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[the helminth fauna of red foxes (vulpes vulpes linne 1758) in the administrative district of karlsruhe. 2. nematodes].between february 1989 and january 1990 a total of 801 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 835 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the german federal administration area of karlsruhe. the following nematodes in order of frequency were found: toxocara canis (30.2%), uncinaria stenocephala (24.3%), toxascaris leonina (2.0%) and ancyclostoma caninum (1.1%). the investigation of the muscles of all animal ...19947956813
influence of soil texture in the recovery of toxocara canis eggs by a flotation method.in epidemiological surveys, the evaluation of soil contamination by toxocara canis eggs requires a quick and easy method for the isolation of parasite eggs from soil samples. the efficiency of flotation methods is influenced by sample size, soil texture, degree of soil contamination, pretreatment, flotation solutions and time of flotation. this investigation was designed to evaluate the influence of soil texture in the recovery of t. canis eggs with the centrifugal flotation technique of dada (d ...19947975122
efficacy of fenbendazole against giardiasis in dogs.efficacy of fenbendazole at 2 dosages for treating naturally acquired giardiasis in dogs was assessed. giardia cysts were not detected in the feces of 6 of 6 group-1 dogs (as determined by use of the zinc sulfate concentration technique) after fenbendazole treatment (50 mg/kg of body weight, po, q 24 h, for 3 doses). cysts were not detected in the feces of 6 of 6 group-2 dogs after fenbendazole treatment (50 mg/kg of body weight, po, q 8 h, for 3 days). however, cysts were not detected in the fe ...19947978640
toxocara canis and human health. 19947980773
epidemiology of human toxocariasis in la réunion.in la réunion island (indian ocean) a seroepidemiological survey for toxocariasis was carried out among 387 subjects over 15 years old by western blotting using toxocara canis excretory-secretory larval antigens; 92.8% of the sera were positive. statistical study, including logistic regression analysis, showed a significant correlation of western blot results with sex, age, and absence of water supply. the final logistic model demonstrated that only the last 2 factors were significant multiplica ...19947992328
[familial seroepidemiology of toxocariasis].with the objective of defining the intrafamiliar distribution pattern of the infection and illness caused by toxocara sp., 78 infected families (356 people) were studied for 30 months. at the same time 28 families free of infection were studied, as a control group (97 people). the socioeconomic level was analyzed according to a modified graffar index. contac with canine and feline pets, and antecedents of geophagia and onichophagia were found to be risk factors which would facilitate the infecti ...19947654285
immune responses to nematode exoantigens: sensitizing antibodies and basophil histamine release.high levels of ige and eosinophilia are found in both allergy and helminth infections, but allergic symptoms are rare in naturally acquired helminth infections. the interrelation of specific ige antibodies and in vitro basophil histamine release (hr) induced by exoantigens from the larval stages (l2/l3) of the nematodes toxocara canis and ascaris suum was examined in 148 patients visiting an outpatient clinic for parasitic diseases. the antigen sensitivity of the basophils was found to be depend ...19947521141
clinical and laboratorial features of visceral toxocariasis in infancy.forty children with a diagnosis of visceral toxocariasis were evaluated prospectively from february 1982 to june 1989. diagnosis was established by clinical, laboratory and serological (elisa - es toxocara canis antigen) evaluations. a great clinical polymorphism was found in our patients, ranging from unspecific or absent manifestations to an exuberant symptomatology. the laboratory findings were: leukocytosis, eosinophilia and elevation of serum gammaglobulin and isohemagglutinin levels. no si ...19947527930
idiotypic replica of a toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigen epitope.this study describes the production, characterization and use of an anti-idiotype serum raised against the monoclonal antibody tc-1 which recognizes a t. canis excretory/secretory antigen (es ag) epitope. anti-idiotypic (anti-id or ab2) antibodies were produced in rabbits using tc-1 f(ab')2 fragments; these anti-id inhibited es ag binding to biotinylated tc-1, and also inhibited a larval microprecipitation assay using tc-1. assays show that the ab2 beta or "internal image" of a t. canis es ag ep ...19957541025
a study on the prevention of prenatal and galactogenic toxocara canis infections in pups by treatment of infected bitches with ivermectin or doramectin.investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of a two dose treatment with ivermectin or doramectin on reactivated larvae of toxocara canis in bitches to prevent prenatal and galactogenic infections of their pups. thirty pregnant bitches were treated by subcutaneous injection of ivermectin or doramectin on day 40 and 50 post conception (p.c.) each with a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight. the efficacy of the treatments was determined by faecal examinations and by comparing the number of infecte ...19957550440
serological evidence for the presence of toxocariasis in the turkana district of kenya. 19957570867
epidemiological studies on intestinal helminth parasites of rural and urban red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in the united kingdom.an epidemiological study of intestinal helminths in 843 foxes (vulpes vulpes) from southern england revealed the presence of 13 parasite species: five nematodes--toxocara canis (prevalence 55.9%), toxascaris leonina (1.5%), uncinaria stenocephala (68.0%), trichuris vulpis (0.5%) and capillaria aerophila (0.2%); four cestodes--taenia pisiformis (13.8%), taenia hydatigena (2.5%), echinococcus granulosus (0.1%) and dipylidium caninum (3.8%); two trematodes--brachylaima recurva (2.9%) and cryptocoty ...19957571336
a study on patients with eosinophilia of suspected parasitic origin.a study of 53 patients with eosinophilia of suspected parasitic origin was conducted. investigations done for each case included, stool and urine examinations, absolute eosinophilic count and countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis (ciep) using crude antigens of fasciola hepatica, schistosoma mansoni worms, trichinella spiralis and toxocara canis larvae, and hydatid fluid. stool examination revealed six cases with fasciola eggs, two with ascaris lumbricoides and one with s. mansoni eggs. the eosino ...19957602166
an abundant, trans-spliced mrna from toxocara canis infective larvae encodes a 26-kda protein with homology to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins.a full-length mrna encoding a secreted 26-kda antigen of infective larvae of the ascarid nematode parasite toxocara canis has been identified. this was characterized as a 1,082-base pair clone highly abundant (0.8-1.9%) in cdna prepared from infective stage larvae but absent from cdna from adult male worms. sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame corresponding to a hydrophilic 263-amino acid residue polypeptide with a 20-residue n-terminal signal peptide, indicating that it is secreted. ...19957629180
optic neuritis in cerebral toxocariasis. 19957629546
meiosis and some aspects of cytological mechanisms of chromosomal sex determination in nematode species.meiotic division in toxascaris leonina, baylisascaris transfuga, hexametra sp., toxocara canis, t. cati, heterakis gallinarum and physaloptera clausa of the class nematoda were studied. chromosomal sex determination type in different taxa is described. the xx-xo type of sex determination predominates in the species examined. a y chromosome occurs only in b. transfuga. a correlation between the number and length of sex chromosomes and autosomes in the different taxa was established.19957635621
evaluation by larval recovery of mebendazole activity in experimental murine toxocariasis.we have studied the action of mebendazole on experimental murine toxocariasis using different formulations and vehicles. the treatment efficacy was evaluated by larval recovery after digesting several tissues. in the first part of the experiment, the drugs were administered on days 1-3 post infection (p.i.) inclusive (hepato-pulmonary phase of the migration), then the animals were sacrificed by the 1st week p.i. in the second part of the experimental protocol, the treatments were administered on ...19957635636
the effects of freezing on the viability of toxocara canis and t. cati embryonated eggs.suspensions of embryonated (l2) toxocara canis and t. cati eggs were maintained under freezing conditions in order to study the impact on their long term viability. the eggs had been removed from the uteri of adult toxocara spp. worms and the suspended in a 0.4% formalin solution before being frozen in 20 ml plastic tubes in the freezer compartment of a domestic refrigerator. assessment of embryonated egg viability over a period of 34 days was conducted by microscopic examination under a high li ...19957636161
[evaluation of soil sanitation on poznan beaches based on helminth examination].it was proved that the soil of recreational areas can be potential source of human geohelminthiosis. the eggs of ascaris lumbricoides and trichocephalus trichiurus as well as of toxocara canis were found on the beaches of poznań lakes.19957638966
occurrence of interleukin-5 production by cd4- cd8- (double-negative) t cells in lungs of both normal and congenitally athymic nude mice infected with toxocara canis.we studied cells in the lungs of balb/c and balb/c-nu/nu (nude) mice infected with toxocara canis, which produced interleukin-5 (il-5) in in vitro culture with larval excretory-secretory antigen (esag). the proportion of cd4+/cd8+/cd4- cd8- cells in lungs of both balb/c and nude mice was unchanged before and after infection with t. canis. panning and complement-mediated lysis using monoclonal antibody (mab) to cd4 showed that cd4+ cells in the lung from both mice produced il-5. anti-cd4 mab supp ...19957642218
mobility inhibition and nematocidal activity of asarone and related phenylpropanoids on second-stage larvae of toxocara canis.the in vitro effect of asarone, the nematocidal principle of the rhizome of acorus calamus, on second-stage larvae of toxocara canis is composed of two independent actions: one is a fast acting inhibition of the larval mobility and the other is a slow acting larvicidal action. mobility of the larvae was rapidly inhibited when they were incubated with asarone. dye exclusion assay revealed that larvae were alive at this stage, and their mobility was restored after the first inhibition, suggesting ...19957655436
toxocara canis: ultrastructural aspects of larval moulting in the maturing eggs.the morphology of the surface of toxocara canis larvae, developing in the eggs to reach infectivity, has been studied for the first time at an electron microscopical level. in most 11-day and some 15-day eggs, the larvae are surrounded by two shed cuticles. the outer first shed cuticle is composed of two layers. the inner second shed cuticle is much thicker than the outer one. the presence of both shed cuticles indicates that the larva has undergone two developmental stages in the maturing egg. ...19957657453
cross-reactions of sera from toxascaris leonina and ascaris suum infected mice with toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina and ascaris suum antigens.the elisa method using larval es products and homogenized toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina and ascaris suum adult worms extract, was used to determine the possible cross-reactions in balb/c and c57bl/10 mice inoculated with embryonated eggs or adult worms extract of t. leonina of t. leonina or a. suum in single and multiple doses. when we used sera of mice infected with embryonated eggs of t. leonina against different heterologous ag, no cross-reactions against t. canis es and a. suum es ag we ...19957657459
toxocara-induced eosinophilic inflammation. airway function and effect of anti-il-5.the immunoinflammatory response to parasitic nematode infections and allergic diseases have some similarities, the most profound being the increases in eosinophils and serum total ige concentration. whether parasitic infections stimulate or inhibit allergic asthma is a matter of debate. we investigated the effect of toxocara canis (t. canis) infection on airway function in balb/c mice at various days post-infection. within 24 h after infection, the trachea responded hyperreactive to carbachol st ...19957881685
role of small mammals in the epidemiology of toxocariasis.studies were conducted on the role of small mammals in maintaining toxocariasis foci in urban, rural and montane biotopes. the lowest relative density of small mammals was recorded in the urban locality and the highest in the rural and montane localities. anti-toxocara antibodies were most frequently detected in synanthropic and hemisynanthropic species mus musculus, apodemus agrarius and micromys minutus--32.0, 30.4 and 25.0%, respectively. the highest seropositivity was found in small mammals ...19957885737
preferential expression of cd30 by human cd4+ t cells producing th2-type cytokines.a large panel of human cd4+ t helper (th) cell clones with established th1, th2, or th0 profiles of cytokine secretion were examined for the expression of cd30, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. th1 clones expressed poor or no cd30 mrna, and showed low or undetectable expression of both membrane and soluble cd30 (scd30) protein, whereas th2 clones showed both cd30 mrna and membrane cd30 and released substantial amounts of scd30. th0 clones exhibited an intermediate patt ...19957821763
chronic urticaria and toxocara canis. 19957823695
mechanisms of eosinophilia in balb/c-nu/+ and congenitally athymic balb/c-nu/nu mice infected with toxocara canis.we studied the mechanism of eosinophilia in balb/c-nu/+ (nu/+) and balb/c-nu/nu (nu/nu) mice infected with toxocara canis. eosinophilia with two peaks on days 11 and 21 of infection was observed in infected nu/+ mice, and with a peak on day 11 in nu/nu mice. interleukin-5 (il-5) mrna was expressed on day 5 of infection in the lung and spleen of nu/+ mice and in the lung of nu/nu mice, but not in the spleen of nu/nu mice. large numbers of eosinophils and lymphocytes infiltrated the lung of both m ...19957751031
toxocara canis adult worm antigen induces proliferative response of healthy human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.the proliferative response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from healthy donors to toxocara canis adult worm antigens (tca) was examined. pbmc from all donors examined (n = 7) strongly responded to tca in a dose-dependent fashion after six days of culture, irrespective of their serological reactivity. in contrast, cord blood mononuclear cells did not react to tca. the proliferation of pbmc in response to tca was completely inhibited by anti-hla-dr antibody. purified cd4+ t cell ...19957761111
[ocular toxocariasis or retinoblastoma?].seroprevalence studies in spain have shown that a high number of the population has been in contact with toxocara canis although no cases of ocular involvement by this helminth have been described. the clinical and age of presentation makes differential diagnosis with retinoblastoma necessary, which is at time difficult, although essential since the treatment and prognosis are very different.19957779878
comparison of the efficacies of three heartworm preventives against experimentally induced infections with ancylostoma caninum and toxocara canis in pups.forty 11- to 12-week-old helminth-naive beagles were categorized by sex and weight and randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups (group 1, ivermectin/pyrantel pamoate; group 2, milbemycin oxime; group 3, untreated control; group 4, diethylcarbamazine/oxibendazole). each pup was inoculated po with approximately 100 infective ancylostoma caninum larvae and 100 larvated toxocara canis eggs on day 0, and repeatedly at 7-day intervals thereafter until day 56. administration of anthelmintics also began ...19957782242
devitalization of bacterial and parasitic germs in sewage sludge during aerobic digestion under laboratory conditions.the survival of 8 bacterial species (pseudomonas sp., salmonella sp., enterobacteriae, streptococcus sp., escherichia coli) was detected in municipal sewage sludge up to 37 hours of mesophilic aerobic digestion under laboratory conditions. the model strain enterococcus faecium ccm 4231 survived almost twice as long as the above-mentioned isolates. similar findings, regarding the viability of the microorganisms studied, were also determined during thermophilic aerobic digestion of municipal sewag ...19957793018
[a case of toxocara canis infection]. 19957722397
effect of various doses of infective toxocara canis and toxocara cati eggs on the humoral response and distribution of larvae in mice.the effect of 5-2,500 infective toxocara canis and 5-1,000 t. cati eggs on the humoral immune response and on the distribution of larvae in the organism was studied in paratenic hosts--inbred c57bl6/j mice. with each dose of t. canis eggs the maximal antibody level was recorded on day 56 post infection and was followed by a moderate decline that lasted until day 154 of the experiment. a correlation between the antibody level and the egg count was observed only with the infective dose of 5-50 egg ...19957724509
the art of parasite survival.parasites develop and survive in an environment which is often hostile to them. when facing aggressive conditions parasites are able to use various and complex strategies. echinococcus granulosus, toxocara canis, pneumocystis carinii, entamoeba or toxoplasma gondii are able to seclude from the environment when stressed by surrounding (immunologic or non-immunologic) aggressive factors. specific antigens which exert a functional activity during a short period of time appear to be concealed from t ...19958520537
a cdna encoding ribosomal protein l3 from the parasitic nematode toxocara canis.a cdna encoding the ribosomal (r) protein l3 of the parasitic nematode toxocara canis was isolated from a library constructed from mrna of the infective larval stage. the encoded protein has a high degree of similarity to r-protein l3 from other organisms, including mammals, yeast, plants and bacteria. the mrna encoding r-protein l3 is derived from a single-copy gene, and experimental evidence would suggest that it contains the pan-nematode splice leader sequence at its 5' end and that the gene ...19958522183
persistence of specific antibody response in different experimental infections of mice with toxocara canis larvae.anti-toxocara antibody production and persistence were studied in experimental infections of balb/c mice, according to three different schedules: group i (gi)-25 mice infected with 200 t. canis eggs in a single dose; group ii (gii) 25 mice infected with 150 t. canis eggs given in three occasions, 50 in the 1st, 50 in the 5th and 50 in the 8th days; group iii (giii)-25 mice also infected with 150 t. canis eggs, in three 50 eggs portions given in the 1st, 14th and 28th days. a 15 mice control grou ...19958525261
index of suspicion. case 1. toxocara canis and ascaris infection with lead poisoning]. 19958539194
evaluation of mebendazole activity on experimental murine toxocariasis by immune complexes determination.the mebendazole action on experimental murine toxocariasis, using different formulations and vehicles, was studied by means of the detection of antibodies and immune complexes by elisa. after inoculation with 1000 embryonated toxocara canis eggs, balb/c mice were submitted to the anthelmintic treatment as follows: group 1 (control without treatment); group 2 (mebendazole (mbz), lomper, steve laboratories, barcelona, spain, suspended in 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (cmc) at a dose of 100 mg/k ...19958546022
specific igg1 and igg2 antibody responses of dogs to leishmania infantum and other parasites.sera from dogs naturally infected with leishmania infantum were analysed for the igg subclass specificity of their antibody response by elisa. dogs infected with l. infantum produced both igg1 and igg2 antibodies with igg2 being associated with asymptomatic infections and igg1 being associated with disease (symptomatic dogs, non- or low-responsive to chemotherapy). the differential responses of igg1 and igg2 serum antibodies in asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs may indicate a dichotomous immune ...19958552413
relationship between parasitical inoculum and immunological parameters in experimental toxocariasis.swiss female mice were inoculated with different infective doses of toxocara canis eggs to evaluate the percentage of recuperated larvae in different organs and immunological parameters such as spleen index (si), liver index (li) and lung index (lui) and blood eosinophilia during 3 weeks post infectionem (p.i.) with only one challenge. it was found that t. canis larvae arrived at the liver between 10 and 15 hours p.i. by the food-fishhook technique. when the inoculum was more than 200 eggs, ther ...19959810672
[soil contamination in ciudad de la habana province with toxocara canis eggs].toxocara canis is a commun ascarid of dogs worldwide. the ingestion of helminths eggs by humans may cause visceral larva. knowing the prevalence of t. canis in domestic dogs from havana city (17.9%), it was decided to study for the first time the contamination of soil in the city with canine nematode ova, and thus, understand the magnitude of the rich for our population, thus, mainly children, for developing the disease three soil samples were taken in different residential areas from 15 municip ...19959813471
comparative sds-page protein patterns of four ascaridid nematodes.in order to investigate the degree of homogeneity and heterogeneity of the ascaridid nematodes. toxascaris leonina, parascaris equorum, toxocara canis and t. vitulorum, protein extracts from adult worms of the four nematodes were resolved into a number of bands. comparative analysis of dominant bands showed that 13 bands were common among the four species, but certain unique bands were also found in each species including 4 in t. vitulorum, one in t. leonina, two in t. canis, while p. equorum sh ...19958586870
incidence of toxoplasma and toxocara antibodies among out-patients in the ophthalmic research institute, egypt.infection by toxoplasma gondii and toxocara canis is getting much important nowadays. both are soil transmitted infections. the present study was planned to detect the incidence of t. gondii and t. canis antibodies among 100 patients attending the outpatient clinics in research institutes of ophthalmology (rio), whose urine and stool were free from other parasitic stages. patients were classified into two groups, group i; (70 ocular cases) and group ii, (30 non-occular cases). control group (gro ...19958586877
toxocara canis-induced airway eosinophilia and tracheal hyporeactivity in guinea pigs and mice.guinea pigs and mice infected with the parasitic worms toxocara canis developed airway inflammation and tracheal hyporesponsiveness. preceding inflammatory cell infiltration a brief hyperreactive response occurred in guinea pigs to histaminergic receptor stimulation at 3 days post infection (p.i.) and in mice to acetylcholine receptor stimulation at 1 day p.i. few but large eosinophilic inflammatory foci developed in guinea pigs at 14 days p.i. mice demonstrated progressive multifocal inflammati ...19958666037
[hepatic toxocariasis]. 19958749411
[intestinal geohelminthosis in man and domestic animals in the riverside sections of the valdivia river basin, chile].in march-october 1987 were analyzed 1295 coprological specimens in a sample of the human population who lives in riverside localities in the valdivia river basin, chile. a 23.6% of examined persons presented infection by one or more helminth species. the prevalence of infection by ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and trichostrongylidae gen. sp. were 15.5, 12.7 and 0.2%, respectively. the prevalence of human ascariosis and trichuriosis were greater in pre-school and school children. the ...19958762668
ocular toxocariasis.toxocara canis is a preventable cause of intraocular inflammation and visual loss ... caused by the larvae of toxocara canis usually occurring in children and young adults following accidental ingestion of the larvae from infected dogs. treatment of ocular toxocariasis can include a combination of cryopexy and photocoagulation, with vitrectomy surgery utilized in the more serious cases.19958826357
intestinal helminths of the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.) in galicia (northwest spain).the intestinal helminth fauna of 201 specimens of vulpes vulpes, captured in galicia (northwest spain), was investigated. eight species were found: toxocara canis (23% of host specimens), toxocara cati (0.5%), toxascaris leonina (1%), uncinaria stenocephala (28%), seuratascaris numidica (0.5%), taenia crassiceps (23%), mesocestoides litteratus (2.5%) and dipylidium caninum (0.5%). we discuss possible relationships between human population density and the prevalence of infection of fox by intesti ...19958834508
[toxocariasis syndrome as a cause of hypereosinophilia].the study described two cases of toxocariasis characterized by the presence of large numbers of large number of eosinophils. the authors emphasized the fact of necessity to make serologic tests in every patient with hypereosinophilia.19958834662
b cell mitogenic activity of toxocara canis adult worm antigen.the effect of toxocara (t.) canis antigen (tcag) on lymphocytes was studied in vitro using normal murine spleen cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. tcag prepared from adult worms stimulated murine spleen cells to proliferate at concentrations of 1-125 micrograms/ml. the responder cells tcag are b cells, because the response was depleted by the treatment of spleen cells with anti-immunoglobulin (ig) antibody and complement and after separation on a nylon wool column. this response was n ...19958834760
antigen induced eosinophilia protects gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) against experimental amebic abscess of the liver.while the normal human eosinophil is destroyed in vitro by virulent entamoeba histolytica, notwithstanding the presence of antibodies and complement, activated eosinophils promptly destroy the parasite even though succumbing in the process as well. to study the possible in vivo participation of eosinophils in invasive amebiasis, we compared the induction of experimental amebic abscess of the liver (eaal) in gerbils (meriones unguiculatus) previously made eosinophilic (532 +/- 80 eosinophils/mm3) ...19958845666
[toxocariasis. a cosmopolitan parasitic zoonosis].the infection by toxocara canis transmitted by dogs (30% of them are infected in our countries) and less frequently by cats lead to larva migrans visceral syndrome with neurological manifestations, ophtalmological affection and various cutaneous manifestations observed in 24% of the extra-ocular infections: chronic urticaria often associated with asthmatic manifestations and chronic rhinitis, angio-oedema or local oedema reaching particularly the eyclid, chronic pruritus associated with lesions ...19958851035
seroprevalence of toxocariasis in children and a case of vlm.an epidemiological study on toxocariasis in children was carried out at our hospital (madrid, spain) in relation with a case of toxocariasis in a child with chronic hypereosinophilia. the study was based on a positive result of the elisa test, using excretory-secretory antigen from toxocara canis. the seroprevalence in children was 1%.19958861856
ocular toxocariasis in a 36-year-old patient: a case report.a 36-year-old female presented wit unilateral papillitis, followed by the development of a posterior pole granuloma. a positive elisa-test for toxocara canis with a titer of 1/200 established the diagnosis. the patient was consecutively treated by pars plana vitrectomy and oral corticosteroids.19958936777
visceral larva migrans. 19958772881
diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis. report of transvitreal surgical removal of a subretinal nematode.the precise identification of nematodes which cause diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (dusn) has been unsuccessful. shape and size are useful in the initial stages of identification, but histopathologic examination usually is necessary for accurate classification. intact nematodes recovered from patients with dusn have been mentioned scarcely in the literature. the authors report the first case of dusn in which a viable nematode was removed successfully via a transvitreal surgical appro ...19959097745
toxocara titres in maternal and cord blood.fifty-two pairs of maternal and cord blood samples were examined for evidence of toxocara canis antibodies. all the mothers in the study delivered normal babies at term. seventeen (33%) of the mothers had toxocara antibody titres of 1:50 or greater. no igm isotype anti-toxocara antibody was detected in the cord blood samples, evidence that transplacental toxocaral infection had not occurred. in the toxocara antibody-positive group it was found that six of 17 mothers (35%) had previously miscarri ...19968793714
[a case of toxocariasis of the eye].a case with toxocariasis of the eye is described. the diagnosis was confirmed serologically. vision acuity improved to 100% as a result of treatment. the authors emphasize that toxocariasis should ruled out in all ocular involvements of obscure etiology.19969045495
[a case of toxocariasis]. 19969138799
seroepidemiology of five major zoonotic parasite infections in inhabitants of sidoarjo, east java, indonesia.we conducted a seroepidemiological survey of zoonotic parasite infection in inhabitants of east java, indonesia. the subjects of the survey were 244 persons selected from visitors to sidoarjo city hospital in east java between may 1992 and october 1993. ninety-seven had diarrhea and the rest came to the hospital for routine check-ups. all serum samples were tested for antibodies against five zoonotic parasites: toxoplasma gondii, entamoeba histolytica, toxocara canis. angiostrongylus cantonensis ...19969185269
[long-term observations of ocular toxocariasis in children and youth].to evaluate the clinical status and elisa test changes in a group of children with ocular toxocariasis.19969340420
[clinical course and treatment of toxocariasis in children].toxocariasis is a parasitic disease. larvae of toxocara canis, as intra-tissular parasites, can survive in human organism for 10 years. clinical symptoms depend on massiveness of infection, organ localisation and defensive reactions of patients. 74 children were observed (in age from 1 year 8 months to 15 years). 70% of them had intraocular lesions which is the most serious complication of toxocariasis. larva of t. canis is neurotropic. eeg revealed abnormalities in 73% of patients. the diagnosi ...19969273224
[human toxocariasis: biology of the parasite and current diagnostic possibilities]. 19969244468
mri of cervical cord lesions and their resolution in toxocara canis myelopathy.we report serial mri findings in a 58-year-old man with cervical cord involvement by toxocara canis, in whom antihelminthic chemotherapy yielded improvement of the neurological deficits and cord lesions seen on mri.19968957808
eosinophilia, il-5 level and recovery of larvae in il-5 transgenic mice infected with toxocara canis.eosinophil counts, interleukin 5 (il-5) concentrations in peripheral blood and larval recovery after infection with toxocara canis were compared between il-5 transgenic (tg) and nontransgenic counterparts, c3h/hen mice. in tg mice characterized by a constant high level of peripheral eosinophils, eosinophils in peripheral blood fell to the lowest level on day 4 of a t. canis infection and then returned to the preinfection level on day 14. serum il-5 level fell to the lowest level on day 4 of infe ...19968960212
a helminthological survey of wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the metropolitan area of copenhagen.sixty-eight red foxes were collected from the metropolitan area of copenhagen and examined for helminth infections. standard faecal flotations for intestinal parasites gave the following results: strongyle eggs (75.0%), capillaria eggs (36.8%), toxocara eggs (23.5%), taenia eggs (1.5%), and coccidia oocysts (2.9%). gastrointestinal helminths were collected from 21 of the 68 foxes with the following specimens found: uncinaria stenocephala (85.7%), toxocara canis (81.0%), taenia spp. (38.1%), meso ...19968960222
immunological studies on human larval toxocarosis.the aim of the study was to characterize the antiparasite humoral response in patients with the syndrome of visceral larval toxocarosis. specific igg, specific ige and total ige immunoglobulins against toxocara canis excretory/secretory antigens (tes) were detected by using elisa technique. antibody response was studied in complete sera as well as in immunoglobulin fractions (igg and ige), isolation of which was performed on protein a sepharose. it was observed that removal of igg from the serum ...19968997532
diagnostic vitrectomy and chronic uveitis.from the introduction of vitrectomy, infectious endophthalmitis was one of the indications for this surgical technique. vitrectomy was later found to be a valuable method in both diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of chronic uveitis.19968871142
free and bound biotin molecules in helminths: a source of artifacts for avidin biotin-based immunoassays.the avidin-biotin molecular recognition system is widely used in parasite immunology. however, the presence of biotin and/or biotin-containing molecules (bcms) in samples may lead to erroneous results. in the work reported herein we investigated the extent to which biotin and bcms present in helminth extracts may interfere in avidin/biotin-based immunoassays and developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for quantification of these components. in avidin-based elisa using antinematode ...19968875569
seroprevalence of toxocara infection in middle-class and disadvantaged children in northern spain (gipuzkoa, basque country).the prevalence of human toxocarosis in disadvantaged socioeconomic population in europe is unknown. in gipuzkoa the seroprevalence in middle-class children 2- to 5-years-old, and 6- to 16-year-olds, was zero (n = 135) and 4.4% (n = 320), respectively. in contrast, among socially and economically disadvantaged children the figures were 37% (n = 27) and 65.7% (n = 64). this high prevalence obliges us to consider toxocarosis as a public health problem.19968905319
experimental congenital toxocariasis: effect on foetal future immune response.congenital parasitic infections may not lead to any overt clinical effects but could modulate the foetal future immune response to the same parasite depending on whether sensitization or tolerance has occurred in utero. in this study, pregnant female mice were infected with toxocara canis eggs at different gestational age, then the offspring were next challenged with toxocara eggs 6 weeks after birth and their immune response was assessed by estimation of the eosinophilic count and serum ige con ...19968918035
investigations into the prevention of neonatal toxocara canis infections in puppies by application of doramectin to the bitch.the aim of this investigation was to examine whether the treatment of bitches with doramectin is able to prevent pre-natal and galactogenic infections with toxocara canis in their pups. five experimentally infected beagle bitches were treated subcutaneously with 1 mg doramectin per kg body weight on each of days 40 and 55 of their pregnancy. another infected bitch served as an untreated control. the efficacy of the medication was examined by counting the intestinal stages and somatic larvae in b ...19968919967
effect of glucan immunomodulator on the immune response and larval burdens in mice with experimental toxocarosis.glucan immunomodulator, combined with immunoglobulin and zinc (gi), was tested in mice infected with toxocara canis for its effects on the immune response and parasite recovery. infection with 2 500 t. canis eggs per mouse induced a short-term depression of the proliferative response of t cells to phytohemaglutinin from day 35 to a day 49 post infection (p.i.). gi given in two doses at the start of the experiment markedly stimulated and restored cell proliferation at days 21-63 p.i. infection re ...19968856944
[chronic urticaria and toxocara canis infection. a case-control study].the cause of chronic urticaria remains unknown very often. having noted several cases of chronic urticaria associated with antibodies to toxocara canis, and lacking any other explanation, we set-up a case-control study.19968763746
[visceral larva migrans: a mixed form of presentation in an adult. the clinical and laboratory aspects].we relate a case of an 18-year-old man, resident of xapuri (state of acre, brazil), with a history of repeated episodes of meningoencephalitis (three in one year), each one was examined by a local doctor. in our service (emílio ribas institute of infectology) we observed a patient with polyjoint aches, radiological and bronchoscopic pulmonary alterations (without clinical features), meningeal and brain stem manifestations--with normal brain computed tomography and cerebrospinal fluid. blood eosi ...19968768588
eosinophil peroxidase deficiency in new zealand white mice.eosinophil peroxidase (epo) is one of the granule enzymes in the eosinophil-specific granules and is distinct from myeloperoxidase. here we report that peroxidase activity was absent in eosinophils of new zealand white (nzw) mice. when nzw, new zealand black and their f1 mice were treated with cyclophosphamide followed by toxocara canis infection, the kinetic changes in the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood, determined by counting in hinkelman's diluting fluid, were almost comparable amo ...19968753841
effect of some parasitic infection on neurotransmitters in the brain of experimentally infected mice before and after treatment.the effects of some parasitic infection (bilharziasis, toxocariasis and trichinosis) on the brain of experimentally infected mice were investigated. eighty animals were classified into four groups, group i contained five non infected animals as a control group. the other groups each contained twenty-five mice infected with schistosoma mansoni (group ii), toxocara canis (group iii) and trichinella spiralis (group iv). each infected group was divided into two subgroups (a,b). subgroup (a) left unt ...19968754657
[phosphocholine antigens in muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis].crude t. spiralis larval antigens often cross-react with antibodies to other parasites (for instance toxocara canis) in the elisa test. the crossreactivity of the sera is probably due to the presence of phosphocholine (pc)-specific antibodies to antigens found in the inner layer of the cuticle, in the haemolymph, genital primordium and glycogen aggregates t. spiralis larvae. the anti-pc response following infection with t. spiralis occurs earlier than the antispecific antigens response. the abov ...19968755146
diagnostic parasitology. 19968681293
some epidemiologic features of canine neosporosis in denmark.from a serological survey of 98 dogs, the overall prevalence of subclinical neosporosis among dogs in denmark was estimated as 15.3%. from a questionnaire completed at the time of blood sampling in 87 dogs, it was found that exposure to cats could be a risk factor for the infection in dogs (odds ratio 3.46; 95% confidence limit 1.1-11.4). further, it was shown that the antibody response in a pregnant dog increased markedly during gestation, suggesting that the parasite may be reactivated during ...19968686180
toxocara canis infection in preschool age children: risk factors and the cognitive development of preschool children.risk factors for toxocara canis (t. canis) infection were evaluated in a prospective study of disadvantaged preschool children. in addition, the hypothesis that t. canis exposure is associated with lower intelligence was tested. seropositivity was tested at 2 years, 3 years, and at 4 years 10 months (4-10). intelligence was measured at age 4-10 by the full scale iq of the wechsler preschool and primary scales of intelligence (wppsi). pica and ownership of a dog were unrelated to seropositivity. ...19968709928
parasitic causes of hepatomegaly in children.three hundred children with hepatomegaly were selected. they were subjected to full clinical and laboratory examinations. also serum samples were examined to detect igg using elisa against sea, chromatography purified hydatid cyst antigen, commercially available toxoplasma antigen, partially purified adult fasciola antigen and second-stage larvae toxocara canis antigen. ifat was used to detect igg against toxoplasma and t. canis. a commercially available ihat kit for leishmaniasis was used. base ...19968721239
antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and other nematodes.we used elisa and immunoblotting to investigate antigenic cross-reactivity in mice between third-stage larvae of anisakis simplex and five other nematodes: the ascaridoids ascaris suum, toxocara canis and hysterothylacium aduncum, and the nonascaridoids trichinella spiralis and trichuris muris. two sera were raised against each species (including a. simplex, but excluding a. suum), by infection or by immunization with somatic antigens. serum against a. suum was raised by immunization only. the r ...19968740558
eosinophil chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from toxocara canis-infected rats.we examined eosinophil chemotactic activity (eca) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) obtained from rats infected with toxocara canis. for 4 weeks after infection, the number of eosinophils was determined in peripheral blood and balf. eca was assayed using a microchemotaxis chamber. eosinophils in peripheral blood and balf increased markedly after infection, peaking at 12 days and 2 weeks, respectively. eca in balf also increased significantly and peaked 2 weeks after infection. partial chara ...19968605701
an abundantly expressed mucin-like protein from toxocara canis infective larvae: the precursor of the larval surface coat glycoproteins.evasion of host immunity by toxocara canis infective larvae is mediated by the nematode surface coat, which is shed in response to binding by host antibody molecules or effector cells. the major constituent of the coat is the tes-120 glycoprotein series. we have isolated a 730-bp cdna from the gene encoding the apoprotein precursor of tes-120. the mrna is absent from t. canis adults but hyperabundant in larvae, making up approximately 10% of total mrna, and is trans-spliced with the nematode 5' ...19968643687
pleural effusion and toxocariasis.the case history is described of a woman who presented with bilateral pleural effusions caused by toxocara canis infestation. the condition responded rapidly to treatment.19968658358
evaluation of crude and purified toxocara canis antigens in serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis.three serological tests: immunodiffusion (id), counterimmunoelectrophoresis (ciep) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were used to study the role of crude adult worm antigen (cawa) of toxocara canis and each of its purified fractions in the serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis. sensitivities of the three tests were lower in the ocular than in the visceral group, using different antigens. purified fraction 1 showed more sensitive and specific reactions in the three tests, compared to ca ...199617217016
il-5 drives eosinophils from bone marrow to blood and tissues in a guinea-pig model of visceral larva migrans syndrome.this study was undertaken to evaluate the role of il-5 in eosinophil migration and in the maintenance of eosinophilia in a guinea-pig model of visceral larva migrans syndrome. the results show that the infection of animals with toxocara canis induced an early increase in serum il-5 levels that might be essential for eosinophil differentiation and proliferation and for the development of eosinophilia. when infected guinea-pigs were treated with mab anti-il-5 (trfk-5) given at the same time or 1 o ...199618475693
pulmonary nodules due to toxocara canis infection in an immunocompetent adult.infection with toxocara canis is well described in the pediatric literature but is reported less commonly in adults. we report a case of t canis infection manifested as abdominal pain with diarrhea, eosinophilia, and diffuse noncavitating nodules in an immunocompetent adult.19979003832
immunological characteristics and localization of the trichinella spiralis glutathione s-transferase.trichinella spiralis glutathione s-transferase (tsgst) was isolated from crude extracts of l1 larvae by glutathione-affinity chromatography. two closely migrating polypeptides with molecular masses of 28.5 and 28 kda were identified by electrophoresis. three isoforms of pi 5.6, 5.8, and 6.0 were detected by isoelectric focusing. purified tsgst showed a low transferase activity as measured with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene; glutathione peroxidase activity was also demonstrated using cumene hydrope ...19979267403
variation in the larval recovery of toxocara canis from the murine brain: implications for behavioural studies.the migratory pathway of toxocara canis larvae was determined by infecting mice with a low, medium or high dose of embryonated t. canis eggs and determining numbers of larvae present in the brain, liver, lungs, kidneys and muscle on days 5, 14 and 26 post infection. variation was seen in the numbers of larvae recorded in the organs of mice which had received the same number of eggs and were at the same stage of infection. this variation was particularly marked in the brain indicating that, for t ...19979271474
the significance of hepatic lesions associated with small adrenocortical tumours in childhood.small adrenocortical tumours in children are rarely associated with hepatic pathology. we present two case reports of children with hepatic pathology associated with small adrenal tumours on computed tomography. one child had multiple granulomatous lesions due to toxocariasis and the other had focal nodular hyperplasia. hepatic lesions seen in association with small adrenal tumours in childhood may represent coincidental rather than metastatic pathology.19979486055
[toxocara canis (nematoda) and toxocariasis of animals and humans].some aspects of dog toxocarosis and syndrome of visceral larva migrans in human toxocarosis, particularly in children were presented. in detail the morphological characters and biology of toxocara canis, its pathogenicity, ways of invasions as well as conditions favouring the spreading of parasites were discussed. attention was paid to the efficacy of diagnosis of invasions, treatment and prophylaxis. the current toxocarosis threat was analysed and epidemiological prognosis was moved forward.19979289925
long-term survey on intestinal nematode and cestode infections in stray puppies ibaraki prefecture.we conducted the survey on intestinal nematode, mainly toxocara canis, and cestode infections in stray puppies aged less than 5 months in ibaraki prefecture for 8 years from 1988 to 1995. the rate of t. canis infection stayed almost unchanged for the 8 years and ranged from 72.2 to 85.4%. of the total 916 dogs, 732 (79.9%) harboured with t. canis. the average rates of other helminthic infections showed 24.6 (diphylidium caninum), 2.5 (trichuris vulpis), 1.2 (ancylostoma caninum) and 0.7% (spirom ...19979300373
[toxocariasis: a case report].the authors present a case of infestation by toxocara canis occurring in a eighteen months' child. a first time he was hospitalised for wheezing, reported hypereosinophilia and a thoracic x-ray with a soften congestion in the right lung's base. two months later he was admitted to hospital for the persistence of high level of eosinocyte. the clinical tests and the patient's history explain the first symptoms like the passage of the toxocara's larvae in the lungs, but don't justify the anomalous b ...19979312752
aspects of toxocara epidemiology: human toxocarosis.toxocarosis is the clinical disease in man caused by infection of zoonotic roundworms of dogs and cats, toxocara canis and t. cati. in this review the mode of transmission to the human by oral ingestion of toxocara eggs from the environment is discussed. t. cati seems to play a more important role than generally suggested. direct contact with animals is not considered a potential risk because embryonation of excreted toxocara ova requires a minimum of 2 weeks. for the same reason there is no rel ...19979347221
aspects of toxocara epidemiology: toxocarosis in dogs and cats.toxocara canis and toxocara cati are common roundworms of dogs and cats. in this review the life cycles of these parasites are described, including the various routes of transmission, such as transplacental, transmammary infection, and infection through paratenic hosts. the somatic and tracheal migration in the body of the hosts after infection with toxocara eggs or larvae is discussed, with special reference to age resistance and differences between dog and cat. the clinical symptoms and pathol ...19979347222
recidivous acute urticaria caused by anisakis simplex.this study aimed to determine the cause of acute recidivous urticaria in patients who usually eat fish or other seafood. twenty-five patients were studied. the skin prick test with larval anisakis simplex extract was performed; total and specific ige against a. simplex was measured with the cap system; specific antibodies to a. simplex were determined by elisa; and immunorecognition patterns of the sera were studied by western blot. nineteen patients showed specific ige to a. simplex, but specif ...19979360749
monoclonal antibodies multireactive with parasite antigens produced by hybridomas generated from naive mice.hybridoma clones producing igm naturally occurring (natural) antibodies were generated from naive balb/c mice and characterized for reactivity against parasite antigens. ascites of mice injected with these hybridomas reacted with toxoplasma gondii soluble antigen at levels approximately 1000-10,000 times higher than serum pooled from mice used for generating hybridomas as determined by a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. western blot analysis indicated that these monoclonal antibod ...19979364565
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