Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the maxicircle of trypanosoma brucei kinetoplast dna hybridizes with a mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit ii. | a restriction endonuclease fragment of the maxicircle of trypanosoma brucei brucei kinetoplast dna hybridizes with a cloned mitochondrial dna sequence which encodes cytochrome oxidase subunit ii of zea mays. a cloned mitochondrial dna sequence encoding cytochrome oxidase subunit ii of saccharomyces cerevisiae also hybridized with kdna, but exhibits less homology with the maxicircle than does the maize gene. the hybridizing maxicircle dna was localized to a 2.8 kbp segment which is bounded by taq ... | 1982 | 6287257 |
| rna splicing is required to make the messenger rna for a variant surface antigen in trypanosomes. | the expression of the gene for variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) 118 in trypanosoma brucei is activated by transposing a dna segment containing the gene and 1-2 kb in front of it to an expression site elsewhere in the genome. by s1 nuclease protection and rna blotting experiments we show here the presence of several minor transcripts in trypanosomes synthesizing vsg 118, one of which covers the entire transposed segment. comparison of the sequence of the 5' terminal segment of vsg 118 messenger ... | 1982 | 6287414 |
| an analysis of cosmid clones of nuclear dna from trypanosoma brucei shows that the genes for variant surface glycoproteins are clustered in the genome. | trypanosoma brucei contains more than a hundred genes coding for the different variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs). activation of some of these genes involves the duplication of the gene (the basic copy or bc) and transposition of the duplicate to an expression site (yielding the expression-linked copy or elc). we have cloned large fragments of genomic dna in cosmid vectors in escherichia coli. cosmids containing the bcs of genes 117, 118 and 121 were readily obtained, but dna containing the el ... | 1982 | 6292859 |
| subcellular distribution of adenylate cyclase, cyclic-amp phosphodiesterase, protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatase in trypanosoma brucei. | the subcellular distribution of adenylate cyclase, cyclic-amp phosphodiesterase, protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatase in bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei was determined by isopycnic sucrose-gradient centrifugation of post-large-granule extracts. cyclic-amp phosphodiesterase was almost entirely soluble whereas adenylate cyclase was membrane-bound. the latter enzyme appeared to be absent from the plasma-membrane fraction but copurified with acid phosphatase and acid phosphodiester ... | 1982 | 6294515 |
| the iltat 1.4 surface antigen gene family of trypanosoma brucei. | the cdna sequence for the variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) expressed in trypanosoma brucei clone iltat 1.4 (called clone d for brevity) hybridizes strongly to three regions in trypanosome genomic dna. these three regions were extensively characterized by southern hybridization analyses, genomic dna cloning and dna sequence determinations. all three regions occur in the genomes of all trypanosome clones of the iltar 1 repertoire regardless of whether or not vsg d was being expressed. extensive ... | 1982 | 6294609 |
| ribosomal rna genes of trypanosoma brucei. cloning of a rrna gene containing a mobile element. | an ordered restriction map of the ribosomal rna genes of trypanosoma brucei brucei is presented. bgl ii fragments of t.b.brucei genomic dna were cloned into pat 153, and the clones containing rdna identified. restriction maps were established and the sense strands identified. one clone was shown by heteroduplex mapping to contain a 1.1 kb inserted sequence which was demonstrated to be widely distributed throughout the genomes of members of the subgenus trypanozoon. however, in two other subgener ... | 1982 | 6294613 |
| release of the surface coat from the plasma membrane of intact bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei requires ca2+. | 1982 | 6804262 | |
| role of calcium in trypanocidal drug action. | the synergistic effect of serum on the drug combination of salicylhydroxamic acid plus glycerol, which is active against trypanosoma brucei, is due to diffusible calcium ions. the synergistic activity can be removed by dialysis of the serum or by addition of calcium chelating agents. a buffer containing calcium can mimic the synergistic activity of serum. this finding may have important implications in the clinical management of african trypanosomiasis in humans. calcium also has a synergistic e ... | 1982 | 6805075 |
| molecular basis for trypanosome antigenic variation. | 1982 | 6811137 | |
| involvement of the glycosome of trypanosoma brucei in carbon dioxide fixation. | 1982 | 6811317 | |
| ornithine decarboxylase in trypanosoma brucei brucei: evidence for selective toxicity of difluoromethylornithine. | activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the major rate limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, was determined in bloodstream trypomastigotes of trypanosoma brucei brucei. the enzyme required pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, dithiothreitol and edta for optimal activity. several properties of the enzyme were investigated and compared to the mammalian enzyme. most notably, the parasite enzyme was greater than 60-fold more sensitive to the inhibitor dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine than its mammalian counter ... | 1982 | 6813460 |
| cryptic stage of sleeping-sickness trypanosome developing in choroid plexus epithelial cells. | electronmicrographs of the choroid plexus from rats infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense showed that trypomastigotes from the perivascular spaces may penetrate and undergo multiple division in the ependymal cells which locally constitute the blood-brain barrier. progressive degeneration of the ependymal cell liberates trypomastigotes back into the perivascular space, from which re-entry into the blood may occur. re-entry to the blood does not take place from any tissues other than the br ... | 1982 | 6814567 |
| hepatic microsomal alterations during chronic trypanosomiasis in the field vole, microtus montanus. | the field vole, microtus montanus, was used as a model system to evaluate the chronic effects of infection by trypanosoma brucei gambiense on hepatic mixed-function oxidase activity. at day 28 post inoculation there was a 97% increase in liver wet weight per g body weight. a portion of the increase (21%) was accounted for by tissue edema which occurred after day 14 of infection. total hepatic cytochrome p-450 content and related total tissue mixed-function oxidase activities were decreased to ab ... | 1982 | 7050701 |
| a mercury-thiol affinity system for rapid generation of overlapping labeled dna fragments for dna sequencing. | we describe an in vitro protocol for quickly generating overlapping terminal-labeled restriction fragments for dna sequence analysis via the maxam-gilbert technique. the protocol involves introducing mercurated nucleotides into one end of a region to be sequenced, partial digestion with several restriction enzymes and terminal-labeling, separation of the mercurated restriction enzymes and terminal-labeling, separation of the mercurated restriction fragments from non-mercurated ones on a thiol co ... | 1982 | 7050914 |
| effects of some african game animal sera on trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t.b. brucei clones. | the effects of different african game sera on trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t.b. brucei clones have been studied in vitro and in vivo, for the first time, using a modified version of the blood incubation infectivity test (biit). trypanosomes were incubated in vitro with serum samples from a number of different game animal species and their subsequent infectivity for proven susceptible rats then examined after one hour and 8 hours of serum incubation. sera from eland, waterbuck and, to a les ... | 1982 | 7051497 |
| the molecular biology of trypanosomes. | 1982 | 7051964 | |
| carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of glucose catabolism by trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | 13c nuclear magnetic resonance studies have been performed in vivo on trypanosoma brucei gambiense. the glycolytic pathway has been observed using specifically labelled 13c-enriched glucose and it has been ascertained that there is, under anaerobic conditions, predominant incorporation of c-1 of glucose into glycerol while there is complete randomisation of c-6 of glucose into glycerol and pyruvate. these observations cannot be reconciled by the embden-meyerhof glycolytic pathway, purportedly th ... | 1982 | 7056262 |
| trypanosoma brucei: nearest neighbor analysis on the major variable surface coat glycoprotein--crosslinking patterns with intact cells. | 1982 | 7056340 | |
| trypanosoma rhodesiense: evaluation of the antitrypanosomal action of 2,5-bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan dihydrochloride. | 1982 | 7056341 | |
| african trypanosome antigens recognized during the course of infection in n'dama and zebu cattle. | the humoral immune responses to trypanosoma brucei infection were examined in n'dama and in zebu, two breeds of cattle recognized for their differing susceptibility to trypanosomiasis. regardless of the clinical course, animals of both breeds produced antibodies to nonsurface trypanosome antigen(s) detectable by both immunodiffusion and immune fluorescence. as a new approach to assessment of the humoral response to trypanosome infection, protein antigens responded to were isolated by immune prec ... | 1982 | 7056571 |
| cyclical transmission of pathogenic trypanosoma species by gamma-irradiated sterile male glossina morsitans morsitans. | 1982 | 7070842 | |
| immune depression in african trypanosomiasis: the role of antigenic competition. | the capacity of trypanosome-infected cattle to mount an immune response to a simultaneous or subsequent challenge with other trypanosomes was investigated using various clones of trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei. in animals infected simultaneously with equal numbers of trypanosomes of two different clones, the variant-specific antibody response to one clone was severely depressed while the response to the other was not affected. in cattle infected with one clone and then subsequently challen ... | 1982 | 7075022 |
| trypanosoma brucei: effect of inhibition of n-linked glycosylation of the nearest neighbor analysis of the major variable surface coat glycoprotein. | as an assay for the surface deposition of newly synthesized major variable surface coat glycoprotein (vscg) we have treated intact trypanosoma brucei cells with the cleavable cross-linking reagent dithiobis-(succinimidyl propionate). under appropriate conditions, surface vscg is converted to oligomers of n not less than 8. the oligomeric protein, apparent molecular weight greater than 4 x 10(5), does not migrate more than 1 to 2 mm into a 3-15% linear polyacrylamide gradient gel containing 0.1% ... | 1982 | 7078577 |
| a portable system for the in vitro feeding of tsetse flies. | 1982 | 7082082 | |
| rapid evolution of genes coding for variant surface glycoproteins in trypanosomes. | we have used cloned dna complementary to the messenger rnas (mrnas) for different variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs) of trypanosoma brucei, stock 427, to study the degree of conservation of the corresponding nuclear genes in related trypanosome stocks. conservation of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites in and around these genes were assessed by hybridization of the complementary dna (cdna) probes to nuclear dna blots of these stocks. one of the genes (117) was found essentially unaltered ... | 1982 | 7084668 |
| carnitine stimulates atp synthesis in trypanosoma brucei brucei. | 1982 | 7095154 | |
| potential antitrypanosomal agents. 1,n2-disubstituted 2-amino-5-hydroxy-4-methylnaphtho[1,2-d]thiazolium salts and related compounds. | a series of 1-alkyl-2-(substituted-amino)-5-hydroxy-4-methylnaphtho[1,2-d]thiazoles having in vitro trypanocidal activity is described. several caused complete lysis of trypanosoma brucei organisms within 30 min at 10(-5) m. the presence of a hydrophobic substituent on the 2-amino group was associated with high antitrypanosomal activity. some analogues unsubstituted at the 1-position, a known class of compounds, were also active. none of the derivatives significantly prolonged the survival of t. ... | 1982 | 7097719 |
| the phospholipases of trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms and cultured procyclics. | phospholipase from trypanosoma brucei bloodstream forms was characterized and subsequently localized. the enzyme had a specific activity of 100 nmol . min-1 . mg-1 protein. the major portion (greater than 90%) was a soluble phospholipase a1 with a ph optimum around 6; the remainder, also phospholipase a1, was particle-bound and had an optimal activity around ph 5.2. both enzymes were maximally activated by 0.2% triton x-100 but differed in their sensitivity towards the inhibitory action of highe ... | 1982 | 7099206 |
| trypanosoma brucei: the mechanism of remission in murine infections. a calculator simulation. | a simulation (using an electronic calculator program) of the growth of trypanosoma brucei in the mouse is presented. this suggests that remission of the infection is effected by the removal of ever increasing numbers of the organisms as the immune (antibody) response develops, rather than that a gradual build-up of antibody on each trypanosome occurs until a fatal concentration is reached, simultaneously, on all of them. the program has enabled a theoretical examination to be made of the effect, ... | 1982 | 7099705 |
| delay in resolution of trypanosome-induced genital lesions in male rabbits infected with trypanosoma brucei and treated with diminazene aceturate. | the effects of drug therapy on the resolution of the genital lesions accompanying systemic trypanosoma brucei infection was investigated using male california white rabbits. infected animals were treated with diminazene aceturate two to 13 days after the onset of gross scrotal lesions; they were killed at different intervals after treatment to determine the histological evidence of healing of the genital lesions. it was found that, although parasites disappeared soon after treatment, regeneratio ... | 1982 | 7100655 |
| the use of erlangen diamidine 98/202 in relapsing trypanosoma brucei infections in mice. | mice infected with t. brucei gvr 23/1 or t. brucei gvr 35/1 for 21 days were treated with the erlangen diamidine 98/202 (6-amidino-2-[4' amidino-phenyl] thionaphthene-dilacate) at either 5 mg/kg or 35 mg/kg. at both these dose levels the parasites were initially cleared from the circulation although the infections eventually relapsed due to reinvasion from the central nervous system. if the 98/202 therapy is followed by treatment with 5-nitroimidazole only a small number of mice are permanently ... | 1982 | 7101405 |
| on the dna content and ploidy of trypanosomes. | we have determined the nuclear and kinetoplast dna content of two trypanosomatids by quantitative absorption and fluorescence cytophotometry of individual feulgen-pararosaniline stained cells. for the insect trypanosomatid crithidia fasciculata we find nuclear and kinetoplast dna contents of 0.095 and 0.032 pg per non-replicating cell. for the african trypanosome trypanosoma brucei these values are 0.097 and 0.004 pg. a sub-population of t. brucei cells with two kinetoplasts and one nucleus was ... | 1982 | 7110199 |
| comparative analysis of procedures used to isolate variant antigen from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | comparisons made among various procedures leading to the isolation of variant antigen from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream trypomastigotes. as a means of parasite disruption, freeze-thawing solubilized 36% more variant antigen than did sonication. protease inhibitors were important additions to the suspension prior to cellular disruption. if trypanosomal extracts were frozen for at least 1 wk prior to chromatographic isolation of variant antigen, recovery of the antigen was reduced by ... | 1982 | 7119984 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (trypanosomatidae): factors influencing infection rates of a recent human isolate in the tsetse glossina morsitans (diptera: glossinidae). | 1982 | 7120305 | |
| complete amino acids sequence of a variant surface glycoprotein (vsg 117) from trypanosoma brucei. | 1982 | 7120400 | |
| complete nucleotide sequence of complementary dna coding for a variant surface glycoprotein from trypanosoma brucei. | 1982 | 7120401 | |
| genomic environment of t. brucei vsg genes: presence of a minichromosome. | 1982 | 7121578 | |
| genomic environment of the expression-linked extra copies of genes for surface antigens of trypanosoma brucei resembles the end of a chromosome. | 1982 | 7121582 | |
| trypanosoma brucei variable surface antigen is released by degenerating parasites but not by actively dividing parasites. | surface antigen biosynthesis and fate in monomorphic and pleomorphic trypanosoma brucei was examined to assess how slender and stumpy form t. brucei parasites present their variant specific glycoprotein (vsg) to the host immune system. monomorphic and pleomorphic t. brucei did not release recently synthesized vsg in vitro. slender form t. brucei, either from monomorphic or pleomorphic populations, did not release vsg in vivo. detection of free vsg in plasma from irradiated mice infected with ple ... | 1982 | 7122116 |
| humoral responses against trypanosoma brucei variable surface antigen are induced by degenerating parasites. | an analysis was made of the inductive stimuli for anti-t. brucei variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) responses and the role played by humoral immunity in trypanosome wave control. the first wave parasitaemia was influenced by the rate of parasite differentiation from rapidly dividing slender forms to short lived stumpy forms. remission of first wave parasitaemia was caused by a humoral immune response against external determinants of surface expressed vsg. anti-vsg responses were accompanied by a ... | 1982 | 7122117 |
| ethidium bromide: pharmacokinetics and efficacy against trypanosme infections in rabbits and calves. | [14c]ethidium bromide has been used to determine drug levels in tissues and body fluids of rabbits and calves following intramuscular injection. uninfected and trypanosoma brucei- or trypanosoma congolense-infected animals were studied. blood and tissue fluid level reached a maximum with 1 h and then fell rapidly; after 96 h 80-90% of the radioactivity injected had been excreted, approximately one third in urine and two thirds in faeces. by 1 h after injection of 1 mg [14c]ethidium/kg into a t. ... | 1982 | 7122121 |
| carnitine in trypanosoma brucei brucei. | 1982 | 7133051 | |
| the course of trypanosoma brucei ssp. infection in domestic chickens. | three unrelated stocks of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) brucei were tested for their ability to infect domestic chickens. one of them, lugala/55/eatro/459, regularly produced a chronic infection. this was characterized by a low parasitemia (3-100 mouse infective organisms per ml of blood) that lasted for nine months in pullets and over one year in cockerels. advances and remissions of the parasitemia were detected during the course of the infection. there was no obvious impairment of the health of t ... | 1982 | 7135472 |
| cytotoxic effect of unilamellar detergent dialysis liposomes on trypanosoma brucei and trypanosoma congolense bloodstream forms in vitro. | 1982 | 7138525 | |
| polyamine oxidase-mediated killing of african trypanosomes. | african trypanosomes, trypanosoma brucei brucei, t. vivax and t. congolense, were killed when incubated in vitro with ruminant sera in the presence of exogeneous spermidine, and were non-infective for mice. purified polyamine oxidase in the presence of spermidine-mediated similar killing of trypanosomes. the abundance of polyamine oxidase activity in ruminant sera which can react with polyamines to produce products with cytotoxic properties may explain the trypanosome killing. this system may co ... | 1982 | 7145466 |
| immune protection of birds against a stock of trypanosoma brucei. | domestic chickens (gallus domesticus) infected with a stock of trypanosoma brucei exhibited a chronic infection that was spontaneously terminated by self-cure. they were then found to be immune to challenge with derivatives of the same trypanosome stock. it is suggested that the ability of birds to cure the infection and retain immunity is due to the particularly efficient nature of their immune responses. these results encourage the view that it may be possible to design effective trypanosome v ... | 1982 | 7146625 |
| increased sensitivity to endosulfan of trypanosoma-infected glossina morsitans. | 1982 | 7149839 | |
| protective immunity and specificity of antibody responses elicited in cattle by irradiated trypanosoma brucei. | the level and specificity of antibody responses elicited in cattle by irradiated non-infective trypanosoma brucei were examined and related to the development of protective immunity. these responses were compared with those induced by infection and by inoculation with purified variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) in adjuvant. it was found that 10(7) or more irradiated trypanosomes inoculated intravenously into cattle conferred complete protection against challenge with 10(3) homologous trypanosom ... | 1982 | 7155625 |
| activity of tunicamycin against trypanosoma brucei in vitro and in vivo. | tunicamycin, a specific inhibitor of glycoprotein biosynthesis, was evaluated for activity and chemotherapeutic potential against trypanosoma brucei in vitro and in vivo. the inhibition of parasite incorporation of two radiolabeled macromolecular precursors, [methyl-3h]thymidine and d-[2-3h]mannose, was measured in short-term (4-h) microcultures. mannose incorporation was inhibited over the concentration range of 0.01 to 10.0 microgram/ml, reaching 60% at the latter level. thymidine incorporatio ... | 1982 | 7159066 |
| analysis by electron microscopy of the variable segment in the maxi-circle of kinetoplast dna from trypanosoma brucei. | 1982 | 7159594 | |
| behaviour of a trypanosoma brucei brucei stock (stib 348c) in mice. 2. course of infections with the basic type and several variant types. | parasitemia in mice was followed using daily blood smears. infections with few trypanosomes of the basic type regularly showed a prepatency, a primary wave of parasitemia, a secondary latency and an uncharacteristically fluctuating secondary parasitemia, leading to death 28-144 days after infection. the characteristics of the infection were not altered by serial transfers of 100 trypanosomes every 5th day in mice for several months. infections with single trypanosomes out of early secondary para ... | 1982 | 7164165 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in vervet monkeys. i. parasitologic, hematologic, immunologic and histologic results. | twenty vervet monkeys infected with t. rhodesiense (eatro 1989) developed chronic disease with an average duration of 65 days (variation 35-107 days). with respect to the course of the disease, and to the hematologic, immunologic and histological findings, the disease faithfully mirrored human t. rhodesiense infection. in all animals, parasitization of the csf occurred only a few weeks after infection, and was accompanied by an increase in the cell count and the appearance of igm in the csf. the ... | 1982 | 7164166 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in vervet monkeys. ii. provocation of the encephalitic late phase by treatment of infected monkeys. | four out of 8 monkeys infected with trypanosoma rhodesiense and treated with trypanocidal drugs at various intervals after infection (days 55-58, days 62-65, day 68) developed encephalitis. in 2 of these animals, killed 2 weeks after treatment, the encephalitis presenting was incipient; the other 2 monkeys died as a result of severe encephalitis a little more than 2 and 3 months after treatment, respectively. at the time of treatment, the animals revealed a parasitization of the csf, but there w ... | 1982 | 7164167 |
| purification of nuclei from a flagellate protozoan, trypanosoma brucei. | 1982 | 7165080 | |
| transcripts coding for variant surface glycoproteins of trypanosoma brucei have a short, identical exon at their 5' end. | 1982 | 7166234 | |
| [distribution of infection by t. brucei gambiense in a population of bandundu in the republic of zaire]. | 1982 | 7168586 | |
| trypanocidal activity and prophylaxis evaluation of a series of bis-oxydihydrotriazines in mice. | 1982 | 7171247 | |
| purification of trypanosoma brucei variable surface glycoproteins: analysis of degradation occurring during isolation. | trypanosoma brucei variable surface glycoproteins (vsgs), isolated from some antigenic types of trypanosomes, degraded during isolation. we show that this degradation occurred immediately after breakage of the organism, presumably because of liberation of internal enzymes, and resulted in heterogeneity of isolated vsgs with respect to charge and/or molecular weight. degradation and consequent heterogeneity of these vsgs could be abolished by releasing vsg from the trypanosome surface without bre ... | 1982 | 7177702 |
| comparative morphometric analysis of bloodstream and lymph forms of trypanosoma (t.) brucei brucei grown in vitro and in vivo. | the fine structure of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei cultivated in vitro, and of trypanosomes from lymph and blood of mammalian hosts, was compared morphometrically. the cell volume, quantitative parameters of the mitochondrion and of glycosomes were mainly investigated. a coulter channelyzer was used for the first time to measure the mean cell volume of living parasites. in vitro, the monomorphic trypanosomes between the feeder layer cells showed lower values for mitochondrial paramete ... | 1982 | 7179423 |
| diminazene aceturate in the treatment of experimentally induced trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in domestic chickens. | 1982 | 7179701 | |
| [in vitro culture of infective blood forms of trypanosoma brucei evansi (steel 1885)]. | 1982 | 7181839 | |
| ump synthesis in the kinetoplastida. | all six enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo have been detected in homogenates of the culture promastigote form of leishmania mexicana amazonensis, the blood trypomastigote form of trypanosoma brucei and the culture epimastigote, blood trypomastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of trypanosoma cruzi. dihydroorotate dehydrogenase is mitochondrial in mammals, but the isofunctional enzyme, dihydroorotate oxidase was found to be cytoplasmic, whereas orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and ... | 1982 | 6753942 |
| the detection of phosphonolipids in the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi. | 2-aminoethylphosphonate was detected in the acid hydrolysates of the phosphonolipids and the lipopeptidophosphoglycan of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas' disease. this finding represents the first evidence of phosphonolipids in a zooflagellate. by comparison, no phosphonolipids were detected in trypanosama brucei, indicating that phosphonolipids are not a ubiquitous feature of the order kinetoplastidia. | 1982 | 6758765 |
| the effects of different eland and waterbuck sera on trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clones from lion and from man. | 1982 | 6764401 | |
| purine metabolism in trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | 1982 | 6800408 | |
| characteristics of the release of the surface coat protein from bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei. | bloodstream forms of the african trypanosomes undergo antigenic variation in their mammalian host. this process involves removal of the existing variant coat protein and its replacement with another. the mechanism by which the surface coat protein is released to the external supporting medium has been shown to depend in vitro specifically on the presence of calcium ions together with the calcium ionophore. a-23187, and to be inhibited by zn2+. release of the surface coat protein was not stimulat ... | 1982 | 6801031 |
| localization of kinetoplast dna maxicircle transcripts in bloodstream and procyclic form trypanosoma brucei. | over 80% of the maxicircle and numerous minicircles of trypanosoma brucei kinetoplast dna have been cloned. the uncloned maxicircle segment contains few restriction endonuclease cleavage sites, varies in size among strains, and may be unstable in conventional cloning systems. cdna prepared to bloodstream or procyclic trypomastigote rna hybridized to all but one maxicircle segment, but did not hybridize to minicircles. fourteen maxicircle transcripts were detected in rna from both bloodstream and ... | 1982 | 6927793 |
| point mutations during generation of expression-linked extra copy of trypanosome surface glycoprotein gene. | 1982 | 6927851 | |
| two distinct forms of surface antigen gene rearrangement in trypanosoma brucei. | 1982 | 6896361 | |
| african sleeping sickness: new evidence that mature tsetse flies (glossina morsitans) can become potent vectors. | starved mature male tsetse flies (21 to 25 days old) are capable of developing salivary gland (sg) infections of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense at rates nearly comparable to teneral males less than 24 hours old when given an infective meal containing parasites, horse red cells and culture medium. although the over-all sg infection rate for mature males starved for three, four or five days before infection was about half that for teneral males less than 48 hours old (8.0% v. 15.6%), males starved ... | 1982 | 6926764 |
| immunization of mice against african trypanosomiasis using anti-idiotypic antibodies. | anti-idiotypic (anti-id) antibodies were raised against three protective monoclonal antibodies, each with specificity for the variable antigen type (vat) of a clone of trypanosoma rhodesiense. the igg1 fractions of each were pooled and administered to balb/c mice 3-4 wk before homologous challenge. the course of primary parasitemia was altered in 19 of 30 anti-id-treated animals. the immunity was manifested as either: (a) complete protection, (b) reduced parasitemia, or (c) selection against par ... | 1982 | 6977615 |
| phenylalanine metabolism in microtus montanus chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | 1. alterations in phenylalanine metabolism were observed in microtus montanus infected with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. 2. reductions were found in the incorporation of phenylalanine into free amino acid pools and into proteins of the liver and other organs of infected animals. 3. increased quantities of phenylpyruvate, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and pyruvate were found in the urine of infected microtus. 4. there appeared to be very limited conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine in infected anim ... | 1982 | 7037281 |
| studies by electron microscopy of the giant forms of some african and south american trypanosomes found other than within their mammalian host. | giant multinucleate cyst forms of 3 brucei group trypanosomes and 2 south american species were found in culture systems and within the insect host cells by electron microscopy; the african stocks within the tsetse mid-gut cells, an unidentified brazilian trypanosome within the bug's gut cells and trypanosoma rangeli within the muscle layers surrounding the bug's salivary gland. the various forms found were similar in that they contained varying numbers of large vacuoles, usually lined by subpel ... | 1982 | 7037576 |
| pathogenesis of anemia in trypanosoma brucei-infected mice. | the pathogenesis of anemia was studied in trypanosome-infected mice. a strain of trypanosoma brucei, treu 667, was used which first produces an acute phase marked by waves of parasitemia. erythrocytes from infected animals were coated with immunoglobulin m during or just before the waves of anemia and parasitological crises. erythrocytes from normal animals could be sensitized with "precrisis" sera presumably containing antigen and antibody. these data suggest that anemia during the acute phase ... | 1982 | 7201455 |
| phytohaemagglutinin reactivity in circulating peripheral blood lymphocytes during a trypanosoma brucei infection: sequential studies in individual guinea-pigs. | this study has analysed the response to phytohaemagglutinin of peripheral blood lymphocytes from guinea-pigs infected with trypanosoma brucei brucei. by this means it was possible to follow the response of individual animals throughout an infection. a culture method using whole blood permitted fewer cell manipulations and eliminated the necessity to supplement cultures with heterologous serum. selection of appropriate strains of t.b. brucei produced a relatively chronic infection in guinea-pigs. ... | 1982 | 6980394 |
| antibody levels during bovine hemoparasitic diseases: trypanosomiasis, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. | 1983 | 6399967 | |
| the role of threonine in the metabolism of acetyl coenzyme a by trypanosoma brucei brucei. | 1983 | 6403282 | |
| locations of the six disulphide bonds in a variant surface glycoprotein (vsg 117) from trypanosoma brucei. | the locations of the six disulphide bonds and the single free cysteine residue in a variant surface glycoprotein, vsg 117, from the african trypanosome trypanosoma brucei have been determined to be cys-14--cys-140, cys-121--cys-182, cys-389--cys-404, cys-398--417, cys-447--cys-461 and cys-455--cys-468. cys-244 bears the single thiol group, which is unreactive towards 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoate in the native molecule and is probably buried. biosynthetically incorporated [35s]cysteine aided the l ... | 1983 | 6405739 |
| characterisation of the cross-reacting carbohydrate groups on two variant surface glycoproteins of trypanosoma brucei. | the nature of the cross-reacting groups on two variant surface glycoproteins of trypanosoma brucei has been investigated after isolation of glycopeptides produced by extensive proteolytic digestion of the proteins. one variant yielded two glycopeptides after pronase digestion, one of which was the glycosylated c-terminal aspartic acid. in a second variant there are two carbohydrate groups close to the c-terminus. considerable heterogeneity in the size of the sugar attached to an asparagine resid ... | 1983 | 6410233 |
| micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis: a rapid screening technique for trypanosomiasis. | a rapid and economical micro-counterimmunoelectrophoresis (mcie) test, for antibody to trypanosome antigens, has been developed which may prove useful in trypanosomiasis surveillance. mcie was more sensitive and more rapid than immunodiffusion (id). serum samples from trypanosome-infected rabbits and cattle (nigerian and gambian), from kuwaiti dogs and camels, from ivory coast sleeping sickness patients, from brazilian patients with chagas's disease, plus mouse-anti-malaria sera have been tested ... | 1983 | 6415874 |
| comparative aspects of purine metabolism in some african trypanosomes. | some enzymes of purine salvage were detected in the cell-free preparations from bloodstream forms of african trypanosomes: trypanosoma vivax; t. brucei and t. congolense. extracts of trypanosomes cleave adenosine and inosine hydrolytically except in t. congolense where adenosine cleavage was mediated by a phosphorylase. all the trypanosomes apparently lacked adenosine deaminase. adenine aminohydrolase was found only in t. vivax while adenosine monophosphate deaminase was detected in t. brucei an ... | 1983 | 6419098 |
| tubulin genes are tandemly linked and clustered in the genome of trypanosoma brucei. | we have isolated cdna and genomic clones containing alpha- and beta-tubulin genes from trypanosoma brucei. each clone has been mapped, and the identity of the tubulin genes has been established by cross-hybridization with cloned chicken tubulin genes and by hybridization-selection and translation of trypanosome tubulin mrna. in contrast with the dispersed organization of tubulin genes in other organisms, trypanosome alpha- and beta-tubulin genes are physically linked and clustered in tandem repe ... | 1983 | 6825172 |
| experimental infection with two stocks of trypanosoma brucei gambiense. study of the evolution by elution techniques of tissues. | 1983 | 6825435 | |
| relapsed parasitaemia following chemotherapy of chronic t. brucei infections in mice and its relation to cerebral trypanosomes. | mice infected with trypanosoma brucei can be easily cured using the available trypanocidal drugs, provided treatment is given soon after the infection; however, if infection is allowed to continue for some time then it is extremely difficult to obtain a permanent cure, and after an aparasitaemic period the infection eventually relapses. it has been shown that a relatively small number of infective trypanosomes in the brain have escaped the action of the drug and these are able to replicate and e ... | 1983 | 6825436 |
| chemotherapy, relapses and cns in experimental african trypanosomiasis. | 1983 | 6825437 | |
| studies of choroid plexus involvement in chronic infections of mice with trypanosoma brucei gambiense. | 1983 | 6825438 | |
| dna rearrangements linked to expression of a predominant surface antigen gene of trypanosomes. | 1983 | 6835363 | |
| feeding behaviour of glossina morsitans morsitans infected with trypanosoma vivax, t. congolense or t. brucei. | the feeding behaviour of glossina morsitans morsitans infected with trypanosoma vivax, t. congolense or t. brucei was studied and compared with that of uninfected control tsetse. the following parameters were measured. (1) mean number of feeds taken in 20 consecutive days; (2) mean rate of blood meal intake in microgram/sec of the total days fed; (3) mean weight of blood meal intake/day of the total days fed; (4) mean total blood meal engorgement in 20 days; (5) mean number of probes/day of the ... | 1983 | 6835699 |
| characterisation of trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi from camels in kenya using isoenzyme electrophoresis. | forty-nine trypanozoon stocks isolated from camels in five different areas of kenya were screened for isoenzyme patterns of 11 enzymes using thin-layer starch gel electrophoresis. the results were compared with those obtained in other studies with trypanosoma (trypanozoon) evansi stocks from south america, nigeria, sudan and kuwait. most of the kenyan camel stocks were found to be either identical or closely similar to t (t) evansi stocks from elsewhere and were therefore designated t (t) evansi ... | 1983 | 6836172 |
| primary murine bone marrow cultures support continuous growth of infectious human trypanosomes. | the human parasite trypanosoma brucei gambiense grew continuously at 37 degrees c in primary cultures of murine bone marrow. cultured parasites remained virulent for mice. rapid parasite growth coincided with the appearance of adherent adipocyte-epitheloid cell aggregates that also promoted hematopoiesis. this culture system should permit studies of host cell control of trypanosome proliferation, pathogenic effects of trypanosomes on blood cell development, and the relative trypanocidal and marr ... | 1983 | 6836284 |
| selective modification of glutathione metabolism. | glutathione, a tripeptide thiol found in virtually all cells, functions in metabolism, transport, and cellular protection. it participates in the reduction of disulfides and other molecules, and conjugates with compounds of exogenous and endogenous origin. it protects cells against the destructive effects of reactive oxygen intermediates and free radicals. modifications of glutathione metabolism may be achieved by administration of selective enzyme inhibitors, and also by giving compounds that i ... | 1983 | 6836290 |
| cultivation of infective forms of trypanosoma (t.) brucei evansi in a continuous culture system. | 1983 | 6837097 | |
| phagocytosis of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense by peritoneal macrophages: a study by scanning electronmicroscopy. | phagocytosis of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense by peritoneal macrophages takes place by seizure of the trypomastigote by either end but usually by the anterior. a lamellar sheath similar to that seen in phagocytosis of the promastigote of leishmania is observed, but it is smaller and does not proceed to envelop the living parasite. the attached trypomastigote becomes pitted and appears to have been killed and partially destroyed before it is completely engulfed. | 1983 | 6842569 |
| comparative analysis of a trypanosoma brucei gambiense antigen gene family and its potential use in epidemiology of sleeping sickness. | 1983 | 6843593 | |
| elaboration of mitochondrial function during trypanosoma brucei differentiation. | 1983 | 6843594 | |
| carbohydrate is linked through ethanolamine to the c-terminal amino acid of trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein. | the c-terminal amino acid of the variant surface glycoprotein from trypanosoma brucei is glycosylated. for two variant proteins that terminate in an aspartic acid and a serine residue respectively, it was shown that the sugar side chain is linked through ethanolamine to the alpha-carboxy group of the amino acid. | 1983 | 6847613 |
| 13c nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anaerobic glycolysis in trypanosoma brucei spp. | anaerobic glycolysis in trypanosoma brucei spp. has been studied by 13c nmr at 50 and 75.5 mhz. the uptake of [u-13c]glucose by cell suspensions of t. b. brucei was monitored by time-course spectroscopy, and while no anomeric specificity was found, the end-products of glycolysis were confirmed as glycerol and pyruvate together with alanine and dihydroxypropionate. the intermediacy of l-glycerol-3-phosphate was also ascertained. the incorporation of c-1 of [1-13c]glucose and of c-6 of [6-13c]gluc ... | 1983 | 6850078 |
| altered hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme activity resulting from experimental infection of rats with trypanosoma b. brucei. | infection of experimental rats with trypanosoma brucei (t. b. brucei) results in a decrease in the activities of aniline hydroxylase, aminopyrine-n-demethylase and a lowering of the level of reduced glutathione in the liver. the activity of cytochrome c reductase remains above normal 50 h after infection. infection of animals previously treated with either phenobarbitone or 3-methylcholanthrene results in a reduction in the specific activity of aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine-n-demethylase. ... | 1983 | 6851993 |
| phagocytosis of antibody-sensitized trypanosoma brucei in vitro by bovine peripheral blood monocytes. | the interaction between bovine peripheral blood monocytes and trypanosoma brucei organisms in the presence of immune whole serum or specific purified igm or igg1 antibodies from infected cattle was investigated. adherence of antibody-sensitized trypanosomes to freshly isolated monocytes from non-infected animals was not observed, confirming the absence of receptors for igm and igg1 on fresh monocytes. after in-vitro cultivation of the monocytes for at least 3 hr, adherence of igm-sensitized tryp ... | 1983 | 6852873 |
| the incidence of trypanosomiasis in the cattle population situated along the peripheries of the kainji national park in nigeria. | 1983 | 6858468 |