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malacological investigation of the fully operational nam theun 2 hydroelectric dam project in khammouane province, central lao pdr.we conducted a malacological investigation in four districts of the nam theun 2 (nt2) hydroelectric dam project area, khammouane province, central lao pdr (nakai, gnommalath, mahaxai and xe bang fai), after the first and second years of full operation in march 2010 and november 2011 to determine health risks for humans. a total 10,863 snail specimens (10 families/23 species) from 57 sampling stations and 12,902 snail specimens (eight families/21 species) from 66 sampling stations were collected ...201526863858
association between praziquantel treatment and cholangiocarcinoma: a hospital-based matched case-control study.infection by the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, remains an important public health problem in thailand and has resulted in the highest prevalence of infection and incidence of subsequent cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in the world. praziquantel (pzq) is the antihelminthic drug of choice for treatment. previous studies in hamsters showed that repeated infection and pzq treatment could increase the risk of cca. however, the few available epidemiology studies in humans have shown unclear evidence o ...201526496745
carcinogenic parasite secretes growth factor that accelerates wound healing and potentially promotes neoplasia.infection with the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini induces cancer of the bile ducts, cholangiocarcinoma (cca). injury from feeding activities of this parasite within the human biliary tree causes extensive lesions, wounds that undergo protracted cycles of healing, and re-injury over years of chronic infection. we show that o. viverrini secreted proteins accelerated wound resolution in human cholangiocytes, an outcome that was compromised following silencing of expression of the fluke-de ...201526485648
pathological characteristics of intraductal polypoid neoplasms of bile ducts in thailand.intraductal papillary or tubular neoplasms of the bile duct have recently been proposed as one of the pre-invasive lesions of cholangiocarcinoma. herein, a total of 50 cases of intraluminal polypoid neoplasms of the bile ducts experienced in khon kaen university hospital in thailand were pathologically examined. these cases presumably had a history of infection of opisthorchis viverrini. these neoplasms were histologically composed of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm showing a tubular and/pap ...201526339398
data set from the proteomic analysis of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos snails upon infection with the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini.the snail bithynia siamensis goniomphalos acts as the first intermediate host for the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini, the major cause of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in northeast thailand. this data article contains the results obtained from the analysis of the proteins differentially expressed in the snail b. siamensis goniomphalos upon infection with o. viverrini. it contains the data generated from iquantitator software including a pdf of each sample with a protein׳s relative expression ...201526217698
risk areas of liver flukes in surin province of thailand using geographic information system.opisthorchiasis, caused by opisthorchis viverrini, is of considerable public health importance in southeast asia, particularly in lao pdr and thailand.201526201130
localization of tubulin from the carcinogenic human liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini, is of considerable public health importance in southeast asia, particularly in lao people's democratic republic and thailand. the infection is associated with a number ofhepatobiliary diseases including cholangitis, obstructive jaundice, hepatomegaly, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma.201526201128
the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini among rural community people in northeast thailand: a cross- sectional descriptive study using multistage sampling technique.opisthorchis viverrini infection is a serious public health problem in southeast asia especially in the northeast and north of thailand. therefore, a cross-sectional survey using multistage sampling was conducted from the rural communities of surin province, thailand, during september 2013 to july 2014. o. viverrini infection was determined using kato's thick smear technique. socio-demographic, information resources, and history data were collected using predesigned semi-structured questionnaire ...201526625801
excretory/secretory products of the carcinogenic liver fluke are endocytosed by human cholangiocytes and drive cell proliferation and il6 production.liver fluke infection caused by opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of asia including thailand, lao pdr, vietnam and cambodia, where there is a strikingly high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (cca - hepatic cancer of the bile duct epithelium). among other factors, uptake of o. viverrini excretory/secretory products (oves) by biliary epithelial cells has been postulated to be responsible for chronic inflammation and proliferation of cholangiocytes, but the m ...201526187786
[a 55-year old thai male patient with acute right upper quadrant abdominal pain].we report on a 55-year-old thai male who presented during a visit to germany with acute abdominal pain in the right upper quadrant and signs of cholestasis. the diagnosis of liver fluke infection (opisthorchiasis) was confirmed by the detection of the characteristic eggs of opisthorchis viverrini in stool microscopy. the patient was treated with praziquantel. opisthorchiasis is a common parasitic disease and major public health problem in southeast asia and in eastern europe.201526116106
apoptosis of cholangiocytes modulated by thioredoxin of carcinogenic liver fluke.chronic infection with the food-borne liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, frequently induces cancer of the bile ducts, cholangiocarcinoma. opisthorchiasis is endemic in thailand, lao pdr, cambodia and vietnam, where eating undercooked freshwater fish carrying the juvenile stage of this pathogen leads to human infection. because inhibition of apoptosis facilitates carcinogenesis, this study investigated modulation by thioredoxin from o. viverrini of apoptosis of bile duct epithelial cells, chola ...201526007234
specific diagnosis of opisthorchis viverrini using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) targeting parasite microsatellites.opisthorchis viverrini and other food-borne trematode infections are major health problems in thailand, the lao people's democratic republic, vietnam and cambodia. differential diagnosis of o. viverrini based on the microscopic observation of parasite eggs is difficult in areas where clonorchis sinensis and minute intestinal flukes coexist. recently, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) has been widely used for detection and identification of trematode for its simple method that is usef ...201525268466
intestinal helminths recovered from humans in xieng khouang province, lao pdr with a particular note on haplorchis pumilio infection.a survey of intestinal helminths was undertaken in riparian people in xieng khouang province, lao pdr. fecal specimens were collected from 643 people (289 males and 354 females) residing in 4 districts (nonghet, kham, phoukout, and pek) and were examined by the kato-katz technique. the overall helminth egg positive rate was 41.2%, and hookworms revealed the highest prevalence (32.7%) followed by trichuris trichiura (7.3%) and ascaris lumbricoides (5.6%). the positive rate for small trematode egg ...201526323842
infection status of zoonotic trematode metacercariae in fishes from vientiane municipality and champasak province in lao pdr.the infection status of fishborne zoonotic trematode (fzt) metacercariae was investigated in fishes from 2 localities of lao pdr. total 157 freshwater fishes (17 species) were collected in local markets of vientiane municipality and champasak province in december 2010 and july 2011, and each fish was examined by the artificial digestion method. total 6 species of fzt metacercariae, i.e., opisthorchis viverrini, haplorchis taichui, haplorchis yokogawai, haplorchis pumilio, centrocestus formosanus ...201526323843
comparative evaluation of strongyloides ratti and s. stercoralis larval antigen for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in an endemic area of opisthorchiasis.the use of strongyloides ratti as heterologous antigen for serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis is preferable to strongyloides from humans due to the ease and safety of antigen preparation. in southeast asia where opisthorchis viverrini coexists with strongyloides stercoralis, there has been no report in using s. ratti for serodiagnosis of s. stercoralis. in this study, performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on s. ratti was compared with that based on s. stercoralis for d ...201525877389
epidemiology of strongyloides stercoralis on mekong islands in southern laos.strongyloides stercoralis is a neglected helminth infection potentially that can lead to systemic infection in immunocompromised individuals. in lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr, laos), information on s. stercoralis infection is scarce. we assessed s. stercoralis infection and associated risk factors and symptoms on the mekong islands in southern laos. baermann and kato-katz techniques were performed on two stool samples from each individual to detect s. stercoralis larvae and concomita ...201525291044
repeated stool sampling and use of multiple techniques enhance the sensitivity of helminth diagnosis: a cross-sectional survey in southern lao people's democratic republic.intestinal parasitic infections are common in lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr). we investigated the accuracy of the kato-katz (kk) technique in relation to varying stool sampling efforts, and determined the effect of the concurrent use of a quantitative formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (fect) for helminth diagnosis and appraisal of concomitant infections. the study was carried out between march and may 2006 in champasack province, southern lao pdr. overall, 485 individual ...201525225157
functional analysis of the unique cytochrome p450 of the liver fluke opisthorchis felineus.the basic metabolic cytochrome p450 (cyp) system is essential for biotransformation of sterols and xenobiotics including drugs, for synthesis and degradation of signaling molecules in all living organisms. most eukaryotes including free-living flatworms have numerous paralogues of the cyp gene encoding heme monooxygenases with specific substrate range. notably, by contrast, the parasitic flatworms have only one cyp gene. the role of this enzyme in the physiology and biochemistry of helminths is ...201526625139
why does infection with some helminths cause cancer?infections with opisthorchis viverrini, clonorchis sinensis and schistosoma haematobium are classified as group 1 biological carcinogens: definitive causes of cancer. these worms are metazoan eukaryotes, unlike the other group 1 carcinogens including human papilloma virus, hepatitis c virus, and helicobacter pylori. by contrast, infections with phylogenetic relatives of these helminths, also trematodes of the phylum platyhelminthes and major human pathogens, are not carcinogenic. these inconsist ...201526618199
genome mining offers a new starting point for parasitology research.parasites including helminthes, protozoa, and medical arthropod vectors are a major cause of global infectious diseases, affecting one-sixth of the world's population, which are responsible for enormous levels of morbidity and mortality important and remain impediments to economic development especially in tropical countries. prevalent drug resistance, lack of highly effective and practical vaccines, as well as specific and sensitive diagnostic markers are proving to be challenging problems in p ...201525563615
clonorchis sinensis, an oriental liver fluke, as a human biological agent of cholangiocarcinoma: a brief review.parasitic diseases remain an unarguable public health problem worldwide. liver fluke clonorchis sinensis is a high risk pathogenic parasitic helminth which is endemic predominantly in asian countries, including korea, china, taiwan, vietnam, and the far eastern parts of russia, and is still actively transmitted. according to the earlier 8th national survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in 2012, c. sinensis was revealed as the parasite with highest prevalence of 1.86% in ge ...201627418285
hypothetical granulin-like molecule from fasciola hepatica identified by bioinformatics analysis.fasciola hepatica is considered an emergent human pathogen, causing liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, conditions that are known to be direct causes of cancer. some parasites have been categorized by who as carcinogenic agents such as opisthorchis viverrini, a relative of f. hepatica. although these two parasites are from the same class (trematoda), the role of f. hepatica in carcinogenesis is unclear. we hypothesized that f. hepatica might share some features with o. viverrini and to be responsible t ...201627386259
carcinogenesis associated with parasites other than schistosoma, opisthorchis and clonorchis: a systematic review.only three helminths (schistosoma haematobium, opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis) are directly associated with carcinogenesis in humans whereas the role of other parasites in cancer remains unclear. this study aimed to perform a systematic review to identify recent insights in the role of other parasite infections in carcinogenesis. we conducted systematic searches of medline and embase on july 2015. our primary outcome was the association between parasitic infections and carcinogen ...201626840624
prevalence of trematode larvae in intermediate hosts: snails and fish in ko ae sub-district of khueang nai, ubon ratchathani province, thailand.ko ae sub-district of khueang nai, ubon ratchathani province, thailand is located in an endemic area for opisthorchis viverrini and other fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (fzt) infection. this study shows the status in ko ae sub-district of fzt infection based on availability of intermediate hosts and necessary requirements for the transmission of fzt. a cross-sectional survey of intermediate hosts of fzt, including bithynia siamensis goniomphalos and cyprinoid fish, was conducted from april 2013 ...201627405122
the complete mitochondrial genome of metorchis orientalis (trematoda: opisthorchiidae): comparison with other closely related species and phylogenetic implications.metorchis orientalis (trematoda: opisthorchiidae) is an important trematode infecting many animals and humans, causing metorchiasis. in the present study, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of m. orientalis was sequenced. the complete mt genome of m. orientalis is 13,834 bp circular dna molecule and contains 12 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, and two ribosomal rna genes. the gene content and arrangement of m. orientalis is the same as those of opisthorchiidae trematodes (opistho ...201626805437
hemozoin is a product of heme detoxification in the gut of the most medically important species of the family opisthorchiidae.many species of trematodes such as schistosoma spp., fasciola hepatica and echinostoma trivolvis are blood-feeding parasites. nevertheless, there is no consensus on the feeding habits of the family opisthorchiidae (opisthorchis felineus, opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis). previously, histological studies of o. felineus and c. sinensis revealed some dark stained material in their gut lumen. in this study we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the gut contents of three members of t ...201626812025
chromosome morphometry in opisthorchiid species (platyhelminthes, trematoda).few existing studies have dealt with cytogenetics in trematodes, largely due to the attendant technical difficulty of chromosome preparation. we performed a comparative analysis of chromosomes in five opistorchiid species, including opisthorchis felineus rivolta, 1884, opisthorchis viverrini poirier, 1886, clonorchis sinensis cobbold, 1875, metorchis xanthosomus creplin 1846, and metorchis bilis (braun, 1790) odening, 1962. for some of these species, no detailed morphometric description of their ...201627404484
characterization and localization of opisthorchis viverrini fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection is a long-time public health problem in thailand that can lead to bile duct cancer, cholangiocarcinoma (cca). characterization of the ov proteins at a molecular level will increase our knowledge of host-parasite interaction that can be applied to new drug, vaccine, or immunodiagnostic development. in this study, an important enzyme in the ov glycolytic pathway, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fbpa), that had been obtained from a previous study was charac ...201627265876
helicobacter species are possible risk factors of cholangiocarcinoma.several infectious agents are considered to be causes of cancer in human, mainly hepatitis b and c viruses, high-risk human pailloma viruses, helicobacter pylori, clonorchis sinensis, and opisthorchis viverrini. here we described the evident research and the association between helicobacter spp. and biliary tract cancer particularly cholangiocarcinoma (cca). global epidemiological studies have suggested that helicobacter spp. are possible risk factors for biliary tract diseases. molecular studie ...201626838240
phylogenetic characterization of clonorchis sinensis proteins homologous to the sigma-class glutathione transferase and their differential expression profiles.glutathione transferase (gst) is one of the major antioxidant proteins with diverse supplemental activities including peroxidase, isomerase, and thiol transferase. gsts are classified into multiple classes on the basis of their primary structures and substrate/inhibitor specificity. however, the evolutionary routes and physiological environments specific to each of the closely related bioactive enzymes remain elusive. the sigma-like gsts exhibit amino acid conservation patterns similar to the pr ...201626792248
clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis spp. in vietnam: current status and prospects.clonorchis sinensis and opisthorchis viverrini are clinically important small liver flukes because of their known association with development of cholangiocarcinoma. in vietnam, high prevalence of c. sinensis infection in humans was previously reported in northern provinces, and o. viverrini infection has been detected in several central provinces. however, diagnosis of c. sinensis and o. viverrini infections in the past was merely based on faecal egg examination. this method alone can lead to m ...201626740358
characterization and functional analysis of fatty acid binding protein from the carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini.in the present study, the cdna encoding fabp (ov-fabp) was isolated from the adult stage of opisthorchis viverrini and characterized. the ov-fabp protein sequence (107 amino acids) was predicted to have a molecular mass of 12.26kda and an isoelectric point (pi) of 6.82. this sequence had a high identity and similarity to cs-fabp of the related opisthorchid clonorchis sinensis. multiple sequence alignment with fabps from other parasitic flatworms and mammals showed a number of conserved amino aci ...201627143603
whole transcriptome profiling of adult and infective stages of the trematode opisthorchis felineus.opisthorchis felineus, the trematode belonging to the family opisthorchiidae, is a causative agent of the infection called opisthorchiasis or liver fluke infection. being a close relative of opisthorchis viverrini and clonorchis sinensis (oriental liver flukes) it is encountered in northern eurasia, especially in russia, kazakhstan, belarus, ukraine, and baltic countries. whole genome data for oriental liver flukes revealed their adaptations for life in the bile duct but our knowledge of o. feli ...201626363139
trematode diversity in the freshwater snail bithynia siamensis goniomphalos sensu lato from thailand and lao pdr.in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of trematode diversity in bithynia siamensis goniomphalos sensu lato, the first intermediate host of the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini s.l., the prevalence of larval trematode species was investigated in different localities in thailand and lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr). in thailand, snail samples were collected from 29 localities in the nine provinces: buri ram, surin, chaiya phum, maha sarakham, khon kaen, kalasin, mukdahan, sa ...201625997613
efficacy and safety of praziquantel against light infections of opisthorchis viverrini: a randomised parallel single blind dose-ranging trial.the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini, highly prevalent in southeast asia, is an important public health burden, including a risk factor for developing an aggressive bile duct cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, in chronically infected patients. praziquantel, administered at single 40 mg/kg in preventive chemotherapy programs and 3 x 25 mg/kg for individual treatment is the drug of choice, yet information on the nature of the dose-response relationship is lacking.201627927864
co-infections with liver fluke and helicobacter species: a paradigm change in pathogenesis of opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma?infection with the fish-borne liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini is classified by the international agency for research on cancer as a group 1 carcinogen: definitely carcinogenic in humans. cofactors likely contribute to bile duct cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) caused by this infection. here we review recent findings that address the role of liver fluke associated h. pylori in hepatobiliary disease and malignancy. we hypothesize that co-infection by o. viverrini and the bacillus helicobacter pylori ...201627919744
differential protein expression in the hemolymph of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos infected with opisthorchis viverrini.bithynia siamensis goniomphalos is a freshwater snail that serves as the first intermediate host of the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini. this parasite is a major public health problem in different countries throughout the greater mekong sub-region (thailand, southern vietnam, lao pdr and cambodia). chronic o. viverrini infection also results in a gradual increase of fibrotic tissues in the biliary tract that are associated with hepatobiliary diseases and contribute to cholangiocarcinoma ...201627893749
the lawa model: a sustainable, integrated opisthorchiasis control program using the ecohealth approach in the lawa lake region of thailand.opisthorchiasis caused by the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini is a major foodborne parasitic zoonotic disease in thailand and neighboring mekong countries. the infection is associated with several hepatobiliary diseases including cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the rates of cca in regions where the parasite is endemic are unprecedented. extensive research on various aspects of opisthorchiasis has been conducted in recent decades. however, the current status of o. viverrini infection in ...201627890720
pharmacokinetic study of praziquantel enantiomers and its main metabolite r-trans-4-oh-pzq in plasma, blood and dried blood spots in opisthorchis viverrini-infected patients.praziquantel (pzq) is the treatment of choice for infections with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini, a major health problem in southeast asia. however, pharmacokinetic (pk) studies investigating the disposition of pzq enantiomers (r- and s-pzq) and its main metabolite, r-trans-4-oh-pzq, in diseased patients are lacking. the implementation of a dried blood spot (dbs) sampling technique would ease the performance of pk studies in remote areas without clinical facilities. the aim of the presen ...201627152952
people participation towards opisthorchis viverrini prevention and control in chaiyaphum province, northeastern thailand.this cross-sectional descriptive and qualitative study was aimed to study the people participation and their approaches toward the human carcinogenic liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini, prevention and control in ban chaun sub-district administrative organization (bcsao) and bamnet narong sub-district municipality (bnsm), bamnet narong district, chaiyaphum province, thailand between june 2013 and february 2014. participants were purposive selected, included chiefs of sub-district administrative ...201626838206
modifying health behavior for liver fluke and cholangiocarcinoma prevention with the health belief model and social support theory.the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini is a serious health problem in thailand. infection is associated with cholangiocarcinoma (cca), endemic among human populations in northeast and north thailand where raw fish containing fluke metacercariae are frequently consumed. recently, thailand public health authorities have been organized to reduce morbidity and mortality particularly in the northeast through o. viverrini and cca screening projects. health modfication is one of activities included in ...201627644606
effects of fermentation time and low temperature during the production process of thai pickled fish (pla-som) on the viability and infectivity of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae.contamination of a popular fermented fish dish, pla-som, by opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae (ovmc) is a possible cause of carcinogenic liver fluke infection in thailand. affected individuals are at risk of bile duct cancer, which is a major health problem for people in the greater mekong subregion. in order to investigate concerns about food safety, we studied the effects of fermentation time and low temperature on the viability and infectivity of ovmc during the pla-som production process. ...201626587967
development and validation of an enantioselective lc-ms/ms method for the analysis of the anthelmintic drug praziquantel and its main metabolite in human plasma, blood and dried blood spots.praziquantel (pzq) is the treatment of choice against various trematode and cestode infections. to study the pharmacokinetics of pzq in patients infected with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini, we developed and validated an enantioselective liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of r - and s -pzq and its r -trans-4-oh-pzq metabolite in human plasma, blood and dried blood spots (dbs). the analytes were detected in the positive mode using selected re ...201626517852
cd44 variant-dependent redox status regulation in liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma: a target for cholangiocarcinoma treatment.expression of cd44, especially the variant isoforms (cd44v) of this major cancer stem cell marker, contributes to reactive oxygen species (ros) defense through stabilizing xct (a cystine-glutamate transporter) and promoting glutathione synthesis. this enhances cancer development and increases chemotherapy resistance. we investigate the role of cd44v in the regulation of the ros defense system in cholangiocarcinoma (cca). immunohistochemical staining of cd44v and p38(mapk) (a major ros target) ex ...201627176078
wound healing and cancer progression in opisthorchis viverrini associated cholangiocarcinoma.infection with the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini induces cancer of the bile ducts, cholangiocarcinoma (cca). it was shown previously that o. viverrini-secreted proteins accelerate wound resolution in human cholangiocytes. recombinant ov-grn-1 (o. viverrini-derived gene encoding granulin-like growth factor) induced angiogenesis and accelerated mouse wound healing. given the striking similarities of wound healing and cancer progression, here we discuss the major implications of this fin ...201627130317
nurses and television as sources of information effecting behavioral improvement regarding liver flukes in nakhon ratchasima province, thailand.liver fluke infection with opisthorchis viverrini and its associated cholangiocarcinoma constitute a serious problem in thailand. healthy behavior can decrease infection, therefore, the investigation of knowledge, attitude, and practice is need required in high risk areas.201627039731
decreased risk of cholangiocarcinogenesis following repeated cycles of opisthorchis viverrini infection-praziquantel treatment: magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and histopathological study in a hamster model.it has been suggested that repeated infection of opisthorchis viverrini followed by repeated treatment with praziquantel (pzq) increases risk of development of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). evidence for the prediction has accumulated based on findings of indirect approaches involving molecular changes and epidemiological trends. by contrast, here we directly monitored the impact of repeated liver fluke infection and treatment with pzq on cholangiocarcinogenesis in a rodent model of human opisthorchi ...201627143606
pipeline for the identification and classification of ion channels in parasitic flatworms.ion channels are well characterised in model organisms, principally because of the availability of functional genomic tools and datasets for these species. this contrasts the situation, for example, for parasites of humans and animals, whose genomic and biological uniqueness means that many genes and their products cannot be annotated. as ion channels are recognised as important drug targets in mammals, the accurate identification and classification of parasite channels could provide major prosp ...201626983991
reinfection by opisthorchis viverrini after treatment with praziquantel.the prevalence of infection by the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini (o. viverrini), has remained high in northeast thailand where it is a major risk factor for the eventual development of cholangiocarcinoma (cca). the infection is acquired by the consumption of dishes containing unsafely prepared freshwater fish, a dietary tradition which has proved resistant to change. since many people are aware that dosing with praziquantel (pzq) is a successful treatment for an episode of the infection, t ...201626925692
untangling the complexity of liver fluke infection and cholangiocarcinoma in ne thailand through transdisciplinary learning.this study demonstrates how a transdisciplinary learning approach provided new insights for explaining persistent opisthorchis viverrini infection in northern thailand, as well as elucidating problems of focusing solely on the parasite as a means of addressing high prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma. researchers from diverse backgrounds collaborated to design an investigative homestay program for 72 singaporean and thai university students in five northeast thai villages. the students explored how ...201626822781
xanthohumol inhibits stat3 activation pathway leading to growth suppression and apoptosis induction in human cholangiocarcinoma cells.stat3 plays a significant role in the development of cholangiocarcinoma (cca) associated with the liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini; ov). xanthohumol (xn), a prenylated flavonoid extracted from hops, has known anticancer activity and could potentially target stat3. the present study determined the effect of xn on stat3, as well as ascertained its usefulness against cca. the cca cell proliferation at 20 µm and 50 µm of xn was shown to inhibited, while 20 µm partially inhibited il-6-induced stat ...201626794001
population pharmacokinetic modeling of tribendimidine metabolites in opisthorchis viverrini-infected adults.there is a pressing need for alternative treatments against the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini oral tribendimidine is a promising candidate, but its population pharmacokinetic properties are unknown. two phase iia trials were conducted in laos in o. viverrini-infected adults receiving single oral doses of 25 to 600 mg tribendimidine administered as different formulations in each study (study 1 used 200-mg tablets, and study 2 used 50-mg tablets). venous whole blood, plasma, and capillary dri ...201627431233
tissue microbiome profiling identifies an enrichment of specific enteric bacteria in opisthorchis viverrini associated cholangiocarcinoma.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is the primary cancer of the bile duct system. the role of bile duct tissue microbiomes in cca tumorigenesis is unestablished. to address this, sixty primary cca tumors and matched normals, from both liver fluke (opisthorchis viverrini) associated (ova, n=28) and non-o. viverrini associated (non-ova, n=32) cancers, were profiled using high-throughput 16s rrna sequencing. a distinct, tissue-specific microbiome dominated by the bacterial families dietziaceae, pseudomonadac ...201627428430
genomics of worms, with an emphasis on opisthorchis viverrini - opportunities for fundamental discovery and biomedical outcomes.neglected tropical diseases cause substantial morbidity and mortality in animals and people globally. opisthorchiasis is one such disease, caused by the carcinogenic, asian liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini. this hepatobiliary disease is known to be associated with malignant cancer (cholangiocarcinoma, cca) and affects millions of people in asia, including thailand, lao people's democratic republic (pdr) and cambodia. no vaccine is available, and only one drug (praziquantel) is routinely emplo ...201626792076
detection of the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini using a mini parasep sf faecal parasite concentrator.the mini parasep sf fecal parasite concentrator (mpsfc) is a new modification of the closed concentration system, which can easily be adopted in any routine clinical pathology laboratory. here we describe our experience with the system in diagnosing opisthorchis viverrini. a total of 199 fecal samples was submitted for routine examination in the clinical pathology laboratory of suranaree university of technology hospital, nakhon ratchasima province, thailand, during august to october 2015. out o ...201626838241
chronic opisthorchis viverrini infection changes the liver microbiome and promotes helicobacter growth.adults of opisthorchis viverrini reside in the biliary system, inducing inflammation of bile ducts and cholangitis, leading to hepatobiliary disease (hbd) including cholangiocarcinoma. o. viverrini infection also has major implications for the bacterial community in bile ducts and liver. to investigate this in chronic o. viverrini infection (≥ 8 months p.i.), bacterial genomic dna from livers of hamsters and from worms was investigated using culture techniques, pcr for helicobacter spp. and high ...201627806126
identification and characterization of protein 14-3-3 in carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini.protein 14-3-3s are abundant phospho-serine/threonine binding proteins, which are highly conserved among eukaryotes. members of this protein family mediate metabolism and signal transduction networks through binding to hundreds of other protein partners. protein 14-3-3s have been studied in other species of parasitic helminthes, but little is known about this protein in the carcinogenic liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini. in this study, we identified and characterized protein 14-3-3s of o. viver ...201627989833
ultrasonographic features of hepatobiliary pathology in opisthorchiasis and opisthorchiasis-associated cholangiocarcinoma.infection with the liver fluke, opisthorchis viverrini (ov), is an important public health problem in northeast thailand where people have a habit of eating raw or inadequately cooked fish. opisthorchiasis is associated with a number of asymptomatic hepatobiliary abnormalities and cholangiocarcinoma (cca) that can be observed conveniently by ultrasonography. based on our accumulated data, characteristic features of ultrasonographic findings of hepatobiliary pathology in ov infection are reviewed ...201627956092
association between opisthorchis viverrini and leptospira spp. infection in endemic northeast thailand.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini is an important foodborne trematodiasis in thailand, laos and cambodia. interestingly, the opisthorchiasis endemic region overlaps with an area of leptospirosis emergence. here we report an association between opisthorchiasis and leptospirosis in thailand. of 280 sera collected from villagers living around the lawa wetland complex in khon kaen province, 199 (71%) were seropositive for leptospirosis by immunochromatography. individuals with o. vive ...201627746382
efficacy and safety of tribendimidine against opisthorchis viverrini: two randomised, parallel-group, single-blind, dose-ranging, phase 2 trials.treatment of the liver fluke infection opisthorchis viverrini relies exclusively on praziquantel. tribendimidine could be an alternative treatment option. we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of ascending single, oral doses of tribendimidine in patients with o viverrini infection.201627472949
a combination of liver fluke infection and traditional northeastern thai foods associated with cholangiocarcinoma development.opisthorchis viverrini infection is one of the risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in northeast thailand, a region with one of the highest reported incidence rates of cca. the traditional practice of eating raw fish, repeated exposure to liver flukes, and consumption of nitrosamine-contaminated food are major risk factors for cca. so far, there have been no reports about which northeastern traditional dishes may be involved in cca development. the present study, thus, investigated the effe ...201627271702
overweight relation to liver fluke infection among rural participants from 4 districts of nakhon ratchasima province, thailand.a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 730 participants from 4 rural districts of nakhon ratchasima province, thailand, with a reported high incidence of liver fluke infection. this study was aimed to examine and evaluate the nutritional status in relation to opisthorchis viverrini infection. participants were purposive selected from chum phuang, mueang yang, bua yai, and kaeng sanam nang districts. stool samples were prepared by kato katz technique and then assessed by microscopy. anthrop ...201627268631
assessing the role of landscape connectivity on opisthorchis viverrini transmission dynamics.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) is one of the most important human parasitic diseases in southeast asia. although the concept of connectivity is widely used to comprehend disease dispersal, knowledge of the influences of landscape connectivity on ov transmission is still rudimentary. this study aimed to investigate the role of landscape connectivity in ov transmission between the human and the first intermediate snail hosts. fieldwork was conducted in three villages respectively in kamalasai distric ...201627265875
similarity of a 16.5kda tegumental protein of the human liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini to nematode cytoplasmic motility protein.opisthorchis viverrini is the causative agent of human opisthorchiasis in thailand and long lasting infection with the parasite has been correlated with the development of cholangiocarcinoma. in this work we have molecularly characterized the first member of a protein family carrying two dm9 repeats in this parasite (ovdm9-1). interpro and other protein family databases describe the dm9 repeat as a protein domain of unknown function that has been first noted in drosophila melanogaster. two paral ...201627140280
immunization and challenge shown by hamsters infected with opisthorchis viverrini following exposure to gamma-irradiated metacercariae of this carcinogenic liver fluke.here we report findings to optimize and standardize conditions to attenuate metacercariae of opisthorchis viverrini by ionizing radiation to elicit protective immune responses to challenge infection. metacercariae were gamma-irradiated and the ability of irradiated metacercariae to prevent patent infection of challenge metacercariae in hamsters was determined, as well as their ability to induce a host antibody response. metacercariae irradiated in a dose-dependent manner, with 3, 5, 10, 12, 20, ...201625315797
proteomic characterization of the internalization of opisthorchis viverrini excretory/secretory products in human cells.the association between liver fluke infection caused by opisthorchis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma (cca - hepatic cancer of the bile duct epithelium) has been well established. multiple mechanisms play a role in the development of cca, but the excretory/secretory products released by o. viverrini (oves) represent the major interface between the parasite and its host, and their uptake by biliary epithelial cells has been suggested to be responsible for proliferation of cholangiocytes, the cell ...201626873540
upregulation of 14-3-3 eta in chronic liver fluke infection is a potential diagnostic marker of cholangiocarcinoma.to discover protein markers in chronic/advanced opisthorchiasis for the early detection of opisthorchis viverrini (ov)-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca).201626435198
changing patterns of prevalence in opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato infection in children and adolescents in northeast thailand.infection with the liver fluke opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (s.l.), a group 1 carcinogen, is the most important risk factor for developing cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in southeast asia. cholangiocarcinoma is a fatal disease with the world's highest incidence being found in northeast thailand. liver fluke infection occurs through eating raw or partially cooked cyprinid fish containing metacercariae and, therefore, the control of o. viverrini s.l. infection should lead to a reduction in cca inci ...201627794488
cpg oligodeoxynucleotides with crude parasite antigens reduce worm recovery in opisthorchis viverrini infected hamsters.opisthorchis viverrini, a human liver fluke, is still an endemic parasitic infection in thailand and nearly all countries in southeast asia. o. viverrini induces a chronic stage of infection in hamsters. during the first 2 weeks of infection, th1 inducing cytokine, il-12, increased but was down regulated in chronic infection. in this study it was found that unmethylated-cpg odn (oligodeoxynucleotides) 1826 increased hamster mononuclear cell proliferation and stimulated ifn-γ production in vitro. ...201627737764
nitrative and oxidative dna damage in infection-related carcinogenesis in relation to cancer stem cells.infection and chronic inflammation have been recognized as important factors for carcinogenesis. under inflammatory conditions, reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns) are generated from inflammatory and epithelial cells, and result in the formation of oxidative and nitrative dna lesions, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodg) and 8-nitroguanine. the dna damage can cause mutations and has been implicated in inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis. it has bee ...201628050219
cercarial emergence patterns for opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato infecting bithynia siamensis goniomphalos from sakon nakhon province, thailand.opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato is a food-borne trematode which is classified as a class 1 carcinogen, with infection potentially leading to cholangiocarcinoma. snails of the genus bithynia act as the first intermediate hosts and an amplifying point in the parasite life cycle. in order to investigate seasonal effect on transmission dynamics of o. viverrini in bithynia siamensis goniomphalos, cercarial emergence and output profiles were monitored at different season. a total of 4533 snails orig ...201627154765
efficacious and safe dose of praziquantel for the successful treatment of feline reservoir hosts with opisthorchiasis.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini is a major food-borne zoonosis in greater mekong sub-region. even though campaigns discouraging the consumption of raw fish have been launched to public, the disease still remains highly endemic. the unsuccessful eradication of the disease is probably because of the persistence of the parasite in animal reservoir hosts, particularly felids. praziquantel (pzq) is the drug of choice for morbidity control of opisthorchiasis in humans and animals. how ...201627576001
combination of praziquantel and aspirin minimizes liver pathology of hamster opisthorchis viverrini infection associated cholangiocarcinoma.opisthorchiasis is one of the major risk factors for cholangiocarcinoma (cca) in northeastern thailand. an effective drug for killing this parasite is praziquantel. recently, several reports have shown that with frequent use, praziquantel may itself be a cca risk and can cause liver cell damage from an immunopathological response after parasite death. aspirin has many properties including anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. therefore, we use of aspirin (as) and praziquantel (pz) to improve hepato ...201626277607
characterization and differential expression analysis of toxocara canis aquaporin-1 gene.toxocara canis is an intestinal nematode of canids with a worldwide distribution, causing an important but neglected parasitic zoonosis in humans. aquaporins (aqp) are a family of water channel proteins, which function as membrane channels to regulate water homeostasis. in this study, the coding sequence of aquaporin-1 gene of t. canis (tc-aqp-1) was cloned and characterized. the obtained tc-aqp-1 coding sequence was 933 bp in length, which predicted to encode 311 amino acids. two conserved aspa ...201627215210
single-ascending-dose pharmacokinetic study of tribendimidine in opisthorchis viverrini-infected patients.praziquantel is the only drug available for the treatment of opisthorchis viverrini infections. tribendimidine has emerged as a potential treatment alternative; however, its pharmacokinetic (pk) properties have not been sufficiently studied to date. via two phase iia dose-finding studies, 68 o. viverrini patients were treated with 25- to 600-mg doses of tribendimidine using 50- and 200-mg tablet formulations. plasma, blood, and dried blood spots (dbs) were sampled at selected time points. the tw ...201627431234
prevalence of opisthorchis viverrini-like fluke infection in ducks in binh dinh province, central vietnam.following the first report of opisthorchis viverrini infection in a domestic duck in phu my district of binh dinh province, central vietnam, many other cases were observed in the province. we determined the infection rate and intensity of o. viverrini infection in ducks in 4 districts of the province. a total of 178 ducks were randomly selected from 34 farms for examination of flukes in the liver and gall bladder. an infection rate of 34.3% (range 20.7-40.4% among districts) was found; the inten ...201627417094
upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) and its upstream regulators in opisthorchis viverrini associated cholangiocarcinoma and its clinical significance.endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) is an isoform of the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (nos) which is constitutively expressed in endothelial cells and plays important roles in vasodilation. we previously reported the importance of enos activation in cholangiocarcinoma (cca) tissues and cell lines. the present study aims to investigate the relative abundance of enos and phosphorylated enos (p-enos) and their upstream regulators vegfr3, vegfc, epha3 and ephrin-a1, in the opisthorchis viverrin ...201627143607
chicken igy-based coproantigen capture elisa for diagnosis of human opisthorchiasis.diagnosis of opisthorchis viverrini infection by conventional stool examination is increasingly difficult due to the low intensity of the infection after several rounds of control programmes in endemic regions as well as coinfections with intestinal flukes. therefore sensitive and specific diagnostic test is needed. in this study, a coproantigen sandwich elisa using recombinant o. viverrini cathepsin f (rov-cf) was developed. this sandwich elisa employing chicken igy raised against rov-cf in com ...201627140305
opisthorchis viverrini infections and associated risk factors in a lowland area of binh dinh province, central vietnam.opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini is a major public health problem in the mekong basin in south east asia. it is associated with cholangiocarcinoma, a fatal cancer of the bile duct, which is very common in some areas of thailand and lao pdr. although there is evidence of opisthorchiasis in the central and southern provinces of vietnam, data are scarce and vietnam is often not considered an opisthorchiasis endemic area in the international literature. we conducted a cross-sectional ...201626872984
re-examination of opisthorchis viverrini in nakhon ratchasima province, northeastern thailand, indicates continued needs for health intervention.opisthorchis viverrini infection is associated with cholangiocarcinoma particularly in the cases of chronic or re-infection. this presents a serious health problem in northeastern and northern thailand. a community base approach is required for surveillance. therefore, in a pilot project, re-examination of o. viverrini infection was conducted in the 3 districts of nakhon ratchasima province, thailand, during june and october 2015. a total of 355 participants from a 194,152 population, was select ...201626838215
andrographolide ameliorates beta-naphthoflavone-induced cyp1a enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation in hamsters with acute opisthorchiasis.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) infection generates oxidative stress/free radicals and is considered as a primary cause ofcholangiocarcinoma since it primarily triggers sclerosing cholangitis.201626817235
comparison of infectivity, metacercarial burden and host mortality induced by opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato cercariae from lao pdr compared with thailand in cyprinid fish, barbonymus gonionotus.previous studies indicate that opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (s.l.) is a species complex with strong associations to geographical regions, i.e., specific wetlands. the present study was conducted to compare the infectivity, establishment and metacercarial burden and survival of the fish host following exposure to o. viverrini s.l. cercariae isolates from two different river wetlands.201626740362
nanoencapsulated curcumin and praziquantel treatment reduces periductal fibrosis and attenuates bile canalicular abnormalities in opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters.this study investigated the effects of nanoencapsulated curcumin (nec) and praziquantel (pzq) treatment on the resolution of periductal fibrosis (pdf) and bile canalicular (bc) abnormalities in opisthorchis viverrini infected hamsters. chronic o. viverrini infection (ov) was initially treated with either pzq (op) and subsequently treated with nec (op+nec), curcumin (op+cur) or unloaded carriers (op+carrier) daily for one month. op+nec treatment reduced the pdf by suppression of fibrotic markers ...201626542278
diagnosis of opisthorchis viverrini infection with handheld microscopy in lao people's democratic republic.opisthorchiasis is a neglected tropical disease, yet it is of considerable public health importance in southeast asia given the predilection for chronically infected persons to develop cholangiocarcinoma. we evaluated a handheld microscope for the diagnosis of opisthorchis viverrini in a community-based setting in lao people's democratic republic in comparison with conventional light microscopy. in stool samples collected from 104 individuals, handheld microscopy revealed a sensitivity of 70.6% ...201626526923
genetic differences among haplorchis taichui populations in indochina revealed by mitochondrial cox1 sequences.haplorchis taichui is an intestinal heterophyid fluke that is pathogenic to humans. it is widely distributed in asia, with a particularly high prevalence in indochina. previous work revealed that the lack of gene flow between three distinct populations of vietnamese h. taichui can be attributed to their geographic isolation with no interconnected river basins. to test the hypothesis that interconnected river basins allow gene flow between otherwise isolated populations of h. taichui, as previous ...201627411962
prevalence and factors associated with opisthorchis viverrini infection in khammouane province, lao pdr.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) liver flukes are common parasites found in central and southern laos and constitute a major public health problem in the country. laos people continue to have the habit of extensively consuming raw or half-cooked fish which are intermediate hosts. this study aimed to study the prevalence and factors associated with ov infection in the population of thakek district, khammouane province. this cross-sectional analytic study covered 237 subjects who filled out structured ...201627039810
plasma peptidome as a source of biomarkers for diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) is the bile duct cancer which constitutes one of the important public health problems in thailand with high mortality rate, especially in the opisthorchis viverrini (a parasite risk factor for cca) endemic area of the northeastern region of the country. this study aimed to identify potential biomarkers from the plasma peptidome by cca patients. peptides were isolated using 10 kda cut-off filter column and the flow-through was then used as a peptidome for lc-ms/ms analysi ...201627039742
opisthorchis viverrini infection among people in the border areas of three provinces, northeast of thailand.opisthorchis viverrini is still a serious problem in northeastern and northern thailand. active surveillance is required to determine updated data for further prevention and control planning. therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for o. viverrini in three provinces, northeastern thailand. a cross- sectional survey was conducted during october 2015 to march 2016 at kaeng sanam nang district of nakhon ratchasima province, waeng noi district of khon kaen province, a ...201627356720
suspected cases of cholangiocarcinoma seen in reference hospitals in lao people's democratic republic.cholangiocarcinoma (cca) poses a significant public health problem in southeast asia, with chronic opisthorchis viverrini infection being the main risk factor. epidemiological data on cca is not available for lao people democratic republic (lao pdr), though there is a high prevalence of o. viverrini infection in the country. a hospital record-based retrospective study was carried out in six referral hospitals (four in the capital city, one in savannakhet, one in pakse) to assess the number of su ...201627965165
glycoproteomics analysis of plasma proteins associated with opisthorchis viverrini infection-induced cholangiocarcinoma in hamster model.to apply lectin affinity chromatography and glycoproteomics-based lc-ms/ms to preliminarily investigate the possible potential plasma biomarkers of opisthorchis viverrini (ov)-associated cca in ov/dimethylnitrosamine (dmn)-induced cca hamster model.201627955744
uncovering the pathogenic landscape of helminth (opisthorchis viverrini) infections: a cross-sectional study on contributions of physical and social environment and healthcare interventions.helminth infections have proven recalcitrant to control by chemotherapy in many parts of southeast asia and indeed farther afield. this study isolates and examines the influence of different aspects of the physical and social environment, and uneven intervention effort contributing to the pathogenic landscape of human opisthorchis viverrini infections.201627926938
seasonal and spatial environmental influence on opisthorchis viverrini intermediate hosts, abundance, and distribution: insights on transmission dynamics and sustainable control.opisthorchis viverrini (ov) is a complex-life-cycle trematode affecting 10 million people in sea (southeast asia). human infection occurs when infected cyprinid fish are consumed raw or undercooked. ov requires three hosts and presents two free-living parasitic stages. as a consequence ov transmission and infection in intermediate and human hosts are strongly mediated by environmental factors and understanding how environmental variability influences intermediate host abundance is critical. the ...201627880787
infectivity and development of opisthorchis viverrini metacercariae in immunosuppressed barbonymus gonionotus fingerlings (cyprinidae).opisthorchiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini infection, is a serious public health problem in lao pdr, cambodia, vietnam and thailand. cyprinid fish are required for the transmission of o. viverrini metacercariae to fish eating-mammal hosts including humans. the transmission of infective metacerariae is an important event, potentially resulting in the development of cholangiocarcinoma in cases of chronic opisthorchiasis. for a better understanding of the development of o. viverrini metacerca ...201627338181
induction of regulatory t cells by opisthorchis viverrini.opisthorchis viverrini causes public health problems in south-east asia. recently, tgf-β and il-10 have been reported to increase in o. viverrini-infected hamsters but the sources of these cytokines are still unknown. in this study, the cd4(+) t cells in infected hamsters were investigated. it was demonstrated that il-4(+) cd4(+) t cells were significantly increased in hamster spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes (mlns) during chronic infection. interestingly, il-10(+) cd4(+) t cells were also dis ...201627552546
serum antibody ig g and ig m titers for opisthorchis felineus correlate with eggs in faeces--a comprehensive study in chuvash republic, russia.the cholangiocarcinoma is a. the risk of development of cholangiocarcinoma, generally a rare type of a liver tumor, increases during infection of opisthorchiasis. for this reason the timely detection of opisthorchiasis is important for cholangiocarcinoma prevention. there are many studies which concern the detection of pathogenesis of opisthorchis viverrini infection but a little known about opisthorchis felineus. in this study we investigate a correlation of the eggs which are found in a faeces ...201626838224
evaluation of cholangiocarcinoma risk and its related factors in wetland geographical communities of ubon ratchathani, thailand.wetland geographical areas have a higher incidence of opisthorchis viverrini-associated cholangiocarcinoma (cca), confirmed by data from geographic information systems, than other areas. behavioral data also indicate that people in these areas traditionally eat uncooked freshwater fish dishes, a vehicle for o. viverrini infection. the best approach to reducing cca incidence is decreasing risk factors together with behavior alteration. evaluation of cca risk and its related factors are first need ...201627221857
health informatics model for helminthiasis in thailand.at the beginning of the new millennium, helminth infections continue to be prevalent, particularly among impoverished populations. this study attempts to create the first health informatics model of helminthiasis in thailand. the authors investigate how a health informatics model could be used to predict the control and eradication in a national control campaign. fish-borne helminthiasis caused by opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of south-east asia, incl ...201627666946
morbidity assessment of opisthorchis viverrini infection in rural laos: i. parasitological, clinical, ultrasonographical and biochemical findings.infections with the food-borne trematode opisthorchis viverinni are common in southeast asia. in lao pdr alone, two million people are supposed to be infected. opisthorchiasis may cause severe liver disease, eventually leading to cholangiocarcinoma. the objective of this study is to assess the eating habits, complaints, symptoms, signs and ultrasonographical findings in three different areas of savannakhet province.201627433131
comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of schistosoma mekongi infection in lao people's democratic republic and cambodia.given the restricted distribution of schistosoma mekongi in one province in lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) and two provinces in cambodia, together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence, the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems feasible. however, sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been achieved. we compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in s. mekongi-ende ...201728793922
the complete mitochondrial genome of orthocoelium streptocoelium (digenea: paramphistomidae) for comparison with other digeneans.orthocoelium streptocoelium is a common paramphistome species parasitizing the rumen and/or reticulum of small ruminants, leading to significant losses. this study first determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of o. streptocoelium. the complete mt genome of o. streptocoelium was amplified, sequenced, assembled, analysed and then compared with those of other digeneans. the entire mt genome of o. streptocoelium is 13,800 bp in length, which is smaller than those of other digeneans except ...201727030161
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