied the efficiency of water treatment by water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes) from heavy metals (zn, cd, pb, cu), as well as a possibility of using water hyacinth biomass obtained during treatment for vermicomposting by eisenia fetida and the vermicompost quality in a model experiment. the results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the trials with water hyacinth decreased within 35 days. we introduced water hyacinth biomass to the organic substrate for vermicomposting, whic ... | 2015 | 25501861 |
| uptake and depuration kinetics of lead (pb) and biomarker responses in the earthworm eisenia fetida after simultaneous exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209). | lead (pb) and bde209 (decabromodiphenyl ether) are the main contaminants at e-waste recycling sites, and their potential toxicological effects on terrestrial organisms have received extensive attention. however, the impact on earthworms of exposure to the two chemicals remains almost unknown. therefore, indoor incubation tests were performed on control and contaminated soil samples to determine the uptake and toxicity of pb in the presence of bde209 to the earthworm eisenia fetida. the results h ... | 2015 | 25483371 |
| uptake and retention of radio-caesium in earthworms cultured in soil contaminated by the fukushima nuclear power plant accident. | to understand the effects of radionuclides on non-human biota and the environment, it is essential to study the intake and metabolism of radio-isotopes in earthworms which are among the most important soil organisms, and eisenia fetida, which were used in this study, are known to be sufficiently sensitive to chemicals and representative of common earthworms. in this study, we assessed the concentration ratios, uptake and retention, absorbed dose rate, and distribution of radio-caesium in earthwo ... | 2015 | 25464049 |
| assessment of different organic supplements for degradation of parthenium hysterophorus by vermitechnology. | globally, there are a number of treatments indicated for the control of invasive alien plant species like parthenium. the production and use of vermicomposts from weeds or other wastes in agriculture is economical and eco-friendly. the unique advantage of using vermicomposting is that it helps to build and sustain soil condition and fertility for sustainable agricultural activities. the present study was an attempt to produce the vermicompost from parthenium, farm and animal wastes and to analyz ... | 2015 | 25988005 |
| transcriptional responses of earthworm (eisenia fetida) exposed to naphthenic acids in soil. | in this study, earthworms (eisenia fetida) were exposed to commercial nas contaminated soil, and changes in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and gene expressions of their defense system were monitored. the effects on the gene expression involved in reproduction and carcinogenesis were also evaluated. significant increases in ros levels was observed in nas exposure groups, and the superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) genes were both up-regulated at low and medium exposure dose ... | 2015 | 25984985 |
| ternary toxicological interactions of insecticides, herbicides, and a heavy metal on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the combined toxicities of five insecticides (chlorpyrifos, avermectin, imidacloprid, λ-cyhalothrin, and phoxim), two herbicides (atrazine and butachlor), and a heavy metal (cadmium) have been examined using the acute toxicity test on the earthworm. with a concentration of 2.75 mg/kg being lethal for 50% of the organisms, imidacloprid exhibited the highest acute toxicity toward the earthworm eisenia fetida. toxicological interactions of these chemicals in ternary mixtures were studied using the ... | 2015 | 25463238 |
| reproductive responses of the earthworm (eisenia fetida) to antiparasitic albendazole exposure. | albendazole (abz) is a veterinary drug with a high efficiency against helminths. here reproductive responses of earthworms eisenia fetida to abz exposure (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg kg(-1) soil dry weight) were investigated for 56 d in chronic reproduction test, and deformed sperm were counted and morphological alterations in the seminal vesicles were qualitatively assessed by light and transmission electron microscopy. results have showed that cocoon number of earthworms was more sensitive to low ... | 2015 | 25462294 |
| determination of biomarkers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) toxicity to earthworm (eisenia fetida). | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah) compounds are persistent, carcinogenic, and mutagenic. when pahs enter agricultural soils through sewage sludge, they pose an environmental risk to soil organisms, including earthworms. therefore, we aimed to determine the toxic effects of pahs on earthworms. five pahs were used: fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene. only fluorene and phenanthrene exhibited toxicity (lc50 values 394.09 and 114.02 g l(-1), respectively) against the ear ... | 2015 | 25920560 |
| short-term soil bioassays may not reveal the full toxicity potential for nanomaterials; bioavailability and toxicity of silver ions (agno₃) and silver nanoparticles to earthworm eisenia fetida in long-term aged soils. | this study investigated if standard risk assessment hazard tests are long enough to adequately provide the worst case exposure for nanomaterials. this study therefore determined the comparative effects of the aging on the bioavailability and toxicity to earthworms of soils dosed with silver ions and silver nanoparticles (ag np) for 1, 9, 30 & 52 weeks, and related this to the total ag in the soil, ag in soil pore water and earthworm tissue ag concentrations. for ionic ag, a classical pattern of ... | 2015 | 25910462 |
| enrofloxacin at environmentally relevant concentrations enhances uptake and toxicity of cadmium in the earthworm eisenia fetida in farm soils. | individual and combined effects of enrofloxacin (ef) and cadmium (cd) on the earthworm eisenia fetida at environmentally relevant concentrations were investigated. ef is a veterinary antibiotic; cd is an impurity in phosphatic fertiliser. for both, residues may accumulate in farm soils. in laboratory tests, over 98% of spiked ef was adsorbed by farm soils, with a half-life >8 weeks. however, earthworms absorbed less than 20% of spiked ef. earthworms in soil with ef concentration 10 mg kg(-1) soi ... | 2016 | 26852206 |
| microbial enzyme and biomass responses: deciphering the effects of earthworms and seasonal variation on treating excess sludge. | this paper reports on a seasonal pattern comparison of microbial enzymatic activities and biomass responses based on a conventional biofilter (bf, without earthworm) and a vermifilter (vf, with earthworm, eisenia fetida) for excess sludge treatment. the volatile suspended solids (vss) reduction, viable cell number and enzyme activities were assayed to probe what made the vf operate stably. the results indicated that the earthworm activities can polish the vss reduction with 27.17% more than the b ... | 2016 | 26840985 |
| vermicomposting as an advanced biological treatment for industrial waste from the leather industry. | the leather industry (tanneries) generates high amounts of toxic wastes, including solid and liquid effluents that are rich in organic matter and mineral content. vermicomposting was studied as an alternative method of treating the wastes from tanneries. vermicompost was produced from the following tannery residues: tanned chips of wet-blue leather, sludge from a liquid residue treatment station, and a mixture of both. five hundred earthworms (eisenia fetida) were added to each barrel. during th ... | 2016 | 26828795 |
| purifying capability, enzyme activity, and nitrification potentials in december in integrated vertical flow constructed wetland with earthworms and different substrates. | the response of purifying capability, enzyme activity, nitrification potentials, and total number of bacteria in the rhizosphere in december to wetland plants, substrates, and earthworms was investigated in integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands (ivfcw). the removal efficiency of total nitrogen (tn), nh4-n, chemical oxygen demand (cod), and total phosphorus (tp) was increased when earthworms were added into ivfcw. a significantly average removal efficiency of n in ivfcw that employed rive ... | 2016 | 26573309 |
| mercury in eisenia fetida and soil in the vicinity of a natural gas treatment plant in northern croatia. | in the last two decades (1990-2012), as part of a mercury monitoring programme, earthworms and soils have been collected from four locations in the vicinity of a natural gas production and treatment plant near the village of molve, croatia. the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of mercury in the collected samples, monitor its changes over a longer period of time and determine the bioaccumulation of total mercury in earthworms (eisenia fetida) from the soil. total mercury conce ... | 2016 | 26571043 |
| dna damage and oxidative stress induced by imidacloprid exposure in the earthworm eisenia fetida. | to investigate the soil ecological effect of imidacloprid, earthworm eisenia fetida was exposed to various concentrations of imidacloprid (0.10, 0.50, and 1.00 mg kg(-1) soil) respectively after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d. the effect of imidacloprid on reactive oxygen species (ros) generation, antioxidant enzymes activity [superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat), glutathione s-transferase enzyme (gst)], malondialdehyde (mda) content and dna damage of the e. fetida was investigated. significant in ... | 2016 | 26397468 |
| multibiomarker response in the earthworm eisenia fetida as tool for assessing multi-walled carbon nanotube ecotoxicity. | carbon nanotubes have received a great attention in the last years thanks to their remarkable structural, electrical, and chemical properties. nowadays carbon nanotubes are increasingly found in terrestrial and aquatic environment and potential harmful impacts of these nanoparticles on humans and wildlife are attracting increasing research and public attention. the effects of carbon nanotubes on aquatic organisms have been explored by several authors, but comparatively the information available ... | 2016 | 26892788 |
| biochemical responses and dna damage in earthworms (eisenia fetida) induced by ionic liquid [omim]pf6. | ionic liquids that are not that "green" to many organisms have recently been identified. this study examined the subchronic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([omim]pf6) to earthworms (eisenia fetida). earthworms were exposed for a 28-day period (sampled on days 7, 14, 21, and 28) at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg. the levels of reactive oxygen species (ros), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), guaiacol peroxid ... | 2016 | 26667645 |
| accumulation of 2,4-dinitroanisole in the earthworm eisenia fetida from chemically spiked and aged natural soils. | an initiative within the us military is targeting the replacement of traditional munitions constituents with insensitive munitions to reduce the risk of accidental detonation. the bioavailability and bioaccumulative potential of the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole (dnan) to eisenia fetida was assessed in soils with different geochemical characteristics. prior to exposure, soils were chemically spiked with dnan and aged for 1 wk or 29 wk. transformation products 2- and 4-amino-n ... | 2016 | 26666709 |
| oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in earthworm eisenia fetida at different di-n-butyl phthalate exposure levels. | recognized as ubiquitous contaminants in soil, the environmental risk of phthalic acid esters (paes) is of great concern recently. effects of di-n-butyl phthalate (dnbp), an extensively used pae compound to eisenia fetida have been investigated in spiked natural brown yellow soil (alfisol) for soil contact test. the toxicity of dnbp to e. fetida on the activity of superoxide dismutase (sod) activity, peroxidase (pod), reactive oxygen species (ros) content, and the apoptosis of coelomocytes and d ... | 2016 | 26982081 |
| sewage sludge toxicity assessment using earthworm eisenia fetida: can biochemical and histopathological analysis provide fast and accurate insight? | sewage sludge (ss) is a complex organic by-product of wastewater treatment plants. deposition of large amounts of ss can increase the risk of soil contamination. therefore, there is an increasing need for fast and accurate assessment of ss toxic potential. toxic effects of ss were tested on earthworm eisenia fetida tissue, at the subcellular and biochemical level. earthworms were exposed to depot sludge (ds) concentration ratio of 30 or 70 %, to undiluted and to 100 and 10 times diluted active s ... | 2016 | 26971513 |
| ecotoxicological effects of earthworm following long-term dechlorane plus exposure. | dechlorane plus (dp), similar to persistent organic pollutants, has been widely detected in environmental matrices, especially in sediment and soil. in this study, earthworms eisenia fetida were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 6.25 and 12.5 mg kg(-1) dp for 28 d. lethality, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and cellulase of e. fetida were assessed to investigate ecotoxicological effects of dp after long-term exposure. results showed that the direct toxicity of dp was very low. however, death rate, as well as ... | 2016 | 26619313 |
| joint acute toxicity of the herbicide butachlor and three insecticides to the terrestrial earthworm, eisenia fetida. | the herbicide butachlor and three insecticides phoxim, chlorpyrifos, and lambda-cyhalotrhin are widely used pesticides with different modes of action. as most previous laboratory bioassays for these pesticides have been conducted solely based on acute tests with a single compound, only limited information is available on the possible combined toxicity of these common chemicals to soil organisms. in this study, we evaluated their mixture toxicity on the terrestrial earthworm, eisenia fetida, with ... | 2016 | 26946506 |
| gene expression profile changes in eisenia fetida chronically exposed to pfoa. | eisenia fetida is a terrestrial organism, which can be used to diagnose sub-lethal concentrations of pfoa by using molecular biomarkers. in order to identify potential molecular biomarkers, we have exposed e. fetida to 10 mg/kg of pfoa in soil for 8 months. the mrna isolation, sequencing, transcriptome assembly followed by differential gene expression studies have revealed that genes that are involved in apoptotic process, reproduction, calcium signalling, neuronal development and lipid metaboli ... | 2016 | 26942927 |
| comparative toxicity and bioaccumulation of fenvalerate and esfenvalerate to earthworm eisenia fetida. | more attention is being paid to the enantioselective toxicity of chiral pesticides. however, limited investigations have been done to assess the ecological risks of chiral pesticides to soil community. fenvalerate (fv), an extensively used synthetic pyrethroid, is a typical chiral pesticide. the most insecticidally active enantiomer of fv, esfenvalerate (esfv), also has been marketed and widely used. in this study, the toxicological sensitivity and bioaccumulation of fv and esfv in earthworms we ... | 2016 | 26900980 |
| lethal and sub-lethal effects of five pesticides used in rice farming on the earthworm eisenia fetida. | the toxicity of five pesticides typically used in rice farming (trichlorfon, dimethoate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and prochloraz) was evaluated on different lethal and sub-lethal endpoints of the earthworm eisenia fetida. the evaluated endpoints included: avoidance behaviour after an exposure period of 2 days; and mortality, weight loss, enzymatic activities (cholinesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase) and histopathological effects after an exposure period of 14 days. carben ... | 2016 | 26874341 |
| earthworm preference bioassays to evaluate land management practices. | earthworm preference tests, especially in soil-dosed exposures, can be an informative tool for assessing land management practices. agricultural management intended to increase crop yield and improve soil sustainability includes physical manipulation of topsoil through conventional tillage, reduced or no-tillage, and/or winter cover crops. soil amendments include the addition of inorganic nitrogen or organic nitrogen derived from soil amendments including biosolids from sewage treatment plants, ... | 2016 | 26873732 |
| effect of zero valent iron nanoparticles to eisenia fetida in three soil types. | in this study, the influence of soil types on the effect of the commercial form of c-nzvi on tissue concentrations, cellular component, reproduction outcome in eisenia fetida, and the soil health was investigated. c-nzvi at concentration level of 3 g kg(-1) soil showed no effect on the survival of e. fetida in the three soil types. however, varying effects such as concentration-dependent increase in tissue iron concentration, lipid peroxidation, and damage to dna molecules by c-nzvi were observe ... | 2016 | 26856861 |
| effects of soil properties on copper toxicity to earthworm eisenia fetida in 15 chinese soils. | the bioavailability and toxicity of metals in soil are influenced by a variety of soil properties, and this principle should be recognized in establishing soil environmental quality criteria. in the present study, the uptake and toxicity of cu to the earthworm eisenia fetida in 15 chinese soils with various soil properties were investigated, and regression models for predicting cu toxicity across soils were developed. the results showed that earthworm survival and body weight change were less se ... | 2016 | 26688255 |
| biochemical and genetic toxicity of the ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride on earthworms (eisenia fetida). | ionic liquids also known as "green solvents," are used in many fields. however, the dispersion of ionic liquids in soil systems is likely to cause damage to soil organisms. the objective of the present study was to investigate the toxicity of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([c8 mim]cl) on earthworms (eisenia fetida). for this purpose, earthworms were exposed to different concentrations of [c8 mim]cl (0 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg artificial soil) and sampled at 7 d, 14 ... | 2016 | 26671879 |
| comparative avoidance behaviour of the earthworm eisenia fetida towards chloride, nitrate and sulphate salts of cd, cu and zn using filter paper and extruded water agar gels as exposure media. | we studied the avoidance behaviour of the earthworm eisenia fetida towards cd, cu, and zn, trace elements (tes) tested as chloride, nitrate and sulphate salts. sub adults were exposed individually using dual-cell chambers at 20+2°c in the dark. recordings were realised at different dates from 2h to 32h. we used filter paper and extruded water agar gel as exposure media to evaluate the contribution of the dermal and the digestive exposure routes on the avoidance reactions. exposures to cu or cd ( ... | 2016 | 26995062 |
| heavy metal variation and characterization change of dissolved organic matter (dom) obtained from composting or vermicomposting pig manure amended with maize straw. | a mixture of pig manure and maize straw was vermicomposted with eisenia fetida or naturally composted for 60 days; basic parameters, heavy metal variation, dissolved organic matter (dom) content, and its characterization were determined, aiming to explore different dynamics of dom characterization and heavy metal variation during composting or vermicomposting. the results showed that vermicomposting led to higher ph, tc, and available p but lower ec, tn, available n, and available k in the subst ... | 2016 | 26971511 |
| behaviors of n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide ethanol (n-etfose) in a soil-earthworm system: transformation and bioaccumulation. | n-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido ethanol (n-etfose) is a typical precursor of perfluorooctane sulfonate (pfos). in this study, the behaviors of n-etfose in a soil-earthworm system, including biodegradation in soil and bioaccumulation and biotransformation in earthworms (eisenia fetida) were investigated. n-etfose could be biodegraded in soil and biotransformed in earthworms to several metabolites, including n-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide acetate (n-etfosaa), perfluorooctane sulfonamide ac ... | 2016 | 26950632 |
| survival, growth, detoxifying and antioxidative responses of earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to soils with industrial ddt contamination. | the survival, growth, activity of the biotransformation system phase ii enzyme glutathione-s-transferase (gst) and the oxidative defense enzyme catalase (cat) of earthworms exposed to the contaminated soils from a former ddt plant and reference soils were investigated, and compared with the corresponding indicators in simulated soil-earthworm system, unpolluted natural soils with spiked-in ddt series, to identify the toxic effects of ddt on earthworms and their cellular defense system in complex ... | 2016 | 26969436 |
| improvement of the soil nitrogen content and maize growth by earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils polluted by oxytetracycline. | interactions between earthworms (eisenia fetida) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (rhizophagus intraradices, am fungi) have been suggested to improve the maize nitrogen (n) content and biomass and were studied in soils polluted by oxytetracycline (otc). maize was planted and amended with amf and/or earthworms (e) in the soil with low (1mgkg(-1) soil dm) or high (100mgkg(-1) soil dm) amounts of otc pollution in comparison to soil without otc. the root colonization, shoot and root biomass, shoot a ... | 2016 | 27496075 |
| bioavailability of ceo2 and sno2 nanoparticles evaluated by dietary uptake in the earthworm eisenia fetida and sequential extraction of soil and feed. | the growing number of nanotechnology products on the market will inevitably lead to the release of engineered nanomaterials with potential risk to humans and environment. this study set out to investigate the exposure of soil biota to engineered nanoparticles (nps). cerium dioxide (ceo2 nps) and tin dioxide nanoparticles (sno2 nps) were radiolabelled using neutron activation, and employed to assess the uptake and excretion kinetics in the earthworm eisenia fetida. through sequential extraction, ... | 2016 | 27474912 |
| antioxidant and gene expression responses of eisenia fetida following repeated exposure to bde209 and pb in a soil-earthworm system. | this study first adopted repeated treatment model to investigate stress responses in earthworms (eisenia fetida) following exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and lead (pb), which are the mainly co-existed contaminants at e-waste recycling sites. we evaluated the impacts of bde209-pb on antioxidative enzyme (superoxide dismutase, sod; catalase, cat) activities, malondialdehyde (mda) contents and transcriptional levels of three target genes (sod, cat and hsp70), and further explored the ... | 2016 | 26971217 |
| multilevel ecotoxicity assessment of environmentally relevant bisphenol a concentrations using the soil invertebrate eisenia fetida. | bisphenol a (bpa) presents a serious threat to soil ecosystems, yet its effects on soil-inhabiting organisms are mostly unexplored. therefore, the impact of environmentally relevant bpa concentrations on a terrestrial model organism, the earthworm eisenia fetida, was assessed. animals were cutaneously exposed to 100nm and 10μm bpa up to 10days (10-d). next, a battery of biomarkers was used for ecotoxicological evaluation on a cellular, tissue and behavioural level. hplc analysis showed that afte ... | 2016 | 27450340 |
| does uptake of pharmaceuticals vary across earthworm species? | this study compared the uptake and depuration of four commonly used pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and orlistat) in two earthworm species (lumbricus terrestris and eisenia fetida). l. terrestris are a larger species and often found in deep burrows whereas e. fetida prefer to reside near the soil surface. species burrowing habits and sizes may alter uptake by earthworms. all four pharmaceuticals were taken up into both l. terrestris and e. fetida tissue after 21 days expos ... | 2016 | 27443341 |
| effect of vermicomposting on concentration and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge with additive materials. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the total content and speciation of heavy metals (as, cr, cd, cu, fe, mn, ni, pb and zn) during vermicomposting of sewage sludge by eisenia fetida earthworm with different additive materials (soil, straw, fly ash and sawdust). results showed that the ph, total organic carbon were reduced, while the electric conductivity and germination index increased after a combined composting - vermicomposting process. the addition of bulking agents accelerated the stabili ... | 2016 | 27434304 |
| toxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid towards earthworm and enzymatic activities in soil. | perfluorooctanoic acid (pfoa) is a widespread persistent organic contaminant in the environment that has recently raised much of regulatory and public concern. therefore, assessment of its ecological risk is a top priority research. hence, this study investigated the toxicity of pfoa to beneficial microbial processes in the soil such as activities of dehydrogenase, urease and potential nitrification in addition to earthworm survival, weight loss and pfoa bioaccumulation in two contrasting soils. ... | 2016 | 27329475 |
| diverse impacts of a step and repeated bde209-pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of bde209 in earthworms. | decabromodiphenyl ether (bde209) and lead (pb) are the two common contaminants at e-waste recycling sites (ewrss). a laboratory incubation study was conducted to explore the impacts of a step and repeated bde209-pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of bde209 in earthworms eisenia fetida for the first time. the results indicated that bde209 concentrations in repetitively-polluted soils were clearly higher. and the existence of high-level pb could promote the bioaccumulation of bde209 in ea ... | 2016 | 27295440 |
| protective effect of composite earthworm powder against diabetic complications via increased fibrinolytic function and improvement of lipid metabolism in zdf rats. | thrombosis is the leading cause of mortality globally. it is not only a complication but also a risk factor for progression of diabetes. however, alternative oral therapies and prophylaxis with less adverse effect for thrombosis have not been well studied. in this study, composite powder containing earthworm (cep) was used and its fibrinolytic activity was measured. cep was found to have a high urokinase-type plasminogen activator like activity in an in vitro assay. it also had significantly sho ... | 2016 | 27292184 |
| investigation on the difference between biofilm morphologies of the vermifilter and conventional biofilter with the flow cytometer. | with the demand of new sludge reduction processes, a vermifilter (vf) was studied based on a conventional biofilter (bf). the biofilm morphology was investigated using a new technique, the flow cytometer (fcm), to find a way to optimize vf structure. vf was inoculated with eisenia fetida, packed with ceramsites, and operated stably at the organic load of 1.2kg-vssm(-3)d(-1) with bf as the control. compared with bf, vf had about 13% more removal efficiency of excess sludge and 45% shorter biofilm ... | 2016 | 27259185 |
| study on the influential factors of cd(2+) on the earthworm eisenia fetida in oxidative stress based on factor analysis approach. | when earthworms are exposed to pollutants, their antioxidant system will have responses immediately. consequently earthworms are widely used to monitor various pollutants as a sensitive bio-indicator. however, there are a large number of indices associated with the oxidative stress response. finding out the key monitoring indices in the stress process becomes a practical demand of the pollution monitoring and warning process. factor analysis approach is a statistical method that uses a few facto ... | 2016 | 27219294 |
| optimal growth condition of earthworms and their vermicompost features during recycling of five different fresh fruit and vegetable wastes. | this study aimed to promote vermicomposting performance for recycling fresh fruit and vegetable wastes (fvws) and to assess microbial population and community of final products. five fresh fvws including banana peels, cabbage, lettuce, potato, and watermelon peels were chosen as earthworms' food. the fate test of earthworms showed that 30 g fresh fvws/day was the optimal loading and the banana peels was harmful for the survival of eisenia fetida. the followed vermicomposting test revealed lower ... | 2016 | 27184146 |
| individual and combined toxic effects of herbicide atrazine and three insecticides on the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | in the present study, we evaluated the individual and combined toxic effects of herbicide atrazine and three insecticides (chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid) on the earthworm, eisenia fetida. results from 48-h filter paper test indicated that imidacloprid had the highest toxicity to e. fetida with an lc50 of 0.05 (0.041-0.058) μg a.i. cm(-2), followed by lambda-cyhalothrin and atrazine with lc50 values ranging from 4.89 (3.52-6.38) to 4.93 (3.76-6.35) μg a.i. cm(-2), while chlorp ... | 2016 | 27068296 |
| assessment of metal toxicity and bioavailability in metallophyte leaf litters and metalliferous soils using eisenia fetida in a microcosm study. | the leaf litters of tree species, acacia pycnantha (ap) and eucalyptus camaldulensis (ec), predominantly growing at an abandoned copper (cu) mine and mine soils including controls, were assessed for determining the metal toxicity and bioavailability using earthworm species eisenia fetida, in a microcosm. significant reduction in body weight as well as mortality were observed when the worms were introduced into mine soil or its combination with mine ap litter. virtually, there were no juveniles w ... | 2016 | 27057994 |
| effects of soil properties on the uptake of pharmaceuticals into earthworms. | pharmaceuticals can enter the soil environment when animal slurries and sewage sludge are applied to land as a fertiliser or during irrigation with contaminated water. these pharmaceuticals may then be taken up by soil organisms possibly resulting in toxic effects and/or exposure of organisms higher up the food chain. this study investigated the influence of soil properties on the uptake and depuration of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, diclofenac, fluoxetine and orlistat) in the earthworm eisen ... | 2016 | 27049789 |
| cryo-em structure of lysenin pore elucidates membrane insertion by an aerolysin family protein. | lysenin from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm eisenia fetida belongs to the aerolysin family of small β-pore-forming toxins (β-pfts), some members of which are pathogenic to humans and animals. despite efforts, a high-resolution structure of a channel for this family of proteins has been elusive and therefore the mechanism of activation and membrane insertion remains unclear. here we determine the pore structure of lysenin by single particle cryo-em, to 3.1 å resolution. the nonameric assembl ... | 2016 | 27048994 |
| toxicological and biochemical responses of the earthworm eisenia fetida exposed to contaminated soil: effects of arsenic species. | arsenic is a pollutant that can be detected in different chemical forms in soil. however, the toxicological effects of different arsenic species on organisms have received little attention. in this study, we exposed earthworms eisenia fetida to artificial soils contaminated by arsenite [as(iii)], arsenate [as(v)], monomethylarsonate (mma) and dimethylarsinate (dma) for 28 and 56 days. three biomarkers including lipid peroxidation (lpo), metallothioneins (mts) and lysosomal membrane stability (lm ... | 2016 | 27045633 |
| earthworm ecology affects the population structure of their verminephrobacter symbionts. | earthworms carry species-specific verminephrobacter symbionts in their nephridia (excretory organs). the symbionts are vertically transmitted via the cocoon, can only colonize the host during early embryonic development, and have co-speciated with their host for about 100 million years. although several studies have addressed verminephrobacter diversity between worm species, the intra-species diversity of the symbiont population has never been investigated. in this study, symbiont population str ... | 2016 | 27040820 |
| ecotoxicological evaluation of foundry sands and cosmetic sludges using new earthworm biomarkers. | the management and final disposal of industrial wastes are a matter of considerable human concern. the present study evaluates the cyto/genotoxic effects and changes of the coelomic cell formulas exerted by aqueous leachates and solid waste (sw) of two industrial residues using coelomocytes extruded from eisenia fetida. the assayed wastes corresponded to industrial foundry and cosmetic activities. after 14 days of exposure, we obtained a group of endpoints that reflect the toxicity/genotoxicity, ... | 2016 | 27030125 |
| influence of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms eisenia fetida and taxonomic diversity of the gut microflora. | the study was conducted to examine the effect of zinc nanoparticles on survival of worms eisenia fetida and composition of the gut microflora. analysis of the survival data has shown that the introduction of high doses of the nanoparticles causes death of worms in the second group with 35 % mortality rate and activates protective mechanisms realized as mucous film. dna from the worm guts was extracted and 16s metagenomic sequencing was fulfilled using miseq (illumina). regarding the gut microflo ... | 2016 | 27023811 |
| interactions between sewage sludge-amended soil and earthworms--comparison between eisenia fetida and eisenia andrei composting species. | vermicomposting is an eco-friendly technology, where earthworms are introduced in the waste, inter alia sewage sludge, to cooperate with microorganisms and enhance decomposition of organic matter. the main aims of the present study was to determine the influence of two different earthworm species, eisenia fetida and eisenia andrei, on the changes of selected metallic trace elements content in substratum during vermicomposting process using three different sewage sludge mainly differentiated by t ... | 2016 | 26517992 |
| bioaccumulation and enantioselectivity of type i and type ii pyrethroid pesticides in earthworm. | in this study, the bioavailability and enantioselectivity differences between bifenthrin (bf, typeⅰpyrethroid) and lambad-cyhalothrin (lct, type ⅱ pyrethroid) in earthworm (eisenia fetida) were investigated. the bio-soil accumulation factors (bsafs) of bf was about 4 times greater than that of lct. lct was degraded faster than bf in soil while eliminated lower in earthworm samples. compound sorption plays an important role on bioavailability in earthworm, and the soil-adsorption coefficient (k(o ... | 2016 | 26490429 |
| addressing the role of earthworms in treating domestic wastewater by analyzing biofilm modification through chemical and spectroscopic methods. | vermifiltration eco-friendly system is an alternative and low-cost artificial ecosystem for decentralized wastewater treatment and excess sludge reduction. the biofilm characteristics of a vermifilter (vf) with earthworms, eisenia fetida, for domestic wastewater treatment were studied. a conventional biofilter (bf) without earthworms served as the control. pore number in vf biofilm was significantly more than bf biofilm, and vf biofilm showed a better level-administrative structure through scann ... | 2016 | 26538257 |
| diastereomer- and enantiomer-specific accumulation, depuration, bioisomerization, and metabolism of hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) in two ecologically different species of earthworms. | in this study, two ecological types of earthworms were exposed to soil samples that were artificially contaminated with individual hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) diastereomers (α-, β-, and γ-hbcds) to investigate the bioaccumulation, depuration, enantiomer selectivity and isomerization of hbcds in earthworms. the uptake rate constant (ku), bioaccumulation factor (baf), biota soil accumulation factor (bsaf), and half-life (t1/2) for the α-hbcd were the highest among the three diastereomers. the bi ... | 2016 | 26520267 |
| combined subacute toxicity of copper and antiparasitic albendazole to the earthworm (eisenia fetida). | copper (cu) is one of the most common metal contaminants, and albendazole (abz) is a veterinary drug with a high efficacy against helminthes. it is believed that the two may co-exist in soil. in this study, the combined subacute toxicity of cu exposure (0, 80, 120, 160 mg kg(-1)) and abz exposure (0, 3, 9 mg kg(-1)) in earthworms (eisenia fetida) were observed using three approaches, namely chronic growth and reproduction, antioxidant enzyme activity, and earthworm cu residue. the results have s ... | 2016 | 26780053 |
| effects of oxidative stress reaction for the eisenia fetida with exposure in cd(2). | earthworms are widely used in all kinds of pollutants as sensitive bio-indicator organisms because of their immediately oxidative stress response under the stress of heavy metal. however, there are a large number of indexes associated with the oxidative stress response. finding out the key monitoring indexes in the stress process becomes a practical demand of the pollution monitoring and warning process. we studied two groups, the short-term test and the long-term test. the former one is for 10 ... | 2016 | 27528521 |
| changes in the bacterial community structure of remediated anthracene-contaminated soils. | mixing soil or adding earthworms (eisenia fetida (savigny, 1826)) accelerated the removal of anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, from a pasture and an arable soil, while a non-ionic surfactant (surfynol® 485) inhibited the removal of the contaminant compared to the untreated soil. it was unclear if the treatments affected the soil bacterial community and consequently the removal of anthracene. therefore, the bacterial community structure was monitored by means of 454 pyrosequencing of ... | 2016 | 27727277 |
| nanosilver pathophysiology in earthworms: transcriptional profiling of secretory proteins and the implication for the protein corona. | previously we have identified lysenin as a key protein constituent of the secretome from eisenia fetida coelomocytes and revealed its critical importance in priming interactions between the cells and the protein corona around nanosilver. as alterations of the protein environment can directly affect the corona composition, the extent to which nanoparticles influence the cells' protein secretion profile is of remarkable interest that has rarely acquired attention. here, we have probed transcriptio ... | 2016 | 26119277 |
| responses of growth inhibition and antioxidant gene expression in earthworms (eisenia fetida) exposed to tetrabromobisphenol a, hexabromocyclododecane and decabromodiphenyl ether. | tetrabromobisphenol a (tbbpa), hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) and decabromodiphenyl ether (bde 209), suspected ubiquitous contaminants, account for the largest volume of brominated flame retardants (bfrs) since penta-bde and octa-bde have been phased out globally. in this paper, the growth inhibition and gene transcript levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat)) and the stress-response gene involved in the prevention of oxidative stress (hsp70) of earthworms (eisen ... | 2016 | 26117064 |
| the impact on the soil microbial community and enzyme activity of two earthworm species during the bioremediation of pentachlorophenol-contaminated soils. | the ecological effect of earthworms on the fate of soil pentachlorophenol (pcp) differs with species. this study addressed the roles and mechanisms by which two earthworm species (epigeic eisenia fetida and endogeic amynthas robustus e. perrier) affect the soil microbial community and enzyme activity during the bioremediation of pcp-contaminated soils. a. robustus removed more soil pcp than did e. foetida. a. robustus improved nitrogen utilisation efficiency and soil oxidation more than did e. f ... | 2016 | 26342149 |
| ddt degradation efficiency and ecotoxicological effects of two types of nano-sized zero-valent iron (nzvi) in water and soil. | nano-scale zero-valent iron (nzvi) has been conceived for cost-efficient degradation of chlorinated pollutants in soil as an alternative to e.g permeable reactive barriers or excavation. little is however known about its efficiency in degradation of the ubiquitous environmental pollutant ddt and its secondary effects on organisms. here, two types of nzvi (type b made using precipitation with borohydride, and type t produced by gas phase reduction of iron oxides under h2) were compared for effici ... | 2016 | 26598990 |
| assessing the changes in e. coli levels and nutrient dynamics during vermicomposting of food waste under lab and field scale conditions. | vermicomposting (vc) has proven to be a promising method for treating garden, household, and municipal wastes. although the vc has been used extensively for converting wastes into fertilizers, pathogens such as escherichia coli (e. coli) survival during this process is not well documented. in this study, both lab and field scale experiments were conducted assessing the impacts of earthworms in reducing e. coli concentration during vc of food waste. in addition, other pertinent parameters such as ... | 2016 | 27604124 |
| persistence of escherichia coli in batch and continuous vermicomposting systems. | vermicomposting is a biooxidation process in which epigeicearthworms act in synergy with microbial populations to degrade organic matter. vermicomposting does not go through a thermophilic stage as required by north american legislations for pathogen eradication. we examined the survival of a green fluorescent protein (gfp) labeled escherichia coli mg1655 as a model for the survival of pathogenic bacteria in both small-scale batch and medium-scale continuously-operated systems to discern the inf ... | 2016 | 27499290 |
| exploring metal detoxification and accumulation potential during vermicomposting of tea factory coal ash: sequential extraction and fluorescence probe analysis. | metal contamination from coal ashes (cas) is widely recognized as a significant environmental concern. to learn more about metal detoxification and accumulation potential of earthworm species, metal-rich tea factory coal ashes (tfca) were fed to eisenia fetida and lampito mauritii by employing a fluorescent tag detection method. fascinatingly, on feeding fluorescence probed zn and cd along with cow dung to eisenia fetida, the detection of the gut-proteins with a molecular mass higher than 100 kd ... | 2016 | 27456167 |
| adaptability comparison of e. fetida in vermicomposting against sludge from livestock wastewater treatment plant based on their several growth stages. | vermicomposting is a low-cost, eco-efficient process to deal with organic wastes. mixtures of swine manure (sm), cow dung (cd), and animal wastewater treatment plant sludge (s) were applied as feeds, and eisenia fetida was employed in this study to investigate the vermicomposting efficiency based on their several growth stages. the hatching test resulted in a 100 % hatching rate in s60sm40 (60 % s + 40 % sm) mixture, while 4.40 hatchlings per cocoon were observed. the growth of infancy performed ... | 2016 | 27117153 |
| influence of stocking density on the vermicomposting of an effluent treatment plant sludge amended with cow dung. | this paper reports the effect of earthworm population density on the vermicomposting of effluent treatment plant sludge of a bakery industry. four waste mixtures containing 0, 10, 20, and 30 % sludge along with cow dung with five different worm population densities were established for 14 weeks under controlled moisture and temperature conditions. the results showed that average worm biomass, growth and cocoon production were lesser at higher population densities. sexual maturity was attained in ... | 2016 | 27023819 |
| genotoxicity reduction in bagasse waste of sugar industry by earthworm technology. | the aim of the present study was to assess the genotoxicity reduction in post vermicompost feed mixtures of bagasse (b) waste using earthworm eisenia fetida. the genotoxicity of bagasse waste was determined by using allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. bagasse was amended with cattle dung in different proportions [0:100 (b0) 25:75 (b25), 50:50 (b50), 75:25 (b75) and 100:0 (b100)] on dry weight basis. genotoxic effects of initial and post vermicompost bagasse extracts were analysed on t ... | 2016 | 27516924 |
| bio-optimization of the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for efficient vermicomposting of chicken manure and waste paper using eisenia fetida. | the main objective of the present study was to determine the optimum c/n ratio for converting waste paper and chicken manure to nutrient-rich manure with minimum toxicity. six treatments of c/n ratio 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 (t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, and t6, respectively) achieved by mixing chicken manure with shredded paper were used. the study involved a composting stage for 20 days followed by vermicomposting with eisenia fetida for 7 weeks. the results revealed that 20 days of composting consid ... | 2016 | 27197657 |
| vermicomposting transforms allelopathic parthenium into a benign organic fertilizer. | vermicompost, which had been derived solely by the action of the epigeic earthworm eisenia fetida on parthenium (parthenium hysterophorus), was tested for its impact on the germination and early growth of green gram (vigna radiata), ladies finger (abelmoschus esculentus) and cucumber (cucumis sativus). seedlings were germinated and grown in soil amended with 0 (control), 0.75, 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 20 and 40% (by weight) parthenium vermicompost. even though parthenium is known to possess strong negative ... | 2016 | 27233043 |
| excellent n-fixing and p-solubilizing traits in earthworm gut-isolated bacteria: a vermicompost based assessment with vegetable market waste and rice straw feed mixtures. | vermicomposting is a dependable waste recycling technology which greatly augments n and p levels mainly through microbial action. this paper aims to identify efficient n-fixing (nfb) and p-solubilizing (psb) bacteria from earthworm intestines. various combinations of vegetable market waste, rice straw, and cowdung were fed to two earthworm species (eisenia fetida and perionyx excavatus). total organic c decreased, ph shifted towards neutrality, and npk availability, and microbial (nfb, psb, and ... | 2016 | 27718399 |
| use of agave bagasse for production of an organic fertilizer by pretreatment with bjerkandera adusta and vermicomposting with eisenia fetida. | agave tequilana weber is used in tequila and fructans production, with agave bagasse generated as a solid waste. the main use of bagasse is to produce compost in tequila factories with a long traditional composting that lasts 6-8 months. the aim of this study was to evaluate the degradation of agave bagasse by combining a pretreatment with fungi and vermicomposting. experiments were carried out with fractionated or whole bagasse, sterilized or not, subjecting it to a pretreatment with bjerkander ... | 2016 | 26508073 |
| cow manure composting by microbial treatment for using as potting material: an overview. | dairy industry is flourishing in saudi arabia for the last two decades producing milk and milk products to meet the population needs. simultaneously, it is also producing large amount of dairy waste (animal manure) posing a serious environmental issues. vermicomposting (conversion of animal manure into compost by bacterial treatments) is considered as one of the safest means for efficient management and to mitigate environmental pollution issues resulting from land disposal of raw dairy wastes. ... | 2016 | 26930795 |
| the effects of composting approaches on the emissions of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds: a comparison between vermicomposting and general aerobic composting. | emission patterns of 13 vocs were investigated in three types of vermicomposting systems (eisenia fetida, metaphire posthuma, and lampito mauritii) in reference to a traditional aerobic composting system by feeding the systems with mixtures of three materials (coal ash (ca), municipal solid waste (msw), and cow dung (cd)). on an average, the emission rates of aromatic vocs (benzene, toluene, xylenes, and styrene) were two to three times higher than all other groups (aldehyde, ketones, esters, an ... | 2016 | 26589098 |
| impact of molybdenum nanoparticles on survival, activity of enzymes, and chemical elements in eisenia fetida using test on artificial substrata. | the influence of molybdenum oxide nanoparticles (moo3) on the growth and survival of eisenia fetida was established. the activity of antioxidant enzymes and changes in concentration of molybdenum in the body of e. fetida were determined. the degree of bacterial bioluminescence inhibition in extracts of substrates and worm was studied using luminescent strain escherichia coli k12 tg1. the enzymatic activity of substrates before and after exposure with nanoparticles and worms was assessed. nanopar ... | 2016 | 27259958 |
| effects of different ratios of sewage sludge and cattle manure on growth and propagation of eisenia fetida. | domestic sewage sludge and cattle manure are rich in nutrition elements, but without proper disposal, are harmful to the environment. here with an indoor culture method, we used eisenia fetida to dispose different ratios of sewage sludge and cattle manure, and thereby investigated the effects and acting rules of these sludge-manure mixtures on the growth and reproduction of e. fetida. we find these mixtures are food sources for e. fetida, and their physiochemical properties are significantly cha ... | 2016 | 27257977 |
| comparison of the chemical, physical and microbial properties of composts produced by conventional composting or vermicomposting using the same feedstocks. | the chemical, physical and microbial properties of thermophilic composts and vermicomposts were compared using the same municipal green waste-based feedstocks: (i) municipal green waste alone, (ii) 75 % municipal green waste/25 % green garden waste and (iii) 75 % municipal green waste/25 % cattle manure. temperatures reached 37 °c during composting of municipal green waste alone but when garden waste or cattle manure were added, temperatures reached 47 and 52 °c, respectively. at the end of verm ... | 2016 | 26888641 |
| vermicomposting of sludge from animal wastewater treatment plant mixed with cow dung or swine manure using eisenia fetida. | vermicomposting of animal wastewater treatment plant sludge (s) mixed with cow dung (cd) or swine manure (sm) employing eisenia fetida was tested. the numbers, weights, clitellum development, and cocoon production were monitored for 60 days at a detecting interval of 15 days. the results indicated that 100 % of the sludge can be the suitable food for growth and fecundity of e. fetida, while addition of cd or sm in sludge significantly (p < 0.05) increased the worm biomass and reproduction. the s ... | 2016 | 26755173 |